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R-Manning-Kol-Isha.Pdf בסד [email protected] אברהם םנגני - 5778 " HALACHIC AND HASHKAFIC ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 86 - KOL ISHA OU ISRAEL CENTER - SPRING 2018 A]STRUcruRE The different areas of halacha which are comprised In kol isha: 1. The woman's Issues:- (1) PrilzutjTzniut - issues of personal dignity and singlng in public . fei Iver - not to directly cause men to commit aveiraח il) Ll) (Iii) Ahavat Re'im - sensitivityto men's feelings • . ng to a woman's voice ן he man's issues:- (1) Saying divrei Torah and davenlng etc. whilst listenז •2 (ii) Llsteni ~ g to a woman's slnging to derive sensual pleasure . (iiJ) Ahavat Re'im - sensltivity to women's feellngs • N SOTAH: SINGING AND KALUI ROSHז B] JHE SUGYA .1 םתני.' משבטלה סנדהריו - נטל שהיר מנתי המשואתת, שאנמר: בשיר לא שיתן ייו יגר' " .... אמר רב ירס:ף זמרי גברי יעני נשי - פרציותא, זמרי נשי ועני גברי - שאכ בנער.תר למיא נפקא מהני? לנטולי הא מקמל הא סרטהםח. er the Churhan. The Gemara then discussesוJewish worZd qf !וom t hןThe Mishna in Sotah dea/s with the /oss oj 'song ' r women are Zistening and responding, that is Zabe//ed !וdif.!erent types ojresponsive song. ljthe men /ead the song and t h 'pritzut' (the opposite ojtzniut). But ijthe women are leading the song and the men responding, that is compared to a destructive fire. A/though the first case is not good, the second is jar worse / .2 כאש בנעירת - ~פי פכגוונכ נכטס מrנו בפנכיגו ממ כנכrנכר בגונומ מחריו וננכSמו כמנפיס נומניס בנס נקונ סנפיס וקוב נמפב גורוב בדכמינ ן;:נ«יננני ו;ןו ~, 7J ונכ,גויר ממ יSרי כמם נכגכור.מ מנב rנכרי גנרי יבכנייו כםי קSמ פריSימ ים, דקוב נמפס גוריס מכנ מיכו נכ,פיר יSר, כ~ בן םמיז בנכrנכריס נכיטס מrנס ~קיב בפוכיס '''שר טוסה חם. Rashi exp/ains that when the men listen intently to the women it provokes the yetzer hara directly. When the women .a lower level pritzut - ק5מ פר'Sרמ Zisten and respond to the men there is less yetzer hara. Rashi describes that as • The context of this Chazal is clear1y a concem with singing which creates an inappropriate atmosphere. Either it distracts generally . up of men and women, it can descend into sexual fllrting and kalut rosh סfrom focus on the Churban, or, in a mixed gr חC] DEFINING 'PRmUJ' - SINGING AND PERSONAL DIGNv .3 נכ?ןד נ:וו;ן?ה ?י ~ל ~ן~י ר?סה ~שנ;qף ח~ץ רס~ I1}ה וr? '}?שר ן~~tיי זtת :ףיt~ ~י ה' ~יריiן ן;כqtו.לזז ilןקב (,וQ~י I~י Iי ן/תס אך W ?-9~יף ן?סה ו,(ז-כיי קדיש ו w ?ךזtה ;וי ~ר1ת ז;ור וץJב ו,(~יי דירבם כ"ג Iיך-טן' The Torah includes a mitzvah to keep the 'battlefield bathroom ' clean and dignijied This ;nvo/ves a constant awareness our lives and surroundings - ן?סה מQ~יי דjןוש - that God's existence and presence is real at aZl times and that, as such must rema;n 'kadosh '. Part ojthis includes not allowing any 'ervah' to be seen around us in such a way that expels and excludes kedusha and God's presence. v sltwww,@bblma.IJng.oomוm זad moresoun:e sheets and audJoshiu iוTodown o סבד [email protected] z בארהם םניגנ - 5778 1 .4 יהא צונע - _ דנטננ"ק סוכ:כ J1)'» 5ל ~סSד:כ ד"דיייJל" מואר הלכה יסובן ג The Shulchan Aruch rules the obligation to be tzanud. The Biur Halacha quotes the Smak who lists this as one ojthe 613 mitzvot. .iJ 5~די ;) ~ם ו;נח שוב :ןY;נה ה' דורש r,נזךו; ~י ~ם נ!שות ט~Jץנ,r ר~ם~ת VQד ןמב;וג:ע I~ת ע.ם ;~ S,,) wודמ Sיון: ן:כS נגו - מכנביוSכינכומ וססמר) וביכה ו,ח וובתרוצ צדין שם The concept oj tzn;ut is one oj the three jundamental principles ojJudaism, as outlined by Micha. One explanation 0/ 'tzniut' is 'hidden' - not to conduct one 's religious life in an exhibitionist or arrogant way. public (for a man or woman) is an appropriate חן One of the first issues therefore is to identify whether singing or perfonning • expression of personal dignity. This will depend greatly on context - the audience, the status of the perfonner, the type of perfonnance . 6 ראלר יראצות שלא בכתובה :י" העוברת על דת משה ייוחדתי ...... ונשנה ובסתכ תכותוב ןן: A woman loses her rights 10 a ketubah ifshe breaches 'Dat Moshe 'or 'Dat Yehudit '. Dat Yehudit relates specijica/ly to issues ojtzniut and the appropriate behavior oja Jewish woman. .7 ואיץו יהא דת יהדוית? האו מהבנ הצביעות שבהנו בונת ישראל ..... רובב"ם הלמת שיאm פקר כד הלכה יב The Rambam dejines Dat Yehudit as the 'minhagim o/tzniut' ojJewish women . 2 • What is the Dat Yehudit of religious communities (across the board) regarding women singing in public? ERVA AND A WQMAN'S SINGING VOICE :סז D] THE SUGYA IN BEBACH 1 ·8 ..... מץrJ,ניע.~י תזC ק1ל=ז ~י ק1ל=ז רג'ב ר-Qך~די ~ןה שיר שהיירם בידי Shiur Hashirim praises the pleasantness oja woman 's singing voice and emphasizes the desire ojothers to hear it. 9 קרלך ערב - מדמוננח כס קרח נגוס - ונמגו מיכס מחוס סיח רש"ישם Rashi explains that the 'pleasantness' 0/ the woman 's voice has a 'jlip-side' - the des;re 0/ men to listen to it! . 10 חד חסדי שאל לאליה זכור לטוב: ערים מהי שקירא שמע? אמר ליה:ו 7א ידאור כז עדותדרב - יערתו ייברר' תלונדו יחשלוני ונתכס חתונתו פקר א ףד וב וטר ד וה"ד There is a halachic prohibition on any 'Torah dibbur' in the presence oj 'ervah' - nakedness. This will include reading the Torah, saying berachot, tejillah and learning. 11 אמר רבי ציחק: טפח אבשה ערוה. למאי? אילימא לאסתכןלי בה והא א"ר ששת למה מנה הכתרב תכשיטיו שחבוץ עם תכשיטיו שבפנים לומר לך כל המסתכל אבבצע טקהב של אשה אכליו מסתכל במקום התירף! אלא באשות, רלקריאת שמע. אמר רב חסדא: שוק אבשה ערוה ... אמר שמואל: סול אבשה עררה, שאנמר (שרי ישהירם בדיי) ן?.(קרנ;. ג!!ב ו W יr~ ןQJור. אמר רב ששת: שער באשה עררה, שאנמר (ישר השיםיר דאי)Wע,ת ןןJ.!ר (iי-זע.ם כרבתר דכ. Ervah on a Torah level means jull nakedness, but Chazal added to the Torah level ervah a list ojRabbinic ervot in jront ojwhich Torah and tejillah etc are prohibited omסom and the martial bed .r סrוe batl וiva te . tlוe most p וSpeciflcally In areas whlch are tl .1 m at וes of 3 shlu i וtzva h oftzniut, see a se iוe mוe application of Dat Yehudit to tl וFor a more detalled analysis of tl .2 ווi /t -ווm/undelStandingtz וhttps://rabbimannlng.com/lndex.php/audiO-shiu i lot.comם י a bblmaז. ce sheets and audioshlurim visitWWWו downloadmore soU םז בסך. [email protected] 3 בארהם tנניגנ - 5778 :- verses in Tanach and include חס These are based • • a Tefach3 exposed in a place which is nonnally covered • any area exposed on the thigh (above the knee.) e voice of a woman וtt • • the hair of a woman • . 12 שמיאל אמר קיל באשת עררת מת טעם (ימריוה ג:ט)זוt?ח ו;נק' t1Z AQVr{:)ףl!- Jת (Y7I$i יגר' תלדום יחשליננ (יולאנ) מתכס חלה .פקר ב הלכה א The Talmud Yerushalmi a/so brings Shmue/'s din, but quoting a verse in Yirmiyahu which c/ear/y dea/s with a sexua/ .Kiyat Shemaז context and has nothing to do with g Kriyat Shema and the halacha of 'ervatח of this situation to sayi ח y limits the applicatioוthe case of the Tefach, the Gemara clea 1 חן dibbur', and negates application to the halachot of inappropriate sexual contact (which are dealt with elsewhere). What about the case of 'kol'? Is its appllcation also restricted to the case of Kriyat Shema, or can we leam a more general application to sexual listening to the voice of a woman who is 'erva'? Would it prohiblt listening to a woman's voice outside the חס ח contact and a prohibitio .cert ח a co ח text ofTorah and kedusha, eg iת cO . 13 ... טפח אבשה עריה .... יכן שקו וקלר באשה ערוה. רפי' רב האי גראו דכל הכי לעניו "קש. יבתכ הרחא ממץי בט"י הלכך אטרר לרמר דבר שבקדישה בשמיעת קיל שיר של אשה .... מיכדר וברבת פקר מי שmמ Iכוז .פ The Mordechai (13C, Europe) quotes Rav Hai Gaon4 who understands that the discussion in this sugya only re/ates to women singing during Kriyat Shema. As such, we are unable to learnjrom here a genera/ prohibition on /istening to women singing. j 1 .14 אמר שמואל יקיל באשה עררה' שאנמר כי וקק ערב - פיריש לשמיע ולא לעניך ק"ש וייאש ברבית פקר ג תוא rל 6 The Rosh (13C Europe) however understands that the sugya does not rejer 10 a specijic issue oj 'ervat dibbur' during Kriyat Shema, but introduces a genera/ ha/acha prohibiting listening to other women (who are erva) singing. 7 INAPPROPRlATE RELADONSHIPS מ USHINi ERVA ANמ E] THE SUGYA IN KID . 15 נשדר ליה מר שלמא לילתא, א"ל, הכי אמר שמיאל: קול באשה עריה. אפשר ע"י שליח! א"ל, הכי אמר שמיאל: אין שיאלין בשלום אשח. על דיי בעל!ה אמר ליה, חכי אמר שמראל: איו שואליו בשלום אשח כלל יקשודין ע. Rav Nachman asked Rav Yehuda ij he would like to send a greeting 10 Rav Nachman 's wije, Ya/ta. His rep/y was that any intimate exchange between men and women is assur - ko/ b 'isha erva ing to do with 'Torah dibbur' - Kriyat Shema, Tefilla etc.
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