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Anuario Internacional CIDOB 2008 Claves Para Interpretar La Política Exterior Española Y Las Relaciones Internacionales En Anuario Internacional CIDOB 2008 Claves para interpretar la Política Exterior Española y las Relaciones Internacionales en 2007 Observatorio electoral internacional 2007 (+34) 93 302 6495 - Fax. (+34) 93 302 2118 - [email protected] - [email protected] 302 2118 93 Fax. (+34) - 302 6495 93 (+34) - Calle Elisabets, 12 - 08001 Barcelona, España - Tel. España 08001 Barcelona, 12 - - Calle Elisabets, Fundación CIDOB Observatorio electoral internacional 2007 Se recogen en este capítulo los resultados de las eleccio- ARGENTINA nes presidenciales y legislativas que han tenido lugar en ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES 2007 en estados independientes. Si son políticamente sig- 28 de octubre de 2007 nificativas, pueden constar también las convocatorias de Anteriores: 27 de abril y 18 de mayo de 2003 referéndum y las elecciones celebradas en entidades con República presidencialista. El presidente es elegido para ejercer autonomía o en otros territorios relevantes en el escenario un mandato de cuatro años. En este caso solamente se celebra internacional. una vuelta al obtener la primera candidatura más de 10 puntos de ventaja sobre la segunda o más del 45% de los votos. ARGELIA Candidatos % ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS 17 de mayo de 2007 Cristina Fernández de Kírchner Anteriores: 30 de mayo de 2002 (Alianza Frente para la Victoria) 44,9 República semipresidencialista. Legislativo bicameral. 389 Elisa M. A. Carrió (Confederación Coalición Cívica) 22,9 escaños a cubrir en la Asamblea Nacional (al-Majlis al-Sha’abi al- Roberto Lavagna (Alianza Concertación Watani/Assemblé Populaire Nationale) por cinco años median- Una Nación Avanzada) 16,8 te representación proporcional en circunscripciones plurinomi- Alberto Rodríguez Saa nales. 7 escaños están reservados para los residentes en el (Alianza Frente de Justicia, Unión y Libertad) 7,7 extranjero. Las elecciones son boicoteadas por el Frente de Fernando Pino Solanas (Partido Socialista Auténtico) 1,6 Fuerzas Socialistas (FFS, socialdemócrata bereber). El siste- Jorge Omar Sobisch ma de derechos civiles y políticos del país no es libre, según (Movimiento para las Provincias Unidas) 1,5 Freedom House. Ricardo López Murphy (Recrear para el Crecimiento) 1,4 Participación: 71,8% Partidos % escaños ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS Frente de Liberación Nacional 28 de octubre de 2007 (FLN, socialista) 23,1 136 Anteriores: 23 de octubre de 2005 Agrupación Nacional Democrática República presidencialista con legislativo bicameral. El Congreso (RND, autoritario) 10,3 61 de la Nación lo forman el Senado y la Cámara de Diputados. El Movimiento por la Sociedad Senado se compone de 72 miembros, que reciben un mandato por la Paz (MSP) 9,7 52 de seis años y que son elegidos –un tercio de ellos cada dos Independientes 9,9 33 años– mediante sistema mayoritario en circunscripciones de Partido de los Trabajadores (PT, socialista) 5,1 26 tres escaños para ejercer mandatos de seis años. La Cámara Agrupación por la Cultura y de Diputados se renueva parcialmente cada dos años y tiene la Democracia (RCD) 3,4 19 257 miembros elegidos mediante sistema electoral de repre- Frente Nacional Argelino (FNA) 4,2 13 sentación proporcional. Se escogen 24 senadores y 130 esca- Movimiento Nacional por la Naturaleza ños. Entre paréntesis se muestra el total de diputados. y el Desarrollo (MNND) 2 7 Movimiento Ennahda 3,4 5 Cámara de Diputados Movimiento por la Juventud Partidos escaños y la Democracia (MJD) 2,3 5 Partido de la Renovación Argelina (PAR) 1,8 4 Alianza Frente para la Victoria (FV) 62 (129) Movimiento de la Alianza Nacional (MEN) 2,1 4 Confederación Coalición Cívica (ARI-GEN-UP) 15 (18) Alianza Nacional Republicana (ANR) 2,2 4 Unión Cívica Radical (UCR, centrista) 12 (24) Movimiento Islah (MI) 2,5 3 Grupo de la Coordinación 8 (10) Movimiento El Infitah (MEI) 2,5 3 Partido Socialista (PS) 5 (10) Frente Nacional de Independientes Propuesta Republicana (PRO) 5 (9) para la Concordia (FNDC) 2 3 Encuentro Popular y Social 4 (4) Otros (7 partidos con 2 o menos escaños) 11,6 11 Frente Cívico por Santiago 4 (6) Participación: 35,5% Frente Justicia Unión y Libertad 3 (6) 141 ARI Autónomo 3 (9) senadores elegidos en las circunscripciones de los estados Unión Cielo Azul y Blanco 2 (4) federados reciben un mandato de seis años; mientras que Otros partidos con 1 o menos escaños 7 (25) los elegidos en territorios no estatales se renuevan cada tres. En esta ocasión se eligen un total de 40 senadores. Senado Partidos escaños Cámara de Representantes Partidos % escaños Alianza Frente para la Victoria (FV) 5 (11) Partido Justicialista (PJ, conservador) 2 (2) Partido Laborista Australiano Frente Cívico por Santiago 2 (2) (ALP, socialdemócrata) 43,4 83 Afirmación para una República Igualitaria 2 (2) Partido Liberal de Australia Frente Justicialista Chaco 2 (2) (LPA, conservador) 36,6 55 Frente Justicialista para una Alianza Victoriosa 2 (2) Partido Nacional de Australia Otros partidos con 1 o menos escaños 9 (48) (NPA, conservador) 5,5 10 Participación: 71,8% Independientes 2,2 2 ARMENIA Senado ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS Partidos escaños 12 de mayo de 2007 Anteriores: 25 de mayo de 2003 Partido Laborista Australiano República presidencialista con Parlamento unicameral. Se (ALP, socialdemócrata) 18 elige con un sistema electoral mixto la composición de la Partido Liberal de Australia Asamblea Nacional (Azgayin Zhoghov). Del total de 131 (LPA, conservador) 15 escaños, 41 son elegidos mediante circunscripciones uni- Verdes Australianos (AG, ecologista) 3 nominales y 90 mediante representación proporcional. Los Partido Nacional de Australia (NPA, conservador) 2 partidos han de recabar un mínimo del 5% de los sufragios Partido Liberal del País (CLP) 1 para obtener representación en la cámara. Los mandatos No afiliados 1 son de cinco años. La misión de observación electoral de la Participación: 94,7% OSCE denuncia algunas inconsistencias con las regulaciones establecidas y déficit de las mejores prácticas electorales BAHAMAS durante el conteo y la tabulación de votos, pero se afirma ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS que tales irregularidades no influyen en el resultado total de 2 de mayo de 2007 la votación. El sistema de derechos civiles y políticos del país Anteriores: 2 de mayo de 2002 es parcialmente libre, según Freedom House. Monarquía parlamentaria (la jefatura de Estado recae en la corona británica, que nombra a un gobernador encargado Partidos escaños formalmente de la designación del primer ministro y de los miembros del Senado). Parlamento bicameral constituido Partido Republicano de Armenia (NHK) 65 por el Senado (Senate, 16 miembros) y por la Cámara de la Partido Armenia Próspera (BHK) 25 Asamblea (House of Assembly). Se escogen mediante voto COYUNTURA INTERNACIONAL: POLÍTICA INTERNACIONAL,Federación DE SEGURIDAD Y MEDIO AMBIENTE Revolucionaria de Armenia popular directo y por un período de cinco años los 41 miem- (Dashnak, socialdemócrata) 16 bros de la Cámara de la Asamblea. Partido Tierra de Ley (Orinants Erkir) 9 Independientes 8 Partidos % escaños 2008 Partido Herencia (Zharangutiun) 7 Partido Dashink 1 Movimiento Nacional Libre Participación: 59,9% (FNM, conservador) 49,8 23 Partido Liberal Progresista (PLP) 47 18 AUSTRALIA Participación: 91,3% ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS 24 de noviembre de 2007 BÉLGICA Anteriores: 9 de octubre de 2004 ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS Monarquía parlamentaria federal cuya jefatura de Estado 10 de junio de 2007 recae en la corona británica. Legislativo bicameral. La Cáma- Anteriores: 18 de mayo de 2003 ra de Representantes (House of Representatives) tiene 150 Monarquía parlamentaria federal. El Parlamento tiene miembros con mandato de tres años y es elegida mediante dos cámaras: la Cámara de Representantes (Kamer van sistema electoral mayoritario con circunscripciones unino- Volksvertegenwoordigers/Chambre des Représentants/ minales. El Senado (Senate) tiene 76 miembros elegidos en Abgeordnetenkammer) y el Senado (Senaat/Sénat/Senat). ANUARIO INTERNACIONAL CIDOB circunscripciones plurinominales territoriales y estatales. Los La primera cuenta con 150 escaños elegidos mediante 142 representación proporcional. En el Senado, 40 de sus Partidos escaños miembros son elegidos directamente por los ciudadanos mediante representación proporcional, 21 son nombrados Fuerzas Cauris para un Benín Emergente (FCBE) 35 por los Consejos de Comunidad (Parlamentos de las regio- Alianza para una Democracia Dinámica (ADD) 20 nes federadas) y los 10 restantes son designados por los Partido de Renovación Democrática (PRD) 10 senadores elegidos en esos procesos. Los mandatos son de Fuerza Clave (FC) 4 cuatro años. Unión para el Relevo (UPR) 3 Unión Nacional para la Democracia Cámara de Representantes y el Progreso (UNDP) 2 Partidos % escaños Fuerza Esperanza (FE) 2 Coalición para un Benín Emergente (CBE) 2 Democristianos y Flamencos- Alianza para la Renovación (AR) 2 Nueva Alianza Flamenca (CD&V, Alianza de las Fuerzas de Progreso (AFP) 1 democristianos flamencos / N-VA) 18,5 30 Partido para la Solidaridad y el Progreso Social (PDPS) 1 Movimiento Reformista (MR, liberal) 12,5 23 Restaurar la Esperanza (RE) 1 Partido Socialista (PS, social- Participación: 58,7% demócratas francófonos) 10,8 20 Liberal-Demócratas Flamencos BERMUDA (REINO UNIDO) (VLD, conservador liberal) 11,8 18 ELECCIONES LEGISLATIVAS Interés Flamenco (VB) 12 17 18 de diciembre de 2007 Partido Socialprogresista Alternativo / Anteriores: 24 de julio de 2003 OBSERVATORIO ELECTORAL INTERNACIONAL 2007 Spirit (SPA-Spirit, socialdemócrata) 10,2 14 Territorio británico de ultramar. Legislatura bicameral. Se cele-
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