November 4, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S11695 be granted permission to meet during consent to hold a markup on the fol- as an example of devotion to commu- the session of the Senate on Tuesday, lowing nominations: Richard J. Griffin nity. He and his wife have been in- November 4, for purposes of conducting to be Inspector General, Department of volved in, and often led, numerous a full committee hearing which is Veterans Affairs; William P. Greene, community projects in the south Rio scheduled to begin at 10:00 a.m. The Jr. to be Associate Judge, Court of Vet- Grande Valley. They are also pioneers purpose of this hearing is to consider erans Appeals; Joseph Thompson to be in the effort to forge meaningful and the nominations of Curtis L. Hebert Under Secretary for Benefits, Depart- productive relationships with private and Linda Key Breathitt to be Mem- ment of Veterans Affairs; and and public sector community leaders bers of the Federal Energy Regulatory Espiridion A. Borrego to be Assistant on the Mexican side of the border. Commission. Secretary for Veterans Employment Frank Yturria was first appointed in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without and Training, Department of Labor; 1990 by President Bush to serve as objection, it is so ordered. The markup will take place in S216, chairman of the Board of Directors of COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC of the Capitol Building, after the first the Inter-American Foundation, a de- WORKS scheduled votes in the Senate on Tues- velopment agency which promotes self- Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask day morning, November 4, 1997. help community efforts in Latin Amer- unanimous consent that the full Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ica and the Caribbean. During his ten- mittee on Environment and Public objection, it is so ordered. ure, Frank Yturria instituted nec- Works be granted permission to con- essary reforms at the agency and in- SUBCOMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES AND duct a hearing Tuesday, November 4, TECHNOLOGY sisted on program accountability. Be- 2:00 p.m., Hearing Room (SD–406), on S. Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask cause of his efforts and hard work, 627, The African Elephant Conservation unanimous consent that the Sub- Frank Yturria is the first member of Act reauthorization, and S. 1287, the committee on Financial Services and the Inter-American Foundation’s Asian Elephant Conservation Act of Board of Directors to be reappointed by 1997. Technology of the Committee on Bank- ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs be au- any President, Democrat or Repub- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without lican. This reappointment by President objection, it is so ordered. thorized to meet during the session of the Senate on Tuesday, November 4, Clinton clearly speaks volumes about COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Frank Yturria’s contributions to his 1997, to conduct a hearing on ‘‘man- Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask community, Texas, and to our Nation. dating year 2000 disclosure by publicly unanimous consent that the Com- I support his reappointment and wish traded companies’’. mittee on Foreign Relations be author- him well as be continues to work for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ized to meet during the session of the mutual friendship and prosperity of the objection, it is so ordered. Senate on Tuesday, November 4, 1997, United States and Latin America.∑ at 2:15 to hold a Business Meeting. SUBCOMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND f The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without SPACE objection, it is so ordered. Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENTAL AFFAIRS unanimous consent that the Sub- INSTITUTE 1997 FREEDOM AWARD Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask committee on Science, Technology and ∑ Mr. GRAMS. Mr. President, late last unanimous consent on behalf of the Space of the Committee on Commerce, month in downtown Washington, the Governmental Affairs Committee to Science, and Transportation be author- International Republican Institute meet on Tuesday, November 4, at 9:00 ized to meet at 2:30 p.m. on next gen- honored Ronald Reagan as the recipi- a.m. for a Nomination Hearing on the eration internet. ent of their 1997 Freedom Award. Sel- following nominees: Ernesta Ballard, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without dom, if ever, has a Washington dinner to be a Member, Postal Board of Gov- objection, it is so ordered. been held to honor an American when ernors; Dale Cabaniss, to be a Member, SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND the honor was more richly deserved or Federal Labor Relations Authority; INFRASTRUCTURE more sincerely conferred. There was a and Susanne T. Marshall, to be a Mem- Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask deep and abiding outpouring of respect, ber, Merit Systems Protection Board. unanimous consent that the Sub- admiration and affection for our Na- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without committee on Transportation and In- tion’s 40th President. Even a touch of objection, it is so ordered. frastructure be granted permission to nostalgia was present as guests and COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS conduct a hearing Tuesday, November speakers recalled when our Nation was Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask 4, 9:30 a.m., Hearing Room (SD–406) on led by a President guided by a clear vi- unanimous consent that the Senate the status of Federal transportation sion and deeply-held convictions. Committee on Indian Affairs be author- programs in the absence of a multi- The formal program included re- ized to meet at 9:15 a.m. on Tuesday, year reauthorization. marks by James Billington, the Librar- November 4, 1997 in Room 485 of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ian of Congress, and our colleague, the Russell Senate Building to mark-up objection, it is so ordered. chairman of I.R.I., Senator MCCAIN of the following: H.R. 976, the Mississippi f Arizona. Mrs. Reagan was there to rep- Sioux Tribe Judgment Fund Distribu- resent her husband and she made a tion Act of 1997; and the Nomination of ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS brief statement in his behalf when the B. Kevin Gover, to be Assistant Sec- award was presented. These statements retary for Indian Affairs, Department REAPPOINTMENT OF FRANK D. focused on Ronald Reagan’s indispen- of the Interior. YTURRIA TO THE INTER-AMER- sable leadership that led to the fall of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the Berlin Wall and to freedom for hun- objection, it is so ordered. ICAN FOUNDATION BOARD OF DI- RECTORS dreds of millions throughout the globe. COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY Mr. President, the statements of Mr. D’AMATO. Mr. President, I ask ∑ Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I these distinguished Americans deserve unanimous consent that the Com- am pleased to recognize an outstanding the attention of the Senate and the mittee on the Judiciary be authorized American and Texan and to take note American people. Moreover, they to meet during the session of the Sen- of his recent reappointment by Presi- should be part of the public record so ate on Tuesday, November 4, 1997 at dent Clinton as a member of the Board that future generations will have con- 10:00 a.m. in room 216 of the Senate of Directors of the Inter-American venient access to them as they exam- Hart Office Building to hold a hearing Foundation. ine the life and influence of this great on ‘‘competition, innovation, and pub- Many in South Texas know Frank American whose vision and leadership lic policy in the digital age.’’ Yturria, and is wife, Mary, for the changed the world. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without many years they have devoted to pub- Accordingly, Mr. President, I ask objection, it is so ordered. lic service in Brownsville, TX, and that the statements by Senator COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS throughout the Rio Grande Valley. As MCCAIN and Dr. Billington, as well as Mr. D’AMATO. The Committee on a leading voice for community im- the brief remarks by Mrs. Reagan, be Veterans’ Affairs requests unanimous provement, Frank Yturria has served printed in the RECORD.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:32 Jun 07, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\MISCRE~1\1997\S04NO7.REC S04NO7 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S11696 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE November 4, 1997 The statements follow: system was systematically unable to re- climax in the immediate aftermath of the THE FOREIGN POLICY OF PRESIDENT RONALD spond—neither materially, because of their Afghan invasion. For the first couple of days, REAGAN (BY JAMES H. BILLINGTON, LIBRAR- backwardness in computers and high tech- the only explanation the Soviet regime could IAN OF CONGRESS, SEPTEMBER 25, 1997) nology, nor politically, because ordinary offer was that they were intervening at the people (as distinct from policy wonks) could invitation of the leader whom they had then The Cold War was the central conflict of not believe that a defensive system that we proceeded to shoot. They were soon rescued the second half of the 20th century, the long- were willing to share with others really from this embarrassment by the gratuitous est and most unconventional war of the en- threatened anybody. rationalizations and explanations for their tire modern era and an altogether unprece- If the first element of the Reagan leader- behavior provided by the Western media. dented experience for Americans. We never ship, then, was vision backed by strength in Reagan, the storyteller, instinctively real- directly fought our principal antagonist, the his first term, the second ingredient was his ized that America was a story, not a theory; Soviet Union, but we were faced for the first ability to be an altogether gracious winner that stories tend to unify people; and that time in our history—and over a long period— in his second term. By establishing a genu- the best stories are based on relatively uni- with an opponent who was both ideologically inely warm and basically non-adversarial re- versal archetypes that deal with good and committed to overthrow our system and ma- lationship with Gorbachev, cemented by a evil. Theories rarly bring peace, since they terially equipped to destroy us physically. rapid-fire set of summits in his second term, inspire divisions based on right and wrong President Ronald Reagan was the single President Reagan defied the general assump- and invite argument that leads to conflict. most important political figure in ending the tion of the foreign policy establishment that Stories are shared; theories are debated. Cold War without either making concessions summits had to be basically choreographed Anyone who came within the President’s or incurring major loss of life on either side. by experts and incremental in accomplish- orbit was immediately attracted by his sto- It was an astonishing accomplishment. Not ment. He began at Geneva by going one-on- ries. They invariably drew the diverse people surprising, those who never thought such an one with Gorbachev. He reacted to the accel- at his table together and were essentially in- outcome was possible in the first place have erating crisis of communism in a way that clusive. Theories, on the other hand, tend to been slow to recognize that the unraveling of did not humiliate but, in fact, honored an op- exclude those who do not believe in them— the Soviet Empire began, and became irre- ponent who was moving things in the right and to induce arrogance in those who do. versible, on his watch—and in no small part direction. The American academic experts whom as a result of his special qualities of leader- It is easy to forget now just how ritualized President Reagan periodically gathered ship. the Soviet-American conflict had become by around a lunch table in the White House In his monumental study of the rise and the end of the 1970’s—and how fatalistic the were often perplexed by his tendency to re- fall of civilizations, written just as the Cold Western establishment had become in ac- late tales of his own negotiations with labor War was beginning, Arnold Tonybee sug- cepting a more-or-less indefinite coexistence leaders in Hollywood. Yet, as I listened to gested that empires begin their inevitable with a Soviet Empire then at the height of these stories, I saw that he was both secur- decline when they meet a challenge to which its expansiveness. What helped change all ing a measure of buy-in from the often skep- they are systematically unable to respond. that was the third element in President Rea- tical intellectual community and, at the The hierarchical control system of the So- gan’s formula: the disarmingly simple way same time, pre-testing his future tactics by viet Empire met such a challenge with the he redefined the conflict itself as being not probing for the reaction of theorists to the Solidarity Movement in Poland. As a bot- fundamentally between systems, alliances, practicalities of his negotiating techniques. tom-up mass movement rooted in religion or even nations but between good and evil. President Reagan could negotiate from within the largest Soviet satellite, Soli- His famous ‘‘evil empire speech,’’ which strength because he had reassured us that darity was not the kind of movement which met with almost universal condemnation in our own story was a positive one, and that Soviet imperial managers could domesticate the Western media and academia, may well the sun was rising and not setting on Amer- either by decapitating or co-opting the lead- have played an important role in unclogging ica. ers or by offering carrots and sticks to its the logjam in the Soviet system and ending I do not know exactly what the substance members. John Paul II, the first Slavic Pope, the menace of accidental or mutual destruc- was of the President’s early conversations spiritually inspired it, and President Rea- tion that always hovered over the Cold War. with Gorbachev, but they seemed to involve gan’s political support helped it survive mar- Two different Soviet reformist politicians more the telling of stories than the debating tial law to become the decisive catalyst in told me amidst the alcoholic bonhomie of of theories. Debates like wars have a winner the eventual chain reaction of Communist the state dinner at the Reagan-Gorbachev and loser, but a story can celebrate the com- collapse at the end of the 1980’s. Moscow summit in June 1988 that they used mon victory of a higher good. President What were the key elements of Ronald the unprecedently undiplomatic nature of Reagan never claimed victory in the cold Reagan’s role in all of this? First of all, he that talk to convince other Soviet leaders War. Rather, he seemed to be welcoming was guided by a simple vision that ordinary that they should try to accommodate and Russia into the near-universal story of people everywhere could understand—rather not continue to confront the West. It seems movement toward freedom and openness. than by some complex strategic doctrine in- of course, paradoxical to suggest that a bel- President Reagan also had respect for the telligible only to foreign policy wonks. In ligerent speech could pave the way to peace- Russians’ own story. In his important ad- 1981 at Notre Dame, he spoke not of winning ful change. But what seems unlikely in the- dresses of June 1988 at Moscow State Univer- the cold war but of the bright prospects ‘‘for ory may well be true in real life. Real life is sity, he repeatedly used Russian examples to the cause of freedom and the spread of civili- told in stories. No one was a greater story- illustrate the universal principles of freedom zation,’’ indicating that ‘‘the West will not teller in real life than Ronald Reagan; and he and moral responsibility. During the same contain Communism; it will transcend Com- had a good basic story to tell. In my view, Moscow summit, he invited for lunch a full munism.’’ the end of the Cold War represented essen- range of dissident Russian voices, each of He made it clear at the beginning of the tially the victory of a story over a theory. whom had a story to tell; and at the State administration that tokenism in arms con- The United States of America is the result dinner at Spaso House, he invited many of trol and photo-op summit solutions to seri- not of any theory but of a story—made up these same figures and mixed them up at ta- ous problems would no longer be accepted. In over the years out of hundreds of individual bles with political leaders. Each dinner table effect, he told the world he would not go on human stories. The Soviet Union was the brought the best storytellers of the emerging playing the old favorite Russian game of product of a theory suddenly superimposed reforms face-to-face for the first time in one chess, the aim of which always seemed to be by politicized intellectuals through a coup in room with the powerful perpetuators of out- to play for a draw. Here, at last, was a good the midst of the inhuman chaos of World moded theories. old-fashioned American poker player who War I. Because Communism as a theory was, I was able to observe first-hand, in the knew he had the stronger hand, was willing in some ways, inherently appealing, Ameri- course of preparations for and the execution to raise the ante to a level that the strained cans were often reluctant to believe that the of President Reagan’s Moscow summit in Soviet system could not meet, and had the Soviet system was evil rather than just a June 1988, how he supported the forces of imagination to throw in the wild card of a temporary victim of Stalin’s paranoia or change at the level of both vision and tac- strategic defensive initiative. He proved that perhaps of defective genes traceable back to tics. The President had asked me, as perhaps an American President could be reelected Ivan the Terrible or Genghis Khan. It had he had asked others on the eve of the sum- without having had a summit meeting of any been easy for intellectuals to believe that mit, a simple but centrally important ques- kind—let alone the kind which legitimized Nazi totalitarianism represented a threat be- tion. How was it possible, he asked, for peo- Soviet leaders and placed the spotlight on cause of its exclusivist, racist underpinnings, ple to survive with sanity in such a cruel and weapons: the one area where the Soviet but it seemed hard to believe that anything repressive system? I did not have time to Union did, in some respects, enjoy parity could be fundamentally wrong with the in- think much about the question and re- with America. clusive ideal of an egalitarian society or sponded instinctively, largely on the basis of Reagan’s strategic defense initiative ad- with fellow intellectuals like Marx and my own family’s experience of living there, dressed a need which is arguably still impor- Lenin, who spent so much time in the Brit- ‘‘Because of the women, Mr. President.’’ It tant today with the possibility of rogue ish Museum even if they never worked in fac- was the babushkas who held the family to- states acquiring deadly delivery capabilities. tories. gether, staying at home while both parents But, at that time, it represented as well a The capacity to provide gratuitous excuses worked, creating a nest of warmth and hon- second key challenge to which the Soviet for Soviet behavior had reached a grotesque esty that compensated for the falsehoods and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:32 Jun 07, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\MISCRE~1\1997\S04NO7.REC S04NO7 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS November 4, 1997 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S11697 absurdities of the system and the coldness of overdrive schedule of visiting and Thatcher summed up President Reagan’s both the climate and the bureaucracy. empathizing with almost all the positive ele- contribution to the astonishing changes in At a dramatic moment at the Moscow sum- ments in Russia that were then pressing for the world today, ‘’Ronald Reagan won the mit of 1988, President Reagan was asked by a change. As she debarked from the plane, she Cold War without firing a shot.’’ Credit for Russian reporter on live television if he had was whisked by Raisa Gorbachev into the the victory is shared by all who fought and any messages to leave behind to the Russian Cathedral of the Assumption in the Kremlin, suffered for the idea that just government is people. He replied that he wanted to send where she politely asked why it was no derived from the consent for the govern- this heartfelt greetings to the women of Rus- longer the center of worship that it had been ment. sia for their role in holding families together and would once again soon become. She got Americans and freedom fighters every- and transmitting the traditions and values up early the next morning and asked to see where recognize President Reagan as the of the Russian people from one generation to Russia’s greatest icons which had been re- godfather of the contemporary movement another. This spontaneous response was moved from public view by the regime, os- that would liberate half a billion people from mentioned by almost all Russians with tensibly for restoration but probably also to communism and authoritarianism. whom I talked in the additional week I avoid excessive veneration during Russia’s Mrs. Reagan, tonight we are giving IRI’s stayed on after the summit to inventory pop- Millennium year of Christianity. By prying Freedom Award to President Reagan to ular reactions. And I thought of this remark these holy pictures out of the reserve collec- honor the man who’s faith in our country again when I was in Moscow three years tion of the Tretyakov Gallery, she enabled and it’s mission is unyielding. But, we are later as the entire system imploded during 48 Russians to see them since there had to be here to honor you as well for your long part- dramatic hours in August 1991. Crucial in the television coverage of her visit. nership with the President for the work that resistance against the coup attempt of the She visited schools, writers, and has meant so much to America and the dying Communist system were the old Pastenak’s grave, and—all on one hectic world. For your shared commitment to pre- women who castigated the young boys in the day—the greatest single mind and the two serve the ideals which make America great, tanks and, in effect, became an alternate best cultural centers in St. Petersburg before for your compassion for those who struggle chain of command, demanding that they returning by plane to host the state dinner to live their lives as we live ours, free people obey their mothers rather than their offi- at which she inter-seated the Soviet political in a free country. cers. establishment with its own cultural and po- This is a fitting expression of our gratitude President Reagan’s Moscow summit in 1988 litical opposition. but it will not suffice to honor the service coincided with the Russian celebration of the This whirlwind of activity exhausted her you and the President rendered to humanity, Millennium of Christianity, and the Presi- traveling companions, like the wife of the merely a token of our appreciation. The dent had planned to visit the newly restored Russian President, Mrs. Gromyko, who ob- highest tribute we can pay it to keep faith, Danilov Monastery and to identify himself served on the plane going back to Moscow your faith, and the faith that shouts to ty- with the old Biblical story that Russians that she had solemnly concluded that some rants, ‘‘tear down this wall.’’ Like Ronald were then recovering. Many Americans, how- kind of Supreme Being might actually exist. Reagan we must be destroyers, not builders ever, were urging him to cancel this visit be- Gorbachev met for the very first time at of walls. All Americans, especially Repub- cause of the role that the Russian Orthodox Nancy Reagan’s dinner Tengiz Abuladze, licans gain courage from your example and Church hierarchy had played in suppressing whose great film ‘‘Repentance’’ was probably not fear the challenge from an every smaller the rights of Uniate Catholics in the the most important, single cultural docu- world. We should build our walls in a futile Ukraine. The President resolved this di- ment in pushing for the repudiation rather attempt to keep the world at bay, not walls lemma not by retreating from the visit but than just the modification of the Soviet sys- to people, no walls to the free exchange of by using it energetically to endorse the tem. ideas, no walls to trade. Ronald Reagan rights of the Catholic minority in the very Thanks, largely to Nancy, the Reagan knew and you did, that an open competition sanctuary of Russian Orthodoxy. He seems story is not over just because the sound of our ideals and ingenuity assure dour suc- instinctively to have understood that even track is now silent. The one key illustration cess. You both knew that isolationism and imperfect sources of the good should be sup- for this story is that of a man and woman, protectionism is a fools error. You both ported if the mission is to expel the real evil hand-in-hand, who made their sunset years knew that walls were for cowards, not for us, that had so long been camouflaged under the those of America’s sunrise. not for Americans. mask of utopian perfection. There are those who define this country by Of course, Ronald Reagan was not the only, REMARKS BY SENATOR JOHN MCCAIN what we are against and not what we are for. and at times not the main, hero of the story A long running dispute among historians is It is enough for them that the United States of the Cold War’s ending. The peoples of whether great men and women shape their opposed communism and once the threat Eastern Europe and leaders like Gorbachev times or whether the times shape the person. communism posed to our security was de- basically affected the changes; and, on the I suspect both propositions are true, but, feated they view America as the champion of American side, it was a cumulative and es- there is no doubt that Ronald Reagan, a man liberty to become an expensive vanity which sentially bi-partisan accomplishment. who’s character was certainly shaped by the was sure to disappear with the Berlin wall. But President Reagan, in playing out the times, profoundly influenced the course of Such a grand view of the American purpose all-important end game of the Cold War, had human history. He did so in many ways insults the generous spirit of Ronald Reagan a rare gift for making the American people which Senator Lott so ably identified. who believed that supporting the forces of comfortable with the main lines of his for- But, of all the lessons President Ronald democracy overseas was our abiding moral eign policy even when they were uncomfort- Reagan also taught the world, the one which obligation just as it was a practical neces- able with details. transcended all the others was his extraor- sity during the Cold War. At the end of an ideal story, good not only dinary insight into the universal appeal of I am proud of Americas long and successful triumphs over evil, but those who had been American Ideals and the ultimate futility of opposition to communism, but being anti- in darkness find the light and every one lives building walls to freedom. communist was not enough. It was never happily ever after. We all know that even At the time Ronald Reagan began his pres- enough. In our efforts to help others secure this happy story did not quite work out this idency there were few among us who shared the blessings of liberty distinguishes us from way. Many are still in darkness in the East; his remarkable confidence that a new age of all other nations on earth. It was necessary there were and are some shadows in our enlightenment for the rights of man would to defeat communism to protect the well- light; and it was not the end of history. be ascended in all the corners of the world. being of Americans but it was also necessary But the long-lingering cloud of potential This was not only possible in some distant to defeat communism because it threatened total war was evaporated along with the em- century but probable in our time. For most America’s best sense of itself and our sub- pire that might have activated it. And our of us who have lived through the long strug- lime legacy to the world. children and our children’s children will al- gle between the forces of freedom and the Mrs. Reagan, we thought long and hard ways owe a lot to a man who had a good forces of tyranny the prospect of our even- about a gift to give you and the President story to tell, and like most great story- tual triumph seemed a long distance off. this evening in addition to the Freedom tellers, was at heart a romantic. Ronald Reagan did not see it that way, Ron- Award. We decided upon something appro- In most morality tales that have human ald Reagan did not believe in walls. That was priate for the occasion and to the spirit of appeal, there is a strong woman who helps his genius. Ronald Reagan predicted to a the Reagan legacy. But without our sincere the forces of good overcome those of evil and skeptical world that it was inevitable, emi- commitment of carrying on that legacy, redeem the follies of man. nent for freedom. ‘‘Let us by shy no longer’’ these tokens will have little value, and on Ronald Reagan had—and still has—such a he asked, ‘‘let us go to our strength. Let us behalf of everyone here, I give you and Presi- woman at his side. At the Moscow summit of offer hope, let us tell the world that a new dent Reagan that commitment. 1988, the President was sustained and sup- age is not only possible but probable.’’ These Many years ago now, I and a great many ported at every turn by a wife who did not words marshaled the American people and friends were kept behind walls in a place simply do traditional, ritual things, but read their allies for a reinvigorated campaign to where human beings suffered for their dig- richly into Russian history and subjected support the forces of liberty in some of the nity without a feel to a just government. herself to a cram course that continued right most closed societies on earth. When we came home many of us were eager up to the moment Air Force One touched In one perfect sentence, that keen observer to visit with two people we knew who didn’t down in Moscow. She then plunged into an of the Reagan Presidency, Lady Margaret believe in walls, two people who did the right

VerDate Aug 31 2005 02:32 Jun 07, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\MISCRE~1\1997\S04NO7.REC S04NO7 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S11698 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE November 4, 1997 things to help free us from the walls which tions to come. And speaking of legacies, the prehensive sanctions on the Govern- confined us. Two people who we knew kept International Republican Institute is really ment of the Sudan. Specifically, the faith in us as we were challenged to keep the living legacy of Ronald Reagan’s peace United States has put into place new, faith in our country. You and, then, Gov- through strength approach to foreign policy. unilateral sanctions that will prevent ernor Ronald Reagan, graciously attended a I know I am being biased a little bit, I know homecoming reception for us one evening in you’ll agree that during his eight years in the Government of the Sudan from San Francisco. It was an event none of us the White House, my husband encouraged reaping financial and material gain will ever forget, nor our admiration and ap- untold numbers of people around the world from trade and investment initiatives preciation for you began many years before to move toward democracy. Ronnie was a be- by the United States. when we learned that taps on walls and whis- liever. He believed in the power of freedom. As Secretary of State Madeleine pered conversations was work being done to He had a dream that in the twenty-first cen- Albright said earlier today, this policy help us return to a land without walls. tury human beings would be respected every- change is designed to send a strong sig- This handsome box contains two symbols where, hoping that one day, people of all na- nal to the Sudanese Government that of the vision and faith for which we and the tions would have the privilege of basking in it has failed to address the concerns ex- President will always be celebrating. The the light of freedom and I’m convinced that first is a piece of the multi-colored brick along with your help and vision this dream pressed in no uncertain terms and on taken from the rubble of what was once a will come true, and I know you do to. several occasions by the Clinton Ad- prison wall built by the French a century Thank you for inviting me here, for ac- ministration. In particular, the Sudan ago and called by the Vietnamese ‘hoaloa’. knowledging my roommate. I know that he continues to engage in practices that The Americans who were later obliged to will enjoy being a part of these special peo- we Americans find unconscionable, in- dwell there, called it the ‘Hanoi Hilton’. ple. Thank you.∑ cluding: providing sanctuary for indi- These walls no longer stand, the prison was f viduals and groups known to have en- demolished a few years ago and a real hotel, presumably with better room service was THE INVESTITURE OF THE HONOR- gaged in terrorist activity; encour- erected in its place. ABLE DEBORAH ROSS ADAMS aging and supporting regional insur- gencies; continuing a violent civil war The second gift is a customized POW brace- ∑ let inscribed to you and President Reagan Mr. ABRAHAM. Mr. President, I rise that has cost the lives of thousands of for your faith, loyalty and perseverance from today to congratulate the Honorable civilians; and engaging in abominable all of us who came home, as well as those Deborah Ross Adams on her appoint- human rights abuses. who did not, remember with enormous grati- ment as a new judge of the 36th Dis- Mr. President, these are the four tude your loyalty to us and your steadfast trict Court. On Friday, November 14 main issues that continue to plague faith in the cause we serve. she will be invested and begin her offi- U.S.-Sudan relations. Let me take each There’s a story about President and Mrs. cial duties. of them in turn. Reagan that has always impressed me, be- Judge Adams is very deserving of cause it demonstrates their sincerity and First, terrorism. Terrorism is clearly concern for Americans who suffer for their this appointment. Throughout her ca- one of the most vexing threats to our countries sake. A long time ago, the Presi- reer, she has maintained the strongest national security today. Terrorist dent and Mrs. Reagan became concerned of commitments to the highest judicial groups, by seeking to destabilize or about the plight of those who were held cap- standards. From her private practice to overthrow governments, serve to erode tive in Vietnam. President Reagan decided her role as a magistrate, Judge Adams international stability. By its very na- to hold a press conference to express his sup- has been recognized by her peers for ture, terrorism goes against everything port for improvement in their treatment and her impartiality and broad knowledge we understand to be part of the ‘‘inter- their rapid homecoming. At that press con- of the law. ference were families and children of those national system,’’ challenging us with who were missing in action at that time. As Judge Adams has accumulated this methods we do not necessarily com- President Reagan began his remarks for the wealth of legal knowledge over several prehend. People—often, innocent by- bank of cameras and media people there, a years and numerous experiences. After standers—die as a result of such ter- little boy, about three years old, came for- attending one of the most outstanding rorism. Buildings are destroyed. And ward from the crowd and tugged at his institutions of legal education in the everyone’s sense of personal safety is sleeve. President Reagan bent over and the Nation, she was a law clerk, started shattered. little boy whispered in his ear and then her own private practice, and served According to the State Department’s President Reagan left with the little boy to the city of Detroit, among other roles. his office and then came back. It turns out most recent Patterns of Global Ter- that the young boy had to go to the bath- These many experiences have afforded rorism report, Sudan ‘‘continued to room. Judge Adams tremendous opportuni- serve as a refuge, nexus, and training Then as President Reagan began his re- ties to gain a better, more comprehen- hub in 1995 for a number of inter- marks again the young boy tugged his sleeve sive understanding of the law. In the national terrorist organizations,’’ again and Ronald Reagan bent over and he process, she has become a most quali- which likely include some of the most said, ‘‘Please, can you help bring my daddy fied individual. notorious groups in the world such as home?’’ President Reagan from that time on Additionally, Judge Adams is very Hamas, Abu Nidal and Hezbollah, wore a bracelet with Captain Hanson’s name involved with her community. Belong- on it. among others. In addition, the govern- Mrs. Reagan, your husband served and hon- ing to numerous civic and professional ment continues to harbor individuals ored us and are honoring us still. As you re- organizations, Judge Adams continues known to have committed terrorist member us, we will always remember you. to help the children and families of acts. For example, it is widely believed And stand witness to a greatness and a faith Michigan. Through these many mem- that Osama Bin Laden, who was once that could not abide walls. Mrs. Reagan. berships, Judge Adams has come to described by the State Department as know her community intimately; an ‘‘one of the most significant financial REMARKS BY MRS. NANCY REAGAN 1997 education that especially prepares her sponsors of Islamic extremist activities Thank you very much. Thank you for all for the role she now undertakes. in the world,’’ enjoyed refuge in the our presents and for a very kind introduc- Mr. President, it gives me great Sudan in the early 1990’s. tion. Thank you, Trent and thank you, Jim pleasure to welcome Judge Adams to Second, Sudan’s support of insur- for those wonderful remarks about my hus- band and me. I do know that I am not the the bench. Her reputation as being fair- gency movements in many of its neigh- speech maker in the family or the story- minded precedes her, and I am con- boring countries poses a significant teller. But I am very honored to be here to- fident the 36th District and the State threat to regional stability. In Eritrea, night to accept the 1997 IRI Freedom Award of Michigan will benefit from her ten- it supports the Eritrean Islamic Jihad, on my husband’s behalf. I wanted to be here ure.∑ and in Uganda, it supports both the tonight for him, especially since tonight is f Lord’s Resistance Army and the West really a special night for the both of us. Not Bank Nile Front. Sudanese government only is the IRI honoring my husband but it’s SUDAN SANCTIONS ON TARGET officals have been known to smuggle been done in partnership with the Ronald ∑ Mr. FEINGOLD. Mr. President, I rise Reagan Presidential Foundation that sup- weapons into Tunisia. ports the Reagan library and its programs. today to commend the Administration Third, Sudan continues to promote a The library is a very special place for both on a policy change announced today. brutal civil war against the largely Ronnie and me. It’s a place where the legacy Last night President Clinton signed Christian and animist people of South- of Ronald Reagan is preserved for genera- an executive order imposing com- ern Sudan. Sadly, during its 41 years of

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