160 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 By Mr. HARRIS (for himself, Mr. attorney are concluded; to the Committee By Mr. GIBBONS: STEERS, and Mrs. SPELLMAN): on the Judiciary. . H.R. 10474. A bill to authorize the docu­ H .R. 10465. A bill to eliminate the offset By Mr. ROBERTS: mentation of the vessel, Unicorn, as a vessel against social security benefits in the case of H. Con. Res. 455. Concurrent resolution to of the United States with coastwise spouses and surviving spouses receiving cer­ declare the sense of Congress that full parity privileges; to the Committee on Merchant tain Government pensions; to the Commit­ remains the goal of American agriculture; Marine and Fisheries. tee on Ways and Means. to the Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. GLICKMAN: By Mr. LUJAN: By Mr. SEBELIUS (for himself, Mr. H.R. 10475. A bill for the relief of Han­ H.R. 10466. A bill to amend the act of Oc­ GLICKMAN, Mr. NOLAN, Mr. ABDNOR, nelore A. A. Borchers; to the Committee on tober 31, 1949 (63 Stat. 1049), to change the Mr. THONE, Mr. HIGHTOWER, Mr. the Judiciary. authority of the Surgeon General to make H.R. 10476. A bill for the relief of Ray­ certain payments Bernalillo County, MARLENEE, and Mr. YOUNG Of to Alaska): mond C. Owens; to the Committee on the N. Mex., for furnishing hospital care to cer­ Judiciary. tain Indians; jointly, to the Committees on H. Con. Res. 456. Concurrent resolution to inspire the President and the Secretary of By Mr. PRICE: Interior and Insular Affairs, and Interstate H.R. 10477. A bill for the relief of Phyllis and Foreign Commerce. Agriculture to use existing law to achieve parity for farmers and ranchers; to the Com­ A. Steiner; to the Committee on the By Mr. MEEDS: mittee on Agriculture. Judiciary. H.R. 10467. A bill Alaska. National Inter­ By Mr. YATRON: est Lands Conservation Act; to the Commit­ By Mr. ANDERSON of California: H.R. 10478. A bill for the relief of Deme­ tee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. Res. 952. Resolution to establish a senior trios K. Mountanos; to the Committee on citizen internship program; to the Commit­ the Judiciary. By Mr. ROGERS (for himself and Mr. tee on House Administration. CARTER): H.R. 10468. A bill to amend title VIII of By Mr. DIGGS: the Public Health Service Act to attend for H. Res. 953. Resolution providing funds PETITIONS, ETC. for the Committee on the District of Colum­ 2 fiscal years the program of assistance for Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions nurse training; to the Committee on Intf3r­ bia; to the Committee on House Administra­ tion. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk state and Foreign Commerce. and referred as follows: By Mrs. SPELLMAN: By Mr. FOLEY (for himself and Mr. H.R. 10469. A bill to require that from WAMPLER): 376. By the SPEAKER. Petition of the In­ one-half to 1 percent of any funds appro­ H. Res. 954. Resolution to provide funds for ternational Association of Chiefs of Police, priated for the construction of certain pub­ the expenses of the investigations and studies Gaithersburg, Md., relative to controlling the lic buildings be used for artwork for such tv be conducted by the Committee on Agri­ exportation of stolen used vehicles; to the buildings; to the Committee on Public culture; to the Committee on House Admin­ Committee on International Relations. Work and Transportation. istration. 377. Also, petition of the International By Mr. ANDERSON of California: By Mr. LE FANTE: Association of Chiefs of Police, Inc., Gaithers­ burg, Md., relative to gathering of criminal H.J. Res. 682. Joint resolution to provide H. Res. 955. Resolution designating Janu­ ary 22, as Ukrainian Independence Day; to intelligence; to the Committee on the Judici­ for the designation of a. week as National ary. Lupus Week; to the Committee on Post Of­ the Commitee on Post Office and Civil fice and Civil Service. Service. 378. Also petition of the Society of Profes­ sional Journalists, Sigma Delta Chi, Detroit, By Mr. ROE (for himself and Mr. By Mr. STOKES: H. Res. 956. Resolution providing for funds Mich., relative to radio and television cover­ HoWARD): age of proceedings of the U.S. House of H.J. Res. 683. Joint ro3solution authorizing for the Select Committee on Assassinations; to the Committee on House Administration. Representatives; to the Committee on Rules. the President to proclaim September 8 of 379. Also, petition of the city council, New each year as "National Cancer Day"; to the By Mr. ROBERTS (for himself, Mr. TEAGUE, Mr. SATTERFIELD, Mr. MONT­ York, N.Y., relative to urging the Congress Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. to pass proposed legislation which would al­ By Mr. EVANS of Delaware: GOMERY, Mr. CARNEY, and Mr. BRINKLEY): low individuals to make financial contribu­ H. Con. Res. 453. Concurrent resolution tions, in connection with the payment of expressing the sense of the Congress that H. Res. 957. Resolution providing funds their Federal income tax, for the advance­ David W. Marston, U.S. attorney for the East­ for the Committee on Veterans' Affairs; to ment of the arts and humanities; to the ern District of Pennsylvania, be retained in the Committee on House Administration. Committee on Ways and Means. his current position until all on-going inves­ 380. Also, petition of the City Commission, tigations of corruption involving public of­ Kilgore, Tex., relative to the proposed Na­ ficials under the jurisdiction of such U.S. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS tional Eneryy Act; to the Committee on Ways attorney are concluded; to the Committee on and Means. the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private 381. Also, petition of the International By Mr. EVANS of Delaware (for him­ bills and resolutions were introduced and Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftsmen, self, Mr. COLEMAN, Mr. COLLINS of severally referred as follows: Washington, D.C., relative to proposed elimi­ Texas, Mr. CORCORAN of Illinois, Mr. . By Mr. BROWN of Ohio: nation of the hard mineral depletion allow­ COUGHLIN, Mr. DEVINE, Mr. EDGAR, ance; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Mr. EMERY, Mr. FORSYTHE, Mr. HILLIS, H.R. 10470. A bill for the relief of Maj. 382. Also, petition of the Board of Trus·tees, Mr. HYDE, Mr. KETCHUM, Mr. KIND­ John E. Doyle; to the Committee on the Temple Isaiah, Los Angeles, Calif., relative to NESS, Mr. KOSTMAYER, Mr. MARKS, Judiciary. the need for Federal legislation and interna­ Mr. MICHEL, Mr. PURSELL, Mr. H.R. 10471. A bill for the relief of Mr. E. tional cooperation to end air terrorism; QuAYLE, Mr. RAILSBACK, Mr. Rous­ William Plant; to the Committee on the jointly, to the Committees on International SELOT, Mr. SAWYER, Mr. SCHULZE, Mr. Judiciary. Relations, the Judiciary, and Public Works STANTON, Mr. WALKER, and Mr. BOB By Mr. PHILLIP BURTON: and Transportation. WILSON): H.R. 10472. A bill for the relief of Amelia 383. Also, petition of the president, Bar H. Con. Res. 454. Concurrent resolution Association of the District of Columbia, expressing the sense of the Congress that B. Rivera; to the Committee on the Judi­ ciary. Washington, D.C., relative to transferring David W. Marston, U.S. attorney for the East­ jurisdiction from the U.S. Court of Claims ern District of Pennsylvania, be retained in By Mr. DERWINSKI: regarding properties proposed to be taken his current position until all ongoing in­ H.R. 10473. A bill for the relief of Robert for the Redwood National Park; jointly, to vestigations of corruption involving public L. Stocker; to the Committee on Merchant the Committees on the Judiciary and In­ officials under the jurisdiction of such U.S. Marine and Fisheries. terior and Insular Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS IN PRAISE OF MRS. BERNICE COX Bernice Cox Saxon, Cox Gap, Etowah Elmus E. Cox, for many years admin­ SAXON, OF COX GAP, ETOWAH County, Ala., appeared in the Etowah istrative assistant to Hon. Albert Rains COUNTY, ALA. News Journal, Attalla, Ala., November 3, of Alabama, for many years one of the 1977, issue. This fine Christian lady who outstanding Members of the U.S. House HON. JAMES B. ALLEN has done so much in service to God and of Representatives. After Congressman OF ALABAMA her fellowman is greatly loved by all who Rains retirement, Mr. Cox served with distinction as Deputy Controller of the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES know her. She and her family have been warm friends of mine for many decades. Currency, from which he retired several Thursday, January 19, 1978 She recently celebrated her 82d birth­ years ago. I ask unanimous consent that Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, an excel­ day. The article was written by Mrs. Jo this heartwarming article be printed in lent article about my dear friend, Mrs. Cox, a talented writer and wife of Hon. the RECORD. January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 161 There being no objection, the article the ways of the Lord, and saw to it that her higher degree, the figure today is 20 per­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, children attended Sunday School, morning cent. Nevertheless, the need for addi­ worship, B.Y.P.U. at night, and Wednesday tional nurses with advanced preparation as follows: night prayer meetings. Bernice has done SHE'S YOUNG AT HEART many types of services for the church, from still persists. (By Jo Cox) Sunday School teacher for 20 years (One I am also very familiar with the im­ portant role which many nurses fill in Birthdays. They're as certain as hugs and of her pupils, Margaret Riley, recently dedi­ kisses. At least that's what Bernice Cox cated her puppet show to her), Training the provision of primary care. The Fron­ Saxon got recently when some 55 friends and Union teacher, and WMU leader. She was tier Nursing Service in my own State of relatives showed up at home of her son, active in Vacation Bible School also, but Kentucky provides the prototype for this Donald, and his wife, Jeannette, in Cox Gap probably her most enjoyable job was the kind of service. For over 50 years, nurse to wish her "many happy returns" on her growing and arranging of flowers for the midwives have been providing health 82nd. decorating of the church. She recalled fondly many all-day-singings and dinners-on-the­ services to the surrounding areas of Les­ Young at heart, Bernice just sat and lie County, Ky. And, now, with the re­ greeted each one with her bright blue eyes ground. Yes, those were the days, but she is gleaming. When my turn came, and I told content now with her status in life. She cent enactment of the rural health her I was going to write a story about her, never complains. She fell not too long ago, clinics legislation, of which I was an au­ she said, "There's not much to write about and has to use a walker now. However, she thor, access to primary health care me, Jo. I'm just an ordinary person." Well, if has been blessed with good health most of should be greatly improved. Thus, the raising 3 children, taking care of an invalid her life, never been in the hospital for an nursing role is expanding and evolving husband fo.r ten years, caring for a sick extended stay except when she had a kidney in many ways to meet changing needs, mother and an ill father-in-law (known as operation several years ago. She came through that fine, she says. and our legislation should continue to Uncle T. Saxon), and being a grandmother take into consideration these develop­ of six and a great grandmother to seven After the death of her husband in 1940, (and a few dozen other things) seems ordi­ (with her children grown and working) she ments. nary to her it surely doesn't to me. began a new kind of life, that of a working Our main reason for moving to extend Bernice interrupts me to tell about her mother. She worked for a time at Kahn's in the Nurse Training Act at this time is to nearest grandchildren, Ewing and Corky, Attalla, and then for the Public Works Ad­ avoid any abrupt change in the funding sons of LaRue and her son, Harold. When ministration. Her last position, and from for some 1,400 nursing programs with she lived across the street from them in which she retired at age 67, was with the nearly a quarter of a million nursing the Cox Gap Community, their daily visits Holy Name of Jesus Hospital. students. I believe we need to take a (sometimes more often) were a constant Her daughter, Lorraine, says she was al­ joy. "Those were the happy days," she says. ways "there" and ready to talk and help her careful look at the various sources of Now with the untimely death of her son, children with their problems. In fact, Ber­ support, and precisely how those pro­ Harold, life has changed somewhat. The nice has spent almost her entire life helping grams are helping to meet the public's two boys and their mother have moved in others who needed her, but of all the sacri­ need for health care. Several important closer to town and school (Ewing is in the fices she has made for her husband, her chil­ nursing studies are now underway, and 5th Grade and Corky is in the 4th at Cur­ dren, her family, and her friends, the quality I look forward to reviewing the results. tiston Elementary), and Bernice, suffering that truly sets Bernice Saxon apart is her Indeed, sound data is needed as the basis from the trauma of Harold's death and a ability to make it appear that "it wasn't any for making future legislative changes. fall, has moved into the Attalla Nursing effort at all-just all in a day's work." Now, Home. within the confines of the Attalla Nursing Meanwhile, I believe it is essential to Families. She knows about them, too. She Home, she can sit back in her easy chair assure continuity in these important was one of six children (Lonnie-now de­ and know that she has done her best. nurse training authorities. In my State, ceased, Ewing-now deceased, Marvin-our for example, there are 24 schools of neighbor, Elioise-now Mrs. Polk Miller of nursing with nearly 3,800 students. If the Cave Springs Community, and Chris­ REMARKS ON LEGISLATION TO EX­ tine-now Mrs. Frank Berry of Atlanta) of there is to be a change in the focus of Forney and Clara (Brothers) Cox, born on TEND THE NURSE TRAINING ACT our funding, it is only reasonable tha' a farm in Cox Gap, where she has lived with­ we provide these and other schools anc in a two mile radius all her life. She and HON. TIM LEE CARTER students with appropriate warning to al­ her two brothers, Marvin and Ewing, walked low time to plan for whatever changes all the way (about 2 and one-half miles) OF KENTUCKY may be adopted. through mud (there were no paved roads IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES back then.) and rain to Pleasant Hill School Thursday, January 19, 1978 which was held in the Pleasant Hill Baptist FLOOD VICTIMS Church on Duck Springs Road. Later on her Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I am father hitched Clifford, one of their gentle pleased to join Chairman ROGERS of the horses, to a buggy, and she and her brothers HON. JOHN P. MURTHA rode in luxury. When she attended Etowah Health and Environment Subcommittee High School, the distance of 8 miles was too in introducing legislation today to ex­ OF PENNSYLVANIA much for one day, and she boarded on 5th tend the Nurse Training Act for 2 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESE.NTATIVES Avenue. years for the same total authorization Thursday, January 19, 1978 It wasn't long before one of the local boys as the current law, Public Law 94-63. noticed this charming young lady, and at Within the· annual total authorization, Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, in re­ 19 Bernice was married to William B. Saxon, we propose to transfer the $5 million au­ sponse to the devastating flood that hit a farmer whose father owned a large farm Johnstown and other parts of the dis­ in the Cox Gap Community. They were thorized for financial distress which has blessed with three children, Donald, Harold, not been funded, to the special project trict I represent last summer, the out­ and Lorraine (now Mrs. Denson Allen of Hi­ grant authority where it can be used pouring of help and personal assistance ram, Georgia). Life wasn't easy on the farm, more effectively. from people throughout the country has and Bernice worked too hard and played too Mr. Speaker, over the years I have been heartwarming. little. But that was the way she liked it. Life been and continue to be a strong support­ It is impossible to mention all of the was her husband and her children. She instances, but I would like to share one would quickly tell you that she has milked er of the nursing profession, and I have many a cow, (sitting on a stool), howed helped develop legislation to assist in case with you. and picked many a bale of cotton, made their training. There can be no doubt I was well aware that our colleague sauerkraut, picked peas and beans, and that Federal support for nursing schools Congressman BILL FoRD was generous canned hundreds of apples and pears from and students has been instrumental in and helpful, but I was not aware this was the fruit trees on their farm. Cooking back alleviating what was a serious shortage true of the entire 15th District of Mich­ then meant chopping and hauling logs to igan. burn in the big black iron stove in her of registered nurses. At the present time kitchen. She was a wonderful cook. Her there are 961,000 practicing nurses. A continuing drive for money and kitchen was always filled with mouth-water­ Moreover, we have recently begun to see clothes for the citizens of Johnstown has ing aromas, and a dinner-time visitor was a gradual increase in the numbers of been spearheaded in Dearborn Heights always asked to pull up a chair and "take nurses with advanced preparation for and neighboring communities. out." Some of the groups involved were St. Cave Springs Baptist Church is her positions in administration and supervi­ church, having been a member since early sion of nursing services, in nursing edu­ Mel's parish, St. Sabina's elementary childhood. Her father and husband were cation and also more nurse clinicians. school and Confraternity of Christain deacons there until their death. She was a While ten years ago, only about 13 per­ doctrine, Corrigan and Red Ball Moving strong believer in training her children in cent of nurses held a baccalaureate or Co.'s., MacLeod Office Supply, D & 162 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 C stores, the high schools of Bishop to also be used for the flood victims. We are to help this segment of the beer Borgress, Cherry Hill, Crestwood, Divine grateful to the Firefighters, Monsignor Hunt industry. Child, and Riverside, District 7 Dad's Knights of Columbus Retirees, St. Mel's, the Lions Club, the Police Supervisors, and in­ The article follows: Club, and the Kiwanis Club. Other help­ dividuals for this generous cash donation. TEXAS BREWERY SAVORS ITS SUDS ing organizations are mentioned in the I trust I haven't forgotten anyone. following two articles from the Dear­ (By Tim Moore) We of Johnstown salute Dearborn Heights SHINER, TEx.-For the 42 Shiner beer em­ born Heights Leader which I would like and its people for remembering us Jn our to insert into the RECORD, along with time of need. God bless you all. ployees Friday afternoon is a time to reap Sincerely yours, what they have sown. At one o'clock the the thanks of myself and the entire plant shuts down and everyone from sales Johnstown area community: DoNALD R. PETERSON, ;wator, manager L. J. "Speedy" Beal to brewmaster DH PROVIDES TONS OF CLOTHING FOR The Salvation Army. Johnny Hybner mix with tourists and Shin­ JOHNSTOWN JOHNSTOWN, PA. erites to enjoy kegs of cold beer in the hos­ Ten tons of winter clothing were trans­ pitality room of the nation's third smallest­ ported to Johnstown, Pa., last weekend by brewery. Corrigan Moving Systems of Dearborn, SPOETZL BREWERY BREWS And with the expected sale of the Pearl United Van Lines. It took Dearborn Heights' brewery in San Antonio, Shiner will become driver Jack Marshall nine hours to pull the the last surviving independent brewery in 45-foot trailer up and down the mountains HON. J. J. PICKLE the booming blllion-dollar Texas beer in­ dustry. That, says Beal, is worth drinking to. to reach his destination. OF TEXAS The clothing will be distributed to the "We've been here a long time, and I feel victims of the devastating July flood by the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES like we're going to survive the crunch," said Johnstown Citadel of the Salvation Army Thursday, January 19, 1978 Beal, whose Czech ancestors were among the ann Catholic Charities. first to work at the brewery when it began It was collected by Dearborn Heights vet­ Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, for the past in 1909. "I was at a conference a year ago erans organizations, churches, schools, and 7 years I have expressed concern over and it was mentioned that by 1980 there were other organizations and from friends in the decline of the small beer breweries in going to be only 10 brewery companies in the neighboring communities. Dearborn Heights America. nation. I came back and told Mr. Ladshaw, Firefighters and veterans handled special our president, and he said 'Really, Shiner pick-up. While I was on the Interstate and For­ and who else?' " Local men and women sized, sorted and eign Commerce Committee, I chaired Ironically, it is Shiner, the smallest of packed the clothing in the gym of North hearings on the failure of the Federal Texas' seven breweries that worries the least Dearborn Heights' Warren Valley School. Trade Commission to pursue possible about the heavyweight competition in the Packing boxes were donated by both Cor­ Robinson-Patman violations by the na­ nation's third largest beer producing state. rigan and Rose Moving and Storage of Dear­ tional breweries in forcing regional The annual Shiner production of 42,000 bar­ born Heights. breweries out of business. The following rels is so low that Beal admits some of the Casb contri,butions from Msgr. Hunt session of Congress, I presented my evi­ larger breweries "don't know we exist." Knights of Columbus Retirees, Lions club, But for the other regional breweries in St. Mel's Christian Mothers, Firefighters, Po­ dence to a special committee, ably Texas, specifically Lone Star and Pearl, "be­ lice Supervisors Association, and several in­ chaired by HENRY GONZALEZ of San An­ ing a gem among giants" in the words of one dividuals will be used to purchase blankets tonio, which was reviewing the whole Pearl official, has not been enough. Last year and small appliances (toasters and coffee area of Robinson-Patman enforcement. Lone Star stockholders voted to sell out to pots) for the flood victims. Our esteemed colleague laid out the facts the nation's sixth largest beer producer, And it isn't over yet! Pvt. John Lyskawa that the FTC and Justice Department Olympia. Beer of Seattle. And it is no secret V.F.W., 6828 Waverly, will hold a fund-raiser had ignored Robinson-Patman viola­ among brewmasters here that Pabst of Mil­ Friday, Nov. 18, with proceeds earmarked waukee and Pearl are now at the negotiat­ for Christmas candy (or other Christmas tions in many areas as well as in the ing table. treats) for the children of the flood victims. beer industry. Pearl and Lone Star are the casualties of Admission is $5 and includes beer, set-ups, During the congressional break for the wha.t is becoming an increasingly hot battle­ and music for dancing. Christmas holidays, the Washington field in the beer industry-Texas. Last year Post ran an article about the demise of over 10 m111ion barrels of beer were sold in THANKS FROM JOHNSTOWN the small beer companies. The feature Texas and generated a record $100 m111ion AN OPEN LETTER: brewery of the article was the Spoetzl in state taxes. The average Texan now drinks DEAR MR. AND MRS. PLUNKETT: You Will be Brewing Co., brewers of Shiner beer. 26.3 gallons of beer annually, and sales this delighted to know that we are in the process yea.r will topple 11 million barrels. of distributing the winter clothing that Spoetzl brewery is located in Shiner, With the exception of Pabst, all of the na­ Dearborn Heights citizenry made available Tex., which is in my congressional dis­ tion's top four beer manufacturers have to us. We have given about five pick-up loads trict the lOth of Texas. breweries serving Texas, and number five, to Tanneryvllle where clothing is direly The newspaper article gives a small Coors, which plunged statewide into the needed. Texas market in 1976, has gone all out to Be assured as per your request, that we sample of the flavor of the rich and vig­ take the number one sales spot away from wlll be mosi; happy to see to it that referrals orous history of the Shiner brewery, Schlitz. from Catholic Charities w111 be taken care which since 1909 has served the Czechs Last yea.r with Anheuser-Busch suffering of. and Germans of this part of Texas so from a three-month strike, SchUtz sold over I would certainly want to express appre­ well. 3 million barrels of beer in Texas while ciation to the Allled Veterans Council and In 1976, President Ford signed into Coors followed closely with sales of 2.7 mil­ their coordinator, Councllman Thomas llon barrels. Combined with number 3 An­ Wayne of Dearborn Heights, for giving his law a tax bill that I introduced in the heuser-Busch, the top three companies com­ blessing and assistance in this project and House to lower the Federal beer excise prise well over 70 per cent of the beer to his wife, Virginia, for all her help. tax on small breweries. The bill passed market. A special word of thanks goes to Thomas in the Senate under the guidance and "We've been seeing this coming for the and Paul Corrigan of Corrigan Moving Sys­ leadership of Senator HUBERT HUMPHREY. past 10 years," said Jess Yaryan, regional tems who provided the ~ractor-traller to director in Texas for the National Associa­ make possible the delivery of the clothing. Every Member of the House can list tion of Brewers in America (NABA). "The Special thanks to Jack Marshall who gave a bill, or bills, that he or she pushed in trend is for fewer and bigger breweries, espe­ up his time from work to drive the truck to the House that was a success because of cially in a State that's growing like Texas. Johnstown, and to his wife, Marge, and your the incredible legislative leadership of The small, regional beers just can't com­ own wonderful family for an your work­ the Senator from Minnesota. pete." even helping to unload the moving van here. The beer excise tax bill was a small The trend goes beyond Texas. The NABA We in Johnstown are indebted to the citi­ in Washington reports that in 1960 the zens of Dearborn Heights and to your !'riends matter in the overall revenue picture, but United States had 171 different beer com­ in neighboring communities for this tre­ HUBERT HUMPHREY knew no small or big panies with 229 breweries. Today 41 com­ mendous act of compassion-to the veterans people, or small or big problems. He knew panies survive with 88 breweries. and their wives for collecting, sizing, ~orting if people were involved, then he wanted In Texas beer drinkers have seen labels and packing, to the churches, schools, Ki­ to help. llke Mitchell, Blue Bonnet, Grand Prize and wanis, and other organizations who had Mr. Speaker, the article I place in the Southern Select pass with the times. For drives of their own, to the Firefighters for years the top selllng beer in Texas was Fal­ their special assistance, and to all the others CONGRESSIONAL RECORD proves that the staff which held the number one selllng spot who donated goods and time to this project. small brewery problem involves people, from 1951 well into the 1960s, when local The clothing was a tremendous gift in it­ and is a real problem. Senator HUM­ beers accounted !or at least 90 percent of self, but above and beyond that was the cash PHREY was on target, as always, in trying the market. January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 163 But in 1965 SchUtz built a brewery in Long Despite their sellout to Olympia, Lone Star had to say to enjoy hearing him say it, View and Anheuser-Busch followed suit in remains a healthy beer in Texas, finishing with candor and with good humor. Houston. Miller bought out the failing Car­ fourth in sales last year. The company is most His wife, Muriel, and his family can ling brewery in Ft. Worth and premium closely identified with the Texas country find comfort in knowing that one of the beer became available at local prices. The music youth culture using progressive coun­ picture began to change. By 1974 Schlitz and try singers like Jerry Jeff Walker, Wllly Nel­ reasons America is beautiful is because Budweiser were the top two sellers in Texas, son, and Waylon Jennings to support its HUBERT HUMPHREY was here. and Miller was closing in fast. image. "I just think that beer companies realized "In 1973, 90 per cent of the youth in Texas back then that Texas was one of the places thought we were so square that they wouldn't to be,'' said Mike Hopkins, president of the be caught dead with a Lone Star in front of BOTSWANA: ABEACONOFFREEDOM Wholesale Beer Distributors of Texas, a them," said Sullivan, whose office is lined AND GOOD SENSE trade association that represents about 400 with Lone Star beer posters and bumper wholesalers. "It's a good beer state, and it's stickers. "Now we're more representative of getting better." the contemporary, hip western lifestyle. HON. PAUL SIMON Texas' rise in the beer industry is not co­ We've got the blue jean denim image but OF ILLINOIS incidental with its sharp increase in popu­ without the hard work.'' lation. Since 1970 Texas has experienced 11 .5 In addition, Lone Star has made the "long IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent population increase, making it the neck" bottle (the company has a state patent Thursday, January 19, 1978 third fastest growing State in the country. on the name long neck), as much a part of Also the 18-year-old drinking law was passed Texas folklore as the jackalope. Now a strong Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, we spend so in 1973, and beer companies estimate that 60 per cent of its business is in a returnable much time focusing our attention on the the teenagers account for almost 30 per­ bottle, and in 1975 in Austin (home of the trouble spots of the world that often we cent of their sales. The warm climate is also University of Texas) sales jumped a whop­ do not pay attention to areas o.: stability enticing to beer companies, as well as some ping 47 per cent. and freedom and progress. lenient State laws that permit drinking beer But if Lone Star has benefited from its new, in public or while driving a car. The Washington Post had an article useful image, Pearl has suffered for not hav­ by J. Regan Kerney about Botswana, one The low State excise tax, $5 per barrel, is ing any clear image at all. certainly easier on the companies than "During the years we were no. 1 in Texas of the countries in the southern part of neighboring Oklahoma, which charges $10 a I think our image was clearly the working Africa, which has neighbors with great barrel. Some States even go much higher, man's beer," said Marsh. "Lately we have gone difficulties. Happily that is not the case such as South Carolina with $23.80 a barrel. after the youth market and also tried to re­ for Botswana. Retailers enjoy the fact that Texas is a tain our older image. In the process, we faded I am pleased to call to the attention of "cash state" and that bigger wholesalers a bit." my colleagues in the House the fine can't buy on credit, thus no clear advantage However, the sale of Pearl Lite with only 70 is given for buying in quantity. The state record of Botswana: calories has been very successful, according LETTER FROM BoTSWANA: TExAS-SIZE COUNTRY legislature allows only four different con­ to Marsh, quadrupling the sales. Last year the tainers to be marketed, and with Texas be­ IN SOUTHERN AFRICA ENJOYS TRANQUILLITY owners, Southdown, Inc., announced that the AND TRUE DEMOCRACY ing one of the largest aluminum manufac­ brewery was for sale despite a year of profits turers in the country, materials are cheaper and a number six finish in state sales. (By J. Regan Kerney) and easily attained. Marsh, a dapper Englishman who fre­ GABORONE.-There are no coups here, no With such an excellent breeding ground quently speaks of "the mother country," la­ wars no political prisoners. for the beer giants, the state legislature has ments the disappearance of the regional There are no riots, and crime is not taken steps to protect the smaller com­ breweries. Region11.1 breweries are needed, rampant. The press, athough government­ panies. In 1971 it passed the Shiner beer law, owned, is not censored. The people, 1! not which gives any brewery producing less than Marsh said, because they have personallty and participate in community events like wealthy, are not starving. 60,000 barrels a year a 25 per cent tax break U.ntil April of this year, there was not even on the state exolse tax. And in 1976 Presi­ trail rides, rattlesnake rodeos, concerts, and picnics. With the-domination of the big brew­ an army. dent Ford signed a similar bill, which re­ There is, of course, political opposition--a duced the small breweries federal excise tax eries much of this small friendliness is lost, he added. Marxist party that wants very much to throw from $9 to $7. It was all very helpful, said the Western-leaning government out of office. the small breweries, but it didn't help where The light taste of beer has increased the sales of one brewery tremendously. The Miller But the Marxists are operating at the polls they were hurting the most: the advertising instead of from the hills. They are not doing budget. Brewing Company is reportedly to make a big jump in the Texas ratings, according to too well either. In a byelection in October, "It wasn't until the mid-60s that the big more than 1,500 votes were cast in a key national breweries really started investing NABA, and will be battling it out with the other top three brands. district. The Marxist candidate got 27. in advertising, and we started to feel the So much for the revolution. crunch," said Bob Marsh, public relations And now even Shiner is thinking of intro­ This is Botswana, a country in the center director for Pearl, Texas• oldest brewery. "If ducing a light beer-a substantial change of southern Africa with an area of 220,000 Schlitz spends $2 million a year on advertis­ from what the early 1900 German and Czech square miles, making it about the size of ing then we've got to do the same just to keep people were drinking In Texas. either Texas or France. up with them. But our stockholders and "There are some things the big breweries do With a population of slightly more than corporate directors make the decisions and that we've got to copy," said Speedy Beal. 750,000, Botswana is tied with Mauritania as nobody feels confident enough with the suc­ "Even if we do sell just in a hundred mile the least densely populated nation on the cess of a regional brewery to say 'Hey, let's radius.'' African continent. spend $10 million on advertising.'" Perhaps more significantly, according to Barry Sullivan, vice president of market­ groups like Amnesty International, Bots­ ing for Lone Star, feels "almost hopeless" in SENATOR HUMPHREY wana's open, multiparty political system the face of the national brands' advertising ranks it along with tby Gambl!:. as one of abil1ties. the only two true democracies in Africa. "Television is a bear, and if you're big in America today you can't get by without HON. JOHN N. ERLENBORN In the year of human rights, this gives using it," said Sullivan. "It's tough for us OF ILLINOIS Botswana a tremendous appeal for aid-giving countries. This fiscal year, Botswana is to compete when Schlitz brings you Monday IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES getting $50 million in foreign aid. Night Football, Miller brings you the Olym­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 While this may not sound like much, Bots­ pics, and Budweiser brings you the rest. Our wana, because of its smaller population, finds advertising budget compared to their's 1s a Mr. ERLENBORN. Mr. Speaker, for all itself well ahead of aid showcases such as drop in the bucket." of my political life I have heard, seen, Tanzania on a per capita basis. According to "Advertising Age" last year and read reports Of HUBERT HUMPHREy's Schlitz spent an estimated $34 m1111on on "You can't give this country enough, its promotion while Miller and Anheuser-Busch stand on a variety of issues. human rights record is so good," said a spent $29 million and $28 m1llion respec­ HUBERT HUMPHREY fought long and diplomat here. tively. Although Coors spent only $2 mlllion hard for those things he felt were im­ Despite this, Botswana goes unnoticed. cor­ in 1976 the Golden, Colo., based company respondents and diplomats pass over, around portant. He fought fairly and with honor and through Botswana on their way to has already announced a $13 million adver­ for those principles he held dear. tising project this year, $4 million of which southern Africa's trouble spots. says a company spokesman, will find its way Mr. Speaker, the voice of this man has Few stop to see Botswana. Some have never into Texas. been stilled, and that is a real loss to heard of Gaberone-pronounced Hah-bohr­ In contrast to those big budgets, last year this country he loved so well and which OH nee-the capital. Pearl spent $384,000 while Lone Star spent loved him in return. You did not have Idl Amin gets attention. Botswana is closer to $500,000. to agree with what HUBERT HUIIPHREY ignored. 164 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 "Please say something about this coun­ EDWARD WEBER AND THE I join the members of the association in try," pleads U.S. Ambassador Donald C. Mor­ TOWNSHIP OF UNION, N.J. saluting Ed Weber and his wife, .A.lme, tland. and their two sons, Peter and Edward, Indeed, Botswana deserves credit for b-eing for contributing so much of their energy an oasis of stab111ty in the middle of HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO and resources to making Union Town­ turbulent southern Africa. OF NEW JERSEY ship an all-American city. They are an To large extent, the country's political IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unity is traceable to the fact that Botswana, all-American family whom I am hon­ unlike many other African countries, is pop­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 ored to represent in the U.S. House of Representatives. ulated mainly by one group, the Tswana, Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, the town­ who speak a common language, Setswana. ship of Union, N.J., was recently desig­ Even Botswana's democratic practices have tribal roots in the traditional tswana nated an All-American City because of kgotla, or elders' council, at which opposi­ the many outstanding deeds of commu­ GEN. STONEWALL JACKSON tion is encouraged-indeed, expected-be­ nity leaders and local institutions in fore a vote on any issue is taken. forging a long record of community im­ Botswana's president is Sir Seretse Khama, provement. HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN grandson of the Tswana paramount chief Neighborhoods and families in Union, OF WEST VIRGINIA who sought protectorate status from the the young and the old, business and gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES British when he saw Boer and English set­ ernment have been united for many years tlers charging through the neighboring tribal to make Union Township an outstanding Thursday, January 19, 1978 lands that later became Rhodesi·a. community. In many respects, it serves Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, Satur­ A soft-spoken, down-to-earth man who day marks the 154th anniversary of the shuns publicity, Khama leads the Botswana as a model for suburban-urban area in Democratic Party, which holds 28 of the 32 controlling crime, providing job oppor­ birth of one of America's most brilliant elected seats in the National Assembly. His tunities, creating an atmosphere for busi­ military tacticians-Gen. Thomas Jona­ party's platform supports democracy, devel­ ness expansion and prosperity, and in than

inclusion in West European governments. Better still, the President should order the DELEGATION HEDJAZIENNE, His outspokenness on the issue had been mass explusion of all known communist in­ Paris, March 3, 1919. widely criticized, and a.t times appeared ex­ telligence personnel from the United States cessive. and decree that the omcia.l communist repre­ DEAR MR. FRANKFURTER: I want to take this Last spring the Administration muted such sentation will be permanently reduced by opportunity of my first contact with Amer­ outspokenness in favor of a. talk-softly ap­ the number ousted. He should announce that ican Zionists to tell you what I have often proach stressing that the matter of Com­ if a. communist representative is detected in been able to say to Dr. Weizma.nn in Arabia munist participation in Western govern­ clandestine activity, he will be expelled and and Europe. ments "was to be decided by the governments no replacement permitted. (This is essentially We feel that the Arabs and Jews are and people involved." the policy Great Britain adopted in 1971 and cousins in race, having suffered similar op­ The Administration has rightly not aban­ has followed successfully ever since.) Finally, pressions a.t the hands of powers stronger doned that view in its latest pronounce­ whenever Soviet agents who do not have im­ than theinselves, and by a. happy coincidence ments. Yet such a.. position does not mean munity are caught, they should be vigorously have been able to take the first step towards that the volume of American comment on prosecuted and imprisoned for as long as the the attainment of their national ideals to­ such a. vital issue must forever remain at law allows. Releasing spies invites Soviet con­ gether. a. whisper. At appropriate times-such as tempt, not cooperation. We Arabs, especially the educated among during the current crisis in Rome-the vol­ Most important of all, the government us, look with the deepest sympathy on the ume should be turned up. should stop covering up the truth about Zionist movement. Our deputation here in Soviet espionage. Once the American people Paris is fully acquainted with the proposals understand the magnitude of the KGB's submitted yesterday by the Zionist Orga.­ COMMUNIST SPYING ON THE efforts to undermine the United States, they niza tion to the Peace Conference, and we re­ INCREASE will support overwhelmingly whatever action gard them as moderate and proper. We will is required to end this secret war. do our best, in so far as we are concerned, to help them through: we w111 wish the Jews HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK a. most hearty welcome home. OF OHIO HISTORY'S REPETITION~ With the chiefs of your movement, espe­ GLORIOUSLY cially with Dr. Weizmann, we have had and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES continue to have the closest relations. He Thursday, January 19, 1978 has been a. great helper of our cause, and I HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD hope the Arabs may soon be in a position Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I am OF MICHIGAN to make the Jews some return for their kind­ ness. We are working together for a reformed deeply concerned by the growing num­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ber of Soviet and Communist bloc spies and revived Near East, and our two move­ who are operating in the United States. Thursday, January 19, 1978 ments complete one another. The Jewish This increase poses a danger to the se­ movement is national and not imperialist. Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, over Our movement is national and not imperial­ curity of our Nation. the past several weeks we have been ist, and there is room in Syria for us both. John Barron, an expert on the Soviet witnessing important new steps toward Indeed 1 think that neither can be a. real suc­ spy apparatus, says in a recent Reader's peace in the Middle East. As is the case cess without the other. Digest article that Soviet bloc intelli­ with any diplomatic initiative of far­ People less informed and less responsible gence ofiicers inside the United States reaching significance, these negotiations than our leaders and yours, ignoring the need have jumped approximately 50 percent have involved a give-and-take that has for cooperation of the Arabs and Zionists since the so-called era of detente began captured the attention of the world and have been trying to exploit the local diiDcul­ in 1972. In fact, there are now so many created great pressures on both sides. ties that must necessarily arise in Palestine of these spies that our counterintelli­ Although there have been ups and downs in the early stages of our movements. SOme gence officers cannot keep track of them. of them have, I am afraid, misrepresented in the talks, it is very encouraging that your aiins to the Arab peasantry, and our Barron states: both Israel and Egypt have recognized aims to the Jewish peasantry, with the result Today, there are more professional com­ each other's right to exist as modern that interested parties have been able to munist spies a.t work in Washington than states. make capital out of what they call our there are American counter-intelligence In a recent editorial, Detroit Jewish differences. agents available to watch them. News editor Philip Slomovitz points out I wish to give you my firm conviction that Barron continues: that this recognition has a precedent in these differences are not on questions of So ma.ny Russians freely roam the United history. I commend this article to my principle, but on matters of detail such as States that at any given time no government colleagues' attention: must inevitably occur in every contact of neighboring people, and a.s are easily ad­ agency knows precisely how many are here, HISTORY'S REPETiriONs-GLORIOUSLY where they are or what they are doing. So­ justed by mutual goodw111. Indeed nearly all Justice, fairness, truth, the glory of hu­ of them will disappear with fuller knowledge. viet agents invade the privacy of hundreds man relations are being enacted amidst of thousands of American citizens each day I look forward, and my people with me look friendly reactions in an atmosphere that forward, to a. future in which we wm help by illega.Ily intercepting, recording and anal­ ha.d been viewed as one tarnished by war­ yzing their telephone conversations. you and -you will help us, so that the coun­ fare. tries in which we are mutually interested The immense nature of the Soviet spy History is, indeed, being re-enacted in the may once a.ga.in take their places in the com­ effort is also apparent from the remarks Middle East. munity of civilized peoples of the world. The occurrences in Cairo are even more Believe me, of Raymond Wannall, former FBI direc­ glorious than those that took place on the tor of Counterintelligence. According to Yours sincerely Island of Rhodes in 1949. FEISAL. Wannall: At that time the achievement was one of In magnitude and intensity, the Russians' cease fire and armistice. MARCH 5, 1919. But there was a.n even more dramatic current subversive campaign exceeds any RoYAL HIGHNEss: Allow me, on behalf of they have mounted against us since World precedent for peace. the Zionist Organization, to acknowledge War II. In 1919, Dr. Chaim Weizma.nn, who in your recent letter with deep appreciation. 1948 became the first President of Israel, Those of us who come from the United The U.S. response to increasing Soviet met in the desert with Emir Feisal, who spy activities has been inadequate. It is States have already been gratified by the was soon to become the president of Iraq, friendly relations and the active cooperation time we adopted a get-tough policy on now one of the countries most antagonistic maintained between you a.nd the Zionist such activities. to Israel. The Emir Feisa.l then told the world Zionist leader that the Arabs recog­ leaders, particularly Dr. Weizma.nn. We knew I strongly agree with John Barron it could not be otherwise; we knew that the when he says that it is the "time for nized Jewry's right to a. homeland. The friendly spirit that then existed between aspirations of the Arab and the Jewish peo­ truth." Among his suggestions, which I Arabs and Jews was symbolized in a.n ex­ ples were parallel, that each aspired to re­ believe have merit, are the following: change of letters between Felix Frankfurter, establish its nationality in its own home­ The government can quickly terminate one of the Jewish representatives a.t the land, each making its own distinctive the Soviet interception of telephone calls. It Versailles Peace Conference after World War contribution, each seeking its own peaceful knows which Russians are manning eaves­ I and who was later to be elevated to a. U.S. mode of life. dropping equipment, and where. President Supreme Court Justiceship, and Feisa.l. They The Zionist leaders and the JewiSh people Carter merely has to order that those agents signified a. determination that Jews and for whom they speak have watched with be deported forthwith. If Moscow dispatches Arabs were to live in peace in the Middle satisfaction the spiritual vigor of the Arab replacements, they too can be quickly East. Their letters, which retain their his­ movement. Thexnselves seeking justice, they expelled. toric significance, follow: are anxious that the just national aims of 168 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 the Arab people be confirmed and safeguard­ businessmen madly scramble to do busi­ there is to supply them that kind of political ed by the Peace Conference. ness with the Soviet Union, I can almost safety-valve. We knew from your acts and your past hear them say: "Have another glass of We are not going to contribute to peace utterances that the Zionist movement-in by some brilliantly logical plan which is so other words, the national aims of the Jewish Pepsi-Cola, comrade." very logical that all sides have to buy it. The people-had your support and the support world doesn't work that way. of the Arab people !or whom you speak. And we are not going to contribute to These aims are now before the Peace Con­ BETTER RIGHT-THAN LOVED peace by soft-soaping both sides and winning ference as definite proposals by the Zionist their affection. Organization. We are happy indeed that you And that is why these honeyed words and consider these proposals "moderate and HON. ROBERT H. MICHEL juggled phrases worry me. proper," and that we have in you a staunch OF ILLINOIS I'm afraid that this is what we're doing supporter for their realization. For both the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now because when Andrew Young charged Arab and the Jewish people there are diffi­ around Africa upsetting the delicate balance culties ahead-difficulties that challenge the Thursday, January 19, 1978 of previous arrangements-the President united statesmanship of Arab and Jewish Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, recently thought Young had done a great job because leaders. For it is no easy task to rebuild two Anshai Emeth and Agudas Achim, Andy made so many friends there and they great civilizations that have been suffering prominent congregations in Peoria, held all seemed to love him! oppression and misrule for centuries. We What African national leaders needed was each have our difficulties we shall work out a joint religious service and invited me to somebody to blame to their own zealots for as friends, friends who are animated by sim­ be the speaker at this historic occasion. sane steps toward moderation and transi­ ilar purposes, seeking a free and full devel­ During my speech I spoke of the current tion-not somebody to love. And we de­ opment for the two neighboring peoples. The negotiations between Egypt and Israel. I stroyed peace initiatives there already Arabs and Jews are neighbors in territory; we can assure you that the audience made it pre-arranged and left Africa heading toward cannot but live side by side as friends. very clear, both in their evident interest Gotterdammerung, and the monstrous, per­ Very respectfully, in the topic and by questions after the haps impossible, task later of lifting them­ FELIX FRANKFURTER. selves out of the rubble. speech, that a just and lasting peace in That same misdirection, therefore, seems Now these documents return to signifi­ the Middle East is foremost in their implicit in Carter's Mideast antics. cance, as guidelines for a lasting peace be­ minds. If he wants to be loved, it is a "confiict of tween Arabs and Jews, with Egypt's Presi­ During that speech I spoke of Presi­ interest" that really clouds decision-making. dent Anwar Sadat taking the lead to dent Carter's recent efforts to involve the establish the vitally needed amity together United States in these negotiations. I with Israel's Prime Minister Menahen Begin. quoted the New York Times, the Wash­ A TRIBUTE TO GEN. ROBERT E. LEE These are the realities of justice super­ seding hatreds ington Star, and others who were highly This is a repetition of an historic experi­ critical of the President's confusing and HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II ence that must be valued by all, that should often contradictory statements about his OF VIRGINIA serve as an encouragement for peace every­ views concerning the negotiations. As one where. observer put it: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This is an admonition that the phrase President Carter is giving the Israelis and Thursday, January 19, 1978 "history repeats itself" can, as it should, be the Egyptians the 50-50 treatment. He con­ imbedded in the glory of fair play, never to fuses Prime Minister Begin on Monday, Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Speaker, in the 94th be erased. Wednesdays and Fridays and confuses Pres­ Congress I introduced a resolution tore­ ident Sadat on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Sat­ store posthumously full rights of citizen­ urdays ... ship to Gen. Robert E. Lee. On August 5, ANOTHER GLASS OF PEPSI-COLA, 1975, legislation achieving this goal was COMRADE This confusion is, to put it mildly, not signed into law by the President. To have helping things. What the Israelis and the been able to participate in restoring citi­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK Egyptians need is not being told what zenship rights to this great American is they want to hear, but, instead, the truth, indeed a privilege. It is with pride that OF OHIO objective, factual, and unyielding. Only if I today would like to place in the CoN­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they know exactly what is on the mind of GRESSIONAL RECORD a tribute to Gen. Rob­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 the President of the United States can ert E. Lee in recognition of the 171st any real progress be made. anniversary of his birth. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in the This important fact was recently dis­ last few years there has been a rush of cussed in an editorial in the Peoria Jour­ General Lee spent his youth in the American businessmen to the Soviet nal-Star. As the editor states: city of Alexandria which is in my district Union. Company executives have fallen President Carter wants to be loved by both and the support of the citizens in this over themselves trying to be the ones to sides but this is not really the function of area was a constant source of inspiration sell their products to the repressive President ... in my efforts to promote prompt enact­ Communist regime. ment of this legislation. I would like to I have never understood why American At this time I insert in the RECORD, share with my colleagues several articles businessmen are so eager to do business "Better Right-Than Loved," an editorial by members of the Creative Writing with the Soviets. After all, the free enter­ in the Peoria Journal-Star, January 16, Workshop of the Alexandria Community prise system which has allowed these 1978. Y which were published in the January businessmen to prosper is totally lacking The editorial follows: issue of the Alexandrian magazine. in the Soviet Union. BETTER RIGHT-THAN LOVED The literary works of Agnes Nasmith Nevertheless we have seen U.S. com­ What worries me about President Jimmy Johnston, Frances Umfleet, and Heidi panies offer to sell the Soviets every item Carter is that, apparently, he wants to be Bakker Merril, as a reminder of General loved-and this is not really the function of imaginable, including our most sophisti­ a President much less of American foreign Lee's contributions to the building of our cated equipment and our best technology. policy. Nation and display the deep admiration Even items with a potential military or His zig-zag statements on his recent tour held in the hearts of many for this great strategic value-such as computers, jet regarding the very sensitive peace move­ man. engines, and oil and gas drilling equip­ ment in Middle East suggested that he The articles follow: ment-have had a price tag. All this wanted to please . . . both sides. THE SPY FROM SEMINARY HILL despite the fact that the Soviet Union is I hope I'm wrong about that-because (By Frances Umfleet) our avowed enemy. that scares me to death. On a morning in September 1861 three One company that must be proud of its There are areas where Prime Minister little boys. Ned, Francis and Cazenove, thriving business with the Communists Begin must give in-but where he cannot climbed a big oak tree in a field in the rear is Pepsico Inc. Pepsico recently reached give in to Arab leaders and succeed. There of their home, Menokin, just across Brad­ tq are areas where Sadat and other leaders must dock Road from Seminary Hill. Cazenove, the an agreement double the number of its give in, but they cannot to Israel. oldest brother, had heard there was going Pepsi-Cola plants in the Soviet Union That's where we come in. to be a parade of Union soldiers, so the three and to increase imports of Stolichnaya Their domestic politics demands that they brothers had left home early in the morning Vodka into the United States. This will have somebody to blame for taking one step and climbed the tree, hidden themselves well bring the number of plants there to 10. more than their peoples really want. in the thick branches, and waited unseen to As Soviet officials watch American The one service we can bring for peace view the passing troops. They were so well January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 169 concealed in the leaves that they were un­ to her children and didn't see the maid call PTesident of the United States. His call to noticed when a handsome landau pulled up Mrs. Durant from the room, nor did she no­ anns, heard across the newly hewn timbers, under the tree. No one could mistake the tice that in a few minutes Mr. Lee, too, was reached William as a call to patriotism. When tall occupant-President A. Lincoln, who had beckone

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Red ken Labs ... ------______CommonA.P. Sstocks:. ______3, 500 11.000 38, 500. 00 6, 000 $8. 500 $51, 000. 00 R.P.M ___ ------6, 000 10. 125 60, 750.00 Best Products Co. , Inc ______500 26. 875 13, 437. 50 Taco BelL-- ____ ------______1, 400 23. 750 33, 250.00 Citation Cos., Inc ______6, 600 7. 250 47, 850. 00 Technicare Corp ______------______1, 600 13. 000 20, 800. 00 Computer Data Systems ______6, 300 2. 375 14, 962. 50 Transtechnology Corp ______22,000 3. 125 68, 750.00 Cross, A. T. Co. CLA . . ------1, 000 47.250 47, 250.00 1 ri-Chem, Inc ______------______4, 000 23. 125 92,500.00 Emerson 's, Ltd .. ______------22,000 No bid ------Tropicana Products .------______1, 000 33. 125 33, 125.00 Fidelity Union Life Ins. Co ______1,500 26. 375 39, 562. 50 WD-40 Co.------__ __------______2, 000 33.250 66, 500.00 Glenmor Distill. 8 ______4, 000 12. 000 48, 000. 00 Wiser Oil Co. DeJa ______800 59.00 47, 200.00 Gov'tSvcs S & L, Inc. Guar ______6, 000 7. 375 44, 250. 00 Management TV ______17, 000 No bid ------­ Total, common stocks ______------______846,945. 00 2, 000 No bid ------Preferred stock : Santa Fe Ind. $50______4, 000 10. 375 41 , 500.00 100 7. 575 757. 50 Notes : Chrysler Corp., 8Ys percent, Sept. 15, 1982 . $34,000 96. 000 32, 640. 00 Prime~~Rtfi::;~~r Computer, ~~~~~ Inc ~~ _-~~__ __ ~_ ~=______======_____== == --== ==__ 2, 000 25. 250 50, 500. 00 Pay N Pak Stores, Inc ______2, 000 14. 000 28, 000. 00 Total securities .. ______921, 085. 00

IN HONOR OF AN EAGLE SCOUT on January 26 but also for all future mer Fun Festival, the 10 Million Penny endeavors. Drive, the annual Christmas Parade and HON. RONALD A. SARASIN the needy family project. The Lincolnton Jaycees earned 1418 OF CONNECTICUT CHEERS FOR LINCOLNTON, N.C. JAYCEES "Parade of Chapter" lve the world's economic problems within with the abundance of material that is a healthy and logical response to reality. the framework of the U.N. and other inter­ available. That is perhaps best sum­ Whether or not we fully understand all of its national organizations. The answer to that implications (and even whether we like it or question wilt come easier if we keep in mind marized in an article by Prof. M. Harvey not). that new reality is the product of that the poor countries are trying-often Brenner, director of research of the changes in the world scene which have oc­ against overwhelming odds-to do something Metropolitan Planning and Research curred over the past few years-some more with which we as Americans can deeply sym­ Center at Johns Hopkins University. He subtle than others, but all of which are pathize-to improve the quality of life for wrote in Social Policy magazine an strongly oresent at the U.N. their peoples. article titled "Personal Stability and The most fundamental of these changes, Within the U.N. itself reorganizational ef­ Economic Security." of course, and the one from which many of forts are being made to give the poorer coun­ In the others directly flow, is the fact that the tries a greater voice in the U.N.'s develop­ there he says: U.N.'s membership has tripled since its ment programs. I described that restructur­ Even a one percent increase in unemploy­ founding 32 years ago. By contrast with the ing issue in my letter to you of November 23. ment, for example, creates a legacy of stress, ori~inal 51 members, most of whom shared While key aspects of the proposal are still aggression, and illness affecting society long Western traditions and addressed Western­ under negotiation (including the scope and into the future. oriented problems, a substantial percentage duties of a newly proposed position of U.N. In his article he points out that- of today's 149 U.N. members are newly in­ Director General), there is a growing possi­ dependent nations. The problems which bility that a final solution may come before A one percent sustained rise in unemploy­ they, in turn, bring to the U.N. involve both the close of the 32nd General Assembly. Al­ ment increases cardiovascular-renal disease old and new states-problems relating to the though the U.S. supports most of the basic deaths by a total comparable to 1.9 percent gap between the rich and poor countries and elements of the plan, we are still working of all such deaths in the fifth year there­ the need for an economic link between the to strengthen its chances for providing after. developing and industrial worlds. Devoid of greater efficiency and unity in overall U.N. He reaches the conclusion on the basis genteel Western traditions, these new states development operations. of his statisti:al analysis that the unem­ seek their goals in a rough and tumble style Future prospects: Despite the growing em­ of diplomacy; they often demand rather phasis on economic matters, the gap between ployment increase in 1970 resulted in than ask, and they may not always say "rich" and "poor" nations continues to 26,440 additional deaths due to cardio­ "thank you;" they are impatient anxious, widen. Thus, it appears inevitable that in vascular-renal problems. and determined. But, above all, they are future General Assembly sel:'sions the North/ He reaches the even more stunning oountries which have become significant South dialogue will accelerate. In turn, the conclusions that the 1970 increase in un­ participants in the world's equation of sup­ role and influence of the United States at the employment is responsible for some ply and demand. In short, they want their U.N. probably will undergo fundamental 51,570 total deaths. share of the pie and they want to be up on alteration in the years ahead. He also believes that an additional the world's stage with the other actors. I readily admit that I have no magic solu­ Too often, the cumulative effect of these tions to the dilemma and shocks these added 5,520 people were institutionalized in changes has been a cause for alarm and fear changes will continue to bring us. For the State mental hospitals because of the within the United States. Our once pre­ moment, my purpose merely is to signal increase in unemployment. dominate, almost exclusive role of influence the fact of change as I see it and explore its Even if you cut these figures in half, at the U.N. has been considerably dimin­ presence and future implications. Beyond it is a staggering loss for the Nation. ished. In the buffeting process our pride that I can only repeat my own conviction has been dented. We began to question the that we in the United States have a firm I hope my colleagues will keep this in desirability of our U.N. membership. potential hand on the handle while the mind as we face a number of issues that That type of doubt and dismay may be Soviets are still groping about in the dark. bear directly on the unemployment understandable but it too often fails to take According to present indications the 32nd problem. into account the fact that these new coun­ General Assembly will adjourn on Decem­ tries are in he U.N. in large measure because For the interest of my colleagues, I ber 21. Shortly thereafter I hope to sum­ am inserting into the RECORD the com­ of a U.S. policy which long pressed for an marize my thoughts about this entire ex­ end to colonial rule. In fact, throughout the perience in a final letter. Until then I'll be plete article by Professor Brenner: 1960's we welcomed the newly independent here in New York and will be pleased to re­ PERSONAL STABILITY AND ECONOMIC SECURITY states. Why, then, should we now be fear­ spond to any specific need or questions you (By M. Harvey Brenner) ful or alarmed? After all, aren't we actually may have. fulfilling our goal when we make it pos­ (NOTE.-The 1.4 percent rise in unemploy­ May I also take this opportunity to wish ment during 1970 has cost our society nearly sible for emerging nations to develop in ways you, your family and loved onec:; a joyous ::~nd which enable them to become prosperous $7 billion in lost income due to illness and peaceful Christmas. I look forward to seeing mortality, and in added state prison and trading partners. you when the 2nd Session of the 95th Con­ I have gone into this background only in mental hospital outlays. To this must be gress convenes in January. added public outlays of some $2.8 billion order to show the frame or reference in Sincerely, which the U.N.'s new direction makes his­ annually over the 1970 to 1975 period for job­ CHARLES W. WHALEN, Jr., less and welfare payments associated with toric sense. Member of Congress. Current situations: While this shift in the the sustained 1.4 percent rise in unemploy­ U.N. from political to economic issues re­ ment.) presents a challenge to our ingenuity andre­ The federal government has become rela­ sourcefullness, I have seen enough evidence UNEMPLOYMENT AND BAD tively adept since World War II at assessing here in New York over the past several weeks HEALTH the impact on income, prices, and employ­ to assure me that we are uniquely qualified ment of monetary and fiscal policy. But gov­ to meet that challenge. By stark contrast, I HON. PAUL SIMON ernment policy planners have had essentially also have noticed that the Soviet Union and no success in shedding light on the next other socialist states are befuddled in the OF ILLINOIS level-on the ensuing effects which changes face of this same challenge. As a matter of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in income, prices, and employment have on fact, as the U.N. daily responds to Third Thursday, January 19, 1978 individuals and on society. In effect, they World-sponsored resolutions, it is almost have focused on the technical linkages be­ pathetic to see the Soviets flounder about. Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, a few tween fiscal or monetary policy and economic The United States• creative potential to weeks ago I happened to be seated variables like unemployment; they have not 174 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 evaluated the relationship of these economic rise in unemployment during 1970 increased Percent total CVR disease deaths through 1975 by variables with individual behavior. Yet, it increase in is precisely the eventual impact of economic Social stress indicator Data period stress indicator 2.7 percent (1.9 percent times 1.4). There policy on individuals which should be the were 979,180 CVR disease deaths in 1975. focus of Washington officials, rather than Therefore, 2.7 percent, or 26,440 CVR deaths, Cardiovascular-renal disease the impact of this policy on the intervening mortality ______1940-73 1.9 may be directly attributed to the rise in economic variables. Total mortality ______1940-74 1.9 unemployment during 1970. Policy planners know, for example, that Table 2 shows, in fact, that the 1.4 per­ contractionary economic policies generate Note: Percent increase in Stress Indicator is measured as a cent rise in unemployment during 1970 is unemployment. In turn, this unemployment proportion of the total indicator incidence occurring in the 5th directly responsible for some 51,570 total will reduce incomes and output and enlarge year following the !-percent increase in unemployment. deaths, including 1,740 additional homi­ federal budget deficits as tax receipts fall cides, 1,540 additional suicides, and for 5,- and outlays rise for jobless benefits. They That same one percent rise in unemploy­ ment was found to increase the number of 520 additional state mental hospitalizations. also know that unemployment creates stress­ These are not major portions of the total ful situations for laid-off workers and their state mental hospitalizations for males as fam111es as well. And stress has long been well. That increase was comparable to 4.3 number of deaths, homicides, suicides, and ·recognized as a major contributor to a percent of all such admissions occurring in mental hospitalizations which occurred dur­ variety of physical and mental illnesses. Yet, the fifth year following the rise in unemploy­ ing 1970 through 1975. But, unlike most no systematic evaluation of this straight­ ment. The analogous rate for females was other factors which contributed to these forward relationship--the link between job found to be 2.3 percent. statistics, rising unemployment can be loss and stress-related illness-has occurred These figures reflect the cumulative im­ readily avoided. covering a long period of time or the entire pact over only a five-year lag period. As a It should be noted that the further in­ country. Similarly, no evaluation has been result they understate the eventual total creases in unemployment since 1970 are now made of the long-term links between unem­ long-term impact of a one percent rise in un­ having an additional impact on individuals ployment, income or price changes, and so­ employment. This understatement is partic­ cial indices of criminal aggression such as ularly significant for cardiovascular-renal and society-an impact which is not in any homicides and imprisonment. ( CVR) and cirrhosis diseases which typically fashion included in statistics in Table 2. An extensive body of literature does exist require many years even to be diagnosed. And this more recent rise in unemployment covering the relationShip over short periods Addltionaly, these figures understate the im­ has been striking. From 1970 to 1976 almost between various economic variables and one pact of unemployment, for they only include 4 million additional men and women have or two stress indicators. Failure to mount liver or CVR disease deaths-not persons been added to jobless rolls. This year the more comprehensive evaluations, however, in treated for these diseases when they did not unemployment rate has stagnated at close part reflects the relatively sanguine perform­ result in death. to 8 percent. By the end of this decade our ance of our postwar economy. Unt111971 un­ The low relative size of changes in these current unemployment will result in deaths employment had exceeded 5.7 percent only stress indicators due to unemployment twice since the 1940s and inflation exceeded fluctuations is not surprising. A bewildering and institutional admissions almost three 5.8 percent only once between the 1940s and variety of factors influence the mental and times larger than presented in Table 2. We 1969. A more important factor is the signif­ physical state of contemporary society, many have yet to bear the full toll from our pol­ icant data collection and management prob­ of which are far more influential than job­ icy failures over the past five years. lems. Many social indicators, for example, less status alone. The human tragedy of unemployment are discontinuous series frequently revised At the same time this study reveals that alone revealed by this study is shocking­ and subject to severe credlb111ty questions. unemployment has a strikingly potent im­ shocking enough to demand a persistent pri­ Data availab111ty, in fact, limited the scope pact on society. Even a one percent increase ority effort by Washington policy planners of this study to seven indicators of social in unemployment, for example, creates a stress, and to the postdepression period to reduce unemployment and to keep it low legacy of stress, aggression and illness af­ as well. At the same time we can go further throug1h the early 1970s. These seven in­ fecting society long into the future. In just dices are: total mortality, homicide, suicide, the subsequent five years, this study reveals and attach specific monetary values to the cardiovascular-renal disease mortality, cir­ that it has a multiplier effect far exceeding human toll portrayed in Table 2. rhosis of the liver mortality, total state im­ the relative size of the unemployment rise. THE COST IN DOLLARS prisonment, and state mental hospital ad­ missions. Each of these indicators of social THE HUMAN TOLL In instances of CVR disease, cirrhosis, sui­ stress was evaluated to determine its sensi­ The high elasticity between unemploy­ cide, homicide, and total mortality, appro­ tivity to changes in real income, to changes ment and indicators of stress has a more priate dollar values include foregone incomes in rates of inflation, and to changes in rates meaningful impact when translated to adjusted for age and sex characteristics. In of unemployment. human terms. For example, a one percent effect, illness and deaths attributed to unem­ The study revealed that all seven of these rise in unemployment will increase stroke, ployment reduce our nation's resources-our stress indicators are directly affected by heart, and kidney disease deaths. How many abil1ty to produce goods and services. One changes in the three national economic vari­ people will actually be affected? This and similar calculations for the other six evalu­ good measure of this loss is the foregone in­ ables. Changes in the unemployment rate come of deceased or ill workers. Direct have the most profound impact of the three ated stress indicators are presented in Table 2. medical costs for unemployment-related variables, and are reported on here. care should be included as well, RISING UNEMPLOYMENT-THE IMPACT TABLE 2.-CUMULATIVE IMPACT OF 1.4-PERCENT RISE IN In instances of state prison and mental Stress indicators UNEMPLOYMENT DURING 1970 hospital admissions, a similar accounting is Table 1 summarizes the level of sensitivity possible. This includes both lost or foregone to fluctuation in unemployment rates which Percent income due to incarceration or hospitaliza­ each of the stress indicators was discovered Stress increase Increase tion, plus direct outlays for prison/patient to have. For example, a sustained one percent incidence, in stress in stress rise in unemployment will increase the sui­ Social stress indicator 1975 indicator incidence maintenance. cide rate significantly over that year and the The human impact of the 1.4 percent rise subsequent five years. The effect is cumula­ Suicide ______26,960 5. 7 1, 540 in unemployment during 1970 was presented tive. Furthermore, the increase in suicide is State mental hospital in Table 2. Table 3 is based on that data but admissions ______117, 480 4. 7 5, 520 comparable to 4.1 percent of the suicides Sta!e prison admis- relies on cost data derived independently of which occur in the fifth year following the SIOns ______--- 136, 875 5. 6 7, 660 this study. Dollar values are attached to the sustained rise in unemployment. This con­ Homicide ______21,730 8. 0 1, 740 illness and institutional admissions which Cirrhosis of the liver clusion is based on data over the 34-year mortality ______32,080 2. 7 870 occurred from 1970 to 1975 as a result of the period 1940 to 1973. Cardiovascular-renal sustained 1970 increase in unemployment. disease mortality ___ 979, 180 2. 7 26, 440 TABLE I.-IMPACT OF A SUSTAINED I-PERCENT RISE Total mortality ______1, 910,000 2. 7 51,570 For example, this sustained unemployment IN UNEMPLOYMENT resulted in some 5,520 additional mental hos­ pital first admissions over the period 1970 Note: The figures given for stress incidence, 1975, for State Percer.t mental hospital admissions and State prison admissions are 1972 through 1975, as shown in Table 2. Combin­ increase in data (age 65 and under) and 1974 data, respectively. ing both foregone income and direct hospi­ Social stress indicator Data period stress indicator In 1970 unemployment rose 1.4 percent to talization outlays, the aggregate cost of these reach 4.9 percent: This 1.4 percent increase additional admissions was $82 mUllan in Suicide______1940-73 4.1 1975 dollars. The lost or foregone income State mental hospital admissions 1940-71 3. 4 has been sustained since that time. A one Males ______------4. 3 percent sustained rise in unemployment in­ component of this cost, as well as this com­ Females·------~------2. 3 creases CVR disease deaths by a total com­ ponent of other income figures presented in State prison admissions______1935-73 4.0 Table 3, is discounted using present value Homicide______1940-73 5. 7 parable to 1.9 percent of all such deaths in Cirrhosis of the liver mortality_ _ 1940-73 1. 9 the fifth year thereafter. The 1.4 percent calculations. January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 175

TABLE 3.-ECONOMIC LOSS RESULTING FROM SUSTAINED spiration to disadvantaged and middle at the University. At that time, I estimated 1.4-PERCENT RISE IN UNEMPLOYMENT DURING 1970 class Jewish youth all over the world. that the Korean government had imprisoned approximately 1,100 citizens against whom Through them, many young people have many were administered indescribable meth­ Loss sus­ been able to overcome despair and attain tained from ods of torture during their detention. Classification of 197()-75 dignity and respect while launching a But, perhaps as important to me as a law­ Social stress indicator economic cost (millions) promising career. For the graduates of yer was the discovery by me of the tenns these ORT programs, doors once closed and provisions of the Yushin Constitution. Suicide .. ______Suicide . . . ______$63 are now open and the motto of the ORT, In all of the years of my experiences with State mental hospital Hospitalization for 82 "To bring life to education-and educa­ other nations, I had no doubt that this Con­ admission. mental illness in tion to life" has real significance. stitution was one of the most authoritarian State and county What the Women's American ORT has instruments presently known in the annals mental hospitals. of national constitutions, including the con­ State prison Imprisonment in State 210 done to enhance the image of vocational admission. , institutions. stitutions of communist nations. Homicide ______Homicide______434 schooling and to improve the quality of Here are some of its main points: Cirrhosis of the lever ______---- life for so many people should serve as 1. The President is elected by a National Cardiovascular-renal Diseases of the 1, 375 an international model. disease mortality. circulatory system. Conference for Unification consisting of Totalmortality ______Totalillness______6,612 I would like to call the attention of my 2,000 persons who are theoretically elected colleagues to the many achievements of by the people but who cannot be members of any political party. The striking fact is Note : Dashes indicate costs are not available. Women's American ORT and to ask that they join me in congratulating this group that President Park is also Chairman of the The 1.4 percent rise in unemployment on their 50th anniversary. Conference and its affairs are under his during 1970 has cost our society nearly $7 direct control. blllion in lost income due to 111ness and 2. The Prime Minister and Members of the mortality, and in added state prison and HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA State Council are appointed by the President mental hospital outlays. To this must be and can be removed by him at will. The added public outlays of some $2.8 blllion heads of all ministries are under the direct annually over the 1970 to 1975 period for HON. DONALD M. FRASER control of the President. jobless and welfare payments associated with 3. The National Assembly, although elected OF MINNESOTA the sustained 1.4 percent rise in unemploy­ by both universal suffrage and by the Na­ ment. Additional outlays not included here IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional Conference, meets only once a year are the costs of care in federal institutions. Thursday, January 19, 1978 for a period not to exceed 90 days and then Even excluding the latter outlays, the cost only to deliberate and decide such matters of the sustained 1.4 percent rise in unem­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, human as the budget and monuments to public om­ ployment during 1970 is at least $21 blllion. rights continue to be systematically vio­ cials. One third of the National Assembly is And as noted earlier, this entirely excludes lated in South Korea today, a fact that elected by the National Conference on the the impact of further increases in unem­ receives very little attention in the day­ recommendations of the President. ployment since 1970. to-day news coverage of United States­ 4. The Judicial System requires that when These dollars represent resources lost or Republic of Korea relations. But there is the constitutionality of a law is involved, diverted from productive use. They represent a hardy group of Americans who do not the court must submit this question to a wealth never to be realized, lost forever to ignore this very basic fact of Korean "Constitutional Committee" and be guided our economy and society. They, in part, meas­ by its decision. This committee, of course, ure the human tragedy of unemployment. political life. is appointed by the President. But most significantly, their loss could have Mr. William J. Butler, a prominent 5. All elections are controlled by an "Elec­ been avoided. New York attorney and chairman of the tion Committee" again appointed by the international executive committee of the President. In addition, the President has International Commission of Jurists, is supreme powers (i) Article 29 gives him the WOMEN'S AMERICAN ORGANIZA- one of those who continues to focus pub­ power to dissolve the national assembly (11) TION FOR REHABILITATION lic attention on the repressive character Article 40 gives him the power to appoint THROUGH TRAINING CELE- of the Park Chung Hee regime. On De­ one-third of the legislature, and (111) by BRATES 50TH YEAR Article 53, the most important to many of CE'mber 9, he delivered the second an­ us, he may at any time suspend the free­ niversary lecture to a meeting of the dom and liberty of the people. HON. JOHN L. BURTON North American Coalition for Human I said, at the time, and I say it again to­ OF CALIFORNIA Rights in Korea. night, that the Yushin Constitution makes a sham of democracy, it perverts the demo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Entitled "Human Rights in South Ko­ rea, Some Suggested Initiatives for 1978," cratic process and is an outright insult to Thursday, January 19, 1978 freedom-loving Koreans. it is a powerful statement concerning Although the emergency decrees of 1974 Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, South Korea today and U.S. relations Nos. 1, 2, and 4 were lifted after our inter­ this year the "Women's American Or­ with that oppressed land. I insert this vention on behalf of Amnesty International ganization for Rehabilitation Through address at this point in this issue of the in 1974, a recurrence of this repressive type Training" celebrates its 50th year of CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: of legislation has again occurred through service in the area of vocational educa­ HUMAN RIGHTS IN KOREA-80ME SUGGESTED the issuance of Emergency Decree No. 9. tion. The San Francisco-Marin regional INITIATIVES FOR 1978 As you all know, this Decree prohibits, with criminal penalties, advocacy of any type chapter and some 1,000 other chapters It is a real pleasure and, indeed, an honor for me to be here this evening so that I of reform including the revision of the across the United States are affiliated Yushin Constitution; it even prohibits crit­ with the global Organization for Re­ can give you, in a relatively few moments, icism of the emergency regulation itself and habilitation through Training ward helping their black them free transportation. item. (All blacks have the vote in their own "neighbors." Thus, said one mining executive, "There homelands.) That could be, of course, a sug­ In over-simplified terms: they founded and may be a black-white wage gap, but it won't gestion that they simply have no interest in built their own lands according to their own take a hell of a lot to narrow it." And last voting "for a white man's government." But traditions; they presume the black nations year, under recession pressure, overall in­ the suggestion remains that apparently have the same inward desires. come of whites went down 4 percent while blacks in South Africa have the same innate Thus, the "Homelands" policy-which is that of non-whites jumped 11 percent. belief held by America's Founding Fathers, as old as South Africa's independence from While infiation is running some 10-11 per­ i.e. that political freedom has no substance Britain. Theoretically, if the policy were cent, an even more scary problem for South without economic freedom. pursued to its ultimate, about 1 million Africa's leadership is the birthrate among Another over-looked point about South blacks (at current levels), including those the blacks. "It is out of sight," said one Africa. It is not a homogenous collection of presently living, mostly, in white urban areas, economist and translates, at present rates "white" and "blacks." Currently, the 20 mil­ would settle on the traditional tribal lands into the black population more than doubl­ lion blacks include some five million Zulus; where their forefathers had been when the ing by the year 2000. 4.8 million Xhosa (pronounced Koza); 2 Afrikaners first met them. "Every hour of the day," notes one South million Tswana; 800,000 Shangaan; 750,000 The plan has one modern wrinkle, how­ African industrialist, "89 blacks are born Indians and other Asians; 2.5-3 million ever. The government is buying up and help­ in this country as against 8-9 whites and "Coloureds" (a product of cross-breeding ing develop areas in and around those often splintered patches of real estate and hand­ 10-12 coloureds and Indians. And its been among Hottentots, black slaves, white sailors going on for a long time." and farmers, indentured Asian workers, etc.); ing them over to the black homelands as 600,000 Swazi; 500,000 Venda and about 600,- each achieves independence. The objective It is rooted in black tribal nation customs. is two-fold: to help start in the homelands a For one thing, the number of children a 000 "others." Many have a bitter distrust of each other, the result of murderous blood­ viable economy; and to create governable man has, especially female children, is a geographic entities. measure of his wealth. Reason is the "labola" feuds going back centuries. or dowry the father must receive from the The black tribal nations have their own GENERATED DIFFERENCES bridegroom when he marries off a daughter. distinct languages, and within those, tribal Nor is it a new idea created under political The whole thing is aided by the government, dialects; their own customs, traditions and pressure. Afrikaners born and raised in the in effect, "because a large part of the white social mores. Transkei (an independent nation for just populrution still believes we must go along; And the Afrikaner attitude toward them over a year now) have been told since child­ not break down tribal customs." is rooted in his own history in the land. hood the land they lived on did not belong The aid comes in the form of medical For the first 130 years after Jan van Rie­ to them but to the Xhosa. This does not sit subsidy. A white baby delivery costs the fam­ beeck established the first settlement near all that well today with the black national ily about $500. For a black, whether the what is now Cape Town (for the Dutch East leaderships nor with blacks in the white medical problem is a sore tooth, open-heart India Company to provide fresh food and a urban communities. surgery or having a baby (including pre- and hospital for ships on their way to and from And it doesn't sell at all in the so-called post-natal care), they are charged a fiat rate: the Far East), farmer-settler expansion to Indian and 'coloured' communities. Said one approximately $12. the East and Northeast was a slow, gradual coloured leader in Cape Town, "A large pro­ matter. portion of coloured people and Indians do TOO MUCH GROWTH Some slave labor was imported, mainly not accept the idea of, 'Run your own af­ The government has launched a multi­ from Madagascar, Mozambique and the East fairs.' We want to participate in the running racial family planning program which, they Indies, primarily to provide needed man­ of the nation's affairs.'' Said another, "In say, female blacks "are in full sympathy power for settlement construction. But the their own interests, the Government should with; but the men are the resistors." One Boers (farmers) found no one else in this integrate the coloureds-or they've lost us.'' reason: a man in the homelands (see below) land except Stone Age Bushmen and a hand­ None of this is to say South Africa is a doesn't want to leave home "unless his wife ful of Hottentots (whom anthropologists jewel of human dignity and fairness on a is pregnant. That way she can't be unfaith­ think descended from Egyptians and, in contine:r:t reeking with tyranny and murder. ful while he's gone" hunting a job in the Africa, were subsequently decimated by the Much needs doing in the interests of not white man's cities. "If she gets sterilized," white man's smallpox.) just social equality but economic survival one doctor in SOWETO (Afrikans for South Not until 1779/ 80 did the Afrikaners first for the whole nation and all its parts. West Township, outside Johannesburg) told meet blacks in any numbers, at the Great But, just as clearly, the opposite of pro­ Govermnment Executive, "and he finds out Fish River, halfway across the country above ductive answers is all that can come from it's a cause for murder in the house." ' what is now East London. They were Xhosa, people 12,000 miles away, trying to translate But the upshot of almost uncontrolled one of the many tribal nations which, for an American experience to a place where breeding is already a problem which at pres­ centuries, had been migrating slowly south less than half the people can even handle ent South African economic growth may be from the huge lake regions of central Africa; English. insurmountable in a few years. Already, hunting new grazing lands for their cattle The British tried for a century to Anglicize whites are putting up an average 1.7 new and fighting the other black nations for that southern Africa. When they finally gave up schools a day for blacks and will have to land as they went. and said, "Bring back your chiefs," those January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 181 people knew instantly who the hereditary Endowment for International Peace) and a fair trial. • Ironically enough, most of tribal leaders were and where to find them. David Helfeld (University of Puerto Rico Paraguay's human rights problems, whether To people with that strong a cultural School of Law) did mark a revealing change in the executive or judicial sphere, would be heritage, the notion that their chief can be in the climate in which human rights are resolved if there were a faithful implemen­ in charge one day and out of power looking violated-and defended-since Jimmy Carter tation of the rights and values guaranteed for a job the next is just incomprehensible. entered the White House. The league's first by its Constitution and Codes of Criminal One of the most consistent pieces of ad­ mission to Asuncion, in mid-1976, met ofiicial Law and Procedure. vice Government Executive heard in South Paraguayan disapproval verging on intimida­ What has stood in the way of faithful Africa: "If the Western world really wants tion. This second mission, in mid-1977, found implementation of Paraguay's COnstitutional to kill apartheid, they must start to invest President Stroessner himself ready to facili­ and other basic legal norms has been the in this country at a very great rate. The 2 tate its inquiry and even to solicit its sugges­ dominant emphasis placed on political sta­ percent growth in GDP right now might get tions for dealing with violations. In turn, the b111ty a.nd security over all other considera­ to 4 percent if we're left to our own devices. league mission focused helpfully on the fur­ tions. Prior to President Stroessner, Para­ The 7-8 percent necessary to end apartheid ther steps needed to regulate the political guay had a long period of constant pt>litical is going to have to come from foreign in­ process by law. Its report is a how-to guide upheaval, one government supplanting the vestment." for a dictator wanting to decompress. Of­ other in quick succession, an almost total At the moment, in a Nation where black fered the opportunity to comment on the absence of constitutional order and stability. boycotts of white businesses was probably report before its release, President Stroessner This past history has served as the primary the single most effective move that got Civil at first seemed inclined to take up the offer justification for a policy of prevention: all Rights going, that is not likely to be very but finally let it pass by. measures should be taken to assure political well understood. Some people now wonder if certain Latin security and stability without which peace And therein lies the seeds of a budding American leaders, including Gen. Stroessner, and progress cannot be attained. In the quest tragedy. felt they earned a respite from pressure on !or security, any danger, any threat of danger, human rights by presenting themselves at however remote, from within or without the the White House last fall to bless the new country, tends to get exaggerated out of all Panama Canal treaties. But the Carter ad­ proportion to existing realities, and even at LEAGUE REPORT ON HUMAN times may be the product entirely of imagi­ RIGHTS IN PARAGUAY ministration has quietly stopped the sale of military equipment on ofiicial credit to nary fears. Whether real, exaggerated or Asuncion. Paraguay's access to development imagined, executive authority, when it has HON. DONALD M. FRASER loans has been made subject to political cri­ defined a political problem as a threat to the teria. Gen. Stroessner has felt compelled to nation's security, has always acted on the OF MINNESOTA accept, some time after his "elections" next basis of unlimited discretionary power. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February, a mission from the Inter-American Therein lies the potential for abuse and, as the concrete experience summed up in this Thursday, January 19, 1978 Human Rights Commission; this body, un­ like the league, operates in a political arena. Report demonstrates, the potential has been Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I would The general can count on some sympathy realized in varying degrees of scope and in­ like to draw attention to the recent re­ there from fellow dictators who cry "anti­ tensity in the past as well as in the present. communism." He can expect less sympathy Whatever is good or bad in the state of port by the International League for human rights in Paraguay, is ultimately Human Rights entitled "Denial of Hu­ from other Latin American military govern­ ments moving away from Paraguayan-style traceable to the Presidency. That is inevitable man Rights in Paraguay: Report of crudities. He should get no support at all under a system of overriding executive power Second Commission of Inquiry of the from the United States-unless he moves in in which the President and his closest col­ International League for Human good faith toward the rule of law. laborators are free to exercise their power Rights.'' fulsomely. If there is to be fundamental The report provides a thorough and PART IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS peaceful change, it must come from the cen­ ter of power. Only the President can decide, incisive review of the human rights situ­ 'It is difiicult to sum up the Paraguayan for example, that it is in the best interest ation in Paraguay, and reaches a series state of human rights in cases which have a of his country that executive authority ac­ of conclusions and recommendations. I political dimension. One looks in vain for cept the limits imposed by Constitutional would like to submit these conclusions clearcut consistent trends. As noted earlier, guarantees, or that stability, security and and recommendations for the record, as by mid-1977 there were far less political pris­ liberty are more likely to be secured with well as an editorial on the report from oners: almost one-half had been released an independent judiciary than without one. administratively without being charged with In the course of our interviews with re­ the December 24 Washington Post. Un­ any crime. There were unofiicial indications fortunately, the Government of Para­ sponsible government ofiicials, there were that most of those still detaine·d would be indications that changes in past policies guay declined to comment on the screened and would probably soon be re­ might take place. Indeed, the Commission recommendations by the League. leased. Responsible officials listened with of Inquiry was specifically invited to make The report notes that releases of po­ apparent interest to proposals for improving suggestions for dealing with the entire range litical prisoners and other signs of im­ the .1ud1cial process and opportunities for of problems encompassed by our inquiry. Re­ adequate legal defense. The overall climate sponding to that invitation we have form­ provements in the human rights situa­ of freedom of association rights, of organiza­ tion in Paraguay have occurred. On the ulated a number of short and long-term con­ tional efrorts to assist political prisoners and clusions and recommendations for considera­ other hand, the arbitrary system of jus­ of freedom of expression, showed distinct tion by the government of Paraguay. The tice and the state of siege remains in improvement over the situation of prevailing conclusions and recommendations are force for possible use in the future last year. And most notable of all, there grouped according to broad problem areas. against the political opposition and appears to be a discernible trend toward for­ Whatever reforms may be undertaken, it others who attempt to exercise their mal charges and the judicial processing of should be stressed again, the initiative must human rights. Unless more fundamental poll tical prisoners. come from the Office of the President. changes take place in Paraguay, abuses And yet no overall favorable conclusions State of siege and human rights are warranted. None of the normative and of human rights will inevitably occur. 1. There is no justification, grounded in institutional arrangements which made real danger to peace or internal security, The documents follow: abuse of power possible in the past have for the present State of Siege Decree. It REPORT ON PARAGUAY been changed. If there has been a relaxation should therefore be lifted and all Constitu­ Latin, Americas' most durable dictator, of repressive measures, it is because execu­ Gen. Alfredo Stroessner, has ruled Paraguay tive authority has so decided, as it may de­ tional rights should be respected. since 1954 with a severity and arbitrariness cide at any time to exercise its powers to the 2. In the future no State of Siege should be decreed unless there has been faithful extreme even by the standards of Latin cau­ full. Indeed, the relaxation of repression is dillos. Only recently, and only in response to by no means uniform or consistent: there international pressures, has he begun soft­ still are unprocessed charges hanging over •In addition to the cases fully treated in ening somewhat the still-personal nature of the heads of political leaders and over 150 Part III of this report, there should be re­ his rule. As a new report (its second) by the men and women continue to remain State called, as recounted in Part I, the pending International League for Human Rights in­ of Siege political prisoners. Neither have the trial of the ten professors, professionals and students arrested in July and passed to jus­ dicates, what he has done-release some deaths and disappearances of political pris­ prisoners, improve conditions for others and tice some weeks later, and the appeals taken bring still others to trial-is modest and is oners been clarified. Nor can the cases which by Liberal Radical and Liberal Party leader­ reversible at presidential will. Though evi­ have been "passed" to justice be taken at ship following the judicial order putting an dence of emergency is lacking, Paraguay re­ face value. Under the present operating con­ end to their legitimate political activities. mains in a state of siege. ditions of criminal justice in Paraguay, in On the basis of recent past experience, it is President Stroessner's reception of league cases with a political dimension it is highly fair to conclude that the chances of judicial representatives Ben Stephansky (Carnegie problematical whether an accused will receive fairness are slight indeed. 182 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 and rigorous compliance with all of the An independent judiciary First, borough firefighters took Eddie on a norms set forth in Articles 79 and 181 of the To achieve a genuinely independent judlici­ ride around town in a firetruck parade, with Constitution. ary, manned by judges of high competen~ lights flashing, bells ringing, sirens scream­ 3. There should be an accounting of all and integrity, fundamental structural and ing and air horns blowing. Eddie sat up front State of Siege prisoners who have died while institutional changes are needed. Nothing ringing bells and sounding sirens. in police custody or who have disappeared less can assure deep-rooted and enduring Police escorts briefly stopped traffic at in­ after being arrested. change. Thus, a Constitutional amendment tersections to assure a safe ride. 4. Political prisoners who have been held would be needed to provide for long-term Next, the firetrucks stopped at the Fair­ for many years under State of Siege Decrees tenure, accompanied by a Presidential com­ mount Fire Co., where the fire company's have already been imprisoned for terms mitment to appoint judges from among the well-known exhibition of electric trains is. which exceed any likely sanction which best lawyers in the profession. It would also In addition, there was a Christmas tree with might be imposed in a judicial proceeding. be eminently desirable to institute once Montgomery Hospital. Therefore they should be freed. again in Paraguay the practice of separating As the Christmas party got into high gear 5 Political prisoners in Emboscada, or the investigative from the purely judicial at the firehouse, some firefighters returned to held in other jails, who have yet to be judi­ function, a practice which is adhered to by the Hlll residence, trimmed a Christmas tree cially processed, should have their cases most continental European countries. Prac­ and left more presents. screened and evaluated. Those against whom tical measures too would have to be taken: At the firehouse, Eddie had a one-on-one there is no serious evidence of wrongdoing, salary and working conditions conducive to chat with Santa Claus. With his snowy should be released. Those who are found to the development of a judicial career would white beard and fire-engine red suit, Santa have violated the law should be charged and have to be established. Most important of bore a slight resemblance to 200-pound fire­ tried according to law. an, there must develop over time the tradi­ fighter Jack Carlin. 6. The children of Madrona L6pez should tions of an independent judiciary endowed Carlin, of Fairmount, was one of the orga­ be reunited as a family under one roof. If with sufficient powers to make the rule of nizers of the Christmas celebration for Eddie. she is released for want of evidence of law a reality in Paraguay. Another was Blll Peters, a Fairmount mem­ wrongdoing, the children should be restored ber and emergency medical technician at to her. Montgomery Hosiptal. CHRISTMAS WISHES COME TRUE "It started out with just the ride," Peters 7. Political prisoners who have been de­ said. prived of Constitutional rights should be FOR EDDIE HILL OF NORRISTOWN, PA. Borough crossing guard Barbara Hendricks indemnified. mentioned Eddie's condition to Peters and Criminal justice in political cases Carlin and that he wanted two things for 1. The use of torture in police investiga­ HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN Christmas. Could the fire department do anything about it, she wondered. tions infects the entire criminal justice sys­ OF PENNSYLVANIA tem. It should be stopped. As a result, "We put this thing together," 2. The use of judicial process to harass IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Carlin said. "Barbara Hendricks is the one opposition political party leaders adversely Thursday, January 19, 1978 who started this whole thing." affects the possiblllty of genuine political But that was only the beginning. Lewis democracy and subverts the independence of Mr. COUGHLIN. Mr. Speaker, it is with Chertok, owner of Chatllns Department the judiciary. It should stop. a great feeling of pride that I call atten­ Store, was present when Hendricks explained 3. The right and duty of lawyers to defend tion of my colleagues to a heartening about Eddie. Chertok volunteered to help out those accused of political crimes, and polit­ story which appeared in the December Santa. ically related crimes, without suffering re­ 16, 1977, issue of Today's Post, a daily Eddie and Sharon Hill found clothing, toys prisals, should ·be fully recognized and re­ and a gift certificate among the presents newspaper published :n King of Prussia, waiting for them under the Christmas tree. spected by executive and judicial officials. Pa. 4. To assure genuine opportunity to de­ Eddie Hlll's doctor, Dr. Derek Bruce, as­ fend their client's cause, counsel for accused It is the story of 6-year-old Eddie Hill sociate neurosurgeon at Children's Hospital, should be shown respect and be granted rea­ of Norristown, Pa., who is suffering from said the firefighters' treat would be "a great sonable access to their clients, adequate time an inoperable brain tumor, and how, experience for a little kid. He's quite able to to take notes and, on request, to receive in through the thoughtfulness and gen­ take the stresses and strains," Bruce said. "It would have no effects except good ones," timely fashion copies of an documents needed erosity of some Norristown citizens and he added. for the defense. firefighters, Eddie received the two In addition to presents and good wishes 5. There is an immediate pressing need to Christmas presents he has always from borough residents, gifts and letters enhance the independence of the judiciary wanted-to see Santa Claus and to ride from others also reached Eddie. and the rule of law. First, executive authority in a fire engine. · The boy received messages from Gov. Mil­ must make plain to the judges that they It gives me great pleasure to read a ton J. Shapp; Sens. Richard S. Schweiker are to exercise their judicial functions with story such as this which reinforces my and H. John Heinz 3rd, U.S. Rep. Lawrence complete independence. Second, all executive faith in the kindheartedness of our fel­ Coughlin, Montgomery County's three com­ officials, and very particularly pollee officials, missioners, and the mayor and councilmen must be put on notice of the change in low man. The story follows: of Norristown. policy. The goal must be a judicial proress THE BIGGEST DAY FOR EDDIE-FIRE ENGINES .. Before the Christmas party, Peters said, free of all extraneous non-judicial influences. SCREAM, SANTA VISITS AILING BORO BoY Eddie runs around like a tiger and looks just Legislative action and human rights (By Fred Clement) like any other boy. He knows he has head­ 1. In accordance with Article 79 of the Con­ Thursday night, 6_year-old Eddie Hlll of aches, but that's all he knows," Carlin added. stitution, the Congress should legislate to Norristown received the two Christmas pres­ After Thursday night, Eddie now knows regulate how State of Siege Decrees are to ents he has always wanted. It was the most he has some new friends too. function. . exciting day of his life. 2. In compliance with Article 41 of the Eddie is suffering from a brain tumor that Constitution, the Congress should enact leg­ cannot be surgically removed. Before Christ­ ECONOMIST HAS SOUND ADVICE islation to provide for responsib111ty of public mas, he wlll return to Children's Hospital, FOR NATION officials for crimes and faults committed in Philadelphia, where he has been receiving their official capacity, and for indemnifica­ treatment, and undergo more therapy. tion for deprivation of ConstltutiOIIlal and Thursday night, Norristown firefighters HON. PAUL SIMON legal rights. gave Eddie an early Christmas party and the OF ILLINOIS 3. Legislation should be enacted to brilng two presents he has always wanted: to see IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Santa Claus and to ride in a fire engine. the Police under the rule of law and to pro­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 vide for the development of a modern, ra­ The party included as many surprises for tional and scientific police investigative force. Sharon Hlll, the boy's young mother, as it Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, one of my did for Eddie. Separated from her husband, 4. Laws Nos. 209, 294 and all related Crimi­ Sharon had the misfortune a couple of weeks favorite writers is one of the contribut­ nal Code Articles should be reviewed for the ago of having her home robbed and many of ing. editors to the New Republic, econ­ purpose of formulating new legislation based her belongings ruined. omist Melville J. mmer. on a balance of Paraguay's need for protec­ Shortly after 7 p.m. fire trucks from all five A few weeks ago, he had twt> para­ tion against dangers to its security and its borough fire companies-pulled up in front need for the vindication of human rights. graphs in a story that I think all of us of the mother and only child's home in the in Congress would do well to look at care­ 5. The Criminal Code articles dealing with 100 block of West Marshall Street. fully. defamation, calumny and "injuria," as they The only hint Eddie had that something work in practice, should be reviewed to was going to happen was his mother's sug­ He basically calls for recognition of achieve a sound balance of two fundamental gestion. She would have a surprise for him the dimensions of the unemployment Constitutional values: freedom of the press Thursday night, she told him. problems and that we ought to more ag­ and the right to protect personal reputation. In fact, there were a number of surprises. gressively move on that problem. January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 183 In addition to inserting the two para­ limited sk1lls, now employs people to run en.. politician-in the detached and graphs from his article in the New Re­ computers and do a great many other things slightly cynical attitude of Pilate as he public, I am inserting a weekly column I requiring major sk1lls. One-third of those who work for CETA have had at least some looks back on the cataclysmic events he wrote for the newspapers in my district college training. had failed to avert. recently on the same subject. In New York City, five of those employed A native San Diegan, Jim was a school­ GOVERNMENT CAPABILITY To EASE by CETA are lawyers and 22 are registered teacher and then curator of San Diego's UNEMPLOYMENT professional nurses. Serra Museum before going to the State Only the federal government is capable of And that city and many others have moved Assembly in 1960. (1) organizing a national program to put the to dependence on CETA. It has grown to the He has written many magazine articles idle in useful jobs, (2) directing their efforts point that it cannot be eliminated tomorrow on California history, all typically suc­ toward the most important public needs, and or next year. cinct, highly readable and meticulously ( 3) adjusting productive techniques to suit But it ought to be gradually phased out the generally modest potential of the work­ and in its place a more carefully thought out researched. Jim had two earlier books, ers available. CETA at its peak next year is program ought to be developed which pro­ "San Diego, Where California Began" expected to employ 700,000 people. At least vides job opportunities for those who really and "Historical Landmarks of San Diego three mill1on publ1c jobs are needed, more need them, and enriches the nation in the County." or less permanently, to take up the slack in process. In the legislature, Mills moved to the the US economy. To run so vast a program Unemployment is going to be with us in a Senate in 1966 after three terms in the without disrupting the private sector would major way for the balance of this century. Assembly and since 1971 he has occupied require the bold federal planning and politi­ We are not going to let people starve, so the Senate's top leadership post, presi­ cal courage mentioned earl1er. Wages on pub­ we wm either pay the unemployed for doing lic projects would have to be kept relatively nothing or for doing something. dent pro tempore. modest despite labor union pressure. Other­ If we choose the latter, not only wlll our In the legislature, Jim prepared the wise eligible workers never would leave pub­ economy benefit, but we will be lifting the bills tlh:at created San Diego's port au­ He projects for private industry no matter hopes and chances for a great many others thority. He has carried the bulk of State's how much the lattPr was booming. To avoid all over the globe. major transportation legislation. He was inflation the cost of the program would have "The rising tide lifts all the boats," John the author of the amendment to the to be met by taxes. ( 0! course there w111 be F. Kennedy used to say. It is as true today State Constitution that allows State offsetting savings in welfare and the like.) as it was then. gasoline taxes to be used for transit as In effect, taxpayers would transfer part o! their purchasing power to the formerly idle. well as highways. More recently, he intro­ In return they would have a right to expect CALIFORNIA LEGISLATOR, A Bffi­ duced legislation establishing the San businesslike management and a flow of new LICAL HISTORIAN, OFFERS NEW Diego Metropolitan Transit Development visible, useful services. Otherwise the pro­ SLANT ON CRUCIFIXION Board for meeting inter-city transit gram would never survive the next election. needs in our mutual home area. What this amounts to is a coordinated Jim's transportation interests are government response to the fundamental HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN turly far-ranging. As one of Califor­ problem of economic instab1lity. It entails OF CALIFORNIA nia's foremost bicyclists, he is even re­ surmounting obstacles that are imbedded 1n our politics. Is the federal government ca­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sponsible for the :first successful bills appropriating funds for bike paths. pable of rising to these challenges? I! not, Thursday, January 19, 1978 look for continued unemployment ahead, But it is his talents as an author that black and white, plus intlation. Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, my I salute today. "The Gospel According longtime friend, James R. Mills, is a man to Pontius Pilate" is selling well, accord­ WORLD FACES UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEMS of many parts. A teacher and museum ing to the publisher, San Franciso Book Here are a few statistics that will have an curator in his youth, Mills has lately Co .. and a second printing is anticipated. impact on your future: emerged as a major biblical historian, Nationally, the book is distributed by The International Labor Organization es­ winning acclaim as author of "The Gos­ Stein and Day, publishers in New York timates that unemployment 1n the poorer nations of the world is expected to go !rom pel According to Pontius Pilate." City. roughly 25 per cent today to about 30 per As interim activity, he was elected to A representative sampling of the re­ cent by 1980. the California Legislature in 1960 and views follows: By the year 200~nly 23 years off-there has just begun his fourth session as [From the San Francisco Chronicle, will be an increase in the number o! people president pro tempore of the State Dec. 16, 1977] seeking jobs of 91 per cent (compared to an senate. PILATE'S VERSION increase of 33 per cent in the wealthier na­ I intend to append to my remarks a (By William Hogan) tions) and to fill the need of that 91 per cent growth an additional 922 million jobs selection of critical reviews attesting As Roman governor of Judea, Samaria and will have to be created. both to the worth and to the readability Idumea, Pontius Pilate was an emcient bu­ Those statistics are important to those of of Senator Mills' imaginative book on the reaucrat in a particularly explosive area of us in the United States because they force events that led to Calvary. Jim has sur­ the Empire. Pilate depended, among others, us to face two realities: upon the chief priests and elders among the veyed that scene through the eyes of Jews to help him administer Roman justice. First, l! world unemployment is not to Pilate, the Roman governor who sen­ reach disastrous proportions, the world's Although many Jews followed the Galilean economy needs a real lift. And the nation tenced Christ. carpenter and visionary, Jesus of Nazareth, which leads the world economically 1s the It goes without saying that this per­ there was much controversy about this United States. It is unlikely that the rest of spective of the Crucifixion is drastically charismatic fellow. the nations of the world are going to have different from the accounts of most wit­ Actually, the crucifixion was viewed as a a healthy economy if our own is fairly stag­ nesses, actual or vicarious, to an event bad political mistake, Pontius Pilate recalls nant. some 30 years later, for it helped Jesus ful­ that shaped world history. fill the prophecies. Second, the continued myth that unem­ In the hands of a less gifted writer, the ployment in the United States is a temporary Pilate 1s writing from exile in Gaul where phenomenon must be discarded. Band-Aid telling could have slipped into self-pity Caligula had banished him. He occupies him­ programs to solve unemployment problems­ or, worse, bathos. self by writing a history of Palestine as he proposed in the belief that soon the economy But Jim Mills is no ordinary writer. knew it, in order that Roman policy 1n re­ will pick up on its own-are going to prove This historian-politician is also a deeply spect to the Jews might be better under­ inadequate. religious man who was :first given the stood. The result 1s a curious and fascinating The CETA (Comprehensive Employment story of the rise o! Christianity, a fiction idea for his book by his minister, The from the Roman point of view, titled "The and Training Act) program 1s a good ex­ Reverend Arthur Dominy of the First ample. Gospel According to Pontius Pilate." The It 1s better than no program. Baptist Church in San Diego. Jim author is a political man himself, James R. But instead of utilizing the great resource agreed with Pastor Dominy that it was Mills, historian and president pro tern of of unused labor to enrich the nation with too bad the world did not have a biog­ the California State Senate, a Democratic a series of constructive programs, the results raphy of Christ told by one of his legislator !or 17 years. are spotty, and the evidence mounts that in enemies. Mills has kept his narrative reasonable, many communities CETA workers are used The book is neither "modem" nor intell1gent, historically accurate and con­ as a substitute for workers that city and tinually absorbing. Pilate emerges a sympa­ county governments would otherwise pay for. "political" in the usual sense of those thetic fellow, intrigued by the Nazarene, And so the CETA workers concept, designed words. But there is clearly a lesson for whom he never thought would be remem­ originally to belp thOle without 11&1118 or with modem man-and particularly the mod- bered. Rome, as Pilate writes, has been de- 184 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 strayed by fire and the official conclusion is belief that the universe is unknowable and li!e. Add a lively, subtle w~t-and set him that the Christians were responsible for it. ruled by chance, without regard to the vir­ down to write a book. "Now that so many of them are being cruci­ tues of human beings. Its devotees are usu­ The result is "The Gospel According to fied there in the arena," he notes, "lighted ally harsh and contemptuous of traditional Pontius Pilate" by the South Bay's James by others being burned by torches, they have Christianity. Mills, president pro tempore of the state become a chief topic of discussion in the And we know that not only was skepticism senate. ruined city." widespread in Rome in the time of Pilate, Mills says writing the book was "a. religious It was Pilate's recollection, in view of the but that the Romans also had lost faith in experience" for him-but there must have complicated politics of Judea and Galilee, even their own gods. been some moments when it was pure, that Jesus was doomed when he and his It was a period that Mills presents as cul­ earthly pleasure as well. band of disciples arrived in Jerusalem, the tured at the top, when, in reality, the worst Anyone who appreciates either Biblical one city where, under Jewish law, he could elements rose highest. history or modern politics will find this a be tried and executed for heresy. The death And Judea, as well as the rest of that cor­ highly readable tome. Mills has put modern­ of Jesus became Inevitable, and Pilate ordered ner of the province the Romans called Syria, day jargon into the mouth o! his story teller, it. was a tangled pit of many races, ethnic Pontius Pilate, and the time setting is 30 Pilate compares Jesus with Socrates. "The groups, hatreds and divisions. years after Jesus o! Nazareth was crucified Greek philosopher and the Galilean mystic By softening that savage and turbulent on Pilate's order. were both effective in debate in public places scene, and by civilizing Pilate, Mills has, to Pilate sees himself guilty of no wrong in the capital city. By being profound as some extent, muted the eternal puzzle of evil. doing in the order-merely a man who does well as clever, they embarrassed the repre­ But that is a minor flaw in a book that what he must as a matter o! political ex­ sentatives of authority time after time. Both maintains interest, that provides essential pediency. Socrates and Jesus had the option to live. information in an agreeable and reassuring The real culprits, he makes it clear, are "Both rejected it." manner, and that reflects the considable ur­ Jesus' fellow Jews, the Sadducees and And those radical doctrines-turning the banity, high sense of ethics and the faith of Pharisees. And the real decision to have other cheek, the slap at the rich in the the author. Jesus killed was made by members of the parable about the camel and the needle's Great Sanhedrin, the Jewish religious high eye-naturally were looked upon as sub­ [From the Sacramento Union, Nov. 27, 1977] court at that time. versive of society's values. Mills has written MILLS' BIBLICAL NOVEL Is CONTEMPORARY Pilate speaks from exile, after his !all from a thoughtful and convincing "history" (San BooK favor in the Roman government. That exile, Francisco Book Co.; $7.95). (By Al Donner) Mills says, is one liberty he took in the book. Historians are not sure Pilate was exiled. When a politican writes his memoirs he is (From the San Diego Union, Dec. 2, 1977] Otherwise, the book is meticulously cor­ likely to put his famous controversial acts rect, historically. But it is a living, contem­ PILATE LOOKS AT HISTORY WITH into the best light possible. porary account of events, told as if by an MODERN-DAY EYE That is what the Roman governor who observer on the scene as the action unfolds. (By Otto J. Scott) condemned Jesus Christ to death does in The reader is drawn into the chronicle very The figure of Pontius Pilate, procurator of "The Gospel According to Pontius Pilate" effectively by the simplicity of the telllng. Judaea, has become an eternal symbol of (San Francisco Book Company, $7.95). The Mills' style is such that today's readers skepticism. His ironic question "What is historical novel sets the life and death of need not struggle with obscure phrases and truth?" and his hand washing to indicate his Christ in its Roman times and concludes words not now in common use, but his quo­ indifference to the religious dissensions of with Pilate dispassionately explaining his tations are exact to a fine degree. the Jews has drawn the attention of numer­ actions as the most sensible course based on Pilate explains that he has been interested ous commentators, preachers and writers the information he had at the time. in the history of this Jew, not only because through the centuries. What makes the volume !nteresting and he dealt with the man during his governor­ The latest to be drawn to Pilate is James plausible is the perspective of the author, ship of Judea, Samaria. and Idumea, but R. Mills, president pro tempore of the Cali­ James R. Mills. The president pro tern of the because interest in the "strange carpenter" fornia Senate, who was a historian by pro­ State. Senate, Mills understands the politi­ has persisted after his death. fession before being elected to public office. cian's day-to-day decision making process This, Pilate makes plain, is most unusual. Mills has reproduced the Gospel accounts and imposes that authenticity on Pilate. A The followers of a religious leader ought to of Jesus, choosing the majority version of historian by trade and a Baptist in his reli­ disperse quietly after his death. They have outstanding episodes, and linking these to gious beliefs, Mills presents a picture of no business carrying on, and, most surely, the predictions of Old Testament prophets. Christ as he might have been seen by edu­ the doctrine preached by the leader should Pilate, the narrator in the Mills' version, cated Romans of his time-a radical car­ not grow after his death. provides a running commentary of these penter stirring up the troublesome Jewish Pontius is puzzled by all this. events and describes his own actions as tribes, but no more dangerous than many And he therefore has researched many Rome's representative. other prophets of his time. events and conditions in Jesus' life, including The Gospel effort is lucid and well­ Still, Pilate yielded to demands o! the the "enormously complex" religious laws grounded, as befits a historian, and is com­ Sadducee priests and allowed Jesus to be which Jewish boys were taught at an early posed with a careful eye toward the numer­ crucified. Thirty years later in his memoirs age. ous sensitivities that such a work may pro­ Pilate explains that "my obligations to my­ And Pilate illustrates the devious ways in voke-much as one would expect from an ex­ self and my friend (the Roman ruler) would which the laws were twisted to serve the perienced and successful politician. not allow me to incur even a minimal risk purposes of daily life. One result, however, is that Mills makes for the life of one itinerant street preacher. For instance, he says, 39 primary works o! Pilate sound and speak more like a tolerant Always I had to play clearly the role of man are enumerated and prohibited on the middle-class American Christian than any guardian of Roman rule and Caesar's inter­ Sabbath. Roman known to history. ests." Take, for instance the tying of knots. Pi­ No doubt that will help his book to be­ Mills quotes Jesus and Pilate from the late tells how only certain knots make a man come popular; it certainly makes for easy New Testament to liven an otherwise tersely guilty of breaking the Sabbath. and agreeable reading. written account. As Pilate he does not pass "Those of sailors and camel drivers are Mills' Pilate is more civil than others'. judgment on Jesus' claims to be the Messiah, forbidden, but no sin is committed in the Placed in fictional exile 30 years after the but notes that the growing Christianity tying of a knot which can be undone with Crucifixion, Mills even has Pilate respect­ movement gives him more credibility than one hand. fully quoting Rabbis Hillel and Gamaliel, many other prophets of the times. "A woman may tie the strings o! her cap, and tolerantly concluding that the claims of People looking for contemporary political her girdle, or her shoes, or the strings that Jesus would be proven if, in time, the new figures in the novel will be disappointed. If close up skins of wine or oil. religion displaced the worship of Hercules. Mills has included them, he has cleverly dis­ "Thus, if a Jew wishes to secure two things Putting aside the improbability of a high guised them to the point where they are not together on the Sabbath, he can have his Roman official, exasperated by an intransi­ readily identifiable. wife tie them together with her girdle with­ gent province, quotin~ rabbis in any context, But the ruling class whose perspective of out impiety, while he would be breaking the and our knowledge that the gods of Rome Jesus Mills portrays is not so much different law if he did it himself with a cord," Pilate were made and unmade by its Senate, there today. And from that perspective "The points out. is little doubt that Mills' approach will be Gospel According to Pontius Pilate" is a very Mills has skillfully handled Pilate's ac­ agreeable to many readers, and very valuable contemporary work. counts, so that they should not be offensive to persons unacquainted with the Bible at to today's Jews, while detailing the miscon­ first hand. (From the Chula Vista Star-News, Nov. 27, ceptions about that people which were ram­ His linkage of Old Testament prophecies 1977] pant among Romans of Jesus' day. and their fulfillment in Jesus is remarkably He doesn't let the Jews off the hook for well done, and reveal the author to be a true "PONTIUS PILATE" BIBLICAL HISTORY WITH Jesus' crucifixion, but places the blame on scholar and Christian. The only flaw is that POLITICAL TONES a. few "practical politicians" among the re­ although his Pilate is properly skeptical, he (By Laura Ritchie) ligious leaders, sparing the general Jewish is too softly drawn. Take one historian with writing experi­ population, for the most part. Skepticism is, after all, a form of faith: A ence who has turned to politics as his way o! But he also makes it clear Jesus was not January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 185 lawfully tried before the Great Sanhedrin 12-year-old boy is killed by smoke inhalation networks have begun to accept television as and condemned to death. Pilate accepts the after imitating an arson watched on tele­ an enormously important institution requir­ responsibility for that, although he appar­ vision. The record, sad to say, yields quite a ing coverage-in news, documentaries and ently considers it an event blown out of few cause-and-effect situations that are a lot docudramas-just the way the White House, perspective by the refusal of Christianity to more brutal. For example, let's look at a few congress, Big Business or Big Labor does. It die down decently after the crucifixion. of the more serious crime- and violence­ anything, given the nature of the Communi­ "The Gospel According to Pontius Pilate" provoking events that NBC might have used cations Age in which we live, "Big Televi­ is an exceptionally interesting book, its con­ in "The Storyteller" but didn't. sion" may be at least as important as any clusions applicable today, though rooted in Item: In Hartford City, Ind., four men of the others. Every passing month brings events which happened 2,000 years ago. influenced by "Helter Skelter," the TV version new evidence of television power, from in­ of the Manson murders, picked out a home spiring hijackers to arranging Middle Eastern at random last Valentine's Day and blasted peace negotiations. Television is not just the TV DISCUSSION ON VIOLENCE four brothers to death with shotguns. Daniel new culture but the new politics and even Stonebraker, 20, testified he and his asso­ the n<;w diplomacy. ciates had watched the show together. What television does is news-big news­ HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN Item: New York congressman John Mur­ and it is to be hoped news deserving of more and more television coverage. OF CALIFORNIA phy, introducing a Congressional resolution IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES back in 1975 to have the Federal Communica­ tions Commission block an ABC telecast of Thursday, January 19, 1978 an Evel Knievel death leap over 14 buses, MODIFICATION NEEDED TO PRO­ indicated that Knievel's nationally televised POSED TRUCK AND VAN FUEL Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, there has 1974 Snake River Canyon leap "was viewed ECONOMY STANDARDS been much concern in recent years by millions of American children, many of about the effects of television violence whom were stimulated to imitate Knievel and on viewers. Opinions of its effects vary suffered injuries in so doing." HON. JOHN D. DINGELL widely. Some believe that television vio­ Item: on Sept. 13, 1974, a 9-year-old San OF MICHIGAN lence begets violence among the popula­ Francisco girl was attacked by four adoles­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion, while some hold that television vio­ cents and raped with a bottle. The four ad­ lence prevents violence among the popu­ mitted to police that only three days before, Thursday, January 19, 1978 they had seen the made-for-television movie lace by providing the vicarious experi­ "Born Innocent" which included a similar Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, on De­ ence of it. But all agree that it is a new rape. (A footnote: NBC understandably did cember 12, 1977, the National Highway phenomenon and one which has not not draw on this particular episode, because Traffic Safety Administration of the De­ been fully studied. The power-for good it is the subject of a lawsuit against both partment of Transportation issued a or evil-which television wields is awe­ the network and KRON-TV in San Fran­ proposed rule setting light duty truck some and should be understood. cisco. and van fuel economy standards for Even the television networks recognize Item: In a mid-1977 speech, Greyhound model years 1980 and 1981. The NHTSA Corporation chairman Gerald Trautman, held 2 days of hearings on the rule on the power they hold and have begun to pledging not to schedule commercials on ex­ cover their own operations. As Kevin cessively violent shows, noted that several January 16 and 17 and the agency will Phillips points out in the December 17 years ago, "residents of a major East Coast issue the final standards about March 1, "News Watch" in TV Guide: city were paralyzed with horror and disbelief 1978, after reviewing the testimony, al­ The networks have begun to accept televi­ when their morning newspaper headlined most all of which was in opposition to sion as an enormously important institution a story of a gang of toughs who doused a the proposed truck and van standards. requiring coverage ... every passing month harmless old derelict with gasoline and set The standards are too severe for the brings new evidence of television power, him aflame." A similar event had been on truck manufacturers to attain in the from inspiring hijackers to arranging Middle television two nights previously. Eastern peace negotiations. Let me underscore my point. Had "Story­ short time frame allowed before model teller" been packaged as a documentary, it year 1980. This will mean that model Mr. Phillips' article should be read by would be a misleading and one-sided traves­ lines of trucks will not be produced with all of those who are concerned about the ty, guilty of ignoring events and connections the subsequent detrimental impact on power and the effects of television on that make a far more compelling case against the industry workers whose jobs will be our day-to-day lives. For that reason, I TV violence. As a drama, "Storyteller" es­ lost. Additionally, truck consumers will ask that it be included in the CONGRES­ capes this yardstick. Still, I don't want to find they no longer will be able to obtain SIONAL RECORD as part of my remarks: state my suspicion as a charge. The televi­ models of trucks needed for their busi­ sion networks may be having a hard time TV HAS FINALLY BEGUN TO COVER ITSELF coping with self-criticism and self-analysis, ness or other uses. (By Kevin Phillips) but that's human nature-and not neces­ These facts and other points were I've been pleasantly surprised, especially sarily any kind of conspiracy. noted to the NHTSA in the statement I during the last year, at growing network In other respects, the networks do deserve submitted during the recent hearings realization that TV power has become so awe­ credit for an increasing willingness to cover which urged modification of the 1980 and some that it, too, must be grist tor the mill themselves. In early October, the network 1981 standards. I insert my statement of television news and dramatization. Tele­ evening-news programs covered Miami's "TV vision is finally beginning to cover television. intoxication" trial in which the lawyer for at this paint: One measure of that coverage (and also of 15-year-old Ranney Zamora, accused of kill­ STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE JOHN D. the blurring line between dramas and docu­ ing an 82-year-old neighbor, argued that his DING ELL mentaries) came on Dec. 5 with NBC's made­ client was simply reaching to the violence Madam Chairman and members of the Na­ for-TV movie "The Storyteller." The plot was portrayed on television. tional Highway Traffic Safety Administra­ simple enough: a 12-year-old boy watches a More recently, the networks have given tion. My name is John D. Dingell, and I am movie on television about a man who sets evening-news time to hearings held by the the representative from the 16th Congres­ fire to a building. The boy sets a fire himself House Communications Subcommittee on sional District of Michigan. and dies of smoke inhalation. The script­ possible deception by the networks in broad­ I do not appear before you today only as a writer agonizes: Am I responsible? Does TV casting o1 major sports events. representative of a district whose constitu­ violence produce real-life violence? And as yet another example, NBC last ents would be adversely affected by the pro­ My reaction to "The Storyteller" is mixed. November ran several evening-news segments posed nonpassenger automobile fuel efficien­ On the plus side, NBC deserves credit for analyzing television's ratings system-the cy rule for vans and trucks, but also as the being willing to raise the question openly measurements by which programs live or die principal author of the legislation which and in prime time. On the minus side, this and profits wax or wane. delegated to DOT and NHTSA the authority viewer detected an imbalance of recurring Admittedly, none of these ventures into to promulgate fuel efficiency standards, and plugs for the network point of view-from self-coverage were exactly blockbusters. None as Chairman of the House Subcommittee on saying television merely reflects society's were exposes. Moreover, there are areas where Energy and Power, which first approved this faults ("blaming the mirror because you've the networks are conspicuously unwilling to legislation to establish such standards for got pimples") to invoking a specter of censor­ cover their industry as news-most notably motor vehicles. ship against any attempt to restrict TV vio­ when prominent individuals or organizations In light of the serious concerns which lence and hinting that without TV's bloody raise charges about the evils of concentrated have been expressed to me by those who coverage of the Vietnam War, that conflict ownership within the mass media. Charges would be affected by your actions on this might have dragged out even longer. against manufacturers by Nader groups matter-labor, industry. truck retailers, From another critical perspective, though, make the evening news; indignant charges parts suppliers, and certain consumers NBC certainly did not choose a particularly against giant media conglomerates (by the groups-! am encouraged by your willing­ gruesome example of TV violence when it Authors Guild, for example) don't. ness to agree to conduct a public hearing on decided to present a situation in which a The important thing, however, is that the your proposed rule. I trust that this appar- 186 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 ent openness is indioa.tive of a real desire t o omy, in a very short time frame, most all cases they are potentially in error, since thoroughly consider new evidence and to difficult, if at all possible. by their very nature they are mere predic­ objectively evaluate it in light of the par­ I would also ask, in terms of lead time tions of technological developments and tial data and assumptions upon which the planning, if you have possibly overlooked the economic capab111tles. Thus, even after you proposed standards were initially based. fact that in but five-and-one-half months, have had the benefit of this public hearing, Such a process should ultimately result in the manufacturers must start filing applica­ you must recognize that the standards must the issuance of a final rule containing at­ tions with the Environmental Protection be established to allow for this error. You tainable standards which achieve the max­ Agency for vehicle emission certification cannot assume a best case for each assump­ imum fuel savings without causing further testing for their 1980 model year cars and tion. This will lead to a standard which has increases in an already high unemployment trucks? NHTSA is very late in issuing its fuel only a scintilla of a chance of being achiev­ figure. economy standards proposal. There is much able. And, I remind you that should your I refer you for the moment to just one less chance then for manufacturers to meet error result in an unachievable standard, instance of threatened higher unemploy­ compliance testing dates with such drastic the economic consequences would be placed ment if the DOT proposal you have issued changes of fuel economy standards from 1979 directly upon a particular industry, its em­ becomes final. Unemployment in the De­ to 1980. ployees, and the communities where such troit area is still rampant. Chrysler's Jeffer­ The leap from the 1979 truck fuel economy vehicles are produced. son Avenue auto plant in Detroit employ­ mileage standards for two-wheel drive and The standards proposed are beyond the ing over 3,000 workers was planned for a four-wheel drive trucks to the proposed 1980 technical capab111tles of truck manufactur­ $50 million renovation program to produce standards ranges from one to three miles per trucks and vans. Chrysler has recently an­ gallon. But, the inclusion of light duty work ers in the very short time frame before the firs!: model year they would take effect. Sub­ nounced that if these proposed standards vehicles that have a gross vehicle weight are not changed, this will jeopardize the between 6,000 and 8,500 pounds means truck sequent unemployment at truck manufac­ manufacturer's renovation program for that manufacturers have to improve the fuel ef­ turing and truck part supply plants, and plant. Subsequently, the company an­ ficiency of their fleet by as much as five miles elsewhere in the industry, would be sub­ nounced it has delayed its conversion plan. per gallon in only one model year. Incredibly, stantial with alarming economic and social This is just one example of the unnecessary the 1981 standards would almost match the impacts in certain communities if model unemployment problems your proposal standard for automobiles which are easier to lines of trucks and vans are dropped from creates. make more fuel efficient. production due to the severity of the stand­ I do not believe the role of NHTSA under Manufacturers, in order to meet current ards. the authority of the Energy Policy Conser­ 1978 automobile fuel mileage standards of DOT and NHTSA should modify the vation Act of 1975 to set fuel mileage stand­ 18 mpg, had almost two full years for lead standards by establishing a realistic objec­ ards for trucks is to threaten higher un­ time planning. That fleet average standard is tive for model years 1980 and 1981. I also employment rates by setting standards so reportedly being met today following indus­ urge you to promptly propose realistic severe that people lose jobs. try fuel efficiency improvements in engines standards for future truck model years to I am, of course, now speaking as the repre­ and dri velines and the downsizing of cars, fac111tate a longer lead time planning pe­ sentative of those who would be directly and plus the introduction of new subcompacts. riod. adversely affected by this proposed rule. The The standard for cars in 1980 is a fleet aver­ projected faceless statistics contained in the age of 20 mpg while for trucks it is only .8 I would urge Members of Congress and employment section of your rulemaking sup­ of a mile per gallon less. other interested parties to submit their port paper represent people I know. As such, Your truck standard proposal is overly op­ concerns to DOT and NHTSA request­ in this and other instances, they are a matter timistic. Congress did not intend for DOT to ing that the agency modify the pro­ of immediate and great concern to me and set standards in such a short time frame, posed rule and issue a more reasonable other Members of Congress. I say this in the standards that are beyond the technical ca.pa­ hope that the effect of your proposed rule b111ties of manufacturers, especially at the and attainable set of standards. I un­ upon them will become of increased con­ cost of jobs for the workers. derstand the comment period closes cern to you, so that, in establishing your As one of the principal authors of the leg­ January 30, 1978. final rule, you will pay greater attention to islation under which you act, I wish to em­ facts and concerns expressed to you during phasize that the burden of justifying any this hearing on the overly optimistic proposal standard rests with the government agency. PANAMA CANAL TREATY PRO­ for trucks which, if not modified, could re­ It is your responsibility to demonstrate the POSALS: FINAL COUNTDOWN sult in alarming impacts on the workers af­ accuracy and reliab111ty of your data and the fected by the rule. I would urge you recon­ soundness of your decision. To do less can sider your unproven assumptions in light of only constitute arbitrary and capricious HON. ROBERT K. DORNAN their potential human consequences. actions. OF CALIFORNIA I support the need to improve truck fuel In view of this, I am particularly con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES economy, but DOT's proposed rule not only cerned by the Department's own admission would significantly increase the mile per­ that the Nation's largest automobile manu­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 gallon demand from 1979 to 1980-81, but facturer would not likely be able to meet the also would change the weight classification to proposed mileage standards. Indeed, the rule­ Mr. DORNAN. Mr. Speaker, present include the vast majority of other "work­ making support paper devotes a number of indications are that the Senate will soon horse" trucks. pages to the ab111ty of General Motors to start an historic debate on the proposed There is not enough lead time for truck either absorb civil penalties or pass them new Panama Canal treaties that were and van manufacturers to regear eng-ineering through to their customers. The support never authorized by the Congress but and production plans and make the neces­ paper even compares the cost of civil penal­ were signed on September 7, 1977, by sary drastic changes to the additional classi­ ties which GM would pay with the value of the President of the United States and fication of trucks before the 1980 model fuel to be saved by the standard. year, with the model introduction date of Such analysis is utter nonsense. Again, this the Chief of Government of Panama the fall of 1979. does not carry out the intent of the law. Al­ and transmitted by the President to the These 1980-81 proposed standards follow though the ability of a manufacturer to pay Senate on September 16 for its advice DOT's and NHTSA's establishment earlier of a civil penalty must be considered if the and consent to ratification. the 1979 manufacturer fleet average truck manufacturer fails to meet the standards, it Since that time, the canal treaty ques­ standards of 17.2 mpg for two-wheel drive should not be considered in determining tion has become a subject of national and 15.8 for four-wheel drive vehicles weigh­ whether the standard is "feasible." The Con­ and international debate with the peo­ ing from zero to 6,000 pounds. The manu­ gress did not intend to impose mileage ple of the United States strongly opposed facturers state they are engineering to meet standards which the manufacturer of half of the 1979 standards for the fleets of trucks all nonpassenger automobiles cannot meet. to the projected surrender of U.S. sov­ they will introduce in the fall of 1978. Nor did the Congress intend to make any ereign control over the strategic water­ However, for the 1980-81 model years on company, and ultimately its workers and way and its protective frame of the U.S. trucks, the rule would establish 19.2 as the stockholders, pay massive civil penalties in Canal Zone. two-wheel drive truck standards and 16.2 the name of energy conservation. It has been particularly gratifying to mpg for four-wheel drive, while for 1981 the Reasonable standards must be established standards would be 20.5 and 17.7, respec­ note that many statements in opposi­ tively. If a manufacturer chose to include which manufacturers can achieve. Rules tion to the treaty proposals that have captive imports, each of the standards would should not be written with the intention been published in the United States with increase by as much as .5 mile per gallon. that they will be broken. No company wants factual information that is entirely Also, the rule expands the weight classifica­ to manufacture illegal vehicles. counter to the prosurrender propaganda tion of trucks to include all those weighing I commend you on your thorough support emanating mainly from the Department up to 8,500 pounds. The trucks in the 6,000 to paper, but I must remind you that all of 8,500 pound category are comprised of those your numbers and analyses are estimates. of State. which are heavier and have higher fuel con­ In many cases they are the result of care­ Among the various organizations that sumption. This makes the manufacturer's ful consideration, and in other cases they have seriously studied the canal subject task of achieving vastly improved fuel econ- may be only your best guess. However, in in the broadest sense is the American January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 187 Legion. Its foreign relations commissio.n rijos. This represents only two or three bil­ U.S. property through court tested treaties is chaired by Dr. Robert P. Foster, presi­ lion dollars which could readily be covered and agreements and mutually agreed upon by the federal budget. It could not be black­ payments to Colombia, Panama and the in­ dent of Northwest Missouri State Uni­ mail by narcotics profiteers, for this would dividual land and property owners; and versity at Maryville, Mo., and a leader be tantamount to surrendering to the crim­ Whereas, the United States Supreme Court of extensive erudition. inal element of society. For sure, it is not has ruled that the United States is legally Mr. Speaker, because the perceptive the free world leader's desire to have a demo­ entitled to sovereignty and ownership of statement on the Panama treaty situa­ cratic republic installed in Panama, as this the U.S. Canal Zone !or the purpose of tion in the latest American Legion na­ could probably be arranged in a matter o! building, operating, protecting and main­ tional security-foreign relations bulletin hours. taining a canal across the Isthmus; and should be of special interest to all Mem­ Few people remember that the last legally Whereas, the United States has lived up elected President, Dr. Arnufo Arias, now lives to its obllgation under the Treaty to the bers of the Congress, particularly those in exile in Miami, Florida, and all the legally letter of the law; and who will be coming' up for election in elected ministers of that congress are st111 Whereas, the political, economic and the November 1978, I quote it and the 1977 alive. What then, is on top of everything mllitary factors offer conclusive evidence Panama Canal resolution of the Legion else? What makes Jimmy jump? One must that it is in the vital national interest of as part of my remarks: assume that the U.S. Canal Zone represents the United States to retain sovereignty and FINAL COUNTDOWN ON THE PANAMA CANAL­ some kind of a major power trade-off be­ ownership of the U.S. Canal Zone and Canal; HIM OR ME? tween the U.S. and the Soviet Union, or and something of equal importance, whatever Whereas, over three-fourths of our Amer­ The final countdown has begun on the U.S. else that could be. But when it comes down Senate's vote for or against ratification of ican citizens consistently voice their opposi­ to the final Senate vote, it is anticipated tion to any kind of "giveaway" or dilution the Treaty signed September 7, 1977 by Marx­ that most Senators will vote the convictions ist Dictator Omar Torrijos and President of u.s. sovereignty over this territory; and of their constituencies, !or that is the way a Whereas, the United States as leader of Jimmy Carter. representative government operates. What The U.S. Canal Zone issue is one of those the free world has a moral obligation to re­ is the answer? main fair, firm and strong when faced with few subjects which touch the nerve endings It could not be Presidential concern for o! American citizens. They feel it as much as political blackmail; and the American farmer as the expt>rt of soy Whereas, surrender o! the U.S. Canal Zone they think it. And regardless of cliches and beans, wheat and cotton, which must go rhetoric from both sides, approximately would be tantamount to a major m111tary through the canal to compete with markets, defeat with enormous consequences for evil; three-quarters of adult Americans are solidly where a fraction of 1 percent can mean the opposed to the give-aways. The voters are now, therefore, be it difference in loss or profit. The American Resolved, by the American Legion in Na­ thinking about each of their Senators. Wlll Farm Bureau has told the President plainly, my Senator vote to give our Canal away? Wlll tional Convention assembled in Denver, "Don't give it away." Colorado, August 23, 24, 25, 1977, that we he vote to keep our Canal? It could not be the industrial and do­ In a recent strategy meeting on Capitol reiterate and reaffirm our continuing and mestic energy consumers on the East Coast, uncompromising policy in opposition to any Hill, between a group of bi-partisan anti­ who deserve the Alaskan oil at a minimum treaty Senators and the leaders of a few in­ new Treaties or Executive Agreements with price consistent with a fair profit for the Panama, relating to the U.S. owned Panama fluential national organizations, including oil industry. We already know that the new The American Legion, one Senator analyzed Canal and its protective frame o! the U.S. oil barons are working on the Isthmus. Canal Zone as expressed and set out in the situation thusly: "When it comes down It could not be Presidential concern for to the vote, the Senate's final vote on giving separate resolutions adopted consecutively the American coal industry, and the coal at each annual American Legion National the Canal away; and when it comes down to exports leaving from Hampton Roads for him (referring to President Carter) or me, Convention since the Miami Convention in the Far East, some 16 million tons annually. 1960; and, be it further most Senators will vote for me. They will Our port authorities on the Gulf and East vote the convictions of their constituency. Resolved, That we strongly urge all elected Coasts have also told the President, don't members in the U.S. Congress to oppose any Very few Senators are so dedicated to the give it away. Nor could it be a milltary judg­ President at this stage that they will vote new treaty with the government o! Panama ment. which : (a) in any way dilutes full U.S. sov­ themselves out of omce." It could not be fear of inflation, as all of All Senators realize the power of the Presi­ ereignty, ownership and control; (b) cedes the give-away advocates have told us that U.S. terltory or property; (c) surrenders any dency, the power of federal judgeships, the tolls will go up and consequently, so wm abillty to call Tom, Dick and Mary to the jurisdiction and control which would threat­ prices. en the economic and security interests of White House for "educational" briefings, the If the Senate ratifies the Panama Canal power to federal subsidies to state schools Treaty, Torrijos can, and most likely will, the United States; and, be it further and businesses, the power of a nod or a wink nationalize the U.S. Canal Zone as per a Resolved,· That the American Legion re­ approving federal monies and jobs. Senators United Nations resolution which states in jects the actions of the Executive agencies know better than most the prerogatives of part as follows: (General Assembly vote of the Federal Government in attempting to the head of government. They realize that passed Jan. 1975) by-pass the Constitution o! the United the withholding or denial of Presidential fa­ States, and we fully support Article IV, Sec­ "Each state has the right to nationalize, tion 3, Clause 2, o! the Constitution which vors, the President's willingness or refusal appropriate or transfer ownership t>! foreign to attend a fund-raiser, his memory or hls provides that only the Congress has the property, in which case appropriate compen­ authority to dispose o! U.S. territory. forgetfulness regarding overseas markets !or sation should be paid by the state adopting individual companies and individual states, such measures. . . . In any case, where the his influence on big contracts for multi­ question of compensation gives rise to con­ nationals; all these can be vote getters. The troversy, it shall be settled under the do­ TEMPLE ISAIAH SUPPORTS ANTI­ Senators know this. mestic law of the nationalizing state, and by TERROISM LEGISLATION The Senators also know that President its tribunals ...." Carter, who has gained quite a reputation Inasmuch as President Carter and his Am­ HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN as a softball pitcher, plays hard ball in poll­ bassadt>rial agents have publicly stated that tics. This is true of any President of the despite rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court, OF CALIFORNIA United States. He plays to win and he plays it is their conviction the U.S. does not legally IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES !or keeps. What many Senators do not com­ have sovereignty over the U.S. Canal Zone Thursday, January 19, 1978 prehend is why President Carter is so com­ and, inasmuch as Secretary Henry Kissinger mitted to giving the U.S. Canal Zone and agreed in the Agreement of Principles of Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, for over the Canal to a Marxist-oriented dictator February 7, 1974 with Panama's Juan Tack, a. decade air travelers and governments whose moral judgments, drinking habits, that the U.S. did not legally have sovereignty, the world over have been confronted time narcotics involvements, and record on human Gen. Torrijos may believe he can move and again with a war of terrorism and rights are so incompatible with his own a~ainst the U.S. Canal Zone with impunity. standards and Baptist values. piracy waged by extremist groups. Often, Perhaps he can and will. these organizations, such as the Pales­ Many Senators do not understand Presi­ wm tke President's all-out support fur the dent Carter's game of footsie with Fidel canal give-away cause inestimable political tine Liberation Organization and the Castro, a strong communist supporter of damage both to him and the party that Japanese Red Army, find support and Torrijos. What is behind Carter's determina­ elected him? It has already to former Sena­ encouragement for their nefarious activ­ tion to give the U.S. Canal Zone away, and tor McGee of Wyoming and Henry Howell ities by sovereign governments, such as pay this one man, Torrijos, such huge sums of Virginia. Who knows? Algeria and Libya. Knowing they can to take it? It can't be Latin American friend­ find refuge from justice in these and ship, for the truth is that most Latins do RESOLUTION No. 445 not care one way or another. Nor does it other nations, terrorist groups can act seem likely that the President's political PANAMA CANAL with impunity to hold innocent travelers partisans care all that much about the UN Whereas, the United States is the right­ hostage to their political demands. or the so-called Third World. Nor ca.n it be ful and legal owner o! the U.S. Canal Zone we know from experience--especially the U.S. banks' extension o! credit to Tor- and the Panama Canal, having acquired this in the United States and from the prac- 188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 tices adopted by El Al, the national air­ prepared and delivered to appropriate gov­ had previously expressed some concerns line of Israel-that stringent security ernmental officials and other persons. about the guidelines and called upon the measures are effective in reducing the Department of Health, Education, and incidence of hijacking. But security re­ ANATOLY SHCHARANSKY TURNS 30 Welfare to: first, increase its efforts to mains lax at dozens of airports through­ WITH NO END TO HIS IMPRISON­ involve the National Council on Health out the world and, unfortunately, no MENT IN SIGHT Planning, health planning agencies, pro­ measure of security can prevent attacks fessional organizations, and others in on airliners by those wielding weapons the process of developing the guidelines; such as shoulder-fired missiles. HON. JACK F. KEMP and second, revise the guidelines to in­ Combating air terrorism therefore re­ OF NEW YORK clude adequate flexibility for the local quires a degree of international coopera­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES health systems agencies to vary from the tion commensurate with the threat guidelines and therefore account for spe­ which is posed. The strongest deterrent Thursday, January 19, 1978 cial circumstances in their area. to air piracy is the guarantee of capture Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, January 20 I am pleased with the Department's and prosecution. The PLO and others marks the 30th birthday of Soviet pris­ actions dealing with both these concerns. have been so successful in their black­ oner of conscience Anatoly Shcharan­ It is indeed a refreshing change to see mail and in exacting reprisals from gov­ sky, who has been imprisoned in Mos­ that the Department of HEW under Sec­ ernments which have adopted a hardline cow's Lefortovo Investigative Prison for retary Califano's direction, is carrying policy, however, that many find it easier the past 11 months on false charges of out the intent of the law, as well as being to pay the price of granting safe passage conspiring with the CIA against the So­ responsive to the views of the public ex­ for these terrorists than in imprisoning viet state. Shcharansky has not been pressed during the comment period. I and convicting them. given the opportunity to speak out in his think this demonstrates that the Depart­ It is a price that is ultimately paid by own behalf or retain legal counsel, and ment is listening and the process does the millions who travel by air. Soviet authorities have recently ex· work. In such circumstances it is not enough tended their investigation of his case for The Department has increased its ef­ to merely decry and condemn these ac­ 6 months, further denying him his civil forts to get public input into the guide­ tivities. We must strengthen the hand of rights and prolonging his unjust incar­ line development process. The National those who wish to put an end to these ceration. Council on Health Planning and Devel­ threats. Recently, Senator RIBICOFF in­ I want to share with my colleagues the opment has had several meetings to dis­ troduced landmark legislation which message which I cabled to Shcharansky cuss the guidelines, the comment period forthrightly addresses this problem. His recently, reassuring him of my commit­ was extended to provide for additional bill would deny reciprocal landing rights ment to him and his family, and I urge public comment, and over 55,000 com­ to any country which harbors or grants my colleagues to do the same. We must ments were received. In addition, I am asylum to hijackers. continue to support him in every way pleased that the Department has chosen I fully support this proposal. It states that we can, strongly advocating his re­ to issue the revised guidelines as a that such conduct places a country in the lease and reunification with his family, notice of proposed rulemaking and pro­ role of accomplice with these groups, and showing Soviet authorities that we will that in so doing, a sanction will be trig­ vide for an additional period of com­ not stand for their inhumanity to those ment. This will allow for still more pub­ gered against it. If other nations were whose only crime is the desire to emi­ to adopt this approach, there would cer­ lic review and comment before these grate. guidelines are issued in final form. tainly be a reduction in these crimes. It The message follows: is therefore imperative for the United The guidelines have been revised to States, with all the authority we can DEAR ANATOLY: I wanted you to know that insure that the health systems agencies command, to assume the leadership in you are in my thoughts and prayers on your can adjust them to meet local conditions. this regard. 30th birthday, and that I am proud to have The analysis supporting the adjustment spoken out in your behalf so many times. I would be included in the agency's health Recently, Temple Isaiah in Los Angeles know how difficult it must be for you to adopted a resolution condemning air spend your birthday apart from your loved system plan. Thus, the application and terrorism and supporting Senator RIBI­ ones, and it is my strongest wish that you use of the guidelines is clearly in local coFF's legislation. I am pleased to bring will be released in the near future. hands as required by the law. In addition, this resolution to the attention of my I have met your lovely wife during her a number of the guidelines have been re­ colleagues : trips to Washington, and I have reassured vised to account for the special prob­ her of my commitment to help you in every RESOLUTION CONCERNING AIR TERRORISM lem of rural areas. way that I can. You have many friends all I believe that the Department is to Resolved, That over the world who are advocating your re­ Whereas, air hijacking has for too many lease, anclvit is our belief that you will pre­ be commended on its responsiveness to years terrorized the skies of the world, and vail as you symbolize the hope of all people both the Members of Congress and the Whereas, although such terrorism has been for freedom and justice. public who expressed concerns about the aimed in large part at the Jewish people, it Warm personal regards from your friend, guidelines. I would urge those who still has affected all of the peoples of the earth, JACK KEMP, have comments about the guidelines to and Member of Congress. make them known to HEW during this Whereas, previous efforts to abate the tide of such terrorism have proven unsuccessful, comment period on the revisions to the and NATIONAL GUIDELINES FOR guidelines. Whereas, world cooperation to effectively HEALTH PLANNING combat such terrorism has become esential, Therefore, be it "MARBLEHEAD" ACCOMPLISHMENT Resolved, That Temple Isaiah of Los An­ HON. PAUL G. ROGERS geles, California, go on record in support of OF FLORIDA HON. DELBERT L. LATTA the measure (S. 2236) recently introduced by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF OHIO Senator Abraham Ribicoff, which would deny reciprocal landing rights to the aircraft of Thursday, January 19, 1978 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES any country providing assylum to air hi­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 jackers or air terrorists, and be it further Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, as many Resolved, That Temple Isaiah urges the of my colleagues know, the Secretary of Mr. LATTA. Mr. Speaker, I would like United States, through its Ambassador to Health, Education, and Welfare on Jan­ to call the attention of my colleagues in the United Nations and through other ap­ uary 18, announced revisions in the pro­ the House to a courageous accomplish­ propriate diplomatic channels, to seek action posed national health planning guide­ ment performed by the U.S. Coast Guard. by all world governments that will (a) lines which were originally published on The crew members o.f the cutter Marble­ strengthen airport security, (b) ensure that September 23, 1977. The publication of head on the night of October 23, 1977, perpetrators of air terrorism will face certain the guidelines is an important milestone capture and prosecution, and (c) provide gave of themselves completely in rescu­ that any country which refuses to take such in the implementation of the National ing two men who were stranded on Lake action will not enjoy reciprocal landing Health Planning and Resources Develop­ Erie. rights of its aircraft, and be it finally ment Act of 1974, and the Secretary is I would like at this time to insert in Resolved, That copies of this resolution be to be commended for his leadership. I the RECORD a letter of commendation January 19, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 189 from Mr. John B. Welch, of Perrysburg, potential for solving our balance of pay­ economic, social and political rights and in­ Ohio, addressed to the District Com­ ment problem. Furthermore, increased terests of black Americans. This growing na­ mandant of the U.S. Coast Guard in farm exports are needed because of dis­ tional debate about energy has led us to examine this question to ascertain the im­ Cleveland, Ohio. astrously low farm income, growing crop plications for black Americans. The letter follows: surpluses, and the worsening economic We are convinced that the nation faces (From the Perrysburg (Ohio) Messenger­ situation of agriculturally dependent in­ a serious energy problem. The evidence is Journal] dustries. The farm problem is becoming overwhelming that the primary fuels that PERRYSBURG, OHIO, a national problem. supply our homes, factories, :tariOS, trans­ December 13, 1977. In an effort to promote agricultural portation systeiOS and commercial establish­ DISTRICT COMMANDANT, exports, Congressman Boa PoAGE and I ments are rising in cost at an alarming rate. 9th Coast Guard District, It is also clear that our ability to supply are today introducing the Agricultural the demand for oil and natural gas from Cleveland, Ohio Trade Act of 1978. This bill would, among DEAR SIR: I am writing to personally thank domestic sources is diminishing while the the United States Coast Guard and particu­ other things, first, establish the policy of level of imports of these fuels continues to larly the crew of the cutter from Marblehead: the U.S. Government, in concert with grow. At the same time there appears to qe Boatswain Mate First Class Hughes, Ma­ private enterprise, to develop a syste­ a myriad of governmental constraints on the chinery Technician Third Class Comer, Sea­ matic approach for expanding interna­ production and use of coal, our most abund­ man Green, and Fireman Apprentice Tram­ tional markets for U.S. farm products; ant domestic fuel resource, and nuclear mel; boat no. 41357 for rescuing me after an second, create a minimum of six U.S. power. Efforts to develop alternative sources ordeal on Lake Erie this past October 23rd of energy are confronted with severe prob­ agricultural trade offices abroad whose leiOS of raising the necessary capital in light and 24th, 1977. sole function would be the promotion of The action of these men and your depart­ of the many uncertainties regarding govern­ ment are directly responsible for saving my U.S. farm products based on goals estab­ men tal policies. life. lished by country, region and commod­ MORE REMAINS TO BE DONE The night fishing trip we took was almost ity; third, improve the terms, conditions, Since the early 1960s gains have been made my last trip on the lake. and availability of credit for financing toward bringing the nation's black citizens My friend, asleep in the passenger's seat of farm exports by the Commodity Credit into the mainstream of American economic our 1966 32' Pembroke was unable to hear my Corporation; fourth, upgrade the role of life. This has occurred largely during a period calls for assistance after the boarding chain the Department of Agriculture officials of expansion tn the economy which created I was leaning against broke and I fell into now attached to U.S. embassies; fifth, in new opportunities for jobs. However, a great the water. view of the historic importance of farm deal more remains to be done. We still have This happened at approximately 10:30 p.m . tremendous unmet social and economic on October 23rd and after many unsuccess­ income support and conservation pro­ needs. The unemployment rate in the black ful efforts to reboard the boat, I was able to grams, establish a position of Assistant community is still twice the national rate. secure myself to a transducer cable at the Secretary of Agriculture for Commodity Perhaps more importantly, unemployment transom and rest my feet on the rudder. Programs; and sixth, in recognition of among black teenagers ranges up to 50 %. Upon his awakening, my friend and I were the role of U.S. food power in world af­ Over the next 15 years we must undertake unable to combine efforts to get me back on fairs and the dependence of U.S. pro­ to rebuild and revitalize our cities and urban board. The situation was hopeless and rny ducers on foreign markets, establish a areas where a very high percentage of black condition grave due to exposure to the 57 position of Under Secretary of Agricul­ people live. degree water. We note the historic direct correlation be­ The United States Coast Guard imme­ ture for International Affairs. tween the level of economic activity and en­ diately answered the "May Day" call given by Cost figures are now being developed ergy availability and consumption. Energy my friend at approximately 1 a .m . on Oc­ for this legislation, but is expected that supp1y development throughout our nation's tober 24th, 1977. Treasury exposure will be minimal inas­ history has been critically important to eco­ Their ability to find our vessel after being much as the only outlays not subiect to nomic growth. We find it very disturbing given poor directions to our location, the repayment will be the administrative ex­ to contemplate a future in which energy speed with which they rendered assistance, penses associated with setting up the s upply would become a const rain t upon our and first aid treatment for shock and expo­ ability to solve t hese critically important so­ sure are the only reasons I am able to write trade offices and other related adminis­ cial and economic problems which confront this letter. trative costs. black citizens. The outstanding seamanship of the Coast We have examined the administration's Guard crew had me in MacGruder Hospital, National Energy Plan in the light of the Port Clinton, Ohio, somewhere around 2:00 ENERGY, JOBS, AND BLACK agenda. for economic growth and development a .m. At this time I was unconscious and had AMERICA for America's black people. What we see in been since shortly before the rescue. the plan is an emphasis on conservation, It is with deep gratitude and respect fo!" and a reduction in the growth of total energy the United States Coast Guard that I write HON. BILL FRENZEL demand and consumption. The plan basical­ this letter. For without their excellent train­ OF MINNESOTA ly takes a pessimistic attitude toward energy ing, efficiency and ability to handle emer­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES supplies for the future. It seems to make the gency situations with calmness, surety and basic assumptions that (1) we will run out expeditiousness, I would certainly have suc­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 of all primary fuels, except coal, relatively cumbed. Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, on soon, and (2) essentially nothing can be done Thank you for saving my life! Thursday, January 12 the Wall Street to substantially increase or even to maintain Sincerely yours, existing production rates for oil and natural JOHN B. WELCH. Journal ran an excerpt from a report of gas. This emphasis cannot satisfy the funda­ the NAACP's National Energy Confer­ mental requirements of a society of expand­ ence. ing economic opportunities. INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL The excerpt shows a keen and thought­ We think there must be a more vigorous TRADE ACT OF 1978 ful insight into America's energy prob­ approach to supply expansion and to the de­ lem. The NAACP correctly concludes velopment of new supply technologies so that that there are serious deficiencies in the energy itself will not become a long-term HON. DAWSON MATHIS administration's national energy plan. constraint, but instead can continue to ex­ OF GEORGIA pedite economic growth and development in The administration would be well ad­ the future. All alternative energy sources IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vised to follow the thoughtful logic of should be developed and utilized. Nuclear Thursday, January 19, 1978 the NAACP's national energy conference power, including the breeder, must be vigor­ and to support the changes which it sug­ ously pursued because it will be an essential Mr. MATHIS. Mr. Speaker, the record gests. Our conference committee would part of the total fuel mix necessary to sus­ balance of trade deficit the United States be even better advised to do so. tain an expanding economy. Other alterna­ is now experiencing threatens the stand­ The article follows: tive sources, such as solar, geothermal, bio­ ard of living of all Americans. Without mass, tidal, oil shale and synthetic fuels agricultural exports, which totaled ap­ ENERGY, JOBS AND BLACK AMERICA from coal must also be developed and made proximately $24 billion in 1977 and al­ [NOTE.-The following is excerpted from commercially available at the earliest possi­ most offset total U.S. oil imports, the the report of the National Association for the ble time. A more positive attitude by the Advancement of Colored People's National administration toward supply development U.S. economy would truly be in a state Energy Conference: ] is extremely important because future devel­ of chaos. The National Association for the Advance­ opments will be largely determined by the Many persons, including myself, be­ ment of Colored People has for manv ye

major innovative programs to bett~r City of Philadelphia was represented by its Ukrainian rite, language, culture, to work serve the interests of young people In Mayor, Hon. Frank L. Rizzo. incessantly for the completion of the struc­ need. Chief among the League's accom­ Among many ecc!esiastic dignitaries there ture of the particular Ukrainian Catholic were present: Cardinals Jorn Krol of Phila­ Church with a patriarchate and declared plishments has been its leadership in delphia and William Baum 0f Washington, that to be an unchangeable wish cf the en­ shifting residential institutions from cus­ Archbishop-Metropolitan of the Ukrainian tire Ukrainian people. He pleaded for the todial care to treatment, making Mr. Catholic Church in Canada, Maksym Her­ intensification of all Ohristian teaching Reid one of the foremost authorities in maniuk, C.SSR., and all Ukrainian Bishops among the faithful in accordance with the the residential treatment field. The of Canada: Isidore Boretsky of Toronto, resolutions of the last Episcopal Synod in League, under Mr. Reid, also has been a Andriy Roboretsky of Saskatoon, Neil Sav­ which he recently took part. leader in bringing about more en­ aryn, OSBM, of Edmonton, Dmytro Hresh­ In his English sermon, the Archbishop­ chuk, Auxiliary Bishop of Alberta, Jeremy Metropolitan Joseph Schmondiuk recalled lightened approaches to problems of Khimiy, OSBM, of Vancouver, Ukrainian the resolution of the Second Vatican Coun­ adoption and foster care. Bishops in the United States, Jaroslav cil about the preservation of the unique Other trend-setting work by the Gabro of Chicago, Basil Losten uf Stamford, Eastern Churches, about the establishment League under Mr. Reid's leadership has Archbishop-Metropolitan of the Byzantine­ of patriarchates, and compared these reso­ included the first studies in cost-account­ Ruthenian rite in the USA, Stephen Kocisko lutions with tlhe new trends for multicultur­ ing in child welfare; the first significant of Munhall, Pa. and bishops Emil Mihalik, ism and ethnic pluralisms which are now Michael Dudick and Thomas Dolynay. endorsed by the governments of the USA and study of adoption of Indian children; Among civilian dignitaries, there were Prof. Canada. "Our Church in diaspora is a light­ training programs for child care work­ Lev Dobrianskky, UCCA president, Ivan Baz­ house of freedom for our people in Ukraine," ers; studies pinpointing crucial issues arko, UCCA Executive Director, Dr. Walter said the Archbishop-Metropolitan. in day care and in care of the men tally Dushnyck, Editor, Prof. Dr. Petro Stercho, After the ceremony of the installation and retarded, as well as creation of new local UCCA president, Joseph Lesawyer, UNA the Pontifical Liturgy, which lasted from 2 foster parent education programs. The president, Ivan Olcksyn, president of the p.m. to 5 p.m., some 1,500 people were enter­ league was a key force behind the orga­ Ukrainian Workingmen's Association, all of­ tained at the banquet in honor of the new nization of foster parent groups that led ficials of the Providence Assn. of Ukrainian Archbishop-Metropolitan, the Most Rev. Jo­ Catholics under the leadership of the Mitered seph Schmondiuk, which was ·held in the to the formation of the National Foster Archpriest, Myroslaw Charyna, Dean of auditorium of the Ukrainian Catholic Ca­ Parent Association. Philadelphia, who had also his part in the thedral School in Philadelphia. Mr. Speaker, I am honored to have ceremony of the installation. Former prime­ this opportunity to bring to my col­ minister of the Carpatho-Ukrainian State, leagues' attention this brief outline of Yulian Revay was also present. the many accomplishments of Joseph Before the beginning of the formal instal­ LAWRENCE N. WOODWORTH H. Reid and of the Child Welfare League lation, a procession was formed outside the of America. I join the many others in church, which led the new Archbishop-Met­ ropolitan into the church. Apostolic Dele­ HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER wishing him a happy and productive re­ gate, cardinals, bishops were in the en­ tirement and in thanking him for his OF WISCONSIN tourage. Representatives of the Ukrainian or­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES years of courageous, innovative, and en­ ganizations were with banners of their orga­ thusiastic leadership in the child care nizations, there was a large group o.f the Thursday, January 19, 1978 field. organized youth and the colorful group of Philadelphia Hutsuls in the original cos­ Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, a recent tumes of their region in Ukraine. The united Washington Scene column by Martha NEW ARCHBISHOP-METROPOLITAN church choirs under the direction of Mr. Angle and Robert Walters paid appro­ OF UKRAINIAN CATHOLICS IN Osyp Lupan sang most beautifully contribut­ priate tribute to Larry Woodworth. For ing considerably to the magnificence of the the benefit of all who read the RECORD UNITED STATES INSTALLED IN ceremony. PHILADELPHIA this piece perceptively captures the es­ The ceremcny of the installation began sence of a distinguished public servant with the announcement by Msgr. Robert and it deserves to be inserted: Moskal of the nomination of the M0st Rev. WOODWORTH, A MAN WITHOUT PEER HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Joseph Schmondiuk to the Metropolltan See OF PENNSYLVANIA of Philadelphia. Immediately, the Mitered (By Martha Angle and Robert Walters) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Archpriest Myroslaw Charvna started read­ WAsHINGTON.-It is an article of faith, in ing the Papal Bull in Ukrainian, and the Thursday, January 19, 1978 any government based on laws and not men, Mitered Archpriest Stephen Chehansky in that there is no such thing as the indispens­ Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, a few English. After the choir had for three times able person. weeks ago, the Most Reverend Joseph answered affirmatively Apostolic Delegate's Perhaps there isn't. But Lawrence N. Schmondiuk was installed as the new question whether the nominee is dignified Woodworth, a man most Americans never Archbishop-Metropolitan of all Ukrain­ ("axios") to be installed as the Archbishop­ even heard of, came pretty close. Metropolitan, Apostolic Delegate, Archbishop Larry Woodworth, who died Dec. 7 follow­ ian Catholics in the United States in Jean Jadot led the new Archbishop-Metro­ ing a stroke, was in charge of drafting solemn ceremonies at the Immaculate politan to his throne on the right side of the President Carter's tax program. On the orga­ Conception Cathedral in Philadelphia. altar and handed him the Croizier, the sym­ nization charts, he was listed as the assistant The American Catholic daily news­ bol of his authority in the church. The secretary of Treasury for tax policy. chancellor and all deans of the Archparchy Since assistant secretaries of cabinet de­ paper, America, carried a very detailed paid the prescribed ecclesiastical homage, in account of these colorful ceremonies in partments are a dime a dozen, the title says the name of all clergy, to the new Arc

He was not a political man, in the accepted PROTECTING THE WHISTLE BLOWERS programs, "yes" to the amendment of­ sense of the phrase, but he understood the Hearings will begin shortly in Congress fered by Mr. WEISS to H.R. 2329. art of politics better than almost anyone. on legislation to protect "whistle blowers" Time and again, he pointed the way out of in the government. impasses and developed between the House No doubt the hearings will produce a long and Senate committees, providing just the string of incidents of the type that has right language, the right concept to break a DONALD ROWE-A MAN ON THE become all too fam111ar: the conscientious MOVE deadlock. employee who is demoted or fired for dis­ Woodworth was trusted implicity by all closing ineptness, waste or fraud in the fed­ who worked with him, and even though his eral government. HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON elected bosses often had sharply confiicting Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., recently released viewpoints, he never betrayed a confidence a 500-page document citing dozens of such OF CALIFORNIA and he never took sides. cases. Others pop up regularly in newspapers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Woodworth, with his specialized tax exper­ A new one, related by a reporter for The tise and intimate knowledge of Capitol Hill's Thursday, January 19, 1978 Detroit News, appeared in The Star the other power structure, could have made a fortune Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. in the private sector. He chose to remain in dey: a 32-year-old financial analyst who public service instead. was fired after charging that a study to Speaker, it is always inspiring to see an When Carter became president, Long and determine whether banks discriminate individual whose success in life can be Ullman went to him and virtually insisted against minorities and women in making attributed solely to his own ingenuity, that Woodworth be named to the top tax mortgage loans was "loaded" to protect the drive, and business acumen. Such a man policy post at the Treasury Department. banks. The man is working as a cab driver is Donald E. Rowe, a good friend of mine Carter quickly complied, and it may have while he fights, at considerable expense, to get back his government job. who parlayed the $75 he had in his pock­ been his wisest appointment. et when he first arrived in Los Angeles All year long, Woodworth labored quietly The most prominent whistle blower of re­ but effectively to help the "outsider" presi­ cent years, of course, was A. Ernest Fitz­ to the world's largest singly owned in­ dent understand and master the mysteries gerald, a middle-level Pentagon employee ternational household goods moving of "insider" politics on Capitol Hill. who told Congress about a $2 billion cost company, with revenues exceeding $35,- In typical fashion, he gained the presi­ overrun on the C-5A airplane. Mr. Fitz­ 000.000 annually. dent's respect and confidence without ever gerald was fired and conducted a six-year "Discover a need, develop the know­ losing his special status with Long and Ull­ battle, at a cost of several hundred thousand how to supply it, and then get out and man. He was the honest broker, as always, dollars in legal fees, to win reinstatement work for your idea." is the advice Don and his advice was heeded. and back pay. gives to young people today as they try It was Woodworth, as much as anyone, Senator Leahy's study led him to this who persuaded Carter to back off from his conclusion: "Employees who have exposed to enter the business world. And sound plan to send a massive tax reform bill to governmental waste and abuse have been advice it is; Don Rowe has followed it Congress next year, and to settle instead for fired, transferred, reprimanded, denied pro­ all his life, and has proven its worth in a tax reduction with only modest return motions, isolated and ignored. The specific our system of free enterprise. trimmings. harassment has taken many forms, but the Born in Florida on February 17, 1929, result is the same: The employee is 'neu­ Don terminated his formal education at tralized.'" the age of 14. After enlisting in the U.S. PROTECTING THE WHIS'ILE­ Senator Leahy and two House members, Reps. Morris Udall, D-Ariz., and Paul Simon, Army when he was 16 and underage, he BLOWERS D-Ill., have introduced legislation that served in the infantry during World War would create an independent review board II, reenlisting in the Air Force for an HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. to hear whistleblowers, check up on their additional 3 years and attained the rank complaints and protect them from angry of corporal. OF MARYLAND supervisors. In 1949, Don Rowe left his hometown IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The government, like other employers, has of St. Petersburg, where he was work­ Thursday, January 19, 1978 its share of workers who would rather spend their time griping than working. ing as a machine operator in a bakery. Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, during the But it is clear that protection is needed and arrived in Los Angeles with $75 to recess which has just concluded. the for government employees who have legiti­ his name. He worked as a $32 per week Washington Star editorialized in support mate claims of mismanagement or wrongdo­ billing clerk for a small moving firm­ of the bill introduced last session by Con­ ing. Civil servants whose purpose in com­ "I was a terrible typist." he remembers­ gressman UDALL-and cosponsored by plaining is to improve government service Columbia Van Lines. After leaving the and save the taxpayers' money should not company and then returning as a sales­ Congressman PAUL SIMON and me-to be harassed or silenced. grant certain protections to Government man, Don seized an opportunity and be­ Tbe White House has proposed to estab­ came the Los Angeles agent for one of "whistleblowers." lish an office within the Civil Service Com­ As a Member of Congress from a dis­ mission to protect whistle blowers and to the Nation's largest moving companies trict with over 40,000 Federal workers, investigate their charges. Some federal em­ at the time. He won the position by !lor­ I am very well aware of the hazards of ployee spokesmen feel, however, that there's rowing $1,500 and buying a 1936 Chev­ blowing the whistle on Government too much of the fox-guarding-the-henhouse rolet truck. The 20-year-old businessman waste, corruption, and mismanagement. in that plan, and we're inclined to agree. had laid the foundation for Imperial In­ I and members of my staff have met with Unless the administration can demonstrate ternational. several people who have blown the whis­ that its plan offers real protection for whistle By 1956, Rowe was in a position to out­ blowers, Senator Leahy and Reps. Udall and bid one of his former employers for a tle and have paid a price-they were Simon ought to push their bill to give them demoted, shuffled off to a corner and nev­ a statutory shield. $250,000 contract. In 1959, he helped er given any work, or they were RIFed pioneer a revolutionary idea for the at the first possible opportunity. Many household goods moving industry to the people feel that whistleblowers are mere­ Department of Defense-containeriza­ ly troublemakers. Indeed. some whistle­ PERSONAL EXPLANATION tion of household goods for overseas blowers are that and nothing more. But shipments. the vast majority of the people I have Although Don helped pioneer this new spoken with are honest, hard-working HON. LARRY McDONALD moving concept for overseas shipments, civil servants who saw something wrong OF GEORGIA it proved to be so successful that he again in the Government and spoke up. For this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pushed the conceot, this time on the they should be lauded, not condemned. Thursday, January 19, 1978 domestic market. This method has sev­ This bill, the Federal Disclosure and eral major advantages-freedom from Accountability Act, has my complete Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, due to theft, damage, and excessive handling, support. It is being offered once more a commitment to be a participant of the according to Don. Known in the industry for cosponsorship and I think that any Panama Canal truth squad, I was un­ as the door-to-door system, Rowe claims Member concerned about safeguarding able to be present for the votes that oc­ to be able to cut delivery time in half as employees rights should gi~'e the bill se­ curred Thursday, January 19. I requested compared to van line moving. A subsid­ rious consideration. to be paired on the votes taken, and if iary company of Imperial International I enter at this point the editorial from I had been present, I would have voted Inc .. "rmoerial Van Lines, received ap­ the Star on January 10, 1978: "no" on H.R. 2329, the fish and wildlife proval from the Interstate Commerce 200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 19, 1978 Commission in f972 'to initiate this sociates. Charley presided at hundreds therefore, I wish to introduce a report method in domestic moving. of meetings made orderly by his keen to my constituents explaining the history Recognized as one of the leading inno­ knowledge of procedure and his for­ behind the formation of the Caucus and vative forces in ·the household goods bearance. the Caucus' recent endeavors to solve the moving .industry, Don is responsible for His presence will be sorely missed at steel import problem. more than a dozen new concepts, which the Assembly and in the St. Paul com­ The recent formation of a Congres­ have benefitted both the military and the munity. Those of us that know him have sional Steel Caucus is a matter of vital public. depended on his patience, understand­ importance to all of us in the 20th Con­ Today, Imperial International's as­ ing and wise counsel. I hope that such gressional District. The banding together tounding growth and success stand as counsel is still available despite his re­ of some 175 Members of the House of testimony to Don Rowe's abilities. Head­ tirement as president of one of America's Representatives to influence Administra­ quartered in Torrance, Calif.; the firm finest labor groups. tion policy toward the steel industry and controls ··eight subsidiary companies lo­ Below is an article from the Union to press for legislation in those areas cated ·in such varied parts of the world Advocate

SENATE-Friday, January 20, 1978 The Senate met at 11:30 a.m. and was of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I here­ UNANIMOUS CONSENT CALENDAR by appoint the Honorable SAM NUNN, a Sen­ called to order by Hon. SAM NuNN, a Sen­ Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, ator from the State of Georgia. ator from the State of Georgia, to perform th~ duties of the Chair. I ask unanimous consent that the Senate JAMES 0. EASTLAND, proceed to the consideration of Calendar PRAYER President pro tempore. Orders numbered 537, 552, 553, and 554, The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward all of which are on the Unanimous Con­ L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following Mr. NUNN thereupon assumed the sent Calendar. prayer: chair as Acting President pro tempore. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ The Lord is my light and my salva­ pore. Is there objection? Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, reserving tion; whom shall I tear? The Lord is the RECOGNITION OF LEADERSHIP strength of my lite; of whom shall I be the right to object, and I will not object, atraid?-Psalms 27: 1. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ the items identified by the majority lead­ Lift us up, 0 Lord, above the drabness pore. The Senator from West Virginia. er were moved to the Unanimous Con­ of the commonplace into the light of Thy sent Calendar yesterday. Of course, we have no objection to their consideration presence where "the reconciliation, the THE JOURNAL rebuilding, and the rebirth" for which we and passage at this time. strive may take place. Shed Thy holy Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ light upon our pathway that we may walk I ask unanimous consent that the read­ pore. Is there objection? Without objec­ in the way of Thy statutes. ing of the Journal of the proceedings of tion, it is so ordered. 0 God, our Father, put within us "a yesterday, Thursday, January 19, 1978, be faith to remove mountains" so that no dispensed with. LOSSES AS A RESULT OF BAN ON burden may be too heavy, no problem The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ TRIS too confounding, no difficulty too com­ pore. Is there objection? Without objec­ plex, but that by Thy grace and Thy wis­ tion, it is so ordered. The Senate proceeded to consider the dom we are led to know the truth and bill