An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and Tertiary Institutions in Sierra Leone By Mohamed N. Conteh An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book is written with three categories of people in mind: Election managers who will use it as a reference guide in the performance of their election related duties. Lecturers and students in tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone teaching or taking the Diploma course in Election Administration and Civic Education, organized by the Institute of Electoral Administration and Civic Education (INEACE), in collaboration with the University of Makeni (UNIMAK) in Sierra Leone. Stakeholders in the electoral process and the general reader. The book provides a detailed survey and readable account, in a single volume, on Sierra Leone’s historical, political and electoral developments from colonial days to the present day and Election Administration in general, using the most extensive research materials. This single volume thus presents the reader with the most up-to date and authoritative information on major aspects of Sierra Leone’s electoral process and Election Administration in general. The book is divided into two major parts: part one (1) deals with the historical context and general considerations on the country’s electoral process. It explores the historical, political and related electoral developments in Sierra Leone; particularly the development of political parties, the history of elections conducted in the country from 1951 to 2008 and the body responsible for conducting them (NEC). Local governance structures related to decentralized local governance, are also discussed in detail. Part two (2) treats in detail all aspects related to the management of elections (i.e. Election Administration). In other words, all the major tasks connected with the actual conduct of Presidential, Parliamentary and Local government elections are discussed in detail e.g. the demarcation of electoral boundaries (constituencies and wards), voter registration, candidate nominations, polling day activities, including the announcement of results. This humble piece of academic work, comprising major aspects of Sierra Leone’s experiment with electoral democracy (including the challenges) and the best practices in the administration of credible elections in a single volume, will no doubt serve as a useful guide to election managers, students of Election Administration in tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone, stakeholders in the electoral process, both international and local NGOs with interest in the conduct of credible democratic elections. Hardly any one writes a book of this kind all alone. In this regard, I owe a lot of gratitude to all those accomplished writers and institutions whose works formed the basis of research in the writing of this book. I wish specifically to mention the following (out of many of them whose names regrettably I am unable to mention here): C. Magbaily Fyle, Professor of History, formally of Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone; Dr. Joe A.D. Alie, Associate Professor and formally Head of Department of African Studies, Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone; Carl .W. Dundas, formally of the Commonwealth Secretariat; Kwadwo Afari-Gyan, current Chair of the Electoral Commission of Ghana; International Organizations like the UNDP Sierra Leone Country Office, International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) and the International IDEA. Page 1 of 203 An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. I am also grateful to the Board members, management and staff of the National Electoral Commission of Sierra Leone (especially Ansu Bangura and Michael Kamara who typed the manuscripts) for their support and encouragement in the writing of this book. This work would indeed not have been possible without the support of the Chief Electoral Commissioner, Dr. Christiana Thorpe, and my Colleague Commissioners. Special thanks go to my wife, Agnes Conteh, and children (Fatima, Aisha and Hawa Conteh), who missed my company for most of the time whilst I was busy writing in the office. Additional thanks also go to Ansu Bangura, my personal Assistant; Mark Sesay, my driver and Abdulai Kargbo my Security; all of whom patiently waited whilst I spent long hours in the office after official hours. The views expressed in this book are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the policy of the National Electoral Commission of Sierra Leone (NEC/SL) or any other institution mentioned in the book. Efforts have been made to acknowledge copyright materials, but where inadvertently this is not done, the author will be willing to do so at the earliest opportunity. Mohamed N’fah-Alie Conteh, Electoral Commissioner, National Electoral Commission, State Avenue, OAU Drive, Freetown, Republic of Sierra Leone Email: [email protected] Cell # +232-76-638-675 April, 2013 Page 2 of 203 An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. Acronyms AAEA - Association of African Election Authorities ADEO - Assistant District Electoral Officer AFRC - Armed Forces Revolutionary Council APC - All Peoples Congress BD - Boundary Delimitation BEAC- Basic Electoral Administration Course BRIDGE - Building Resources In Democracy, Governance and Elections CEC/Chair - Chief Electoral Commissioner and Chairperson DEO - District Electoral Officer DFID - Department for International Development (British) EC - Electoral Commission EC - European Commission ECONEC - ECOWAS Network of Electoral Commissions ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States ELA, 2002 - Electoral Laws Act, 2002 EMB - Electoral Management Body EOC - Elections Offences Court ERSG - Executive Representative of the (UN) Secretary General EU - European Union FVR- Final Voters Register GoSL - Government of Sierra Leone HRMO - Human Resource Management Office (formerly Establishment Secretary‟s office) I.e. - id est. -“that is” Ibid - Ibidem i.e. „in the same place‟/work as quoted above‟ IDEA - Institute for Democratic Electoral Assistance. IFES - International Foundation for Election Systems. INEACE - Institute of Electoral Administration and Civic Education. INEC - Interim National Electoral Commission INGO - International Non Governmental Organization IT - Information Technology JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency Page 3 of 203 An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. LGA, 2004 - Local Government Act, 2004 LPA - Lome Peace Agreement MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies MIALGRD - Ministry of Internal Affairs, Local Government and Rural Development MoFED - Ministry of Finance and Economic Development MoU - Memorandum of Understanding NEC - National Electoral Commission NEC Act, 2002 - National Electoral Commission Act, 2002 NGO - Non Governmental Organization NPRC - National Provisional Ruling Council ONS - Office of National Security Op.cit - “Opere citato” – „‟in the work cited‟‟ (some where in this monograph) PC - Paramount Chieftaincy/Chief PEA-2012 Public Elections Act, 2012 PPRC - Political Parties Registration Commission RUF- Revolutionary United Front SLP - Sierra Leone Police SLPP - Sierra Leone Peoples Party SRSG - Special Representative of the (UN) Secretary General UMANSIL - United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone UN - United nations UNDP - United Nations Development Programme USAID - United States Aid VR - Voter Registration WANEP- West Africa Network for Peace building Page 4 of 203 An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. CONTENTS PART ONE: HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SIERRA LEONE’S ELECTORAL PROCESS CHAPTER 1: Historical Context CHAPTER 2: A short history of the Electoral Commission of Sierra Leone CHAPTER 3: Features and Legal Framework of Sierra Leone’s Electoral Process CHAPTER 4: Political Parties In Sierra Leone: 1950 – 2012 CHAPTER 5: History of Elections In Sierra Leone: 1951-2008 CHAPTER 6: Decentralization And Local Government In Sierra Leone PART TWO:-ELECTIONS ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER 7: Introduction to Electoral Administration CHAPTER 8: Introduction to Electoral Management Bodies CHAPTER 9: Introduction to Electoral Systems CHAPTER 10: Electoral Boundaries Delimitation CHAPTER 11: Franchise and Voter Registration Process CHAPTER 12: Candidate Nominations Process CHAPTER 13: Polling Process GLOSSARY OF SELECTED TERMS REFERENCES Page 5 of 203 An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. PART ONE HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON SIERRA LEONE’S ELECTORAL PROCESS Page 6 of 203 An Introduction to Election Administration for Election Managers and tertiary institutions in Sierra Leone: by M.N. Conteh. CHAPTER 1 HISTORIACL CONTEXT Overview of Historical and Political Developments Introduction: This chapter provides only the basic, but important general information on major aspects of Sierra Leone’s development from a Colony to an independent and sovereign state (e.g. its history, social, political and economic developments). Location/Geography: Sierra Leone is situated on the west coast of Africa (between 6th and 10th degree