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The Third Force in Myanmar
The Third Force and the Architecture of Civil Society -State Relations in the Transition in Myanmar, 2008-2017 The Third Force and the Architecture of Civil Society -State Relations in the Transition in Myanmar, 2008-2017 ___________________________ Mael Raynaud Independent Analyst [email protected] Abstract Myanmar has embarked on a political transition in 2011, a transition better described here as a transition to a hybrid system, with elements of democracy and elements of a military rule. Building on the existing literature on transitions, political crises, civil society, and political influence, the present article attempts to define what the role of civil society has been in this process. Using the author ‘s concepts of a social stupa, in Myanmar, and of the "architecture of civil society-state relations", observed through various "points วารสาร สิทธิและสันติศึกษา ปีที่ 4 ฉบับที่ 2 of contacts" between the two, the author sets an argument that political influence is stronger in the points of contact at the top of the social stupa where the civil society elite meets political elite. In that sense, civil society leaders can be seen as groups that organically channel the voice of civil society to those in power. This perspective explains the strategy behind the Third Force, a group of civil society leaders that gained influence in the wake of cyclone Nargis in 2008 and had a significant impact on the political process, and officially or semi-officially became advisors to President U Thein Sein from 2011 to 2016. The article then argues that the NLD government has cut much of these ties, but that civil society-state relations have nevertheless been profoundly re-shaped in the last decade. -
Re Joinder Submitted by the Republic of Uganda
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO v. UGANDA REJOINDER SUBMITTED BY THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA VOLUME 1 6 DECEMBER 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 : THE PERSISTENT ANOMALIES IN THE REPLY CONCERNING MATTERS OF PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ............................................... 10 A. The Continuing Confusion Relating To Liability (Merits) And Quantum (Compensation) ...................... 10 B. Uganda Reaffirms Her Position That The Court Lacks Coinpetence To Deal With The Events In Kisangani In June 2000 ................................................ 1 1 C. The Courl:'~Finding On The Third Counter-Claim ..... 13 D. The Alleged Admissions By Uganda ........................... 15 E. The Appropriate Standard Of Proof ............................. 15 CHAPTER II: REAFFIRMATION OF UGANDA'S NECESSITY TO ACT IN SELF- DEFENCE ................................................. 2 1 A. The DRC's Admissions Regarding The Threat To Uganda's Security Posed By The ADF ........................ 27 B. The DRC's Admissions Regarding The Threat To Uganda's Security Posed By Sudan ............................. 35 C. The DRC's Admissions Regarding Her Consent To The Presetnce Of Ugandan Troops In Congolese Territory To Address The Threats To Uganda's Security.. ......................................................................4 1 D. The DRC's Failure To Establish That Uganda Intervened -
The London School of Economics and Political Science Making EU
The London School of Economics and Political Science Making EU Foreign Policy towards a ‘Pariah’ State: Consensus on Sanctions in EU Foreign Policy towards Myanmar Arthur Minsat A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, June 2012 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorization does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 97,547 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Dr. Joe Hoover. 2 Abstract This thesis seeks to explain why the European Union ratcheted up restrictive measures on Myanmar from 1991 until 2010, despite divergent interests of EU member states and the apparent inability of sanctions to quickly achieve the primary objectives of EU policy. This empirical puzzle applies the ‘sanctions paradox’ to the issue of joint action in the EU. -
B U R M a B U L L E T
B U R M A B U L L E T I N ∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞A month-in-review of events in Burma∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞∞ A L T E R N A T I V E A S E A N N E T W O R K O N B U R M A campaigns, advocacy & capacity-building for human rights & democracy Issue 20 August 2008 • Fearing a wave of demonstrations commemorating th IN THIS ISSUE the 20 anniversary of the nationwide uprising, the SPDC embarks on a massive crackdown on political KEY STORY activists. The regime arrests 71 activists, including 1 August crackdown eight NLD members, two elected MPs, and three 2 Activists arrested Buddhist monks. 2 Prison sentences • Despite the regime’s crackdown, students, workers, 3 Monks targeted and ordinary citizens across Burma carry out INSIDE BURMA peaceful demonstrations, activities, and acts of 3 8-8-8 Demonstrations defiance against the SPDC to commemorate 8-8-88. 4 Daw Aung San Suu Kyi 4 Cyclone Nargis aid • Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is allowed to meet with her 5 Cyclone camps close lawyer for the first time in five years. She also 5 SPDC aid windfall receives a visit from her doctor. Daw Suu is rumored 5 Floods to have started a hunger strike. 5 More trucks from China • UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Burma HUMAN RIGHTS 5 Ojea Quintana goes to Burma Tomás Ojea Quintana makes his first visit to the 6 Rape of ethnic women country. The SPDC controls his meeting agenda and restricts his freedom of movement. -
Barriers to Integration: Institutionalized Boundaries and the Spatial Structure of Residential Segregation*
Barriers to Integration: Institutionalized Boundaries and the Spatial Structure of Residential Segregation* Elizabeth Roberto Princeton University Jackelyn Hwang Princeton University Abstract Despite modest declines in residential segregation levels since the Civil Rights Era, segregation remains a defining feature of the U.S. landscape. We use population data and corresponding shapefiles from the 2010 decennial census and a novel approach to measuring and analyzing segregation that allows us to incorporate physical barriers and municipal boundaries. We show how physical barriers in urban space and municipal boundaries that separate central cities from surrounding suburbs contribute to higher levels of residential segregation across 14 U.S. cities. The findings demonstrate an important mechanism that exacerbates residential segregation for city residents and contributes to its persistence. Keywords: segregation, boundaries, race and ethnicity, cities, methods * Direct correspondence to Elizabeth Roberto, Department of Sociology, Princeton University, 108 Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544; email: [email protected]. The authors thank Julia Adams, Richard Breen, Jacob Faber, Scott Page, Andrew Papachristos, and Jacob Rugh for helpful feedback. This research was supported in part by the James S. McDonnell Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship Award in Studying Complex Systems, the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center, and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH; Grant No. T32HD007163). Barriers to Integration: Institutionalized Boundaries and the Spatial Structure of Residential Segregation A long line of research shows that residential segregation by race—the extent to which racial groups reside in distinct places—plays an important role in perpetuating racial stratification in the U.S. -
In Burma, Transition Neglects Press Freedom a Special Report by the Committee to Protect Journalists
In Burma, transition neglects press freedom A special report by the Committee to Protect Journalists Committee to Protect Journalists In Burma, transition neglects press freedom Thein Sein’s new civilian government has promised reform, but authorities continue to censor and imprison journalists. Those who report for critical, exile-run media remain at great risk. A CPJ special report by Shawn W. Crispin Burma is at a crossroads between a tradition of military control and prospects for a democratic future. (AP/Khin Maung Win) Published September 20, 2011 Away from the probing surveillance of Special Branch intelligence agents, a Burmese editor ticks off the recent stories the Press Scrutiny and Registration Department, Burma’s powerful state censorship body, would not allow him to publish. The banned topics were wide-ranging: volatility in fuel prices; recent land purchases by Chinese investors around the city of Mandalay; a shortage of fresh water near a southern coast development. After his paper published a seemingly innocuous story about the falling price of SIM cards—without the censors’ approval—authorities reacted swiftly in suspending the publication for two weeks. “We are pushing the limits as much as we can,” said the editor during a recent trip to Bangkok. As a small sign of success, he pointed to the publication of a recent series on the struggles of farmers facing high debts. But the censorship process remains arbitrary, intensive, and highly restrictive. “It’s like fighting with a spear while on horseback to get news published. … We must prepare many extra stories each week to fill the spaces for stories that will inevitably be cut,” said the editor, who spoke on condition of anonymity for fear of government reprisal. -
Chapter 8, Control and Resistance, Attacks on Burmese Opposition Media
8 Control and Resistance Attacks on Burmese Opposition Media Nart Villeneuve and Masashi Crete-Nishihata Burma is consistently identifi ed by human rights organizations as one of the world ’ s most repressive regimes. Human rights violations occur with regularity, especially in connection with the country ’ s long-standing armed confl ict. The ruling military junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), is best known for its political pris- oners and its systematic denial of universal human rights such as freedom of expres- sion. 1 The government ’ s efforts to silence dissent pervade cyberspace and its system of Internet control is one of the most restrictive in Asia. Despite the heavy hand that the regime wields over cyberspace, information com- munication technologies (ICTs) have provided Burmese opposition groups with the means to broadcast their message to the world and challenge the government. The ongoing battle between these two sides makes Burma a stark example of contested Asian cyberspace. The role of ICTs in this struggle can be framed by contrasting theo- ries that view them either as “ liberation technologies ” that can empower grassroots political movements 2 or as tools that authoritarian governments can use to suppress these very same mobilizations. 3 This contestation is dramatically illustrated by the series of protests that erupted across the country in 2007 — in a movement popularly known as the “ Saffron Revolu- tion. ” During these protests, Burmese activists managed to bring the uprising to the world ’ s attention by making images and videos of the demonstrations and subsequent government crackdown available on the Internet. Realizing the potential political impact of these images, the government severed Internet connectivity in the country for nearly two weeks. -
The New Orleans That Race Built: Racism, Disaster, and Urban Spatial Relationships Darwin Bondgraham
This article was downloaded by:[University of California Los Angeles] On: 31 January 2008 Access Details: [subscription number 769788043] Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Souls A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713723579 The New Orleans that Race Built: Racism, Disaster, and Urban Spatial Relationships Darwin BondGraham Online Publication Date: 01 December 2007 To cite this Article: BondGraham, Darwin (2007) 'The New Orleans that Race Built: Racism, Disaster, and Urban Spatial Relationships', Souls, 9:1, 4 - 18 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/10999940701224874 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999940701224874 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. -
Burma's Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions
Burma’s Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions Michael F. Martin Specialist in Asian Affairs September 15, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42363 c11173008 . Burma’s Political Prisoners and U.S. Sanctions Summary The release of all Burma’s political prisoners is one of the fundamental goals of U.S. policy. Several of the laws imposing sanctions on Burma—including the Burmese Freedom and Democracy Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-61) and the Tom Lantos Block Burmese JADE (Junta’s Anti- Democratic Efforts) Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-286)—require the release of all political prisoners before the sanctions can be terminated. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 (P.L. 113- 76) requires the Department of State and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) to “support programs for former political prisoners” in Burma, as well as “monitor the number of political prisoners in Burma.” Burma’s President Thein Sein pledged during a July 2013 trip to the United Kingdom to release all “prisoners of conscience” in his country by the end of the year. Since his announcement, he granted amnesties or pardons on seven occasions. While President Thein Sein has asserted that all political prisoners have been freed, several Burmese organizations maintain that dozens of political prisoners remain in jail and that new political prisoners continue to be arrested and sentenced. Hopes for a democratic government and national reconciliation in Burma depend on the release of prisoners, including those associated with the country’s ethnic groups. Several ethnic-based political parties have stated they will not participate in parliamentary elections until their members are released. -
Urban Racial Segregation Measures Comparison
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M Repository URBAN RACIAL SEGREGATION MEASURES COMPARISON A Thesis by JAMIL DJONIE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF URBAN PLANNING December 2009 Major Subject: Urban and Regional Planning URBAN RACIAL SEGREGATION MEASURES COMPARISON A Thesis by JAMIL DJONIE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF URBAN PLANNING Approved by: Chair of Committee, Shannon Van Zandt Committee Members, Douglas Wunneburger Rosangela Sviercoski Head of Department, Forster Ndubisi December 2009 Major Subject: Urban and Regional Planning iii ABSTRACT Urban Racial Segregation Measures Comparison. (December 2009) Jamil Djonie, B. S, Parahyangan Catholic University, Indonesia Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Shannon Van Zandt Urban racial segregation has been a problem to many U.S. cities. Many researchers have interested on the urban segregation issues since long time ago. To understand and plan a better community, urban planners needs to know how to measure the segregation and interpret the results. However, over the past several decades, many scientists have proposed many types of urban segregation measures. Although a few of them are commonly used nowadays, this doesn’t mean the other measures are not appropriate. Disregarding the fact that some of the measures are mostly used or easily calculated this paper attempts to gather many of the proposed and the most discussed measures for comparison. -
Improving Counterterrorism and Law Enforcement Cooperation Between the United States and the Arab Gulf States
Improving Counterterrorism and Law Enforcement Cooperation between the United States and the Arab Gulf States Thomas Warrick and Joze Pelayo Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative The Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative honors the legacy of Brent Scowcroft and his tireless efforts to build a new security architecture for the region. Our work in this area addresses the full range of security threats and challenges including the danger of interstate warfare, the role of terrorist groups and other nonstate actors, and the underlying security threats facing countries in the region. Through all of the Council’s Middle East programming, we work with allies and partners in Europe and the wider Middle East to protect US interests, build peace and security, and unlock the human potential of the region. You can read more about our programs at www.atlanticcouncil.org/ programs/middle-east-programs/. Task Force on Mideast Counterterrorism – Law Enforcement Cooperation ■ Javed Ali, Towsley Policymaker in Residence, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan ■ Kirsten Fontenrose, Director, Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative, Atlantic Council ■ Daniel L. Glaser, Principal, Financial Integrity Network ■ Bernard Hudson, Nonresident Fellow, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs ■ Michael McGarrity, Vice President Global Risk Services, Global Guardian ■ Pamela G. Quanrud, Former Director, C-ISIL Coalition, US Department of State ■ Todd Rosenblum, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Scowcroft Center -
Forgive but Don't Forget, Myanmar Comedian-Turned-Activist Says - Alertnet
Forgive but don't forget, Myanmar comedian-turned-activist says - AlertNet http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/forgive-but-dont-forget-myanmar-come... Thursday 07 June 2012 Mobile Trust.org Login Register as a member Learn more about us LATEST NEWS: Russia: Yemen plan OK for Syria if backed by people Search site HOME NEWS MULTIMEDIA BLOGS CRISIS JOBS CLIMATE COUNTRY ALERTNET CENTRE CHANGE PROFILES MEMBERS Breaking stories Pictures, Opinion and eye Careers in aid and special galleries and witness reports Background and and relief Global to Facts, figures Our community reports videos resources grassroots news and charts of aid agencies Email to a friend NEWS News home Forgive but don't forget, Myanmar comedian- All news turned-activist says Africa Wed, 6 Jun 2012 15:10 GMT Americas Source: Alertnet // AlertNet Correspondent Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East Special Coverage Featured video ALERTNET What is food insecurity? An explanation INSIGHT Exclusive, in-depth reporting from our correspondents TOOLS AlertNet for journalists Comedian, actor and political prisoner Zarganar, who was released from Myitkyina prison in northern Myanmar, smiles at Yangon domestic airport October 12, 2011. REUTERS/Soe Zeya MORE PICTURES & VIDEOS Tools and training for Tun the media YANGON (AlertNet) – For a man who has spent most of his life cracking Job vacancies jokes, Myanmar's most famous comedian and political dissident, Zarganar, has See also: Careers in aid and a sober view of the world and takes his self-appointed role as a custodian of relief the past seriously. U.N. and Syria negotiating wider access for aid agencies Interactive statistics Since his release from jail in October under an amnesty for political prisoners, INSIGHT-Malawi paid price for ego of Explore humanitarian Zarganar has focused on ways of ensuring the atrocities of the past are "Economist in Chief" recorded and not forgotten by future generations.