The type of the informant: Citizen from Municipality The interview Date 11th April 2016 Place Informant’s apartment Length 53:58 Language of the interview English Interviewers Dace Lasmane, Carina Bendsen, Margareta Birca The informant: Name Zahid Age 41 but he mentions another one. Gender Male Country of origin Pakistan Family type Living alone Occupation Shift leader in KFC Fields

Type of housing Rented apartment from AAB company

Number of people living in a 3 people living in 3 room apartment house/ an apartment The municipality where he/she Ballerup Municipality since November 2015 lives currently and for how long Municipalities/ Countries Pakistan, where the informant lived Derby Council (England) before Norrebro () (Denmark) Ballerup (Denmark) The way we got in touch with Informant is the landlord of one of the authors of the thesis. the informant: He agreed for interview when being personally asked.

What does it mean garbage for you?

- Nothing special, I haven’t think about that! Just use it and throw it, that’s it! Give 5 associations for garbage?

- First thing is “used thing”, which you are not using anymore. Anything else? What is your attitude towards recycling?

- Recycle…I haven’t think about that, just throw it, that’s it! Do you sort any type of waste? Do you sort the garbage? - Not particularly. I mean, we cannot put glass bottle with normal garbage, but other than that it’s ok! You put everything in the normal garbage and just glass separately?

- Yes, glass separately. What is your attitude towards organic waste?

- Organic waste, nothing special. Have you had previous experience with organic waste?

- I’m not sure. In your job you also don’t separate anyhow1?

- In the job we do that, before we were putting all in…we have different waste because we have different time on different products. Before that we were putting all in one place, but we got a letter from Commune that we must separate. Now we have different place for food waste, separately just for the food. But, home is different. At job we follow all the procedure. Why at home is different?

- For the home, food, I use the things I really need it. I am not throwing anything. In the workplace is a different thing, sometimes we cook too much. And we expect that we going to sell it. But at that particular time we don’t sell it. So we need to throw that, we are not giving expired product to the customer. But at home, if I make that, I know that is for specific time or period, and I know that I’m going to use it. So I’m not going to throw it, is very less chance that I will. When I’m saying organic waste, can you give me the associations?

- What is organic waste? Organic waste can be, as you also mentioned, the food waste, or the peel of carrots or potatoes.

- At job we get everything already prepared. At home I am not cooking every day. But when I am doing, or peeling, I am just putting in the normal waste. I don’t think about that, what should I do and all this. Do you know what your house offers? Does your house offers any possibility? You said you have to put the glass separately, you know everything else you can separate? …

- Yes, we have. We have glass, and we have cardboard. It’s down there. You can separate and put there. Do you do that?

- Cardboard yeah! I am not using products that are related to glass. But cardboard, if you can consider the milk as cardboard…I am not putting it there, I am just putting with normal garbage and throw it.

1 The explanation about time limit and the procedure of cooking the chicken and other KFC products, same as the fact of working with the waste list at the end of the shift were left out from the transcript because this was not referring anyhow to the question.

The explanation about suppliers and changing the suppliers from U.S.A. company and how are they getting the products in KFC were left out from the transcript. But other than that, if I have something big, like, if I bought a bed and I have a big cardboard, of course it’s not possible to put it there (in the pipe for the normal garbage)so I can use that one. Can you show the place where you put the garbage, where you put the glass and so one?

- We have the glass here - Cans - The normal, kitchen waste. - And that is paper, we have place for the paper itself. Do you sort it or…

- Sometimes Who is sorting?

- Mostly is Margareta, she can do it. But when I have time I can try to do something. And you know where is the place outside?

- Down there, 2 minutes walk. And who bring out the garbage?

- I am not using the glass or cans, I am not drinking cola. I am drinking milk and I am putting it into normal garbage. I don’t remember when’s the last time I used glass products. And just throw it. And the normal garbage, do you put it also outside?

- No, we have this there (pipes outside the door), we have key and we just throw it there. How often you take it out

- One time in a day. And who is the one who is taking it?

- Who’s seeing that it’s full can do it. Who is bringing out the other things?

- Haven’t brought the cardboard. But, paper it’s here for few times. We can put here, or she can put it out, or if I can see we can put it. You mentioned you throw out the normal garbage once in a day.

- Once in a day, every day it’s got full. Do you have time to measure how much you throw?

- I don’t have time to do these things (laughing) Does it take some effort for you to separate those things?

- Yes, definitely it takes some effort to do it. I don’t think about these things, like “do this and that”, just normal routine. Just throw it, that’s it. What kind of bags do you use for this? - We have 2 types of bags. One normal shopping bag, and another one (special bag for garbage) Do you also follow your consumption?

- The things I’m buying I really use it. Very rarely happens that I bought something and I don’t need it and throw it. Very rarely. The things I bought, I checked the expiring date and I know till which date I’m gonna use it. When you buy the things do you follow if is it ecological, the packaging?

- No, no… I don’t think about the environment and all these things. I just buy what I need. What is your general attitude towards sorting, is it good or bad? Do we need it?

- Yes, in one way is good. If you sort is easier for the other people, who is collecting, to do the proper things in a proper manner. But, for me, I haven’t think about this. When I use the glass I put it there (outside in the special container), we cannot put it there (showing the direction to the pipe). And how do you know that you cannot put them ?(pipes)

- It’s not about knowing. It’s about that they have a special place to put it there, so I can go and put it there. Is there some rules that you cannot throw the glass inside?

- I’m not sure about the rules. - There’s a picture, on it (the pipe), that we shouldn’t suppose to put glass in it. Where did you found out that you shouldn’t put glass there?

- I know that there’s a place out there, so I mentally prepared that I will put my glass there. And also, I don’t want to put the glass with normal, because some guys, or bin collector comes and they can be hurt, that’s another reason, that’s the main reason. What are the main things that you throw away?

- Sometimes it’s papers, or milk bottles and egg shells. And when you take it out, how do you do that? Do you use the gloves?

- No, I just pick the bag and just throw it. When you come back, do you wash hands?

- Sometimes, but not all the times. Do you find that place clean, well organized?

- It’s just one small (???) and you put it there. It’s not like you have lot of garbage and you put there, it’s a small tenner and you throw it there, I don’t know what’s happening after. Do you know if at your place it’s possible to separate organic waste?

- I don’t know. When you moved in where did you found the information about the garbage? - I just saw the people, what they are doing. Nobody told me that you must do this and these. They just gave me the keys and that’s it. Do you know what happens afterwards with the garbage?

- No, I’m actually, I’m not sure. I was thinking that people that collect the garbage just throw it far away in the field - Also, we have a place, where you can put the things that are in good condition, like a chair. And people can take it. If you would have the possibility to change, would you change the things how you throw out, or how the things are, trash bins, as example metal?

- I’m not sure about metal one. They have down there, but not oftenly I can use. That’s why I don’t think about these ones because in the daily routine I don’t use it. But if you would have the possibility to change something in the system, would you change something?

- I don’t think so. Do you have some house meetings?

- Yes, once in a three months. But the thing is that the meeting takes place in the evening. And I am mostly at job at that time. I haven’t participate. When they have those meetings, do you receive any information after?

- No. Are you interested by yourself what has happened in the meeting or municipality?

- No, I don’t care. Do you plan to stay in Denmark?

- Yes, hopefully. For nearest future my plan is to live here. And also in this municipality?

- If I stay in Denmark then not just this municipality but also in this house. Because I like the place. Do you know people that sort the garbage?

- I don’t know, anyone, but also I am very limited in my friendships. So…but at job we do this because we got a letter from the commune so we strictly do this. Would you do this if will be really set by the rules that you have to do it, by municipality?

- Might be I’m gonna think about this. But the things to sort out, it’s not what I common use. I use it once in a month maybe. Common used are leftovers, fruits and all this. But if the municipality will provide and say you have to

- Definitely, then we might think about that. If the municipality will put a container outside separately for food waste, will you carry it out separately, food waste? - It’s difficult and takes time. At job it’s other thing, but at home it’s not possible to follow all the time, because it’s hurry, no time. Would it be possible if the municipality will provide you with a specific container in your house for food waste?

- Yes, then it’s possible. Do you know who takes care about the main containers down there?

- I’m not sure, my personal opinion is that the house association takes care of all this. Do you know when they are emptied?

- I’m not sure about those ones (outside ones), but these (pipes) once in a week. I saw then couple of times, Particularly once a week they come and collect the garbage in the bin down there. Did it happened that you cannot throw the garbage?

- No, because it’s a tunnel there, we throw it but we cannot know what happens down there! What can make you sort, or think about sorting besides municipality is bringing you a container here?

- No, I haven’t thought about that. Do you know what is biogas?

- I’ve heard about it but don’t have knowledge about. I know that it’s made by the waste of animals. There’s a possibility to make biogas from your household waste.

- Not sure about that, first time heard about it. That’s the point that your municipality wants to enroll and collect household waste and transform into the biogas. Biogas is used for the cars to run, heating system, energy. Do you think it can change you to think?

- Yes, yes, might be. I didn’t knew about it, but if commune will gonna say that we’ll going to use it for this purpose maybe I’m going to think about that. Do you need to get some benefits from that? Or it’s ok if just municipality gets the biogas?

- No, no. Do you think that if you would know all the cycle and how it’s happening after, will help you to start sorting?

- Yes, some point might be. Would you like to get that information? To get it how, on the package or garbage bins?

- I don’t care about it. I just throw it and that’s it. I don’t care about what it’s written on package because it’s Danish and I don’t understand. What does it means sustainability for you?

- Elaborate it, I couldn’t understand! I haven’t heard that word. Have you heard that we have to take care about the environment, for the sake of next generations because we are consuming too much and the planet is overpopulated, and we are running out. And it’s too much plastic.

- Yes, I’ve heard about it but I’m not thinking too much about all this things. But when I’m telling all these things, what are the first associations?

- Nothing special, it’s the first time somebody asks me about this. Do you think you have to think about it?

- I don’t care about it. Growing up in Pakistan, did you see something different in sorting the waste or how your parents are doing it?

- In Pakistan is another thing. Denmark is a developed country and Pakistan is underdeveloped country. People don’t have awareness about this. Example how happens?

- Here you have points where people come and collect. There you can throw everywhere. There are people who collect but government have to pay them. So, it’s there garbage on the streets?

- Yes! Where are they taking the garbage?

- Government is doing lot of things. They have a contract with a Turkish company to come and collect. But this is in the big city. But living in a village, if as example you are living in a house, and there’s lot of houses, and there’s a place that it’s empty, people will just throw there. So, it’s landfill. In Denmark they can turn it to biogas, incinerate, or landfill.

- Big companies are finding a place out, like 30 km from the city and they are just dumping it there. In England the system is similar like in Denmark?

- It’s a little bit different. They give you 2-3 bins. Mostly they have house system. So you have 2-3 bins, not in the kitchen, outside. Every house have garden or backyard. Blue, green and another one. For the glass, cardboard and for normal you have the black bin. On Wednesday the people for black bin comes and take it, so, on the night we are taking it outside. People from the council coming to take it. So, there are also a tax for this. I used to live in Derby council and I need to pay the tax every month. It’s 60, 70 pound for this service. Here in Denmark I don’t know if there’s some tax. I’m not sure if the garbage is taken by commune. Do you follow your consumption of electricity, or other measurements?

- Every 3 months we got a bill for electricity. Whatever is coming I just pay. At the end of the year we have to tell them and they will see if I paid too much. Heating?

- Heating and water is included in the rent. Have you counted or doing any kind of measurements? Footprints?

- I am worried just about my weight. Maybe also about the salary? - That’s another thing. I just try to loose my weight. Use a smartphone?

- Going to swimming, 5 minutes walk. And we have a scale. Climate change.

- I’ve heard. About the G8 meeting and all this. But I’m not interested in this. Do you think that your things what you are doing daily can impact it?

- I don’t think so. If I would have a diesel car, I can stop using it. I can buy a less pollution car, like petrol or something else. So I don’t think I can help to reduce the world environment. How important it’s for you the environment where you are living? I mean outside where you live.

- That’s very important. That’s most important. There’s also a field there, I am going in the morning, have a walk. Really good, nice field there. This is one reason I don’t want to move from here. There’s fresh air and we have a small hill. Yeah, that’s very important for me. You mentioned that in Pakistan they are throwing the garbage everywhere, and how important is the environment here?

- It’s very important, for hygiene and for hygiene of the other people. It’s very important that they clean and all this staff, take care of the environment. Are you ready to contribute to this clean environment outside?

- I am not sure how I’m going to contribute to this. Have you been in any of the recycling plants?

- Yes, back in England. Because sometime I worked for security. And there was one recycling plant and I was going for security. What they were doing it?

- They have big machineries; I don’t know what they are doing with the garbage. First of all they are sorting the cola things, metal things, plastic things and the normal garbage. For the metal garbage they make a big pile, and for cardboard and plastic they are also doing big piles. For the plastic they are crushing it. For the steal they are crushing it, because there are huge machineries. I don’t know what they are doing after that. But the place it’s very dirty. There are mice. And there are big trucks coming and taking it, but where are they putting I’m not sure. DRAWING.

DRAWING 1

- Let’s say, now I am just putting in the normal trash, I don’t know what they are doing after that. But if they bring you a container for organic waste, what is going to happen?

- I can use that one, the commune gave me some container, commune take it to some plan where they can separate which is going to biogas and then they give it to biogas where they make it. And what happens after?

- Is for normal households, they can use it for that one. DRAWING 2

- First of all is me, and then commune people, who are collecting the garbage, sorting out, who is sorting out. In my assumption, I am using it, then is taken by commune people, commune people are sorting it and then is given to biofuel, and biofuel is not commune people, and they are making biofuel from it and giving to commune or people. So you think is going like a

- Circle. I think at the end I am the beneficiary of this.