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What Happened to the Honorifics in a Local Japanese Dialect in 55 Years: a Report from the Okazaki Survey on Honorifics
University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics Volume 18 Issue 2 Selected Papers from NWAV 40 Article 7 9-2012 What Happened to the Honorifics in a Local Japanese Dialect in 55 years: A Report from the Okazaki Survey on Honorifics Kenjiro Matsuda Kobe Shoin Women’s University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl Recommended Citation Matsuda, Kenjiro (2012) "What Happened to the Honorifics in a Local Japanese Dialect in 55 years: A Report from the Okazaki Survey on Honorifics," University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 18 : Iss. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol18/iss2/7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/pwpl/vol18/iss2/7 For more information, please contact [email protected]. What Happened to the Honorifics in a Local Japanese Dialect in 55 ears:y A Report from the Okazaki Survey on Honorifics Abstract This paper reports the analysis of the three trend samples from the Okazaki Honorifics Survey, a longitudinal survey by the National Language Research Institute on the use and the awareness of honorifics in Okazaki city, Aichi Prefecture in Japan. Its main results are: (1) the Okazakians are using more polite forms over the 55 years; (2) the effect of the three social variables (sex, age, and educational background), which used to be strong factors controlling the use of the honorifics in the speech community, are diminishing over the years; (3) in OSH I and II, the questions show clustering by the feature [±service interaction], while the same 11 questions in OSH III exhibit clustering by a different feature, [±spontaneous]; (4) the change in (3) and (4) can be accounted for nicely by the Democratization Hypothesis proposed by Inoue (1999) for the variation and change of honorifics in other Japanese dialects. -
Modern JAPANESE Grammar
Modern JAPANESE Grammar Modern Japanese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Japanese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. The Grammar is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, particles, topics, honorifics, etc. Part B is carefully organized around language functions, covering all major communication situations such as: • Initiating and ending a conversation • Seeking and giving factual information • Expressing gratitude, likes and dislikes • Making requests and asking for permission and advice. With a strong emphasis on contemporary usage, all grammar points and functions are richly illustrated throughout with examples written both in romanization and Japanese script (a mixture of hiragana, katakana, and kanji). Main features of the Grammar include: • Clear, succinct and jargon-free explanations • Extensive cross-referencing between the different sections • Emphasis on areas of particular difficulty for learners of Japanese. Both as a reference grammar and a practical usage manual, Modern Japanese Grammar: A Practical Guide is the ideal resource for learners of Japanese at all levels, from beginner to advanced. No prior knowledge of grammatical terminology or Japanese script is required and a glossary of grammatical terms is provided. This Grammar is accompanied by the Modern Japanese Grammar Workbook (ISBN 978-0- 415-27093-9), which features related exercises and activities. Naomi H. McGloin is Professor of Japanese Language and Linguistics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. Mutsuko Endo Hudson is Professor of Japanese Language and Linguistics at Michigan State University, USA. Fumiko Nazikian is Senior Lecturer and Director of the Japanese Language Program at Columbia University, USA. -
Situated Politeness: Manipulating Honorific and Non-Honorific Expressions in Japanese Conversations
Pragmatics 9:1.51-74 (1999) International Pragmatics Association SITUATED POLITENESS: MANIPULATING HONORIFIC AND NON-HONORIFIC EXPRESSIONS IN JAPANESE CONVERSATIONS Shigeko Okamoto 1. Introduction* While the theories of linguistic politeness advanced by Lakoff (1973), Leech (1983), and Brown and Levison (1987) have been influential and spurred great interest in ensuing research on this topic, limitations of their theories have also been pointed out by many scholars: These theories do not consider cultural and situational variability in the meanings of politeness; politeness rules and maxims are proposed without detailed descriptions of when and how to use them; certain speech acts or linguistic expressions are assumed to be inherently polite/impolite (or face-threatening); and politeness of individual utterances rather than connected discourse has been the focus of study (Hymes 1986; Blum-Kulka 1987; Fraser 1990; Gu 1990; Watts et al. 1992; Agha 1994, etc.). In this study, I maintain that expressions of politeness are relative to specific social contexts as well as to the speakers' ideas about politeness. An adequate account of linguistic politeness thus requires a close examination of the relationship among linguistic expressions in discourse, speakers' ideas about politeness, and social contexts. As a case in point, the present study examines Japanese conversations with regard to the use of honorifics--one of the most important means of expressing politeness in Japanese. Brown and Levinson (1987) treat honorifics as outputs of a negative politeness strategy -- Give deference -- for redressing face-threatening acts. However, it has been pointed out that every utterance in Japanese requires a choice between honorific and non-honorific expressions, which, therefore, cannot be regarded as a matter of politeness strategies applicable only to certain potentially face-threatening speech acts (Matsumoto 1988). -
Berkeley Linguistics Society
PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BERKELEY LINGUISTICS SOCIETY February 10-12, 2006 GENERAL SESSION and PARASESSION on THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO ARGUMENT STRUCTURE Edited by Zhenya Antić Michael J. Houser Charles B. Chang Clare S. Sandy Emily Cibelli Maziar Toosarvandani Jisup Hong Yao Yao Berkeley Linguistics Society Berkeley, CA, USA Berkeley Linguistics Society University of California, Berkeley Department of Linguistics 1203 Dwinelle Hall Berkeley, CA 94720-2650 USA All papers copyright © 2012 by the Berkeley Linguistics Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN 0363-2946 LCCN 76-640143 Printed by Sheridan Books 100 N. Staebler Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS A note regarding the contents of this volume ........................................................ vi Foreword ............................................................................................................... vii GENERAL SESSION Verb Second, Subject Clitics, and Impersonals in Surmiran (Rumantsch) .............3 STEPHEN R. ANDERSON Cross-linguistic Variation in a Processing Account: The Case of Multiple Wh-questions ..........................................................................................................23 INBAL ARNON, NEIL SNIDER, PHILIP HOFMEISTER, T. FLORIAN JAEGER, and IVAN A. SAG Several Problems for Predicate Decompositions ...................................................37 JOHN BEAVERS and ITAMAR FRANCEZ Wh-Conditionals in Vietnamese and Chinese: Against Unselective Binding .......49 BENJAMIN BRUENING -
Sri Lankan Sign Language Tutor K.S.S
2018 International Conference On Business Innovation (ICOBI), 25-26 August 2018, NSBM, Colombo, Sri Lanka Sri Lankan Sign Language Tutor K.S.S. Fernando Harshani Wickramarathne Computer Science & Technology Department Computer Science & Technology Department Uva Wellassa University Uva Wellassa University Badulla, Sri Lanka Badulla, Sri Lanka [email protected] [email protected] Abstract— Sign Language Recognition is a challenging attention to every child at every moment due to lack of research area of Human Computer Interaction. This system resources, parents of these disabled children may be too proposes a method which recognizes signs of Sri Lankan Sign busy, less interest of children to study, etc. As a solution this Language using Fourier Transformation, which is invariant to system will help to practice & check their knowledge translation, scaling, rotation and change of starting point. It without any help of their teachers or parents, as a computer is discusses about using a Centroid distance based shape an infinitely patient teacher. signature, which is capable of preserving both local and global information of the shape. II. METHODOLOGY This concept would be highly beneficial for primary school A. System Overview students who try to learn the basics of sign language. This system will help them to practice & check their knowledge This system can be divided into four major phases as without any help of their teachers or parents. shown in Fig. 1. In Image Acquisition phase, a collection of 8 static signs Digital Image Processing Techniques were used to obtain a as shown in Fig. 2 were captured by A4Tech 1.3MP USB closed contour image from the input image. -
An Chengri an Chengri, Male, Born in November, 1964.Professor. Director
An Chengri , male, born in November, 1964.Professor. Director of Institute of International Studies, Department of Political Science, School of philosophy and Public Administration,Heilongjiang University. Ph. D student of Japanese politics and Diplomacy History, NanKai University,2001.Doctor(International Relations History), Kokugakuin University,2002. Research Orientation: Japanese Foreign Relations, International Relation History in East Asia Publications: Research on contemporary Japan-South Korea Relations(China Social Science Press,October,2008);International Relations History of East Asia(Jilin Science Literature Press,March,2005) Association: Executive Director of China Institute of Japanese History , Director of China Society of Sino-Japanese Relations History Address: No.74 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, Department of Political Science, School of philosophy and Public Administration,Heilongjiang University. Postcode: 150080 An shanhua , Female, born in July,1964. Associate Professor, School of History, Dalian University. Doctor( World History),Jilin University,2007. Research Orientation: Modern and contemporary Japanese History, Japanese Foreign Relations, Political Science Publications: Comparative Studies on World Order View of China Korea and Japan and their Diplomatic in Modern Time ( Japanese Studies Forum , Northeast Normal University, 2006); Analysis of Japan's anti-system ideology towards the international system ( Journal of Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun University,2006) -
Silva Iaponicarum 日林 Fasc. Xxxii/Xxxiii 第三十二・三十三号
SILVA IAPONICARUM 日林 FASC. XXXII/XXXIII 第第第三第三三三十十十十二二二二・・・・三十三十三三三号三号号号 SUMMER/AUTUMN 夏夏夏・夏・・・秋秋秋秋 2012 SPECIAL EDITION MURZASICHLE 2010 edited by Aleksandra Szczechla Posnaniae, Cracoviae, Varsoviae, Kuki MMXII ISSN 1734-4328 2 Drodzy Czytelnicy. Niniejszy specjalny numer Silva Iaponicarum 日林 jest juŜ drugim z serii tomów powarsztatowych i prezentuje dorobek Międzynarodowych Studenckich Warsztatów Japonistycznych, które odbyły się w Murzasichlu w dniach 4-7 maja 2010 roku. Organizacją tego wydarzenia zajęli się, z pomocą kadry naukowej, studenci z Koła Naukowego Kappa, działającego przy Zakładzie Japonistyki i Sinologii Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Warsztaty z roku na rok (w momencie edycji niniejszego tomu odbyły się juŜ czterokrotnie) zyskują coraz szersze poparcie zarówno władz uczestniczących Uniwersytetów, Rady Kół Naukowych, lecz przede wszystkim Fundacji Japońskiej oraz Sakura Network. W imieniu organizatorów redakcja specjalnego wydania Silvy Iaponicarum pragnie jeszcze raz podziękować wszystkim Sponsorom, bez których udziału organizacja wydarzenia tak waŜnego w polskim kalendarzu japonistycznym nie miałaby szans powodzenia. Tom niniejszy zawiera teksty z dziedziny językoznawstwa – artykuły Kathariny Schruff, Bartosza Wojciechowskiego oraz Patrycji Duc; literaturoznawstwa – artykuły Diany Donath i Sabiny Imburskiej- Kuźniar; szeroko pojętych badań kulturowych – artykuły Krzysztofa Loski (film), Arkadiusza Jabłońskiego (komunikacja międzykulturowa), Marcina Rutkowskiego (prawodawstwo dotyczące pornografii w mediach) oraz Marty -
Anthropology N Ew Sletter
Special Theme: Where Sign Language Studies Can Take Us National Introductory Essay: Museum of Sign Languages are Languages! Ethnology Osaka Ritsuko Kikusawa Number 33 National Museum of Ethnology December 2011 On November 25, 2009, the Nagoya District Court in Japan sustained a claim by Newsletter Anthropology a Japanese Sign Language (JSL) user, acknowledging that sign languages are a means of communication that are equal to orally spoken languages. Kimie Oya, a Deaf signer, suffered from physical problems on her upper limbs as the result of injuries sustained in a traffic accident. This restricted her ability to express MINPAKU things in JSL. However, the insurance company did not admit that this should be compensated as a (partial) loss of linguistic ability, because ‘whether to use a sign language or not is up to one’s choice’. Although some thought that the degree of impairment admitted by the court (14% loss) was too low, the sentence was still welcome and was considered a big step forward toward the better recognition of JSL, the language of the biggest minority group in Japan. Contents A correct understanding of the nature of sign languages, and recognition that they are real Where Sign Language languages is spreading slowly but Studies Can Take Us steadily through society. Signing Ritsuko Kikusawa communities, meanwhile, have Introductory Essay: continued to broaden their worldview, Sign Languages are Languages! ....... 1 reflecting globalization, and cooperation with linguists to acquire Soya Mori objective analyses and descriptions of Sign Language Studies in Japan and their languages (see Mori article, this Abroad ............................................ 2 issue). I believe that the situation is more or less similar in many countries Connie de Vos and societies — the communities of A Signers’ Village in Bali, Indonesia linguists being no exception. -
Watchtower Publications List
WATCHTOWER PUBLICATIONS LIST March 2012 This booklet contains a list of items currently available in the United States. © 2012 WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA All Rights Reserved Watchtower Publications List English (S-15-E Us) Made in the United States INTRODUCTION This Watchtower Publications List (S-15) is a listing of publications and languages available to con- gregations in your branch territory. After each monthly announcement to all congregations of new publi- cations available is received, please feel free to add the new publications to your list. This will help you to know quickly and easily what is currently available. Each item listed is preceded by a four-digit item number. To expedite and improve the handling of each congregation’s monthly literature request, please use the four-digit item number when requesting literature using the jw.org Web site or listing items on page 4 of the Literature Request Form (S-14). Special-request items, which are marked by an asterisk (*), should only be submitted when specifically requested by a publisher. Special-request items should not be stocked in anticipation of requests. Languages are listed alphabetically in the Watchtower Publications List , with the language that the S-15 is being generated in at the beginning. Items in the Watchtower Publications List are divided into appropriate categories for each language. Within each category, items are alphabetized by the first word in the title of the publication. The categories are: Annual Items Brochures and Booklets -
Scales of Effort in Sign Language Articulation and Perception
Scales of effort in sign language articulation and perception Nathan Sanders Haverford College work done partially in collaboration with Donna Jo Napoli from Swarthmore College April 7th, 2017 invited talk at University of Delaware Roadmap of the talk 1 Background 2 Articulatory effort scales 3 Perceptual effort scales 4 Combined effort scales 5 Summary Background I phonetics < Greek φωνή (phon¯ e)¯ ‘sound’ I language < Latin lingua ‘tongue’ I but despite etymology, language refers to any language, regardless of its modality (i.e. both sign and speech) I similarly, despite etymology, phonetics refers to the physical properties of any language, regardless of its modality Background Sign language phonetics Articulatory effort scales Sign language articulators Perceptual effort scales Manual joints Combined effort scales Manual movement Summary Axes of movement Sign language phonetics “Sign language phonetics”? Nathan Sanders Scales of effort in sign language articulation & perception I language < Latin lingua ‘tongue’ I but despite etymology, language refers to any language, regardless of its modality (i.e. both sign and speech) I similarly, despite etymology, phonetics refers to the physical properties of any language, regardless of its modality Background Sign language phonetics Articulatory effort scales Sign language articulators Perceptual effort scales Manual joints Combined effort scales Manual movement Summary Axes of movement Sign language phonetics “Sign language phonetics”? I phonetics < Greek φωνή (phon¯ e)¯ ‘sound’ Nathan Sanders -
A Cross-Linguistic Preference for Torso Stability in the Lexicon: Evidence from 24 Sign Languages
Swarthmore College Works Linguistics Faculty Works Linguistics 2016 A Cross-Linguistic Preference For Torso Stability In The Lexicon: Evidence From 24 Sign Languages N. Sanders Donna Jo Napoli Swarthmore College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-linguistics Part of the Linguistics Commons Let us know how access to these works benefits ouy Recommended Citation N. Sanders and Donna Jo Napoli. (2016). "A Cross-Linguistic Preference For Torso Stability In The Lexicon: Evidence From 24 Sign Languages". Sign Language And Linguistics. Volume 19, Issue 2. 197-231. DOI: 10.1075/sll.19.2.02san https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-linguistics/218 This work is brought to you for free by Swarthmore College Libraries' Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Linguistics Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 A cross-linguistic preference for torso stability in the lexicon: Evidence from 24 sign languages Nathan Sandersa and Donna Jo Napolib aDepartment of Linguistics, Haverford College / bDepartment of Linguistics, Swarthmore College When the arms move in certain ways, they can cause the torso to twist or rock. Such extraneous torso movement is undesirable, especially during sign language communication, when torso position may carry linguistic significance, so we expend effort to resist it when it is not intended. This so-called “reactive effort” has only recently been identified by Sanders and Napoli (2016), but their preliminary work on three genetically unrelated languages suggests that the effects of reactive effort can be observed cross-linguistically by examination of sign language lexicons. -
REACTIVE EFFORT AS a FACTOR THAT SHAPES SIGN LANGUAGE LEXICONS Nathan Sanders Donna Jo Napoli
REACTIVE EFFORT AS A FACTOR THAT SHAPES SIGN LANGUAGE LEXICONS Nathan Sanders Donna Jo Napoli Swarthmore College Swarthmore College Many properties of languages, including sign languages, are not uniformly distributed among items in the lexicon . Some of this nonuniformity can be accounted for by appeal to articulatory ease, with easier articulations being overrepresented in the lexicon in comparison to more difficult articulations. The literature on ease of articulation deals only with the active effort internal to the articulation itself. We note the existence of a previously unstudied aspect of articulatory ease, which we call reactive effort : the effort of resisting incidental movement that has been induced by an articulation elsewhere in the body. For example, reactive effort is needed to resist incidental twisting and rocking of the torso induced by path movement of the manual articulators in sign lan - guages. We argue that, as part of a general linguistic drive to reduce articulatory effort, reactive ef - fort should have a significant effect on the relative frequency in the lexicon of certain types of path movements. We support this argument with evidence from Italian Sign Language, Sri Lankan Sign Language, and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language, evidence that cannot be explained solely by appeal to constraints on bimanual coordination . As the first exploration of the linguistic role of re - active effort, this work contributes not only to the developing field of sign language phonetics, but also to our understanding of phonetics in general , adding to a growing body of functionalist liter - ature showing that some linguistic patterns emerge from more fundamental factors of the physical world.