DOCSLIB.ORG

Biodiversity of Nekton in Batangtoru River and Its Tributaries in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Biodiversity of Nekton in Batangtoru River and Its Tributaries in North Sumatra, Indonesia BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 6, June 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 2344-2352 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210602 Biodiversity of nekton in Batangtoru River and its tributaries in North Sumatra, Indonesia DESRITA1,♥, AHMAD MUHTADI1, RUSDI LEIDONALD1, RINA D’RITA SIBAGARIANG2, NURFADILLAH3 1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Prof A. Sofyan No. 3, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-61-8213236, email: [email protected] 2Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Riau. Jl. HR Soebrantas Km 12.5, Kampus Binawidya, Pekanbaru 28293, Riau, Indonesia 3Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala. Jl. Putroe Phang, Darussalam, Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Aceh, Indonesia Manuscript received: 26 February 2020. Revision accepted: 3 May 2020. Abstract. Desrita, Muhtadi A, Leidonald R, Sibagaring RD, Nurfadillah 2020. Biodiversity of nekton in Batangtoru River and its tributaries in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 2344-2352. Batangtoru River which flows from the Tapanuli highlands (i.e., Sipirok, Tarutung, Siborong-borong, and Silangit) to the southwestern Indian Ocean is an important habitat for aquatic organisms in the western region of North Sumatra. This research was done to provide basic data on biodiversity of aquatic organisms in Indonesia, especially North Sumatra. The study was conducted in July-August 2019. Nekton was captured using backpack electrofishing units (12 volts and 9 Amperes), traps, nets, and bamboo trap. This study found 68 nekton species, consisting of fish (57 species), crab (3), shrimp (6), lobster (1), and 1 freshwater turtle (1). In general, nekton found in the Batangtoru River and its tributaries are native and economically valuable fish (Tor and eel), including the newly discovered species, which was, Hemibagrus caveatus. Invasive fish found consisted of 6 species, i.e., Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis mossambicus, Oreochromis niloticus, Xiphophorus helleri, Hypostomus plecostomus, and Trichogaster pectoralis. The only invasive crustacean found was freshwater crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). Keywords: Baung suat, freshwater fish, Tapanuli INTRODUCTION crustaceans in the Cisadane watershed. Meanwhile, Suryono (2006) found 10 species of crabs in an estuary. Batangtoru watershed has an area of 303,181.82 ha Therefore, since Batangtoru River that flows across (North Sumatra Province Regional Spatial Plan 2017-2037) Tapanuli region is wide and long, it is necessary to conduct with the length of the main river of 174 km. The average a study on the condition of nekton habitat and biodiversity water flow of Batangtoru River is 106 m3s-1, with the in Batangtoru River and its tributaries. This can be used as minimum flow of 41.90 m3s-1 and the maximum flow of inventory data for various uses and management of 484 m3s-1 (PT. North Sumatra Hydro Energy 2016). Thus, Batangtoru watershed. However, the studies related to the Batangtoru watershed is the main ecosystem for biodiversity of nekton and macroinvertebrate in the conservation of water preservation in North Tapanuli and Batangtoru River are still rarely done. So far the studies South Tapanuli. This ecosystem is also an important habitat related to aquatic biodiversity have been conducted only by for the flora and fauna diversity in Tapanuli region, the Amdal Team from PT. North Sumatra Hydro Energy including aquatic organisms such as nekton (fish, shrimps, (2016). The team found only 10 species of fish and 9 and crabs). Because the river flowing from Tapanuli species of macroinvertebrates in Batangtoru River, which highlands (such as Sipirok, Tarutung, Siborong-borong, are considered low as Batangtoru River is large and long. and Silangit) to the southwestern Indian Ocean is an ideal Small sampling location (not spread evenly) and one-time habitat for aquatic organisms. As stated by Odum and sampling might have caused the low diversity found in that Barrett (2009) and Gordon et al. (2004), rivers and their study. As a comparison, studies in Wampu watershed by tributaries are highly suitable habitats for various types of Muhtadi et al. (2017) and Desrita et al. (2018) found at aquatic organisms including nekton. least 26 species of fish, 3 freshwater shrimps, and 1 Nekton is organisms that can swim and move actively, freshwater crab. The objective of this study was to provide such as fish, shrimps, amphibians, and large aquatic insects basic data on diversity of aquatic organisms in North (Welch 1954; Odum and Barrett 2009). Although shrimps Sumatra, Indonesia. and crabs tend to live at the bottom of the water, because of their ability to swim freely and against the flow, they can be categorized as nekton (Welch 1954; Odum and Barrett MATERIALS AND METHODS 2009). Kottelat et al. (1993) recorded that at least there are 1,300 freshwater fish species in Indonesia, most of which Study area are found in the river waters. Wowor et al. (2019) found 4 The sampling of nekton was done in Batangtoru River species of freshwater crabs and 23 species of native and its tributaries (Figure 1) which cover North Tapanuli, DESRITA et al. – Biodiversity of nekton in Batangtoru River 2345 South Tapanuli, and Mandailing Natal of North Sumatra Nekton samples were then photographed and preserved in Province, Indonesia. There were 34 observation stations, 10% formalin solution, labelled with local name of the fish, consisting of 4 points in downstream, 8 points in middle location/station, date of collection, collector's name, and stream, 5 stations in upstream, 9 stations in tributaries, and other information required. The identification was conducted 6 stations in sub tributaries. The sampling was conducted in in the Integrated Resource Management Laboratory, Faculty July-August 2019. of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia based on Kottelat et al. (1993), and fishbase.org, Procedures Wowor et al. (2004) and Wowor (2010) as references. Nekton was captured by-using backpack electrofishing units with 12 volts and 9 Amperes. This tool is very Data analysis effective for shallow waters such as rivers and tributaries. The diversity of nekton communities in waters was Electrofishing operations for each location were carried out determined using several indexes, i.e., the Shannon-Wiener along the two tributaries. The electrofishing operator diversity index (H'), evenness index (E), and dominance moved to the opposite direction of the river's current index (D) (Krebs 1989). Diversity index (H') was used to (moving upstream), and collected the fainting fish by-using get a mathematical representation of organism populations. hand nets and put them in a plastic bag or bucket. In It can simplify the information analysis of the individual of addition, nekton was also captured using traps and nets. each species in a community (Odum and Barrett 2009). Figure 1. Location of the Batangtoru Watershed. station 1 (1°17'21.45"N, 98°50'33.81"E), station 2 (1°17'26.07"N, 98°54'34.85"E), station 3 (1°19'43.58"N, 98°57'4.20"E), station 4 (1°19'16.51"N, 98°59'42.96"E), station 5 (1°28'43.46"N, 99° 4'5.31"E), station 6 (1°26'58.27"N, 99° 6'46.16"E), station 7 (1°27'13.3"N, 99°06'57.6"E), station 8 (1°35'14.6"N, 99°13'02.1"E), station 9 (1°34'25.60"N, 99°12'29.17"E), station 10 (1°32'15.06"N, 99° 9'42.17"E), station 11 (1°36'12.9"N, 99°18'18.8"E), station 12 (1°36'05.17"N, 99°18'23.60"E), station 13 (1°45'6.10"N, 99° 8'12.71"E), station 14 (1°45'24.98"N, 99° 8'17.88"E), station 15 (1°47'42.43"N, 99° 6'46.90"E), station 16 (1°47'46.13"N, 99° 6'39.21"E), station 17 (1°48'11.05"N, 99° 5'31.96"E), station 18 (1°51'8.72"N, 99° 5'0.51"E), station 19 (1°52'15.13"N, 99° 3'39.01"E), station 20 (1°51'52.21"N, 99° 2'48.77"E), station 21 (1°51'55.61"N, 99° 2'53.02"E), station 22 (1°59’4.73”N, 98°59’9.58”E), station 23 (1°59’4.09”N, 98°59’4.67”E), station 24 (1°58'46.53"N, 98°59'15.38"E), station 25 (1°59'4.49"N, 98°59'2.76"E), station 26 (2° 4'15.45"N, 98°56'21.35"E), station 27 (2° 4'37.69"N, 98°56'9.79"E), station 28 (2° 4'42.68"N, 98°56'19.88"E), station 29 (2°12'5.37"N, 98°52'47.31"E), station 30 (2°10'34.78"N, 98°57'4.13"E), station 31 (2° 2'52.65"N, 99° 6'0.05"E), station 32 (2° 5'56.25"N, 99° 6'10.91"E), station 33 (2° 8'53.97"N, 99° 4'6.08"E), station 34 (2°11'50.58"N 99° 2'11.13"E); and the detected sites 2346 BIODIVERSITAS 21 (6): 2344-2352, June 2020 Nekton diversity was calculated by using the diversity species). Shrimp group of the Family Palaemonidae is the index of Shannon and Wiener (1963) in Odum and Barrett second most found species in the Batangtoru watershed, (2009) with this formula: and at least 6 species were found in the research site. Fish H' =-( ∑ pi ln pi ) from the Family Bagridae became the third-largest after Whereas, Cyprinidae, with 5 species found. H’ : The diversity index, Studies on several rivers in Sumatra Island have shown ni : The number of individuals in the i th species, similar results, for example in the waters of the Bukit N : Total number of individuals, Tigapuluh Siberida area the Family Cyprinidae was found Pi : The ratio of individuals of species i to all as the main inhabitants with the largest population, individuals of all species.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Development Continuum: Change and Modernity in the Gayo Highlands of Sumatra, Indonesia a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
    The Development Continuum: Change and Modernity in the Gayo Highlands of Sumatra, Indonesia A thesis presented to the faculty of the Center for International Studies of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Matthew J. Minarchek June 2009 ©2009 Matthew J. Minarchek. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled The Development Continuum: Change and Modernity in the Gayo Highlands of Sumatra, Indonesia by MATTHEW J. MINARCHEK has been approved for the Center for International Studies by Gene Ammarell Associate Professor of Sociology and Anthropology Gene Ammarell Director, Southeast Asian Studies Daniel Weiner Executive Director, Center for International Studies 3 ABSTRACT MINARCHEK, MATTHEW J., M.A., June 2009, Southeast Asian Studies The Development Continuum: Change and Modernity in the Gayo Highlands of Sumatra, Indonesia (110 pp.) Director of Thesis: Gene Ammarell This thesis provides a 'current history' of development in the village of Aih Nuso in Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Development in the Leuser region began in the late 1800s whenthe Dutch colonial regime implemented large-scale agriculture and conservation projects in the rural communities. These continued into the 1980s and 1990s as the New Order government continued the work of the colonial regime. The top-down model of development used by the state was heavily criticized, prompting a move towards community-based participatory development in the later 1990s. This thesis examines the most recent NGO-led development project, a micro- hydro electricity system, in the village of Aih Nuso to elucidate the following: 1) The social, economic, and political impacts of the project on the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Analisis Kebijakan Introduksi Spesies Ikan Asing Di Perairan Umum Daratan Provinsi Aceh
    J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol. 1 No. 1 Tahun 2011 ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN INTRODUKSI SPESIES IKAN ASING DI PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN PROVINSI ACEH Z. A. Muchlisin Jurusan Budidaya Perairan, Koordinatorat Kelautan dan Perikanan, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111; Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh Email: [email protected] Diterima 1 September 2011 - Disetujui 11 Desember 2011 ABSTRAK Provinsi Aceh memiliki potensi perikanan perairan umum daratan yang besar dengan berbagai spesies lokal. Potensi ini belum sepenuhnya dimanfaatkan baik untuk perikanan tangkap maupun budidaya. Di sisi lain, tekanan terhadap perairan umum daratan semakin meningkat terutama disebabkan oleh kerusakan lingkungan, pencemaran, pemanasan global dan introduksi spesies ikan asing yang mengancam komunitas ikan lokal. Introduksi spesies ikan asing menjadi isu penting, baik di tataran global maupun lokal. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengadvokasi awal kebijakan introduksi spesies ikan asing di Provinsi Aceh. Untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas, kajian ini menggunakan studi kasus introduksi spesies ikan asing di Danau Laut Tawar. Kajian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif-eksploratif dan studi literatur sebagai basis kebijakan introduksi spesies ikan asing yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sebanyak sembilan spesies ikan asing telah ada diperairan Aceh. Dari jumlah tersebut, tujuh spesies diantaranya telah hadir di Danau Laut Tawar. Saat ini Pemerintah Provinsi Aceh belum memiliki kebijakan untuk mengatur introduksi spesies ikan asing ke perairan Aceh. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan ancaman terhadap spesies ikan lokal. Karena itu kebijakan berupa peraturan daerah yang mengatur hal tersebut sangat diperlukan. Kata Kunci: endemik, konservasi, depik dan Danau Laut Tawar Abstract: Policy Analysis of Introducing Alien Species of Fish in Inland Waters of Aceh Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Krueng Aceh Urgent Flood Control Project (I)
    Indonesia Krueng Aceh Urgent Flood Control Project (I) Report Date：October, 2002 Field Survey：None １．Project Profile and Japan’s ODA Loan Location Map of the Project River Mouth of Ache River 1.1 Background Krueng Aceh is a major river in the northern part of Sumatera Island with a length of 145 km and river basin area of 1,775 km2, that flows from Suekek Mount through Banda Aceh City toward the Malacca Straits. This river had flooded almost every year, causing significant damage in the Aceh Besar Regency Region (with population of 1.65 million in 1980), including Banda Aceh Municipal. Typically, the flooding covered an area of 25,000 ha, comprising 2,700 ha of residential area, 7,500 ha of paddy field and 4,100 ha of coconut plantations and shepherding meadows. This situation was caused by a limited river capacity -- 250 m3/sec, compared to the 5-year flood discharge (TR5) 1 of 1,300 m3/sec. Floods in 1953, 1971, 1978, 1983 and 1986 resulted in severe damage to local communities, and sometimes in loss of life. 1.2 Objectives To protect the city of Banda Aceh, located in the downstream reach of the Krueng Aceh River, from damage caused by recurrent five-year floods, by improving existing river channels in the section from the estuary to Indrapuri (43 km) and constructing of a new floodway (9.7 km). 1.3 Project Scope The overall project scope consists of two stages, as shown below. This project corresponds 1 The terms "5 year" and "50 year" floods are used to describe the estimated probability of a flood event happening in any given year.
    [Show full text]
  • Breakthrough
    BREAKTHROUGH April 16, 2005 - April 16, 2009 3 9I<8BK?IFL>? BREAKTHROUGH Thousands of Paths toward Resolution THE EXECUTING AGENCY OF REHABILITATION AND RECONSTRUCTION FOR ACEH AND NIAS (BRR NAD–NIAS) April 16, 2005 - April 16, 2009 Head Office Nias Representative Office Jakarta Representative Office Jl. Ir. Muhammad Thaher No. 20 Jl. Pelud Binaka KM. 6,6 Jl. Galuh ll No. 4, Kabayoran Baru Lueng Bata, Banda Aceh Ds. Fodo, Kec. Gunungsitoli Jakarta Selatan Indonesia, 23247 Nias, Indonesia, 22815 Indonesia, 12110 Telp. +62‑651‑636666 Telp. +62‑639‑22848 Telp. +62‑21‑7254750 Fax. +62‑651‑637777 Fax. +62‑639‑22035 Fax. +62‑21‑7221570 www.e‑aceh‑nias.org know.brr.go.id Advisor : Kuntoro Mangkusubroto Photography : Arif Ariadi Author : Eddy Purwanto Bodi Chandra Editor : Cendrawati Suhartono (Coordinator) Graphic Design : Bobby Haryanto (Chief) Gita Widya Laksmini Soerjoatmodjo Edi Wahyono Margaret Agusta (Chief) Priscilla Astrini Wasito Copy Editor : Ihsan Abdul Salam Final Reviewer : Aichida Ul‑Aflaha Writer : Eddie Darajat Heru Prasetyo Erwin Fahmi Maggy Horhoruw Intan Kencana Dewi Ratna Pawitra Trihadji Ita Fatia Nadia Ricky Sugiarto (Chief) Jamil Gunawan Teuku Roli Ilhamsyah Nur Aishyah Usman Waladi Nur Akbar Raden Pamekas Saifullah Abdulgani Syafiq Hasyim Vika Oktavia Yacob Ishadamy English Translation Editor : Linda Hollands Copy Editor : Margaret Agusta Translator : T. Ferdiansyah Thajib Oei Eng Goan Development of the BRR Book Series is supported by Multi Donor Fund (MDF) through United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Technical Assistance to BRR Project ISBN 978‑602‑8199‑49‑0 With this BRR Book Series, the Indonesian government, its people, and BRR wish to express their deep gratitude for the many kind helping hands extended from all over the world following the December 26, 2004 earthquake and tsunami in Aceh and the March 28, 2005 earthquake in the islands of Nias.
    [Show full text]
  • Scraps of Hope in Banda Aceh
    Marjaana Jauhola Marjaana craps of Hope in Banda Aceh examines the rebuilding of the city Marjaana Jauhola of Banda Aceh in Indonesia in the aftermath of the celebrated SHelsinki-based peace mediation process, thirty years of armed conflict, and the tsunami. Offering a critical contribution to the study of post-conflict politics, the book includes 14 documentary videos Scraps of Hope reflecting individuals’ experiences on rebuilding the city and following the everyday lives of people in Banda Aceh. Scraps of Hope in Banda Aceh Banda in Hope of Scraps in Banda Aceh Marjaana Jauhola mirrors the peace-making process from the perspective of the ‘outcast’ and invisible, challenging the selective narrative and ideals of the peace as a success story. Jauhola provides Gendered Urban Politics alternative ways to reflect the peace dialogue using ethnographic and in the Aceh Peace Process film documentarist storytelling. Scraps of Hope in Banda Aceh tells a story of layered exiles and displacement, revealing hidden narratives of violence and grief while exposing struggles over gendered expectations of being good and respectable women and men. It brings to light the multiple ways of arranging lives and forming caring relationships outside the normative notions of nuclear family and home, and offers insights into the relations of power and violence that are embedded in the peace. Marjaana Jauhola is senior lecturer and head of discipline of Global Development Studies at the University of Helsinki. Her research focuses on co-creative research methodologies, urban and visual ethnography with an eye on feminisms, as well as global politics of conflict and disaster recovery in South and Southeast Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Structure of Nekton in the Upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 19, Number 4, July 2018 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1366-1374 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d190424 Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia DESRITA1,♥, AHMAD MUHTADI1, ISTEN SWENO TAMBA1, JENI ARIYANTI1, RINA DRITA SIBAGARIANG2 1Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara.Jl. Prof A. Sofyan No. 3, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Tel./fax. +62-61-8213236, email: [email protected]. 2Institut of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan Manuscript received: 28 October 2018. Revision accepted: 25 June 2018. Abstract. Desrita, Muhtadi A, Tamba IS, Ariyanti J, Sibagariang RD. 2018. Community structure of nekton in the upstream of Wampu Watershed, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1366-1374. River is a habitat for many aquatic organisms. Water quality is the main river characteristic that strongly influences distribution pattern, biodiversity, and abundance of aquatic organisms. Nekton is aquatic organism that swims and moves actively on their desire, for example, fish, shrimp, amphibian and also big aquatic insects. The purpose of this research was to know the habitat condition and biodiversity of nekton in the upstream of Wampu watershed. The habitat condition was measured by examining the temperature, visibility, flow velocity, depth of waters, dissolved oxygen, pH, kind of substrate, the width of the river, body width of river and rate of flow of the river. The type of nekton was determined by catching the nekton using a backpack of electrofishing unit with an electric flow of 12 Volt and 9 Ampere.
    [Show full text]
  • PPP Book 2013.Pdf
    REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING/ NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS PLAN IN INDONESIA 2013 Jakarta, November 2013 ii PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS PLAN IN INDONESIA FOREWORD BY THE MINISTER OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AND HEAD OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPENAS) he Government of Indonesia is consistently sustaining the momentum of Public Private Partnership (PPP) development in order to accelerate the provision of infrastructure. The TPPP model has gained increasing in presence since the pronouncement of the Master plan for the Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia’s Economic Development (MP3EI) in 2011. The MP3EI reiterates the Government of Indonesia’s determination to use the PPPs as one of the keys to financing the country’s economic development. The Government holds a proactive approach and continues to evaluate and strengthen policy in order to support the provision of infrastructure using PPPs. Firstly, through the establishment of the regulatory framework for PPPs, comprising Presidential Regulation 67/2005 on Cooperation between Government and Business Entities in Infrastructure Provision and its subsequent amendments PR 13/2010, PR 56/2011 and PR 66/2013. Secondly, by providing supporting regulations to address major issues affecting the implementation of PPP projects, v.g.Law 2/2012 on land acquisition for public infrastructure projects and Regulation 223/PMK.011/2012 of the Ministry of Finance on the Viability Gap Fund. Bappenas has also updated Ministerial Regulation on PPP Operational Guidelines 4/2010 with Ministerial Regulation 3/2012 to reflect the evolution of the legal framework and to improve the PPP preparation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitaceae): Two Common Hosts of Rafflesia in Sumatra
    REINWARDTIA Vol. 17. No. 1. pp: 59–66 NOMENCLATURAL STUDY OF TETRASTIGMA LEUCOSTAPHYLUM AND TETRASTIGMA RAFFLESIAE (VITACEAE): TWO COMMON HOSTS OF RAFFLESIA IN SUMATRA Received March 26, 2018; accepted April 30, 2018 YENI RAHAYU, TATIK CHIKMAWATI Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]; Email: [email protected] ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology‒LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. Current address: RT03 RW01, Kp. Cimoboran, Ds. Suka- wening, Dramaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT RAHAYU, Y., CHIKMAWATI, T. & WIDJAJA, E. A. 2018. Nomenclatural study of Tetrastigma leucostaphylum and Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Vitaceae): two common hosts of Rafflesia in Sumatra. Reinwardtia 17(1): 59–66. ― A study of Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) conducted in Sumatra has revealed a number of species records. There are two species were misinterpreted. Two species names are here discussed: T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. and T. rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch., which formerly united with T. lanceolarium. Key Words: Nomenclature, Rafflesia, Sumatra, Tetrastigma, Vitaceae. ABSTRAK RAHAYU, Y., CHIKMAWATI, T. & WIDJAJA, E. A. 2018. Studi tatanama Terastigma leucostaphylum dan Tetrastigma rafflesiae (Vitaceae): dua tumbuhan inang Rafflesia di Sumatera. Reinwardtia 17(1): 59–66. ― Penelitian Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) di Sumatera telah berhasil mengungkap beberapa catatan jenis. Dua jenis di antaranya salah diinterpretasikan. Kedua nama jenis yang didiskusikan dalam artikel ini adalah: T. leucostaphylum (Dennst.) Alston ex Mabb. dan T. rafflesiae (Miq.) Planch., yang sebelumnya digabungkan ke dalam kelompok jenis T.
    [Show full text]
  • TOURISM MAP Gunung Leuser National Park Tropical Rainforest
    Experience an Environmental and Cultural Paradise Rafting Throughout the Year Gunung Leuser National Park Global Status Biodiversity in the Park Local Culture and Living While You are in the Park of Gunung Leuser National Park World Heritage Sites are places of such outstanding cultural and natural significance that they In GLNP, there are 86 mounts and 364 rivers flowing out from the park, providing transcend national boundaries and are of importance for present and future generations of various habitats, ecosystems, and landscapes which are suitable for residence and migratory Local Events: While You are in the Park humanity. By 2010 there are 7 World Heritage Sites in Indonesia: Tropical Rainforest Heritage of wildlife. From seashore, swamp, rivers, lakes, caves, lowland, meadows/sub-alpine (blang), and Sumatra, Ujung Kulon National Park (Java), Komodo National Park (Nusa Tenggara), Lorentz highland make GLNP become One Stop Natural Adventure journey for man and woman, young Traditional horse racing is a local ritual after harvesting moment in Blangkejeren since 1912. As harbor of rich ecosystem and biological diversity, from Sumatran Orangutan to National Park (Papua), the temples of Prambanan and Borobudur, and the Sangiran Early Man and old people, students or researchers, foreign and domestic visitor, for serious and relax. Why? Nine to eleven year-old boys ride without shoes, appropriate wears or saddle for horse racing as Sumatran Elephant, from the world’s largest flower to the tallest flower, or birds, reptiles, site in Central Java. World Heritage Sites are nominated by national governments and inscribed Because GLNP gives you biodiversity, cultural diversity, habitat diversity, and landscape diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivated Tastes Colonial Art, Nature and Landscape in The
    F Cultivated Tastes G Colonial Art, Nature and Landscape in the Netherlands Indies A Doctoral Dissertation by Susie Protschky PhD Candidate School of History University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia Contents Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………….. iii List of Abbreviations ………………………………………………………….. v List of Plates …………………………………………………………………… vi F G Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. 1 Part I — Two Journeys Chapter 1: Landscape in Indonesian Art ……………………………………….. 36 Chapter 2: Dutch Views of Indies Landscapes …………………………………. 77 Part II — Ideals Chapter 3: Order ………………………………………………………………. 119 Chapter 4: Peace ………………………………………………………………. 162 Chapter 5: Sacred Landscapes ………………………………………………… 201 Part III — Anxieties Chapter 6: Seductions …………………………………………………………. 228 Chapter 7: Identity – Being Dutch in the Tropics …………………………….. 252 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………….. 293 F G Glossary ……………………………………………………………………….. 319 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………... 322 ii Acknowledgments First, I would like to express my gratitude to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales for granting me an Australian Postgraduate Award between 2001 and 2005. The same Faculty funded two research trips abroad, one to the Netherlands in 2004 and another to Indonesia in 2005. Without these sources of funding this thesis would not have possible. In the Netherlands, I must thank Pim Westerkamp at the Museum Nusantara, Delft, for taking me on a tour through the collection and making archival materials available to me. Thanks also to Marie-Odette Scalliet at the University of Leiden, for directing me toward more of her research and for showing me some of the university library’s Southeast Asia collection. I also appreciate the generosity of Peter Boomgaard, of the KITLV in Leiden, for discussing aspects of my research with me. Thanks to the staff at the KIT Fotobureau in Amsterdam, who responded admirably to my vague request for ‘landscape’ photographs from the Netherlands Indies.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 APPENDIX 4 BANGLADESH General Information* Main Rivers
    APPENDIX 4 BANGLADESH General Information* Surface area: 143,998 km2 Population (1995): 118,000,000 GDP (1996/1997): US$ 14,000 million Agricultural GDP (1996/1997): US$ 4,508 million Capture Fisheries as % of GDP1: 1.88% Aquaculture as % of GDP1: 2.69% Indicative exchange rate (1999) US$ 1 = Tk 48.5 * FAO World Fisheries Statistics – Country profile, 1999 1 Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission (2005) Main Rivers** Total area Rivers and estuaries 4,047,316 ha Total Length of 700 Rivers 22,155 km The Padma-Ganges and its distribution System Annual catch: 6,489 tonnes (1996-97)3(capture) i) Ganges, Padma 305 km Surface area: 69,481 ha2 Annual catch: 1,641 tonnes2 (1991-92) 50.6 kg/ha2 (1991-92) 0.34% contribution to production2 (1991-92) ii) Mathabhanga 128 km iii) Ichhamati 285 km iv) Bhairab 559 km v) Kumar 443 km vi) Kobadak 280 km vii) Chitra 188 km viii) Nabaganga 210 km ix) Garai, Madhumati 314 km x) Arial Khan 266 km The Meghna and Surma System Surface area: 73,999 ha2 Annual catch 84,737 tonnes (1989-90) 54,244 tonnes2 (1991-92) 1,369.60 kg/ ha2 (1991-92) 11.3% contribution to production2 (1991-92) i) Surma 350 km ii) Kushiyara 110 km 1 Jamuna-Brahmaputra System Surface area: 73,666 ha2 Annual catch: 2,280 tonnes (1989-90) i) Brahmaputra 350 km Annual catch: 505 tonnes (1989-90) 391 tonnes2 (1991-92) 0.081% contribution to production2 (1991-92) ii) Jamuna 531 km Annual catch: 1,775 tonnes (1989-90) 2,253 tonnes2 (1991-92) 30.58 kg/ ha2 (1991-92) 0.46% contribution to production2 (1991-92) Other Rivers in West region i) Nagar 238 km ii)
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Diagnostic Mitochondrial DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Specific to Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo Abelii) Populations
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Identification of diagnostic mitochondrial DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) populations Rianti, Puji ; Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah ; Sajuthi, Dondin ; Pamungkas, Joko ; Nater, Alexander ; Krützen, Michael Abstract: The hypervariable region I of mitochondrial DNA has frequently been used to distinguish among populations, in particular in species with strong female philopatry. In such cases, populations are expected to diverge rapidly for hypervariable region I markers because of the smaller effective population size and thus increased genetic drift. This rapid divergence leads to the accumulation of mutations exclusively found in one population, which may serve as diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To date, diagnostic SNPs distinctive to Sumatran orangutan populations have not yet been described. However, given the continuously declining numbers of Sumatran orangutans, this information can be vital for effective conservation measures, especially regarding reintroductions of orangutans in rehabilitation centers. Phylogenetic analyses of 54 samples of Sumatran orangutans from nine sampling sites with good provenance, we found five major clades and a total of 20 haplotypes. We propose atotal of 52 diagnostic SNPs that are specific to Sumatran orangutan populations. Data can be used todevelop restriction fragment length polymorphism assays to carry out genetic assignments using basic laboratory equipment to assign Sumatran orangutan to their population of origin. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hjb.2015.09.002 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-131109 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License.
    [Show full text]