Lamb Masterpieces Volume 1
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AP-42, CH 9.10.2.2: Peanut Processing
9.10.2.2 Peanut Processing 9.10.2.2.1 General Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), also known as groundnuts or goobers, are an annual leguminous herb native to South America. The peanut peduncle, or peg (the stalk that holds the flower), elongates after flower fertilization and bends down into the ground, where the peanut seed matures. Peanuts have a growing period of approximately 5 months. Seeding typically occurs mid-April to mid-May, and harvesting during August in the United States. Light, sandy loam soils are preferred for peanut production. Moderate rainfall of between 51 and 102 centimeters (cm) (20 and 40 inches [in.]) annually is also necessary. The leading peanut producing states are Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Florida, and Oklahoma. 9.10.2.2.2 Process Description The initial step in processing is harvesting, which typically begins with the mowing of mature peanut plants. Then the peanut plants are inverted by specialized machines, peanut inverters, that dig, shake, and place the peanut plants, with the peanut pods on top, into windrows for field curing. After open-air drying, mature peanuts are picked up from the windrow with combines that separate the peanut pods from the plant using various thrashing operations. The peanut plants are deposited back onto the fields and the pods are accumulated in hoppers. Some combines dig and separate the vines and stems from the peanut pods in 1 step, and peanuts harvested by this method are cured in storage. Some small producers still use traditional harvesting methods, plowing the plants from the ground and manually stacking them for field curing. -
Good Manufacturing Practices and Industry Best Practices for Peanut
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND INDUSTRY BEST PRACTICES FOR PEANUT PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS Revised October 2009 The American Peanut Council 1500 King Street, Suite 301 Alexandria, Virginia _____________________________________________________________ Any reproduction of the information contained in this document requires the express written consent of the American Peanut Council, 1500 King Street, Suite 301, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. Contents DEFINITION OF TERMS .............................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 5 GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES ................................................................................................... 7 Personnel Practices ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Establishing a Training Program .............................................................................................................. 8 Educate workers on the importance of proper hand washing techniques ................................................. 8 Building and Facilities ................................................................................................................................. 9 Plants and Grounds .................................................................................................................................. -
ABSTRACT SHI, XIAOLEI. Effects of Different
ABSTRACT SHI, XIAOLEI. Effects of Different Roasting Conditions on Peanut Quality. (Under the direction of Dr. Lisa L. Dean and Dr. K.P. Sandeep). In the U.S., a major portion of the peanut crop is converted from whole seed into value-added products. For such purposes, the peanut seeds are processed using a thermal operation as the first step in the manufacture of the final products, to achieve specific flavors, colors, and textures. Peanuts are typically processed by dry roasting or oil roasting (deep frying and blister frying). Comparisons among different dry roasting conditions and different roasting methods were made in this work regarding their effects on the quality-related properties of roasted peanuts. On an industrial scale, peanuts are typically roasted to a specific color for quality control. Recent lab scale experiments demonstrated that peanuts roasted to equivalent surface colors at different time/temperature combinations could vary substantially in chemical and physical properties related to product quality. This study expanded that approach to a pilot plant scale roaster. Jumbo-size runner-type peanuts were systematically roasted at 5 temperatures (149-204 °C) to three Hunter L-values of 53.0, 48.5, and 43.0 using the same peanut bed depth and air flow. The flavor of medium dry roasted peanuts was superior to light and dark roasts, with higher roasted peanutty and sweet aromatic flavor notes. Total tocopherols of oil extracted from the roasted peanuts was greatest in peanuts roasted to darker colors, with the medium and dark oil showing no significant differences from the raw oil. -
The Roasted and the Boiled: Food Composition and Heat Treatment with Special Emphasis on Pit-Hearth Cooking
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology, Department of 1-1997 The Roasted and the Boiled: Food Composition and Heat Treatment with Special Emphasis on Pit-Hearth Cooking LuAnn Wandsnider University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthropologyfacpub Part of the Anthropology Commons Wandsnider, LuAnn, "The Roasted and the Boiled: Food Composition and Heat Treatment with Special Emphasis on Pit-Hearth Cooking" (1997). Anthropology Faculty Publications. 28. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/anthropologyfacpub/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Published in Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 16 (1997) , pp. 1–48. Copyright © 1997 Academic Press. Used by permission. http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jaa Submitted March 1, 1996; revised October 17, 1996; accepted October 20, 1996. The Roasted and the Boiled: Food Composition and Heat Treatment with Special Emphasis on Pit-Hearth Cooking LuAnn Wandsnider Department of Anthropology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0368 Abstract Heat treatment is one of the major ways humans change the composition and chemistry of food tis- sues, making them more digestible, less toxic, and more durable. This paper reviews salient features of food chemistry and food composition and how heat treatment, especially pit-hearth cooking, af- fects that composition. Ethnographic accounts of cooking indicate that traditional populations relied on pit-hearth cooking especially to alter the composition of foods high in either lipids or complex carbohydrates. -
Restaurant Menu
Authentic Indian Cuisine STARTERS - MIXED STARTERS - SEAFOOD Mixed Kebab ......................................... £4.95 Prawn Cocktail ..................................... £3.95 Vegetable Platter (for two) ........................ £7.95 Prawn Puree .......................................... £4.95 Tikka Platter (for two) ............................... £8.95 Deep fried unleavened bread with prawn stuffing Sword Fish Tikka ................................... £5.95 STARTERS - VEGETABLE Stuffed Prawn Pepper ........................... £5.95 Onion Bhaji Deep fried spiced onion cutlets ......... £3.50 King Prawn Puree .................................. £5.95 Vegetable Samosa Deep fried pasties ........... £3.50 Deep fried unleavened bread with king prawn stuffing Aloo Chat Pieces of potato cooked in sour sauce ..... £3.50 King Prawn Garlic ................................. £5.95 Chilli Mushrooms .................................. £3.50 King prawn in garlic and butter Garlic Mushrooms ................................ £3.50 King Prawn Butterfly ............................. £5.95 Paneer Tikka ......................................... £3.75 King Prawns Shashlick BAZZAR special........ £5.95 Indian cheese marinated with spices and herbs Chana Paneer ........................................ £4.50 TANDOORI SPECIALITIES Channa puree ........................................ £4.50 These dishes are marinated with spices and then grilled in a special tandoor and served with salad Paneer Shashlick .................................. £4.50 Indian cheese -
Kinetic Studies and Moisture Diffusivity During Cocoa Bean Roasting
processes Article Kinetic Studies and Moisture Diffusivity During Cocoa Bean Roasting Leydy Ariana Domínguez-Pérez 1, Ignacio Concepción-Brindis 1, Laura Mercedes Lagunes-Gálvez 1 , Juan Barajas-Fernández 2, Facundo Joaquín Márquez-Rocha 3 and Pedro García-Alamilla 1,* 1 División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias (DACA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Villahermosa-Teapa Km 25 Ra. La Huasteca. Centro, Tabasco. C.P. 86280, Mexico; [email protected] (L.A.D.-P.); [email protected] (I.C.-B.); [email protected] (L.M.L.-G.) 2 División Académica de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (DAIA), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Carret. Cunduacán-Jalpa de Méndez Km 1. Col. La Esmeralda. Cunduacán, Tabasco. C.P. 86690, Mexico; [email protected] 3 Centro Regional para la Producción más Limpia, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Tabasco Business Center, Edificio FINTAB, Carretera Reforma-Dos Bocas, Km. 17+920, Ranch. Pechucalco, 2da. sección, Cunduacán, Tabasco, C.P. 86691, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 September 2019; Accepted: 18 October 2019; Published: 21 October 2019 Abstract: Cocoa bean roasting allows for reactions to occur between the characteristic aroma and taste precursors that are involved in the sensory perception of chocolate and cocoa by-products. This work evaluates the moisture kinetics of cocoa beans during the roasting process by applying empirical and semi-empirical exponential models. Four roasting temperatures (100, 140, 180, and 220 ◦C) were used in a cylindrically designed toaster. Three reaction kinetics were tested (pseudo zero order, pseudo first order, and second order), along with 10 exponential models (Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Two-Term, Midilli, Verma, Diffusion Approximation, Silva, and Peleg). -
Cooking Temperatures (Oven)
Cooking Temperatures (Oven) 1. Bottom Round Roast- Bake at 325 degrees for an hour and a half or until internal temperature is 135 degrees 2. Eye Round Roast- Cook at 350 degrees F for 20 for 25 minutes per pound. 30 minutes per pound at 350 degrees F until Internal Temperatures reaches 175 degrees F 3. Top Round Roast- Bake for 15 minutes at 450 degrees. Then reduce the oven to 325 degrees and bake for an hour or until an instant read thermometer reads 135 to 140 degrees. Remove from the oven and tent with tin foil for 15 minutes. 4. Chuck Roast- Sear first! Cover and roast at 250 degrees on the center rack for 2 hours. Remove from oven and take roast from pan - best in crockpot 5. Top Sirloin Roast- Place in the oven at 375 degrees, and roast until you reach an internal temperature of 130 F for medium rare. For each additional 'step' of doneness, add ten degrees. So medium would be 140, medium-well, 150, and well-done 160. 6. Brisket- Preheat the oven or smoker to 225 degrees F. Trim the fat evenly across the top to 1/4-inch thick. Season the brisket liberally with the seasoning rub. Cook in the oven or smoker until the internal temperature on an instant- read meat thermometer reaches 175 degrees F, about 6 to 8 hours. 7. Standing Rib Roast- Bake at 350 degrees for 16 to 18 minutes a pound, to an internal temperature of 120 degrees. For a 7-pound roast, that's going to be about two hours 8. -
Kohinoor Takeout Menu 190920.Indd
41 PANEER TIKKA MASALA CHICKEN ENTRÉES 79 FISH VINDALOO 95 KOHINOOR LAMB ALOO GOSHT Cheese with bell pepper and onion in Lamb cubes and potato with herbs DINNER MENU $10.99 Fish and vegetables in a spicy curry creamy tomato curry 80 in a special sauce 58 CHICKEN TIKKA MASALA FISH MUSHROOM CHILI All entrées are served with rice or naan unless otherwise noted. 42 MUTTER MUSHROOM PANEER 96 KOHINOOR BHUNA GOSHT Tandoori-roasted chicken breast with a Fish sautéed with onion, green pepper, Peas, paneer cheese, mushrooms, Lamb cubes in gravy with onion, tomato, APPETIZERS (VEG) VEGETARIAN ENTRÉES creamy tomato sauce mushroom, and chili in a spicy curry tomato, and onion in sauce 81 chili, garlic, and ginger 1 MASALA PAPAD $2.99 $9.99 59 BUTTER CHICKEN GINGER MASALA SHRIMP SAAG 43 PANEER JALFRIZE Crispy lentil wafers topped Chicken in a thick tomato curry Tender shrimp in fresh blended spinach RICE ENTRÉES Vegan preparation available upon request. Paneer, onion, and tomato in with onion, tomato, and chili, with butter and cream with garlic, herbs, and a house blend of medium-hot curry Served with raita and curry sauce. and sprinkled with chat masala 20 mild spices NAVRATAN CURRY 60 CHICKEN MAKHANI (MILD) 97 44 KADAI PANEER 82 VEGETABLE BIRYANI $9.99 2 SAMOSAS (2 PCS) $3.99 Seasonal vegetables in sauce Dark chicken in a creamy tomato curry SHRIMP TIKKA MASALA Paneer in onion and tomato curry Shrimp cooked in special house blend Basmati rice with vegetables Two crispy pastries stuff ed 21 VEGETABLE CURRY 61 CHICKEN CURRY and mild spices with savory -
Carbohydrate Counting for Traditional South Asian Foods
Carbohydrate Counting for Traditional South Asian Foods Ashwini Wagle, M.S., R.D, Doctoral Student Associate Professor and DPD Director Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging San Jose State University Preface The Carbohydrate Counting tool was developed to meet the needs of the South Asian population and is an original intellectual product of the author, Ashwini Wagle, MS, RD, Associate Professor and DPD Director, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging at San Jose State University. The 4th edition and revised version was developed by the main author with assistance of Tanay Prabhu, BS Student in Biological Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia. The previous versions of the tool were developed with the assistance of graduate students Sajida Arsiwala, MS, RD and Bhavna Subhedar, MS and Dr. Kathryn Sucher, Sc.D, RD, Professor Emeritus, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging at San Jose State University. About the Author Ashwini Wagle, MS, RD is an Associate Professor and Director for the Didactic Program in Dietetics (DPD) in the Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging at San Jose State University. Ashwini Wagle earned her MS in Food and Nutrition from Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) in 93'and is currently a doctoral student in Educational Leadership (Ed.D) at University of New England. She comes to San Jose State University with over ten year experience as a registered dietitian (RD) in several skilled nursing facilities and acute care hospitals in the San Francisco Bay Area. Ashwini Wagle is also involved with several on-campus and off-campus organizations and serves on the committees for organizations such as the South Asian Heart Center at El Camino Hospital, Center for Healthy Aging in Multicultural Populations (CHAMP), Education Committee of the California Dietetic Association (CDA), San Jose Peninsula District of California Dietetic Association (SJPD), Cal-Pro Net Center. -
Storage Conditions, Fatty Acid Composition, and Roasting Methods)
i FLAVOR FORMATION AND SENSORY PERCEPTION OF SELECTED PEANUT GENOTYPES (ARACHIS HYPOGEA L.) AS AFFECTED BY STORAGE WATER ACTIVITY, ROASTING, AND PLANTING DATE By GEORGE L. BAKER IV A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2002 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank all of my family, friends, and faculty at the University of Florida for the care and guidance that they have given me through the past few years. Thanks go to my committee members (Dr. Robert Bates, Dr. Daniel Gorbet, and Dr. Steven Talcott) for their outstanding ideas, personal and financial cooperation, as well as those who helped at the Marianna Research Station with the growing, grading and shelling of the peanuts used in these studies. Many thanks go to John Cornell for the suggestions, explanations, and analysis of statistical methods throughout my studies. My appreciation goes to Timothy Sanders et al. and members of the North Carolina State Food Science Department for roasting the peanuts discussed in the first chapter of this dissertation. I would like to especially thank Dr. Sean F. O’Keefe and Dr. Charles A. Sims, for their mentorship, financial assistance, and friendship. Last, but definitely not least, I would like to thank my wonderful wife, Florian, for the love, patience, and direction that only she could give. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………...……………………….………….ii LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………..…vi -
The Curry Guy Bible
CONTENTS Title Page Preface How to Use This Cookbook Starters Street Food Authentic Curries Curry-House Preparation Recipes British Curry-House Recipes Balti, Karahi and Handi Dishes Grilling, Barbecue and Roasting Bread, Rice and Sides Pickles, Chutneys and Sauces List of Ingredients Suppliers and Classes Index Acknowledgements Copyright Page About the Author PREFACE I didn’t eat my way around curry houses in the UK and street-food places in the Indian subcontinent to find shortcuts to making Indian food. I wanted the whole shebang, and since starting my blog in 2010, I’ve acquired a massive catalogue of authentic and British-style recipes. Many made it into my first three cookbooks, whereas others had to be held back until the time was right. That time is now! I have also come across some good shortcuts, which are explained here as well. I’m happy to now give you The Curry Guy Bible: a collection of more than 160 of the most popular recipes from my first 3 books and 50 new mouthwatering recipes that will get you the results you’re looking for – and perhaps a few tasty surprises. I’ll warn you that some of my new recipes could be considered to be way out there and even unhealthy by some! Being a big believer that everything is fine in moderation, I couldn’t bring myself to give you watered-down versions of spectacular recipes. I have given you the most authentic versions, but you can easily adjust the recipes to your personal preferences – just read the following few pages for how to do this. -
The Archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong: the Agriculture of Late Prehistoric Southern Thailand (Volume 1)
The Archaeobotany of Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong: The Agriculture of Late Prehistoric Southern Thailand (Volume 1) Cristina Castillo Institute of Archaeology University College London Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of University College London 2013 Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation consists of original work undertaken by the undersigned. Where other sources of information have been used, they have been acknowledged. Cristina Castillo October 2013 Institute of Archaeology, UCL 2 Abstract The Thai-Malay Peninsula lies at the heart of Southeast Asia. Geographically, the narrowest point is forty kilometres and forms a barrier against straightforward navigation from the Indian Ocean to the South China Sea and vice versa. This would have either led vessels to cabotage the southernmost part of the peninsula or portage across the peninsula to avoid circumnavigating. The peninsula made easy crossing points strategic locations commercially and politically. Early movements of people along exchange routes would have required areas for rest, ports, repair of boats and replenishment of goods. These feeder stations may have grown to become entrepôts and urban centres. This study investigates the archaeobotany of two sites in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Khao Sam Kaeo and Phu Khao Thong. Khao Sam Kaeo is located on the east whereas Phu Khao Thong lies on the west of the peninsula and both date to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. 400-100 BC). Khao Sam Kaeo has been identified as the earliest urban site from the Late Prehistoric period in Southeast Asia engaged in trans-Asiatic exchange networks.