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Eocene; California, Mexico): a Synonym of Lyrischapa Aldrich (Eocene; Gulf Coast)

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Eocene; California, Mexico): a Synonym of Lyrischapa Aldrich (Eocene; Gulf Coast) THE GASTROPOD GENUS VOLUTOCRISTATA GARDNER AND BOWLES (EOCENE; CALIFORNIA, MEXICO): A SYNONYM OF LYRISCHAPA ALDRICH (EOCENE; GULF COAST) CHARLES R. GIVENS EARTH SCIENCE DEPARTMENT NICHOLLS STATE UNIVERSITY THIBODAUX , LOUISIANA ABSTRACT Eocene of southern Mexico (Chiapas prov­ The volutid gastropod genus Volutocris­ mce). Examination of published ill ustra­ tata Gardner and Bowles, described from tions of Lyrischapa and Volutocristata re­ the Eocene of Mexico and California is veals tha t both taxa possess a distinctive shown to be a synonym of the monot;pic Conus-like shape, with prominent periph­ Gulf Coast Eocene genus Lyrischapa Al­ e ral spines. Their most apparent difference drich. As here expanded, the genus Lyri­ IS s1ze ; figured specimens of Volutocristata schapa includes at least three species, are more than twice as large as those of each of which characterizes middle Eo­ Lyrischapa. cene strata within a different region of Recent collecting in the Cook Mountain North America: L. harrisi Aldrich, the Formation of ea~tern Mississippi has re­ type species, in the Gulf Coast region of sulted in the discovery of several addition­ the southeastern United States; L. chiapa­ al specime ns of the monotype species Lyr­ sensis (Gardner and Bowles), in southern tschapa harrisi Aldrich, including speci­ Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico side of the mens much larger than the holotype and continental divide; and L. lajollaensis comparable in size to those of Volutocri­ (Hanna), on the Pacific Coast. stata. Comparison of these new specimens The ancestry and place of origin of Lyri­ of Lyrischapa with those of Volutocristata schapa are unknown. The geographic dis­ (including types) reveals that, in addition tribution of the genus suggests an immedi­ to similar shape, these taxa also share ate center of dispersal in the Caribbean other morphological attributes including: a region. It may have evolved in that region bulbous, paucispiral, deviated protoconch; or it may be an immigrant from the Tethy­ a high, narrow aperture with subparallel an paleobiogeographic province. Dispersal margins and a posterior exhalent sinus of Lyrischapa to the Pacific Coast was above the shoulder; an externally varicose probably by way of a narrow seaway con­ and slightly everted outer lip; numerous nection across southern Central America deep-seated columellar folds, strongest an­ or northwestern South America. teriorly; and a shallow siphonal notch, with a correspondingly weak fasciole . Dif­ ferences between these taxa are largely in INTRODUCTION- the degree of development of these attri­ Lyrischapa and Volutocristata are simi­ butes. The close morphological similarity lar but poorly known volutid taxa that between Lyrischapa and Volutocristata have been described from Eocene strata leads me to conclude that they are con­ in widely separated regions of North generic. On the basis of priority, Lyri­ America. Lyrischapa was erected by Al­ schapa is retained as the proper generic drich (1911) as a monotypic genus from name for this distinctive group of volutid middle Eocene deposits (Cook Mountain gastropods. Formation) in eastern Mississippi. Until re­ Although Lyrischapa and Volutocristata cently, this genus has been known from are considered congeneric, the species only two small specimens (P almer, 1937, p. that have been assigned to these taxa ap­ 399). Volutocristata was proposed by Gard­ pear to be distinct from one another. Ac­ ner and Bowles (1934) to include two simi­ cordingly, the genus Lyrischapa, as here lar volutid species: Plejona lajollaensis constituted, includes three known species, Hanna from the middle Eocene ("Domen­ each of which characterizes middle Eo­ gine Stage") of southern California; and cene strata within a different region of North America (text figure 1): L. harrisi Volutocristata chiapasensis Gardner and Aldrich, in the Gulf coastal plain of the Bowles, the type species, from the middle Iii 118 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 15 graphic province. Other mollusks with Tethyan affinities have been recognized in the Eocene faunas of the Caribbean region (Palmer, 1967). Entrance of Lyrischnpa into the Pacific Coast region of North America was probably by way of a narrow seaway connection across southern Cen­ tral America (Costa Rica, Panama) or northwestern South America (the Atrato trough of western Columbia). Narrow sea­ ways apparently existed across this region during much of the Tertiary period (Olsson, 1932, p. 51-58; Nygren, 1950; Woodring, 1966). e Occurrences of lyrischapo 1. L. harrhi 2. l. chiapasensis SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 3, 4. l. lajollaen1i1 Phylum MOLLUSCA Class GASTROPODA Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA Text figure 1. Geographic distribution of Order NEOGASTROPODA Lyrischnpa. Family VOLUTIDAE Subfamily FULGORARIINAE Pilsbry southeastern United States; L. chiapasen­ and Olsson, 1954 sis (Gardner and Bowles), in southern Genus LYRISCHAPA Aldrich, 1911 Mexico on the Gulf of Mexico side of the Lyrischnpa ALDRICH, 1911, Bulls. Amer. Pa­ continental divide; and L. lajollaensis leontology, v. 5, no. 22, p. 11. Type species (Hanna), on the Pacific Coast. (by monotypy): Lyrischapa harrisi Aldrich. Volutocristata GARDNER and BOWLES, 1934, The ancestry and place of origin of Lyri­ Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour., v. 24 , no. 6, p. 245. schnpa are unknown. The geographic dis­ Type species (by original designation): Volut­ tribution of the genus suggests an immedi­ ocristata chiapasensis Gardner and Bowles. ate center of dispersal within the Carib­ Diagnosis: Large, obconical volutid shells with bean region. Perhaps Lyrischnpa evolved a low, coeloconoid spire; prominent per~pher al from an unknown ancestor in the Carib­ spines; a bulbous, paucispiral, deviated proto­ conch; a high, narrow aperture with subparallel bean region during Paleocene or early Eo­ margins and a posterior exhalent sinus above cene time and subsequently spread north­ the shoulder; an externally varicose and slightly ward during the middle Eocene. Alterna­ everted outer lip; numerous deep-seated colu­ tively, the genus may be an immigrant mellar folds, strongest anteriorly; and a shallow from the Old World Tethyan paleobiogeo- siphonal notch, which forms a weak fasciole. PLATE 1 (all figures x 2) Figures 1-3. Lyrischnpa harrisi Aldrich ........................................... 120 1. PRI 2355 (holotype); height 18 mm, diameter 10 rnm (copied from Palmer, 1937, pl. 57, fi gs. 1, 2). Locality: Three and a half miles south of Quitman, Mississippi. Cook Moun­ tain Formation, upper middle Eocene. 2. MSGS-02; height (almost complete) 20.5 mm, diameter 11.2 mm. Locality: TU 907. Cook Mountain Formation, upper middle Eocene. 3. MSGS-01; height (incomplete) 40.3 mm, diameter (slightly compressed) 24.7 rnm. Locality: TU 907. Cook Mountain Formation, upper middle Eocene. No.4 Volutocristata, Synonym of Lyrischapa 119 3c PLATEl 120 Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology Vol. 15 Discussion: Reference of Lyrischapa to ceding whorl. Siphonal notch shallow, forming the subfamily Fulgorariinae is based upon a weak fascicle. its bulbous, paucispiral, deviated proto­ Dimensions of holotype: height 18 rnm, diam­ conch; numerous columellar folds; and eter 10 mm. Holotype: Paleontological Research Institu­ shallow siphonal notch, with a correspond­ tion (PRJ) no. 2355. ingly weak fasciole. Type locality: "Three and a half miles south of Quitman, Mississippi" (Aldrich, 1911, p. 11). Other localities: Four and a half miles south­ LYRISCHAPA HARRIS! Aldrich west from Enterprise, Clarke County, Mississip­ Plate 1, figs. 1-3; Plate 2, figs. 1a, 1b pi (Palmer and Brann, 1966, p. 744); TU 907; TU 924. Lyria ? sp. DALL, 1890, p. 69, pl. 6, fig. 5a. Occurrence: Cook Mountain Formation, east­ Vol uta ? sp. ind. DALL, 1890, p. 77, 90, pl. 6, ern Mississippi; late middle Eocene. fig. 5a. Figured specimens: PRI 2355 (holotype); Lyrischapa harrisi ALDRICH, 1911, p. 11, pl. 4, MSGS-01, MSGS-02, locality TU 907; PRJ 30014, fig. 8. PALMER, 1937, p. 399, pl. 57, figs. 1, 2. locality TU 924. Unfigured specimen: PRJ 30015, PALMER and BRANN, 1966, p. 744. locality TU 924. Material examined: Six speci­ Diagnosis: A Lyrischapa with a large, strong- mens, including two apical fragments. ly deviated protoconch; acute peripheral spines; is distin­ a wide concave ramp above the shoulder; wide­ Discussion: Lyrischapa harrisi ly and almost equally spaced columellar folds, guished from the other two known species which diminish regularly in size posteriorly; of the genus by a larger protoconch, more and a thin parietal callus, which does not ex­ rapidly expanding whorls, a broader sub­ tend above the suture with the preceding whorl. sutural area above the shoulder, evenly Description: Large, obconical, strongly shoul­ spaced columellar folds, and a thinner dered, with acute peripheral spines and a wide parietal callus that does not extend above gently concave ramp. Spire low, coeloconoid. the suture with the preceding whorl. The Protoconch large, bulbous, smooth, strongly deviated, of two or two and one-half whorls, tip peripheral spines are shorter than those of slightly immersed. Post-nuclear whorls four, L. lajollaensis and the ramp is wider and rapidly expanding, each succeeding whorl en­ more gently sloping. L. chiapasensis has a veloping the preceding almost to the shoulder. narrow shelf rather than a ramp above the Early post-nuclear whorls ornamented with 11 shoulder, blunt rather than acute periph­ to 15 strong costae, which gradually develop eral spines, and a more depressed spire.
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