Le Cinéma Québécois Dans L'environnement Collégial

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Le Cinéma Québécois Dans L'environnement Collégial Le cinéma québécois dans l’environnement collégial Le potentiel éducatif d’un patrimoine cinématographique commun Marianne Gravel Cégep Garneau Christian Poirier Institut national de la recherche scientifique – Urbanisation Culture Société Laurent Pelletier Cégep Garneau Cette recherche a été subventionnée par le ministère de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur. Elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du Programme d’aide à la recherche sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage (PAREA 2018-2019). Seuls les deux chercheurs du Cégep Garneau ont bénéficié de la subvention PAREA. Le chercheur de l’INRS n’a pas reçu d’allocation. Le contenu du présent rapport n’engage que la responsabilité de Équipe de recherche : l’établissement et de ses auteur-e-s. Marianne Gravel Christian Poirier NOTE : Le masculin utilisé dans le texte désigne indistincte- Laurent Pelletier ment les sexes féminins et masculins, sans aucune discrimina- tion à l’égard des hommes et des femmes, dans le but d’alléger le texte et d’en faciliter la lecture. Consultant en pédagogie : Pierre Charles Rochette Article Consultant en analyses statistiques : Un article résumant ce travail de recherche (Gravel, Poirier et François Gagnon Pelletier, 2019, « Le cinéma québécois dans l’environnement collégial : Connaissances et intérêt au croisement des perspec- tives pédagogiques et citoyennes ») est disponible sur le site du Assistant-e-s de recherche (étudiant-e-s) : Centre de documentation collégiale (www.cdc.qc.ca). Rose Talbot Gala Belen Dionne Reproduction Jean-Daniel Faillot La reproduction d’extraits de cet ouvrage est autorisée avec la Soutien à la recherche : mention de la source. Sophie Beauparlant Confidentialité Conseillères à la recherche (volet recherche et conception des questionnaires) : Tous les chercheurs et collaborateurs ayant eu accès aux don- Isabelle Morin nées issues de cette recherche ont signé un formulaire de Marie Briand confidentialité. De plus, des noms fictifs ont été donnés au- Julie Mongrain tant aux étudiants qu’aux professeurs qui ont participé à la recherche afin qu’un observateur externe ne puisse identifier Conseillères à la recherche (volet éthique) : les participants. Marie-Chantal Dumas (Cégep Garneau) Emmanuelle Marceau (Cégep du Vieux-Montréal) Consentement Les buts de la recherche et l’engagement attendu des partici- Support à la rédaction pants ont été détaillés auprès des étudiants et des professeurs Marie Briand ciblés. Ils ont été informés qu’ils avaient un droit de retrait, à tout moment du processus, sans être pénalisés. Les indivi- Révision linguistique dus ont consenti à participer au projet librement et ceux qui n’ont pas souhaité y prendre part n’ont subi aucun préjudice. Marie Taillon La recherche a obtenu l’approbation du Comité d’éthique en recherche du Cégep Garneau le 17 octobre 2018. Traduction du résumé Rosemarie Séguin-Lamarche Note sur le financement Conception graphique Marianne Gravel et Laurent Pelletier, du Cégep Garneau, ont Gabriel Bélisle bénéficié de la subvention du PAREA. Christian Poirier de l’INRS n’a pas reçu de financement. Dessins/Illustrations Rose Talbot Imprimé à Québec Dépôt légal à Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, 2019 Dépôt légal — Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 2019. ISBN 978-2-920910-52-2 (imprimé) ISBN 978-2-920910-53-9 (PDF) © Tous droits réservés Marianne Gravel, Christian Poirier et Laurent Pelletier, 2019 I Résumé PARÉA 10277 Marianne Gravel Cégep Garneau Christian Poirier Institut national de la recherche scientifique – Urbanisation Culture Société Laurent Pelletier Cégep Garneau Mots clés : cinéma québécois, réception, apprenant- professeurs, qui associent incidemment le milieu collégial à un spectateur, apprenant-citoyen, citoyenneté culturelle, possible « lieu de contact » avec la culture. pédagogie, enseignement et environnement collégial. L’étude éclaire en outre l’importance des médiations cultu- Cette étude porte sur la place actuelle et le potentiel du ciné- relles susceptibles d’être déployées afin de mettre en relation ma québécois dans l’environnement éducatif collégial. Elle un individu et un film. S’il importe que les films québécois s’oriente sur les connaissances et l’intérêt des apprenants pour soient présents sur une multiplicité de plateformes de diffu- cette forme culturelle ainsi que sur les aspects pédagogiques sion, des salles de cinéma aux plateformes de visionnement en et les répercussions en lien avec le développement d’éléments ligne, ces médiations apparaissent cruciales dans le dévelop- clés de la formation des étudiants en tant que citoyens et spec- pement initial et durable de l’intérêt pour le cinéma québécois. tateurs éclairés. Le potentiel éducatif du cinéma québécois, touchant aussi bien des savoirs que des savoir-être, pourrait ainsi être exploité S’appuyant sur une démarche méthodologique aussi bien et couplé à diverses compétences du programme collégial, et quantitative (sondage auprès de la communauté étudiante et ce en lien avec le développement d’une citoyenneté culturelle, des professeurs) que qualitative (laboratoire de visionnement, c’est-à-dire de construction, par le cinéma, d’une relation por- groupes de discussion) au sein du Cégep Garneau, à Québec, teuse de sens par rapport à soi-même, aux autres et au monde. l’étude met au jour le potentiel important d’intérêt pour le ci- néma québécois, et ce, malgré le manque de connaissances préalables des apprenants pour ce cinéma. Autrement dit, l’ab- sence de fréquentation n’est pas nécessairement associée à un désintérêt intrinsèque pour ce type de cinéma. La recherche révèle, à cet égard, qu’être exposés à des films, à des extraits, à de l’information, à des mises en contexte et à des discussions, contribue à construire un regard sur le cinéma québécois. Elle montre également qu’une grande majorité de jeunes ont une réaction positive lorsqu’on leur propose l’idée que le cinéma québécois puisse s’inviter dans leur classe. Des gains péda- gogiques au sein de multiples disciplines (transferts entre les disciplines, capacités d’analyse, sens critique, capacités d’ex- pression d’un point de vue, d’écoute et de discussion collec- tive, etc.) ont été relevés. Plusieurs retombées élargies ont éga- lement été observées chez les apprenants (compréhension de soi et réflexions identitaires, discussions et échanges de nature intersubjective, émotive et intellectuelle, posture réflexive concernant la société, découvertes, etc.). Ces répercussions ont été signalées par l’ensemble des participants, incluant les II Abstract PARÉA 10277 Marianne Gravel Cégep Garneau Christian Poirier Institut national de la recherche scientifique – Urbanisation Culture Société Laurent Pelletier Cégep Garneau Keywords : Quebec cinema, pedagogy, film reception, an interest that increases steadily as the experience unfolds. In learner-spectator, learner-citizen, cultural citizenship, film the college environment, regardless of what one might think, education and college environment. lack of knowledge and negative assumptions do not prevent CEGEP students from being open, to a certain extent, to Que- A research team wanted to know if Quebec cinema can have bec cinema. its place in the college educational environment. To do so, at CEGEP Garneau, 454 students and 178 teachers answered a One of the aims of college training is to encourage the learner to questionnaire designed to draw a portrait of their current film integrate and develop some cultural knowledge (MEES, 2017). practices, by comparing their level of knowledge and their in- In line with this objective, this research provides an insight into terest in Quebec cinema. A screening laboratory, conducted in how Quebec cinema and its current distribution platforms can Fall 2018 as part of the complementary Le cinéma autrement be coupled with skills common to several college programs. course offered to students in the technical and pre-university A reflection is beginning about the place that Quebec cinema programs at CEGEP Garneau, made it possible to observe and could take throughout the college system as a tool that pro- analyze the reactions of 25 learners exposed to six Quebec motes culture and as a catalyst for cultural citizenship, as de- films made from 1960 to the present day, at a rate of one film fined by Christian Poirier (2017): “What, forms, through culture per week. At the end of the experiment, focus groups revealed and the arts, the identity of a person, and makes a person mea- pedagogical gains for learners: transfers between disciplines, ningful to herself, to others and to the environment in which strengthened critical thinking skills, increased analytical skills, she lives”. The results indicate that openness to the introduc- and improved knowledge of film language and Quebec cinema. tion of Quebec cinema into the educational environment, both Attention was paid to the impact that Quebec cinema has had among students and teachers, would facilitate educational ini- on students’ careers, particularly with regard to their stances tiatives in this mindset. as learner-spectators and learner-citizens. Focus groups were also organized with teachers to unlock the pedagogical poten- tial of the tool. Based on the data analysis collected by the questionnaire, it is now possible to conclude that, in this CEGEP, the Quebec film heritage is little known to the students. Indeed, 57 % of CEGEP students cannot name five Quebec films. With regard to young people’s interest in Quebec cinema, although 71 % of students say they “love this cinema”, it is very little consumed:
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