Bloodshed in Bodoland: Illegal migration haunts Assam Table of contents An avoidable riot? Assam riots: Violence was in the air, but govt missed the signs 04 Assam riots: What leaves Bodos angry and frustrated? 06 Assam violence shows we need to open up legal migration 08 Assam riots: Fruits of living in denial over Bangladesh influx 10 Was the Bodo-Muslim violence in Assam pre-planned? 12 Assam DGP says trouble in Kokrajhar to continue for years 13 A timeline of Bodo-Muslim violence in Assam 15 Refugee Crisis Muslim, Bodo villagers flood Assam relief camps 17 Assam violence escalates, thousands homeless 19 Train travails Northeast train services disrupted over Assam violence 22 Thousands of protestors halt Rajdhani, other trains in Assam 23 Roy seeks adequate force to protect trains in Assam 24 A Chief Minister under attack Assam riots: Digvijaya defends Gogoi, rejects Guj comparisons 26 PM calls Gogoi, asks him to bring situation under control 28 Gogoi blames economic disparity for violence in state 29 Scan QR code or click to download our iPad / iPhone app An avoidable riot? Assam riots: Violence was in the air, but govt missed the signs The migrants vs Bodos issue is much more than a law and order issue; it requires a political solution. Simantik Dowerah, Jul 24, 2012 he fear of ethnic riots hung heavy in the “On 6 July two persons from the minority com- air but the authorities never saw it com- munity were killed. Again on 19 July, another T ing. two persons people from the minority commu- nity were found dead. These two incidents were The riot situation was building up gradually in indicators of what would follow. Yet in both the the ethnically sensitive Bodoland Territorial Ad- cases, police failed either to identify or nab the ministered Districts (BTAD)—Kokrajhar, Baska, culprits,” Pramod Boro, president of All Bodo and Chirang barring Udalguri in Assam—since Students’ Union, told Firstpost in a telephonic the beginning of July. The police were slow to conversation. anticipate trouble and still slower initiating ac- tion to quelling the flare-up. Nineteen people Given the history of ethnic acrimony in the have lost their lives so far and people are still region, a retaliation was expected. “On 20 July, fleeing their homes for safety. four ex-Bodo Liberation Tigers cadres were shot dead at Joypur under Kokrajhar police station,” Boro said. The killings were evidently acts of members were caught by “locals” and lynched mischief-makers, who were aware about what for allegedly opening fire. exactly it takes to trigger a riot. But Boro blames the state government more. On 23 July, the Rajdhani Express was stopped at the Kokrajhar railway station for hours by “Whenever there is violence in the BTAD areas, activists from the minority community. Both the state government never takes any initiative the leaders, however, insist that ethnic harmony to check it. There is an absolute lack of security should prevail. Alam has appealed the Central forces. Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi is handling government to intervene and order a CBI in- the home portfolio. He is also heading the Uni- quiry in to all the incidents between 20-23 July. fied Command. There is not enough military or paramilitary presence in the disturbed areas. Despite the smooth talk from both sides, the We are not safe. The administration is weak and situation remains volatile and the government not doing enough. We have already given them looks like it is in no position to provide a time a list of sensitive areas where forces are needed. frame within which peace would be restored. But there has been no deployment of forces,” he said. Assam’s Transport and Tourism Minister and member of Bodoland People’s Front, Chandan He was hinting at lack of forces deployment Brahma, who is visiting the area said the situa- to protect about 50,000 Bodos living in the 33 tion was tense. relief camps. “It is hard to fix a time for peace to return. What The indigenous Bodos consider the Muslims in started as a small Bodo and non-Bodo incident the area as illegal migrants from Bangladesh, has snowballed into a full-fledged ethnic con- even though many of them are settled migrants, flict. The situation became bad when the four born in this region after 1947. There have been former BLT members were killed,” Brahma told several clashes between both the groups over Firstpost over telephone while on his way to the last decade. Boro sought to emphasise — Chirang district. But the minister did not agree without saying in as many words — that the in- that there was a shortage of forces. digenous people were under threat from outsid- ers whose population has been rising. “There are also lot of rumours flying here and there. We are in favour of a political settlement The All Bodoland Minority Students’ Union to the issue,” the minister said. It’s tacit accept- (ABMSU), president Sultan Alam, has a differ- ance of the fact that the situation in BDAT is ent take though. “I have heard that 10 compa- not just a law and order problem. The Udalguri, nies of security forces are in Kokrajhar. Where Darrang and Sonitpur districts had a similar, are they deployed? They are certainly not de- though far more intense, flare-up in 2008. It ployed in Muslim villages. Not a single security had led to loss of lives and large scale internal personnel is in my village. I am myself living displacement of people. like a refugee fearing for my life,” he told First- post. The government should be worried that in the conflict in the Bodo dominated areas is now Alam, was indicating that forces were deployed turning out to be locals vs migrant settlers issue. to protect the Bodo areas, not the minority- The Bodos feel they are losing the demographic dominated areas. advantage due to the influx of `illegal’ settlers and might soon turn a minority in their own He also gave a different spin to the 20 July land. So far, no political party has applied itself killings. While Boro called it a killing by “Bang- to tackling the issue. ladeshi minorities”, Alam said that the ex-BLT Assam riots: What leaves Bodos angry and frustrated? There is increasing pressure from the migrant population on the locals. The Bodos feel threatened. Simantik Dowerah, Jul 25, 2012 hy are the Bodos on a short fuse all from time to time with devastating results for the time? As another conflagration both sides in the conflict. Their leaders would W sweeps across the Bodoland dis- say it is about rights, not alone claim over land tricts—nearly 50 people have been killed and and local resources. 170,000 rendered homeless so far in the latest one—the time is apt to revisit the crux of the “It is not land issue alone. It is deprivation on problem. several fronts. Our areas remain underdevel- oped,” All Bodo Students’ Union (ABSU) presi- It’s unfortunate that the largest and the oldest dent Pramod Boro told Firstpost from Kokra- plain tribe in Assam with a rich cultural history jhar over telephone. He would not admit that would be known for conflicts only. It has indeed Bodos are prone to picking up fights. “With the been a trouble-torn history — the Bodos have Assamese and Bengali population we have led found themselves at war with different people a fairly peaceful life. In 1996, we had an ethnic clash with the Adivasis. But I believe that it was a secret…They would no longer be a minority. a third force that ignited the fire between the They would be majority very soon. Bangladeshis Santhals and the Bodos,” Boro said. are a real threat.” Kameswar Brahma, president, Bodo Sahitya Sabha (BSS), agrees. When there The Bodo-Santhal conflict which broke out in would be pressure from external population, May 1996 in Kokrajhar and Gossaigaon resulted temperature will simmer, he said. in the displacement of over 250,000 people. The fight started again in 1998 triggering an- Anjali Daimary, convenor, Bodo National Con- other wave of exodus from both communities. ference, said, “In the 80s and 90s the Muslim In both the conflicts, hundreds lost their lives. population was so less. Today the indigenous During the dreaded 90s, militancy reached its population is facing a threat. People now say we peak in Bodoland, particularly in Kokrajhar are just a 20 percent of the population.” district. Boro pointed out that new non-Bodo organisa- It is no secret that Bodo militant groups like the tions coming out in BTAD areas were a matter National Democratic Front of Bodoland and of concern. “These non-Bodo organisations are Bodo Liberation Tigers Front used gun power to working against the interest of the Bodos and scare away non-Bodo population from Bodo ar- also the non-Bodos. They are instigating a sense eas. The groups used force to assert their domi- of insecurity among the non-Bodo population in nance in areas where they were in minority. The Bodo areas,” the ABSU chief said. Adivasi Cobra Force, the Santhal militant wing, was born out of the relentless attack. Brahma blamed the mess in the Bodo areas directly on the Central government. “The Cen- Boro, however, chose to differ. “The enquiry tre has failed to provide rights to the Bodos and commission set up by the state government to Santhals. Even though we have the Bodoland look into the Bodo-Santhal conflict never gave Territorial Areas District (BTAD) under the its report.