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Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos Di Sungai Asahan Desa Bagan Asahan Mati Kecamatan Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara

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Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos Di Sungai Asahan Desa Bagan Asahan Mati Kecamatan Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI ASAHAN DESA BAGAN ASAHAN MATI KECAMATAN TANJUNG BALAI KABUPATEN ASAHAN, SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI ERLINA 120805001 DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI ASAHAN DESA BAGAN ASAHAN MATI KECAMATAN TANJUNG BALAI KABUPATEN ASAHAN, SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk melengkapi tugas dan memenuhi syarat mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains ERLINA 120805001 DEPARTEMEN BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PERNYATAAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI ASAHAN DESA BAGAN ASAHAN MATI KECAMATAN TANJUNG BALAI KABUPATEN ASAHAN, SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI Saya mengaku bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya saya sendiri, kecuali beberapa kutipan dan ringkasan yang masing-masing disebutkan sumbernya. Medan, Desember 2017 Erlina 120805001 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Judul : Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos di Sungai Asahan Desa Bagan Asahan Mati Kecamatan Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara Kategori : Skripsi Nama : Erlina Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 120805001 Program Studi : Sarjana (S1) Biologi Departemen : Biologi Fakultas : Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui di Medan, Desember 2017 Komisi Pembimbing Pembimbing II Pembimbing I Mayang Sari Yeanny, S. Si, M. Si Dr. Miswar Budi Mulya, M.Si NIP. 19721126 199802 2 2002 NIP. 19691010 199702 1 002 Disetujui Oleh Departemen Biologi FMIPA USU Dr. Saleha Hannum, M. Si NIP. 19710831 200012 2 001 i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI ASAHAN DESA BAGAN ASAHAN MATI KECAMATAN TANJUNG BALAI KABUPATEN ASAHAN, SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos Di Sungai Asahan Desa Bagan Asahan Mati Kecamatan Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara telah diteliti pada bulan Maret 2017. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman makrozoobentos dan mengananlisis hubungan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos dengan faktor fisik-kimia perairan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Sampel diambil menggunakan Eckmann grab kemudian diidentifikasi di Laboratorium PSDAL Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Makrozoobentos yang didapatkan terdiri dari tiga filum, lima kelas, dua belas ordo, 13 famili dan 13 spesies. Nilai Indeks Kenekaragaman (H’) makrozoobentos tertinggi didapat pada stasiun 2 sebesar 1,60 dan terendah pada stasiun 3 sebesar 1,09. Temperatur air dan kandungan organik substrat berkorelasi sangat kuat terhadap keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Sungai Asahan. Kata kunci : Keanekaragaman, Makrozoobentos, Sungai Asahan. ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DIVERSITY OF MACROZOOBHENTOS IN ASAHAN RIVER BAGAN ASAHAN MATI VILLAGE TANJUNG BALAI SUB- DISTRICT ASAHAN REGENCY, NORTH SUMATERA ABSTRACT Diversity of Macrozoobhentos In Asahan River Bagan Asahan Mati Village Tanjung Balai Sub-district Asahan Regency, North Sumatera was investigated in March 2017. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of macrozoobhentos and to analyze the relationship of diversity of macrozoobhentos with physical-chemical factors of water. Sampling is done by using Purposive Sampling method. Samples taken using Eckmann grab were then identified at PSDAL Laboratory of Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of North Sumatra, Medan. The macrozoobhentos were composed of three phyla, five classes, twelve orders, 13 families and 13 species. The highest macrozoobenthos diversity (H ') value was obtained at station 2 of 1.60 and the lowest at station 3 of 1.09. Water temperature and organic substrate content are highly correlated to the diversity of macrozoobhentos in the of Asahan River. Keywords: Diversity, Makrozoobenthos, Asahan River. iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGHARGAAN Puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kepada Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan anugerahNya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini dengan judul “Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos Di Sungai Asahan Desa Bagan Asahan Mati Kecamatan Tanjung Balai Kabupaten Asahan, Sumatera Utara”, dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat dalam mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Sains bidang Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Ucapan beribu terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada kedua orang tua Alm. Ayah tercinta Rusli dan Umik tersayang Inah Sinaga yang selalu memberikan motivasi dalam menjalani perkuliahan serta dukungan moral yang tidak henti- hentinya dan selalu diiringi doa. Terima kasih juga penulis ucapkan kepada Uak, kakak Linda, Rosdiana, Kiki dan adik Yuni, Rahma dan Irma, serta seluruh keluarga besar yang selama ini sudah banyak memberikan dukungan untuk penulis agar bisa menyelesaikan studi. Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada dosen pembimbing I Bapak Dr. Miswar Budi Mulya, S.Si, M.Si dan dosen pembimbing II Ibu Mayang Sari Yeanny, S.Si, M.Si yang telah banyak memberikan bimbingan, masukan dan saran kepada penulis dari awal hingga selesainya penulisan skripsi ini. Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada Bapak Prof. Dr. Ing Ternala Alex Barus, M. Sc selaku dosen penguji I dan Bapak Drs. Nursal M. Si selaku dosen penguji II yang telah memberikan saran dan kritikan yang membangun dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. Terima kasih kepada Ibu Dr. Saleha Hannum, M. Si selaku Ketua Departemen, Bapak Riyant, S. Si, M, Si selaku Sekretaris Departemen Biologi, Ibu Dra. Nunuk Priyani, M. Sc selaku Dosen Penasehat Akademik yang banyak memberikan arahan serta dukungan kepada penulis selama perkuliahan, Kak Roslina Ginting, Bang Ewin dan Kak Siti Nasution selaku pegawai administrasi Departemen Biologi, Dekan dan Pembantu Dekan FMIPA USU, serta seluruh Dosen dan Staf Pengajar di Departemen Biologi. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada sahabat-sahabat selama perkuliahan AOC 012, Mita, Roita, Diana, Yan, Obi, Mija, Reni geng Sugarcandy, Ella, Maya, Agung, Boby dan sahabat yang lainnya. Terima kasih kepada rekan-rekan di bidang Ekologi Perairan Yola, Melda, Nolo, Surtika, Gagah, Cut, Boby dan Novida. Serta kakak asuh Dian Lestari S. Si dan adek asuh Devi dan adik-adik asuh lainnya. Kakak, abang biologi 2009, 2010, 2011 dan adik 2013, 2014. Tim yang membantu selama penelitian Umik, Gagah, kakak, adek, adek sepupu dan abang yang turut membantu penulis saat melakukan penelitian, dan rekan-rekan yang membantu pada saat identifikasi. Kepada teman kos Syafriana, Pinta, serta adek kos Ambar, Saly, Ayu, Septi, Dwi, Tiwi, Mira dan Rara. Untuk seluruh teman kerja Pak Santo, Mbak Lulu, Siti, Yuni, Veny, Adel dan karyawan ADS SUMBER KOMPAK. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. Untuk itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun dari semua pihak demi kesempurnaan skripsi ini. Akhir kata penulis mengucapkan terima kasih, semoga skripsi inidapat bermanfaat bagi semuapihak yang membutuhkan. Medan, Desember 2017 Penulis v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman PENGESAHAN i ABSTRAK ii ABSTRACT iii PENGHARGAAN iv DAFTAR ISI v DAFTAR TABEL vi DAFTAR GAMBAR vii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN 1 1.1 Latar Belakang 1 1.2 Perumusan Masalah 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian 2 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian 2 BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 3 2.1 Ekosistem Sungai 3 2.2 Makrozoobentos dan Pembagiannya 4 2.3 Makrozoobentos Sebagai Indikator Perairan 6 2.4 Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Makrozoobentos 9 2.4.1 Suhu (°C) 9 2.4.2 Intensitas Cahaya (Candela) 9 2.4.3 Penetrasi Cahaya (m) 10 2.4.4 pH (Potential of Hydrogen) 10 2.4.5 DO (Dssolved Oxygen) (mg/L) 11 2.4.6 BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) (mg/L) 11 2.4.7 KecepatanArus 12 2.4.8 Kedalaman 12 2.4.9 Kekeruhan 12 2.4.10 Substrat (Sedimen) 13 BAB 3. BAHAN DAN METODE 14 3.1 Waktu dan Tempat 14 3.2 Alat dan Bahan 14 3.3 Deskripsi Area 14 3.3.1 Stasiun 1 14 3.3.2 Stasiun 2 15 3.3.3 Stasiun 3 16 vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.4 Pengambilan Sampel 16 3.5 Pengukuran Faktor Fisik-Kimia Perairan 17 3.5.1 Suhu (˚C) 17 3.5. 2 Intensitas Cahaya (Candela) 17 3.5.3 Penetrasi Cahaya (m) 17 3.5.4 pH (Potential of Hydrogen) 17 3.5.5 Kecepatan Arus 17 3.5.6Kedalaman 17 3.5.5 DO (Dissolved Oxygen) (mg/L) 18 3.5.6 BOD5 (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) (mg/L) 18 3.5.7 Kejenuhan Oksigen 18 3.5.8 Kandungan Organik Substrat 18 3.6 Analisis Data 19 3.6.1 Kepadatan (K) 19 3.6.2 Kepadatan Relatif (KR) 19 3.6.3 Frekuensi Kehadiran (FK) 20 3.6.4 Indeks Keanekaragaman Diversitas Shannn-Wiener (H’) 20 3.6.5 Indeks Equitabilitas/Indeks Keseragaman (E) 20 3.6.6 Indeks Similaritas (IS) 20 3.6.7 Analisis Korelasi 21 BAB 4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 22 4.1 Klasifikasi Makrozoobentos 22 4.2 Nilai Kepadatan (K), Kepadatan Relatif (KR), dan Frekuensi 25 Kehadiran (FK) Makrozoobentos pada setiap stasiun penelitian 4.3 Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) dan Indeks Keseragaman (E) 28 Makrozoobentos pada setiap stasiun penelitian 4.4 Indeks Similiritas (IS) pada setiap stasiun penelitian 29 4.5 Parameter Faktor Fisik-Kimia Perairan 30 4.6 Analisis Korelasi Pearson Versi 20.00 34 BAB 5. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 36 5.1 Kesimpulan 36 5.2 Saran 36 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 37 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR TABEL Nomor Judul Halaman Tabel 3.1 Alat dan Satuan Pengukuran Faktor Fisik-Kimia Perairan 19 3.2 Analisis Korelasi 21 4.1 Klasifikasi Makrozoobentos yang didapatkan di Perairan 22 Sungai Asahan Desa Bagan Asahan Mati 4.2 Nilai Kepadatan
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