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Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Cacciatore, F
WestminsterResearch http://www.westminster.ac.uk/westminsterresearch “Their Need Was Great”: Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Cacciatore, F. This is an electronic version of a PhD thesis awarded by the University of Westminster. © Mr Francesco Cacciatore, 2018. The WestminsterResearch online digital archive at the University of Westminster aims to make the research output of the University available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the authors and/or copyright owners. Whilst further distribution of specific materials from within this archive is forbidden, you may freely distribute the URL of WestminsterResearch: ((http://westminsterresearch.wmin.ac.uk/). In case of abuse or copyright appearing without permission e-mail [email protected] “Their Need Was Great”: Émigrés and Anglo-American Intelligence Operations in the Early Cold War Francesco Alexander Cacciatore March 2018 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Westminster for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Covert action during the Cold War has been the subject of much historiography. This research, however, is based for the most part on primary sources, specifically on the records declassified in the United States in 2007 as a consequence of the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act. The majority of the historiography on this topic either predates or neglects these records. The study of covert operations inside the Iron Curtain during the early Cold War, sponsored by Western states using émigré agents, usually ends with the conclusion that these operations were a failure, both in operational terms and from the point of view of the intelligence gathered. -
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AMERICAN & INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR YAD VASHEM Vol. 41-No. 2 ISSN 0892-1571 November/December 2014-Kislev/Tevet 5775 The American & International Societies for Yad Vashem Annual Tribute Dinner he 60th Anniversary of Yad Vashem Tribute Dinner We were gratified by the extensive turnout, which included Theld on November 16th was a very memorable many representatives of the second and third generations. evening. We were honored to present Mr. Sigmund Rolat With inspiring addresses from honoree Zigmund A. Rolat with the Yad Vashem Remembrance Award. Mr. Rolat is a and Chairman of the Yad Vashem Council Rabbi Israel Meir survivor who has dedicated his life to supporting Yad Lau — the dinner marked the 60th Anniversary of Yad Vashem and to restoring the place of Polish Jewry in world Vashem. The program was presided over by dinner chairman history. He was instrumental in establishing the newly Mark Moskowitz, with the Chairman of the American Society opened Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw. for Yad Vashem Leonard A. Wilf giving opening remarks. SIGMUND A. ROLAT: “YAD VASHEM ENSHRINES THE MILLIONS THAT WERE LOST” e are often called – and even W sometimes accused of – being obsessed with memory. The Torah calls on us repeatedly and command- ingly: Zakhor – Remember. Even the least religious among us observe this particular mitzvah – a true corner- stone of our identity: Zakhor – Remember – and logically L’dor V’dor – From generation to generation. The American Society for Yad Vashem has chosen to honor me with the Yad Vashem Remembrance Award. I am deeply grateful and moved to receive this honor. -
The Nazi Hunter.Pdf
NEWS Friday, October 12, 2012 The Australian Jewish New s – jewishnews.net.au 15 THE NAZI HUNTER In your time at the Simon Wiesenthal of Mauthausen doctor Aribert Heim, Centre (SWC), you have uncovered the Dr Efraim Zuroff is the story of which also appears in the postwar escape of hundreds of Nazi war determined to book. In both cases, the children criminals to Western countries. These bring Nazi war found it very difficult to deal with efforts have influenced the creation of criminals to special laws in Canada (1987), justice. their parents’ alleged past. Zentai’s Australia (1989) and Great Britain children clung to their father’s denial (1991). How instrumental was the SWC of his participation in the murder of in prompting these countries to pursue Peter Balazs, although they had no such legislative measures? concrete proof, other than their The SWC was one of several father’s account. In the Heim case, the groups in each country that fought to daughter claimed never to have even convince these governments to take seen her father. legal action against the Nazi war criminals living in Canada, Australia Why did you decide to write the book? and the UK. The local Jewish com - Writing the book was in certain munity organisations, such as the respects a labour of love for the mem - Canadian Jewish Congress and B’nai ory of the victims of the Shoah and to B’rith in Canada, and the Executive explain my mission. It took me about Council of Australian Jewry and nine months. So far I have had many Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs wonderful moments, but my share of Council in Australia, usually played a frustrations as well. -
Simon Wiesenthal Center Library & Archives 1399 South Roxbury Drive Los Angeles, CA 90035-4709 (310) 772-7605; FAX: (310) 772-7628 Email: [email protected]
Simon Wiesenthal Center Library & Archives 1399 South Roxbury Drive Los Angeles, CA 90035-4709 (310) 772-7605; FAX: (310) 772-7628 Email: [email protected] http://www.wiesenthal.com http://www.museumoftolerance.com http://www.teachers.museumoftolerance.com http://motlc.wiesenthal.com The Holocaust, 1933 - 1945 Educational Resources Kit For educational programs, permission is granted for the reproduction of these materials, provided it is accompanied by the following statement: Courtesy of the Simon Wiesenthal Center The Holocaust, 1933 – 1945 Educational Resources Kit Table of Contents INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 1 TIMELINE OF THE HOLOCAUST: 1933 – 1945 ....................................................................................... 5 GLOSSARY OF TERMS, PLACES, AND PERSONALITIES..................................................................... 9 36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS .................................................................................................................... 23 DIRECTORIES OF CONCENTRATION CAMPS ......................................................................................... 37 MAJOR ADMINISTRATIVE CENTERS AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS.............................................................................. 37 IMPORTANT SUB-CAMPS AND THEIR MAIN CAMPS ..................................................................................................... 40 -
The Survivor's Hunt for Nazi Fugitives in Brazil: The
THE SURVIVOR’S HUNT FOR NAZI FUGITIVES IN BRAZIL: THE CASES OF FRANZ STANGL AND GUSTAV WAGNER IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE by Kyle Leland McLain A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History Charlotte 2016 Approved by: ______________________________ Dr. Heather Perry ______________________________ Dr. Jürgen Buchenau ______________________________ Dr. John Cox ii ©2016 Kyle Leland McLain ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT KYLE LELAND MCLAIN. The survivor’s hunt for Nazi fugitives in Brazil: the cases of Franz Stangl and Gustav Wagner in the context of international justice (Under the direction of DR. HEATHER PERRY) On April 23, 1978, Brazilian authorities arrested Gustav Wagner, a former Nazi internationally wanted for his crimes committed during the Holocaust. Despite a confirming witness and petitions from West Germany, Israel, Poland and Austria, the Brazilian Supreme Court blocked Wagner’s extradition and released him in 1979. Earlier in 1967, Brazil extradited Wagner’s former commanding officer, Franz Stangl, who stood trial in West Germany, was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment. These two particular cases present a paradox in the international hunt to bring Nazi war criminals to justice. They both had almost identical experiences during the war and their escape, yet opposite outcomes once arrested. Trials against war criminals, particularly in West Germany, yielded some successes, but many resulted in acquittals or light sentences. Some Jewish survivors sought extrajudicial means to see that Holocaust perpetrators received their due justice. Some resorted to violence, such as vigilante justice carried out by “Jewish vengeance squads.” In other cases, private survivor and Jewish organizations collaborated to acquire information, lobby diplomatic representatives and draw public attention to the fact that many Nazi war criminals were still at large. -
Holocaust-Denial Literature: an Additional Bibliography
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research York College 1996 Holocaust-Denial Literature: An Additional Bibliography John A. Drobnicki CUNY York College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/24 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Holocaust-Denial Literature: An Additional Bibliography John A. Drobnicki This bibliography is a suppiement to one published in the March 1994 Bulletin of Bibliography. During the intervening time, Holocaust revisionism has continued to be discussed both in the scholarly literature and in the mainstream press. The Holocaust deniers, who prefer to call themselves “revisionists” in an attempt to gain scholarly legitimacy, have refused to go away and remain as vocal as ever— Bradley R. Smith has continued to send revisionist advertise- ments to college newspapers, generating pubiicity for his cause. Holocaust denial, which is used interchangeably with Holocaust revisionism in this bibli- ography, is a body of iiterature that seeks to prove that the Jewish Holocaust did not happen. Although individual revisionists may have different motives and beiiefs, they ali share at least one point: that there was no systematic attempt by Nazi Germany to exterminate Eu- ropean Jewry. Hence they ciaim that the Holocaust is a “hoax” perpetrated by Jews (“Zion- ists”) in an attempt to blackmail the rest of the world for sympathy, money, and legitimacy for the state of Israel. -
Theodore Silva “Six Million Accusers” Essay the Trial Address of Israeli
Theodore Silva “Six Million Accusers” essay The trial address of Israeli attorney-general Gideon Hausner against Nazi Bureaucrat Adolf Eichmann is a thorough description of the horrors of the Holocaust and a powerful condemnation of Eichmann’s role in it. Its language is bone-chilling, especially to those of us with Jewish ancestry and stories of family members permanently displaced in that terrible Shoah. The results of Adolf Eichmann’s trial, and the Nuremburg trials before his, should always be regarded as repudiations of deranged Nazi ideology and the systematic dehumanization and terror that it breeds. But this essay is not about the ancient evil of anti-Semitism before and after Dreyfus and Hitler, nor is it about the trial of history’s most murderous bureaucrat Adolf Eichmann. In this essay I will describe how “ordinary” people are capable of such inhumanity, explain the controversy around “the banality of evil” and present examples of the “just following orders” plea being used to justify inhumane acts in the present day. In October 1945, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) convened in Nuremberg, Germany to try 199 Nazis and their collaborators in the wake of history’s deadliest war. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, “The defendants generally acknowledged that the crimes occurred but denied that they were responsible, as they were following orders from a higher authority.” This “Befehl ist Befehl” defense—literally “an order is an order,” was so widely used in these trials that it became known as the “Nuremberg defense.” This was fifteen years before the trial of Adolf Eichmann, where he used the same plea to the Jerusalem District Court in 1961. -
Representing Nazism: Advocacy and Identity at the Trial of Klaus Barbie
University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Journal Articles Faculty Scholarship 1989 Representing Nazism: Advocacy and Identity at the Trial of Klaus Barbie Guyora Binder University at Buffalo School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Guyora Binder, Representing Nazism: Advocacy and Identity at the Trial of Klaus Barbie, 98 Yale L.J. 1321 (1989). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/journal_articles/294 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comments Representing Nazism: Advocacy and Identity at the Trial of Klaus Barbie Guyora Bindert Among the ashes of the dead at Auschwitz, graverobbers found a jar. In this jar was a diary, with directions for finding other diaries. The diaries were written by the Sonderkommando, inmates charged with disposing of the dead, which they did. But as they worked, they recorded their deeds, so that the dead they incinerated would leave behind a residue of writing: "At 10:00 in the morning, I have just burned my parents," reports one diary.' At 10:10: "I have just burned my wife." And finally, at 10:20: "I have just burned my children."'2 Perhaps some inmates accepted this grisly assignment in hopes of saving themselves, but most must have known they would last two months more at most, under conditions in which only death offered mercy. -
Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2015 Ordinary Women: Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution Haley A. Wodenshek Trinity College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Wodenshek, Haley A., "Ordinary Women: Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2015. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/522 Ordinary Women: Female Perpetrators of the Nazi Final Solution Haley Wodenshek History Department Senior Thesis Advisor: Allison Rodriguez Class of 2015 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………..………………………………………………………... 1 “We believe in Adolf Hitler, our Eternal Führer”………………………………………... 2 An Introduction to the Role of Nazi Women Chapter 1: “Power would tame [Hitler’s] extremism, they said”………………………. 22 The Rise and Fall of the Weimar Republic Chapter 2: Hitler’s Girls………………………………………………………………… 43 Chapter 3: Hitler’s Girls Go East……………………………………………………….. 67 Chapter 4: The Case Studies of Herta Oberheuser, Irma Grese & Ilse Koch…………... 85 The Case of Herta Oberheuser ............................................................................. 87 The Case of Irma Ilse Ida Grese, #9 ………………………………………....... 108 The Case of Ilse Koch ........................................................................................ 127 Conclusion: Fleeing the East, The Final Retreat ……………………………………... 149 “My [sic] wife, sir, wouldn’t hurt a fly.” Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………… 158 3 Acknowledgements *** This work is dedicated to my mother Anne Wodenshek, who has always pushed me to become the strong and independent woman I am today, and who gave me the gift of education. *** I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my Thesis advisor, Professor Allison Rodriguez for helping me through this yearlong process. -
CAS21 for Birgit-No Marks
Austrian Lives Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser, Eva Maltschnig (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 21 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2012 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America. Book and cover design: Lauren Capone Cover photo credits given on the following pages: 33, 72, 119, 148, 191, 311, 336, 370, 397 Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press: by Innsbruck University Press: ISBN: 9781608010929 ISBN: 9783902811615 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lauren Capone University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Sándor Kurtán Universität Graz Corvinus University Budapest Peter Berger Günther Pallaver -
Nazism and Neo-Nazism in Film and Media Nazism and Neo-Nazism in Film and Media
JASON LEE Nazism and Neo-Nazism in Film and Media Nazism and Neo-Nazism in Film and Media Nazism and Neo-Nazism in Film and Media Jason Lee Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Girl Scout confronts neo-Nazi at Czech rally. Photo: Vladimir Cicmanec Cover design: Kok Korpershoek, Amsterdam Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout Amsterdam University Press English-language titles are distributed in the US and Canada by the University of Chicago Press. isbn 978 90 8964 936 2 e-isbn 978 90 4852 829 5 doi 10.5117/9789089649362 nur 670 © J. Lee / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2018 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the written permission of both the copyright owner and the author of the book. Contents Acknowledgements 7 1. Introduction – Beliefs, Boundaries, Culture 9 Background and Context 9 Football Hooligans 19 American Separatists 25 2. Film and Television 39 Memory and Representation 39 Childhood and Adolescence 60 X-Television 66 Conclusions 71 3. Nazism, Neo-Nazism, and Comedy 75 Conclusions – Comedy and Politics 85 4. Necrospectives and Media Transformations 89 Myth and History 89 Until the Next Event 100 Trump and the Rise of the Right 107 Conclusions 116 5. Globalization 119 Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America 119 International Nazi Hunters 131 Video Games and Conclusions 135 6. Conclusions – The Infinitely Other 141 Evil and Violence 141 Denial and Memorial 152 Europe’s New Far Right and Conclusions 171 Notes 189 Bibliography 193 Index 199 Acknowledgements A special thank you to Stuart Price, Chair of the Media Discourse Group at De Montfort University (DMU). -
Austrian Lives
Austrian Lives Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser, Eva Maltschnig (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 21 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2012 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America. Book and cover design: Lauren Capone Cover photo credits given on the following pages: 33, 72, 119, 148, 191, 311, 336, 370, 397 Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press: by Innsbruck University Press: ISBN: 9781608010929 ISBN: 9783902811615 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lauren Capone University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Sándor Kurtán Universität Graz Corvinus University Budapest Peter Berger Günther Pallaver