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Adventures in Advocacy: Real World Strategies for Education in Asia

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Adventures in Advocacy: Real World Strategies for Education in Asia ADVENTURES IN ADVOCACY: REAL WORLD STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION IN ASIA ADVENTURES IN ADVOCACY: REAL WORLD STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION IN ASIA ABOUT ASPBAE ISBN No. 81-278-0045-7 The Asia South Pacific Association for ADVENTURES in ADVOCACY: Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE) is REAL WORLD STRATEGIES FOR EDUCATION in Asia a regional association of more than 200 organizations and individuals working © 2011 by the Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and AdultE ducation (ASPBAE) towards promoting quality education for all and transformative and liberating, life-long Editorial Team: adult education and learning. It strives to Maria Lourdes Almazan Khan forge and sustain an Asia-Pacific movement Secretary General, ASPBAE dedicated to mobilising and supporting community and people’s organisations, Raquel De Guzman Castillo national education coalitions, teachers’ Asia Policy Advocacy and Campaigns Coordinator, ASPBAE associations, campaign networks and other civil society groups and institutions in Bernard Lovegrove holding governments and the international Regional Coordinator, Civil Society Education Fund, ASPBAE donor community accountable in meeting education targets and commitments, Claudine D. Claridad ensuring the right of all to education, and Asia Policy Advocacy and Campaigns Support Officer, ASPBAE upholding education as an empowering tool for combating poverty and all forms Documentation Team: of exclusion and discrimination, pursuing Claudine D. Claridad – Overall Coordinator sustainable development, enabling Michael M. Garcia – Videographer active and meaningful participation in Ronalisa A. Co – Script Writer and Editor governance, and building a culture of peace Barbara Fortunato – Consultant and Case Study Writer and international understanding. Joanna Lindner – Pacific Footages and Documentation Santisouk Phongsavan – Pacific Documentation ASPBAE publications form an integral May-I Fabros – Script Writer part of the information, education, and advocacy activities and efforts of ASPBAE, Publication Team: and seek to support sharing and learning Barbara Fortunato, Writer and Researcher among education stakeholders, advocates, Sylvia De Guzman, Editor and Writer practitioners, analysts and policymakers. Emylou V. Infante, Proofreader The reader is therefore encouraged to R. Jordan P. Santos, Graphic and Layout Artist write to ASPBAE if they wish to use the material contained herein for reproduction, adaptation and translation, and to provide Photos Contributed by: Raquel Castillo, Michael Garcia, Ronalisa Co, Claudine feedback that could help in further Claridad, National Coalition for Education (India), NGO Education Partnership improving these publications. (Cambodia), Coalition for Educational Development (Sri Lanka), Civil Society Network for Education Reforms (Philippines), Campaign for Popular Education Bangladesh, REAL WORLD STRATEGIES Barbara Fortunato Spurred by the challenge of pushing accelerated progress towards Education The views expressed in this book do not necessarily reflect those of all ASPBAE members for All (EFA), ASPBAE and the Global and of GCE and the Dutch Government. Campaign for Education (GCE) launched the Real World Strategies (RWS) programme to undertake realistic and practical initiatives based on the actual conditions, experiences and aspirations of people in communities. Ten national coalitions in the Asia Pacific Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE) region carried out policy advocacies 9th Floor, Eucharistic Congress Building No. 3, and campaigns in their countries and 5, Convent Street, Colaba, challenged governments to fast track their Mumbai - 400 039, India commitments to EFA. With support from Tel: +91 - 22 - 2202 1391, 2281 6853 GCE through a grant from the Dutch Fax: +91 - 22 - 2283 2217 Government, RWS has been able to Email: [email protected] mobilise and amplify the civil society voice Website: www.aspbae.org in making governments accountable to providing public quality education for all. TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword iv List of Acronyms v Chapter 1: Education Advocacy in Asia: Impact of RWS 1 Chapter 2: Campaigning for the Right to Education Law (India Case Study) 37 Chapter 3: Campaigning for Mothers’ Education (Sri Lanka Case Study) 69 Chapter 4: Campaigning Against Informal School Fees (Cambodia Case Study) 93 Chapter 5: Mobilising Out-of-School Youth to Advocate for Education Financing (Philippines Case Study) 121 Chapter 6: Education Advocacy in Asia: Remaining Challenges and Lessons Learned 157 Appendix 1. List of Respondents (India) 166 Appendix 2. List of Respondents (Sri Lanka) 167 Appendix 3. List of Respondents (Cambodia) 168 Appendix 4. List of Respondents (Philippines) 169 SRI LANKA FOREWORD In this book, we present case studies of some of the education advocacy campaigns in Asia supported by the Real World Strategies (RWS) programme of the Global Campaign for Education (GCE), implemented by the Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE) in the Asia-Pacific region. We aim to offer a narrative on the impact of RWS upon these campaigns and the national education coalitions which have spearheaded these campaigns. An analysis and discussion is also offered of the substantive campaign gains and outcomes – real change – attained. We explore the similarities and unique features of the various campaigns, the many lessons that have been learned in the course of conducting these campaigns, as well as remaining challenges that lie ahead in the continuing struggle to achieve quality education for all. We also describe the methods and approaches employed in this unique and powerful capac- ity-building initiative for education advocacy, led by the Global Campaign for Education. It is very heartening that despite being beset, in recent years, by numerous challenges and dif- ficulties such as the slowing down and reversals in government efforts towards achievingE duca- tion for All by 2015; constricting support for education by donors and international financial institutions in the aftermath of the global financial crisis; limited engagement spaces, labyrin- thine bureaucracies and unresponsive officials; scarce funds and lack of resources, overstretched capacities and insufficient staff; and despite being set back by natural and man-made calami- ties such as a devastating flood and political conflicts, the national education coalitions in Asia and the education advocacy campaigns they have waged, nonetheless, continued to surge ahead – moving from strength to strength, and reaping gains in advancing education reforms. Those denied their right to education were on the frontline of these campaigns – schoolchildren in India knocking on the doors of parliamentarians to campaign for legislation guaranteeing education rights, mothers with little or no education in Sri Lanka challenging government edu- cation officials in a national convention in the capital and in their own communities, and out- of-school youth volunteers lobbying with Congress representatives and education officials. They provided valuable observations and insights, shared their wisdom and experiences, and spoke of their lives – real stories, which that had a profound effect upon the legislators, government officials and policymakers they related to – fostering deeper understanding and appreciation of their conditions and positions. We admire the boldness of the education coalitions to try out new approaches and further innovate on these. We are awed at how they have become stronger – the credibility and re- spect they have built, the wider public awareness on education issues they have generated, the robust evidence base they have amassed through policy tracking and research, the spaces for civil society participation they have secured in education policy, and the policy reforms they have won. We are honoured to have been part of this journey. We offer this account as a testimony to the value of solidarity and partnership. That it may inspire. And so that what we had all built may endure. MARia LOURDES ALmaZan KHan Secretary General Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education (ASPBAE) iv LIST SRI LANKA OF ACRONYMS ABI Alternative Budget Initiative ADB Asian Development Bank AER Action for Economic Reforms AIACHE All-India Association for Christian Higher Education AIFTO All-India Federation of Teachers Organisations AIPTF All-India Primary Teachers Federation AISTF All-India Secondary Teachers Federation ALS Alternative Learning System ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations A&E Accreditation and Equivalency ASPBAE Asia South Pacific Association for Basic and Adult Education BALS Bureau of Alternative Learning System BBA Bachpan Bachao Andolan (Save the Children Movement) BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BESRA Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda CAMPE Campaign for Popular Education CBO Community-based organisation CCC Cooperative Committee of Cambodia CDCF Cambodia Development Cooperation Forum CED Coalition for Educational Development CEF Commonwealth Education Fund CONFINTEA V I Sixth International Conference on Adult Education CSEF Civil Society Education Fund CSO Civil society organization DEO Divisional Education Office DepEd Department of Education DISE District Information System for Education DVV Deutschen Volksaochschul Verbandes (International Institute of the German Adult Education Association) ECCD Early Child Care and Development EdWatch Education Watch EFA Education for All EI Education International ELF Education
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