DOCSLIB.ORG

International Collaboration Research Report Study Program: Language Educational Science S3 Budget Year 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
International Collaboration Research Report Study Program: Language Educational Science S3 Budget Year 2020 INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION RESEARCH REPORT STUDY PROGRAM: LANGUAGE EDUCATIONAL SCIENCE S3 BUDGET YEAR 2020 TITLE: Corpus-based Study of Utterances Used in Buddhism and Hinduism and Its Implementation in the Cultural Guiding Technique Instructions for Tourism Students in Indonesia and Thailand Researcher Team: Prof. Dr. Pratomo Widodo (Chief Researcher) Dr. Margana, M.Hum, MA Ashadi, Ed.D Iwan Akbar, S.Pd, M.Hum Wiwiek Afifah, S.Pd, M.Pd Rohani, S.Pd, MA Ni Wayan Surya Mahayanti, S.Pd, M.Pd Partner Researcher: Prof. Dr. Korakoch Attaviriyahupap (Silpakorn University, Thailand) RESEARCH AND COMMUNITY SERVICE INSTITUTE UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2020 PREFACE International collaborative academic research is becoming more challenging. Whether it is to gain access for short or long-term goals. For a number of reasons, international collaborative research will definitely have a positive impact for both parties. A number of collaborative researches has been carried out, but those raised issues that have the same identification from both parties are still rarely conducted. Therefore, this proposal focusses to explore the similarities existed in Indonesia and Thailand. This research attempt to explore the positive sources between Indonesia and Thailand. As we know that between those two nations lie a huge number of cultural-spiritual heritages that can be positively gained for some goals. In this proposal, researchers from Indonesia and Thailand will raise the issue of cultural tourism which has nuances of Buddhist and Hindu culture with several considerations: (1) Indonesia and Thailand have similar geographical and cultural characteristics so that this issue is considered very appropriate to be raised. (2) Both institutions namely Yogyakarta State University and Thailand have the same study program, English Department, so this research is considered appropriate and will have many benefits for students. (3) The output of this research is the composition of the corpus for international tourism, especially in the field of cultural-religious tourism, a model of a tourism guide for the cultural-spiritual context. The research that will be packaged in this research and development plan will take three years, with the following details: (1) The first year is vocabulary exploration related to tourism, culture, Hindu and Buddhist history. The output at this stage is the corpora relevant to the English department for tourism guiding program. (2) The second stage is the design and development of technical guidance for tourism for students in the English department study program. (3) The third stage is the application of products in two institutions, namely English study programs at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia and Silpakorn University, Thailand. 20 November 2020 Researcher Team 2 3 ABSTRACT South-East Asia regions have a huge tourism giving significant contribution to the government. Additionally, recently UNESCO announced that there are 11 natural and 17 cultural heritage sites which increasingly strengthen countries in the South East Asia regions as a potential cultural tourism destination. Therefore, realizing that issues, Indonesia and Thailand as part of that region having number of cultural tourisms which have provided some unique natural and cultural heritage should take a role in this context. This study aims at developing model of corpus-based study of utterances used in Buddhism and Hinduism and its implementation in the cultural guiding technique instructions for tourism students in Indonesia and Thailand through the development of an educational product and attempts to discover new knowledge concerning the fundamental phenomena as well as educational practices. For this reason, the appropriate method to be used in this research is the Research and Development method of Borg & Gall (2003: 570). The reason for using of R & D method in this study is to fill the gap of theoretical fundamental with a practical one. Products resulting from this research, both in the forms of hardware and software will have certain characteristics. The characteristics will be a mixture of a number of concepts, principles, assumptions, hypothesis, and procedures relating to something that has been discovered or generated from a fundamental research. This study will be a collaboration of researchers of Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia and a partner researcher of Silpakom University, Thailand. The study then will analyze documents containing information on Buddhism, Hinduism, cultural tourism, and tourist guiding and also including a field visit to cultural tourism objects around Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and Bangkok, Thailand. The data collection and analysis will involve several stages. In year 1, a corpus of Hinduism and Buddhism resources will be made. In year 2, a corpus-based teaching material for tourism guides will be developed. In year three, tryout and refinement of the teaching material will be conducted. 4 TABLE OF CONTENT PREFACE ....................................................................................................................................... 2 PAGE OF APPROVAL ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF FIGURE ........................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ………………………………………………………………………………..7 LIST OF APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………………….8 CHAPTER I ………………………………………………………………………………………9 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................... 133 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................. 177 CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION …………………………………………….....24 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS .………………………………...…….69 REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………...…..71 APPENDIX 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………72 APPENDIX 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………73 APPENDIX 3 ................................................................................................................................ 66 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1. 'The Five Phases of Instructional Design’ adapted from Cennamo and Kalk, (2005:6) Figure 3.2 Elements to be considered in Interactive Process Development (Adapted from Cennamo & Kalk, 2005:21 in Suratno, 2005) Figure 4.1 Converting Pdf and Webpage Files into Txt File Format using Nitro 10 Figure 4.2 Uploading Data in Voyant Figure 4.3 Selecting txt File to be Uploaded Figure 4.4 Loading for the Analysis in Voyant Figure 4.5 Results of Voyant Analysis Figure 4.6 Close Up the Results in Detail Figure 4.7 Most Frequently Words (Cirrus) Figure 4.8 Most Frequently Words (Links) Figure 4.9 Most Frequently Words (Terms) Figure 4.10 Most Frequently Words (Trends) Figure 4.11 Most Frequently Words (Document Terms) Figure 4.12 Most Frequently Words (Summary) Figure 4.13 Most Frequently Words (Contexts) Figure 4.14 Most Frequently Words (Search the Words) Figure 4.15 Document Segments of word “Hindu” Figure 4.16 Document Segments of word “Yoga” Figure 4.17 Document Segments of word “Caste” Figure 4.18 Document Segments of word “Goddess” Figure 4.19 Document Segments of word “Guru” Figure 4.20 Document Segments of word “Buddhist” Figure 4.21 Document Segments of word “Buddhism” Figure 4.22 Document Segments of word “Buddha” Figure 4.23 Document Segments of word “Monks” Figure 4.24 Document Segments of word “Bodhisattva” Figure 4.25 Document Segments of word “Dharmasastra” Figure 4.26 Document Segments of word “Shaiva” Figure 4.27 Document Segments of word “Upanishads” Figure 4.28 Document Segments of word “Brahmanical” Figure 4.29 Document Segments of word “Puranas” Figure 4.30 Document Segments of word “Mahayana” Figure 4.31 Document Segments of word “Maitreya” Figure 4.32 Document Segments of word “Kamma” Figure 4.33 Document Segments of word “Sudhana” Figure 4.34 Document Segments of word “Amitabha” 6 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Resources of Hinduism and Buddhism Corpus Construction Table 4.2 Hundred Most Frequently used words in Hinduism and Buddhism Corpus Table 4.3 Similar words in Hinduism and Buddhism Corpus Table 4.4 Different Terms in Hinduism and Buddhism Table 4.5 Unique Words/Lexical Used in Hinduism and Buddhism Table 4.6 Collocation of word “Hindu” Table 4.7 Collocation of word “Yoga” Table 4.8 Collocation of word “Goddess” Table 4.9 Collocation of word “Guru” Table 4.10 Collocation of word “Buddhist” Table 4.11 Collocation of word “Buddhism” Table 4.12 Collocation of word “Buddha” Table 4.13 Collocation of word “Monks” Table 4.14 Collocation of word “Bodhisattva” Table 4.15 Collocation of word “dharma” in Hinduism Context Table 4.16 Collocation of word “dharma” in Buddhism Context Table 4.17 Collocation of word “Sanskrit” in Hinduism Context Table 4.18 Collocation of word “Sanskrit” in Buddhism Context Table 4.19 Collocation of word “Temple” in Hinduism Context Table 4.20 Collocation of word “Temple” in Buddhism Context Table 4.21 Collocation of word “Dharmasastra” Table 4.22 Collocation of word “Shaiva” Table 4.23 Collocation of word “Upanishads” Table 4.24 Collocation of word “Brahmanical” Table 4.25 Collocation of word “Puranas” Table 4.26 Collocation of word “Mahayana” Table 4.27 Collocation of word “Maitreya” Table 4.28 Collocation of word “Kamma” Table 4.29
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
    CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before.
    [Show full text]
  • An Unravelling of the Dharma-Dharmat- Vibhga-Vrtti of Vasubandhu
    An unravelling of the Dharma-dharmat- vibhga-vrtti of Vasubandhu Autor(en): Anacker, Stefan Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Asiatische Studien : Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Asiengesellschaft = Études asiatiques : revue de la Société Suisse-Asie Band (Jahr): 46 (1992) Heft 1: Études bouddhiques offertes à Jacques May PDF erstellt am: 28.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-146946 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst
    [Show full text]
  • Thinking in Buddhism: Nagarjuna's Middle
    Thinking in Buddhism: Nagarjuna’s Middle Way 1994 Jonah Winters About this Book Any research into a school of thought whose texts are in a foreign language encounters certain difficulties in deciding which words to translate and which ones to leave in the original. It is all the more of an issue when the texts in question are from a language ancient and quite unlike our own. Most of the texts on which this thesis are based were written in two languages: the earliest texts of Buddhism were written in a simplified form of Sanskrit called Pali, and most Indian texts of Madhyamika were written in either classical or “hybrid” Sanskrit. Terms in these two languages are often different but recognizable, e.g. “dhamma” in Pali and “dharma” in Sanskrit. For the sake of coherency, all such terms are given in their Sanskrit form, even when that may entail changing a term when presenting a quote from Pali. Since this thesis is not intended to be a specialized research document for a select audience, terms have been translated whenever possible,even when the subtletiesof the Sanskrit term are lost in translation.In a research paper as limited as this, those subtleties are often almost irrelevant.For example, it is sufficient to translate “dharma” as either “Law” or “elements” without delving into its multiplicity of meanings in Sanskrit. Only four terms have been left consistently untranslated. “Karma” and “nirvana” are now to be found in any English dictionary, and so their translation or italicization is unnecessary. Similarly, “Buddha,” while literally a Sanskrit term meaning “awakened,” is left untranslated and unitalicized due to its titular nature and its familiarity.
    [Show full text]
  • Abhinavagupta's Portrait of a Guru: Revelation and Religious Authority in Kashmir
    Abhinavagupta's Portrait of a Guru: Revelation and Religious Authority in Kashmir The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:39987948 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Abhinavagupta’s Portrait of a Guru: Revelation and Religious Authority in Kashmir A dissertation presented by Benjamin Luke Williams to The Department of South Asian Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of South Asian Studies Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2017 © 2017 Benjamin Luke Williams All rights reserved. Dissertation Advisor: Parimal G. Patil Benjamin Luke Williams ABHINAVAGUPTA’S PORTRAIT OF GURU: REVELATION AND RELIGIOUS AUTHORITY IN KASHMIR ABSTRACT This dissertation aims to recover a model of religious authority that placed great importance upon individual gurus who were seen to be indispensable to the process of revelation. This person-centered style of religious authority is implicit in the teachings and identity of the scriptural sources of the Kulam!rga, a complex of traditions that developed out of more esoteric branches of tantric "aivism. For convenience sake, we name this model of religious authority a “Kaula idiom.” The Kaula idiom is contrasted with a highly influential notion of revelation as eternal and authorless, advanced by orthodox interpreters of the Veda, and other Indian traditions that invested the words of sages and seers with great authority.
    [Show full text]
  • HINDUISM in EUROPE Stockholm 26-28 April, 2017 Abstracts
    HINDUISM IN EUROPE Stockholm 26-28 April, 2017 Abstracts 1. Vishwa Adluri, Hunter College, USA Sanskrit Studies in Germany, 1800–2015 German scholars came late to Sanskrit, but within a quarter century created an impressive array of faculties. European colleagues acknowledged Germany as the center of Sanskrit studies on the continent. This chapter examines the reasons for this buildup: Prussian university reform, German philological advances, imagined affinities with ancient Indian and, especially, Aryan culture, and a new humanistic model focused on method, objectivity, and criticism. The chapter’s first section discusses the emergence of German Sanskrit studies. It also discusses the pantheism controversy between F. W. Schlegel and G. W. F. Hegel, which crucially influenced the German reception of Indian philosophy. The second section traces the German reception of the Bhagavad Gītā as a paradigmatic example of German interpretive concerns and reconstructive methods. The third section examines historic conflicts and potential misunderstandings as German scholars engaged with the knowledge traditions of Brahmanic Hinduism. A final section examines wider resonances as European scholars assimilated German methods and modeled their institutions and traditions on the German paradigm. The conclusion addresses shifts in the field as a result of postcolonial criticisms, epistemic transformations, critical histories, and declining resources. 2. Milda Ališauskienė, Vytautas Magnus University, Lithuania “Strangers among Ours”: Contemporary Hinduism in Lithuania This paper analyses the phenomenon of contemporary Hinduism in Lithuania from a sociological perspective; it aims to discuss diverse forms of Hindu expression in Lithuanian society and public attitudes towards it. Firstly, the paper discusses the history and place of contemporary Hinduism within the religious map of Lithuania.
    [Show full text]
  • Remarks About the History of the Sarvāstivāda Buddhism
    ROCZNIK ORIENTALISTYCZNY, T. LXVII, Z. 1, 2014, (s. 255–268) CHARLES WILLEMEN Remarks about the History of the Sarvāstivāda Buddhism Abstract Study about the history of a specific Buddhist monastic lineage known as “Sarvāstivāda” based on an overview of the history of its literature. Keywords: Sarvāstivāda, Buddhism, schism, Mahāyāna, Abhidharma, India, Gandhāra All scholars agree that the Sarvāstivāda (“Proclaiming that Everything Exists”) Buddhism was strong in India’s north-western cultural area. All agree that there was the first and seminal schism between the Sthaviravāda and the Mahāsāṅghika. However, many questions still remain to be answered. For instance, when did the first schism take place? Where exactly in India’s north-western area? We know what the Theravāda tradition has to say, but this is the voice of just one Buddhist tradition. Jibin 罽賓 The Chinese term Jibin is used to designate the north-western cultural area of India. For many years it has been maintained by Buddhist scholars that it is a phonetic rendering of a Prakrit word for Kaśmīra. In 2009 Seishi Karashima wrote that Jibin is a Chinese phonetic rendering of Kaśpīr, a Gāndhārī form of Kaśmīra.1 In 1993 Fumio Enomoto postulated that Jibin is a phonetic rendering of Kapiśa (Kāpiśī, Bagram).2 Historians have long held a different view. In his article of 1996 János Harmatta said that in the seventh century Jibin denoted the Kapiśa-Gandhāra area.3 For this opinion he relied on 1 Karashima 2009: 56–57. 2 Enomoto 1993: 265–266. 3 Harmatta (1996) 1999: 371, 373–379. 256 CHARLES WILLEMEN Édouard Chavannes’s work published in 1903.
    [Show full text]
  • Conference Handbook ICSA 2010 Annual International Conference: Psychological Manipulation, Cultic Groups, and Harm
    Conference Handbook ICSA 2010 Annual International Conference: Psychological Manipulation, Cultic Groups, and Harm With the collaboration of Info-Cult/Info-Secte, Montreal, Canada July 1-3, 2010 Doubletree at George Washington Bridge 2117 Route 4 East, Fort Lee, NJ International Cultic Studies Association PO Box 2265 Bonita Springs, FL 34133 239-514-3081 www.icsahome.com Welcome Welcome to the 2010 International Cultic Studies Association (ICSA) conference, Psychological Manipulation, Cultic Groups, and Harm. Speakers have given much of their time in order to present at this conference. Many attendees have come long distances and have diverse backgrounds. Hence, please help us begin sessions on time and maintain a respectful tone during the sometimes lively and provocative discussions. This is a public conference. If you have matters that are sensitive or that you prefer to keep confidential, you should exercise appropriate care. Private audio- or videotaping is not permitted. We hope to make some videos and/or audios available after the conference. Press who attend the conference may come from mainstream and nonmainstream, even controversial, organizations. If a journalist seeks to interview you, exercise appropriate care. If you desire to refuse an interview request, feel free to do so. Remember, if you give an interview, you will have no control over what part of the interview, if any, will be used. ICSA conferences try to encourage dialogue and are open to diverse points of view. Hence, opinions expressed at the conference or in books and other materials available in the bookstore should be interpreted as opinions of the speakers or writers, not necessarily the views of ICSA or its staff, directors, or advisors.
    [Show full text]
  • Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) Buddhism Is an Integral Part of Burmese Culture
    Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) 2 Volumes By Charlotte Kendrick Galloway A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University November 2006 ii Declaration I declare that to the best of my knowledge, unless where cited, this thesis is my own original work. Signed: Date: Charlotte Kendrick Galloway iii Acknowledgments There are a number of people whose assistance, advice and general support, has enabled me to complete my research: Dr Alexandra Green, Dr Bob Hudson, Dr Pamela Gutman, Dick Richards, Dr Tilman Frasch, Sylvia Fraser- Lu, Dr Royce Wiles, Dr Don Stadtner, Dr Catherine Raymond, Prof Michael Greenhalgh, Ma Khin Mar Mar Kyi, U Aung Kyaing, Dr Than Tun, Sao Htun Hmat Win, U Sai Aung Tun and Dr Thant Thaw Kaung. I thank them all, whether for their direct assistance in matters relating to Burma, for their ability to inspire me, or for simply providing encouragement. I thank my colleagues, past and present, at the National Gallery of Australia and staff at ANU who have also provided support during my thesis candidature, in particular: Ben Divall, Carol Cains, Christine Dixon, Jane Kinsman, Mark Henshaw, Lyn Conybeare, Margaret Brown and Chaitanya Sambrani. I give special mention to U Thaw Kaung, whose personal generosity and encouragement of those of us worldwide who express a keen interest in the study of Burma's rich cultural history, has ensured that I was able to achieve my own personal goals. There is no doubt that without his assistance and interest in my work, my ability to undertake the research required would have been severely compromised – thank you.
    [Show full text]
  • Tathagata-Garbha Sutra
    Tathagata-garbha Sutra (Tripitaka No. 0666) Translated during the East-JIN Dynasty by Tripitaka Master Buddhabhadra from India Thus I heard one time: The Bhagavan was staying on Grdhra-kuta near Raja-grha in the lecture hall of a many-tiered pavilion built of fragrant sandalwood. He had attained buddhahood ten years previously and was accompanied by an assembly of hundred thousands of great bhikshus and a throng of bodhisattvas and great beings sixty times the number of sands in the Ganga. All had perfected their zeal and had formerly made offerings to hundred thousands of myriad legions of Buddhas. All could turn the Irreversible Dharma Wheel. If a being were to hear their names, he would become irreversible in the unsurpassed path. Their names were Bodhisattva Dharma-mati, Bodhisattva Simha-mati, Bodhisattva Vajra-mati, Bodhisattva Harmoniously Minded, bodhisattva Shri-mati, Bodhisattva Candra- prabha, Bodhisattva Ratna-prabha, Bodhisattva Purna-candra, Bodhisattva Vikrama, Bodhisattva Ananta-vikramin, Bodhisattva Trailokya-vikramin, Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, Bodhisattva Maha-sthama-prapta, Bodhisattva Gandha-hastin, Bodhisattva Sugandha, Bodhisattva Surpassing Sublime Fragrance, Bodhisattva Supreme matrix, Bodhisattva Surya-garbha, Bodhisattva Ensign Adornment, Bodhisattva Great Arrayed Banner, Bodhisattva Vimala-ketu, Bodhisattva Boundless Light, Bodhisattva Light Giver, Bodhisattva Vimala-prabha, Bodhisattva Pramudita-raja, Bodhisattva Sada-pramudita, Bodhisattva Ratna-pani, Bodhisattva Akasha-garbha, Bodhisattva King of the Light
    [Show full text]
  • The Decline of Buddhism in India
    The Decline of Buddhism in India It is almost impossible to provide a continuous account of the near disappearance of Buddhism from the plains of India. This is primarily so because of the dearth of archaeological material and the stunning silence of the indigenous literature on this subject. Interestingly, the subject itself has remained one of the most neglected topics in the history of India. In this book apart from the history of the decline of Buddhism in India, various issues relating to this decline have been critically examined. Following this methodology, an attempt has been made at a region-wise survey of the decline in Sind, Kashmir, northwestern India, central India, the Deccan, western India, Bengal, Orissa, and Assam, followed by a detailed analysis of the different hypotheses that propose to explain this decline. This is followed by author’s proposed model of decline of Buddhism in India. K.T.S. Sarao is currently Professor and Head of the Department of Buddhist Studies at the University of Delhi. He holds doctoral degrees from the universities of Delhi and Cambridge and an honorary doctorate from the P.S.R. Buddhist University, Phnom Penh. The Decline of Buddhism in India A Fresh Perspective K.T.S. Sarao Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-215-1241-1 First published 2012 © 2012, Sarao, K.T.S. All rights reserved including those of translation into other languages. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gandavyuha-Sutra : a Study of Wealth, Gender and Power in an Indian Buddhist Narrative
    The Gandavyuha-sutra : a Study of Wealth, Gender and Power in an Indian Buddhist Narrative Douglas Edward Osto Thesis for a Doctor of Philosophy Degree School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 2004 1 ProQuest Number: 10673053 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673053 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract The Gandavyuha-sutra: a Study of Wealth, Gender and Power in an Indian Buddhist Narrative In this thesis, I examine the roles of wealth, gender and power in the Mahay ana Buddhist scripture known as the Gandavyuha-sutra, using contemporary textual theory, narratology and worldview analysis. I argue that the wealth, gender and power of the spiritual guides (kalyanamitras , literally ‘good friends’) in this narrative reflect the social and political hierarchies and patterns of Buddhist patronage in ancient Indian during the time of its compilation. In order to do this, I divide the study into three parts. In part I, ‘Text and Context’, I first investigate what is currently known about the origins and development of the Gandavyuha, its extant manuscripts, translations and modern scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Jesus-Buddha-Krishna: Still Present?
    JESUS-BUDDHA-KRISHNA: STILL PRESENT? Paul F. Knitter PRECIS The intent of this article is to elaborate a moie adequate understanding of the presence of Christ in Word and Sacrament, which will then make possible a more productive dialogue with Hinduism and Buddhism. Foundational to this investigation is contemporary theol­ ogy's understanding of symbol-myth. First it is shown how, on the basis of what is being said about myth and symbol, the real presence of Christ in the Christian community can be understood meaningfully and coherently as a mythic-symbolic presence. This refocuses the problem of the relation between the historical Jesus and the Christ of faith. It means that Christianity must move beyond "historicism"-the attitude that equates the real with the factual. More precisely, it implies that the experience of salvation is not mediated through historical events in themselves but insofar as they are "mythified": symbols save; historical events (as events) do not Christianity therefore can be said to be based on "mythistory," not just history. Various objections to this apparent mythification of Christianity are considered; the abiding importance of the historical Jesus is maintained. Such an esteem for the mythic Christ requires Christians to modify their claim that Christianity's uniqueness is based on its historicity. More precisely, Christians are called upon to recognize the real and salvific presence of the mythic Buddha and the mythic Krishna (and other Avatars) to their followers. Particular significance is given to the process in which Gautama-not unlike Jesus-was glorified and mythified after death. Christ is always present in His Church, especially in her liturgical celebration.
    [Show full text]