Site Report, Phase II, Handwritten Draft
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Nanjemoy and Mattawoman Creek Watersheds
Defining the Indigenous Cultural Landscape for The Nanjemoy and Mattawoman Creek Watersheds Prepared By: Scott M. Strickland Virginia R. Busby Julia A. King With Contributions From: Francis Gray • Diana Harley • Mervin Savoy • Piscataway Conoy Tribe of Maryland Mark Tayac • Piscataway Indian Nation Joan Watson • Piscataway Conoy Confederacy and Subtribes Rico Newman • Barry Wilson • Choptico Band of Piscataway Indians Hope Butler • Cedarville Band of Piscataway Indians Prepared For: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Annapolis, Maryland St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland November 2015 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this project was to identify and represent the Indigenous Cultural Landscape for the Nanjemoy and Mattawoman creek watersheds on the north shore of the Potomac River in Charles and Prince George’s counties, Maryland. The project was undertaken as an initiative of the National Park Service Chesapeake Bay office, which supports and manages the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. One of the goals of the Captain John Smith Trail is to interpret Native life in the Middle Atlantic in the early years of colonization by Europeans. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept, developed as an important tool for identifying Native landscapes, has been incorporated into the Smith Trail’s Comprehensive Management Plan in an effort to identify Native communities along the trail as they existed in the early17th century and as they exist today. Identifying ICLs along the Smith Trail serves land and cultural conservation, education, historic preservation, and economic development goals. Identifying ICLs empowers descendant indigenous communities to participate fully in achieving these goals. -
Bladensburg Prehistoric Background
Environmental Background and Native American Context for Bladensburg and the Anacostia River Carol A. Ebright (April 2011) Environmental Setting Bladensburg lies along the east bank of the Anacostia River at the confluence of the Northeast Branch and Northwest Branch of this stream. Formerly known as the East Branch of the Potomac River, the Anacostia River is the northernmost tidal tributary of the Potomac River. The Anacostia River has incised a pronounced valley into the Glen Burnie Rolling Uplands, within the embayed section of the Western Shore Coastal Plain physiographic province (Reger and Cleaves 2008). Quaternary and Tertiary stream terraces, and adjoining uplands provided well drained living surfaces for humans during prehistoric and historic times. The uplands rise as much as 300 feet above the water. The Anacostia River drainage system flows southwestward, roughly parallel to the Fall Line, entering the Potomac River on the east side of Washington, within the District of Columbia boundaries (Figure 1). Thin Coastal Plain strata meet the Piedmont bedrock at the Fall Line, approximately at Rock Creek in the District of Columbia, but thicken to more than 1,000 feet on the east side of the Anacostia River (Froelich and Hack 1975). Terraces of Quaternary age are well-developed in the Bladensburg vicinity (Glaser 2003), occurring under Kenilworth Avenue and Baltimore Avenue. The main stem of the Anacostia River lies in the Coastal Plain, but its Northwest Branch headwaters penetrate the inter-fingered boundary of the Piedmont province, and provided ready access to the lithic resources of the heavily metamorphosed interior foothills to the west. -
Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail Connecting
CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH CHESAPEAKE NATIONAL HISTORIC TRAIL CONNECTING TRAILS EVALUATION STUDY 410 Severn Avenue, Suite 405 Annapolis, MD 21403 CONTENTS Acknowledgments 2 Executive Summary 3 Statement of Study Findings 5 Introduction 9 Research Team Reports 10 Anacostia River 11 Chester River 15 Choptank River 19 Susquehanna River 23 Upper James River 27 Upper Nanticoke River 30 Appendix: Research Teams’ Executive Summaries and Bibliographies 34 Anacostia River 34 Chester River 37 Choptank River 40 Susquehanna River 44 Upper James River 54 Upper Nanticoke River 56 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are truly thankful to the research and project team, led by John S. Salmon, for the months of dedicated research, mapping, and analysis that led to the production of this important study. In all, more than 35 pro- fessionals, including professors and students representing six universities, American Indian representatives, consultants, public agency representatives, and community leaders contributed to this report. Each person brought an extraordinary depth of knowledge, keen insight and a personal devotion to the project. We are especially grateful for the generous financial support that we received from the following private foundations, organizations and corporate partners: The Morris & Gwendolyn Cafritz Foundation, The Clay- ton Fund, Inc., Colcom Foundation, The Conservation Fund, Lockheed Martin, the Richard King Mellon Foundation, The Merrill Foundation, the Pennsylvania Environmental Council, the Rauch Foundation, The Peter Jay Sharp Foundation, Verizon, Virginia Environmental Endowment and the Wallace Genetic Foundation. Without their support this project would simply not have been possible. Finally, we would like to extend a special thank you to the board of directors of the Chesapeake Conser- vancy, and to John Maounis, Superintendent of the National Park Service Chesapeake Bay Office, for their leadership and unwavering commitment to the Captain John Smith Chesapeake Trail. -
The Potomac Above the Falls — Archeological Identification And
COHONGOROOTO: THE POTOMAC ABOVE THE FALLS ARCHEOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION STUDY OF C&O CANAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK ROCK CREEK TO SANDY HOOK (MILE MARKERS 0 TO 59) Volume I PREPARED FOR: NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 1100 OHIO DRIVE, S.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20242 PREPARED BY: THE LOUIS BERGER GROUP, INC. 2300 N Street NW Washington, D.C. 20037 December 2005 Final Report COHONGOROOTO: THE POTOMAC ABOVE THE FALLS ARCHEOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION STUDY OF CHESAPEAKE & OHIO CANAL NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK ROCK CREEK TO SANDY HOOK (MILE MARKERS 0 TO 59) VOLUME I Final Report PREPARED FOR: National Capital Region National Park Service 1100 Ohio Drive, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20242 PREPARED BY: Stuart Fiedel, John Bedell, Charles LeeDecker THE LOUIS BERGER GROUP, INC. 2300 N Street NW Washington, D.C. 20037 December 2005 FOREWORD This is the first of three volumes reporting the results of a three-year archeological survey of the easternmost 59 miles of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal National Historical Park (C&O Canal Park) for the National Park Service (NPS), National Capital Region, from 2003 through 2005. In recognition of the paucity of basic archeological data for the C&O Canal Park, and for other NPS properties in the National Capital Region, funds were devoted to implement the Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program (SAIP) in this area. The SAIP was developed to address the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act (specifically Sections 106 and 110), Executive Order 11593, and the Archeological Resources Protection Act. The rationale for the archeological survey was based primarily on the NPS’s resource management needs under Section 110 rather than being driven by development or capital improvement projects within the park. -
Preservation and Partners: a History of Piscataway Park
Preservation and Partners: A History of Piscataway Park Janet A. McDonnell, PhD December 2020 Resource Stewardship and Science, National Capital Area, National Park Service and Organization of American Historians EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the early republic period of American history, President George Washington was the most renowned resident of the Potomac River valley. His sprawling Mount Vernon estate sat on a hill directly across the Potomac River from the 17th century Marshall Hall estate in Maryland. There is ample evidence that Washington and his guests enjoyed and very much appreciated the stunning view. Many years later preserving this view would become the major impetus for establishing what we know today as Piscataway Park (PISC), a few miles south of Washington, DC. These lands along the Maryland shore of Potomac River were actively cultivated during George Washington’s time, and the existing park setting, which includes agricultural lands and open spaces interspersed with forests and wetlands, closely approximates that historic scene. The National Park Service’s (NPS) primary goal and responsibility in managing the park has been, and continues to be, preserving this historic scene of open fields and wooded areas and ensuring that it does not authorize any landscape alterations except those that would restore previously undisturbed sites, reduce visual intrusions, or maintain open fields. The NPS continues to take into account the slope and orientation of the terrain and the tree cover when considering the location of any new facilities. Piscataway Park and its associated lands are for the most part held under scenic easements and constitute a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) historic district made up of nearly 5,000 acres of meadow, woodland, and wetland, along six miles of the Potomac River shoreline from the head of Piscataway Creek to the historic Marshall Hall in Maryland’s Prince George’s and Charles counties. -
Archaeological Assessment of the Northern Portion of the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia
REDACTED ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CITY OF VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA by Joseph R. Blondino, Mike Klein, and Curtis McCoy Prepared for Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Historic Resources Prepared by DOVETAIL CULTURAL RESOURCE GROUP June 2018 REDACTED Archaeological Assessment of the Northern Portion of the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia by Joseph R. Blondino, Mike Klein, and Curtis McCoy Prepared for Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Historic Resources 2801 Kensington Avenue Richmond, Virginia 23221 Prepared by Dovetail Cultural Resource Group I, Inc. 11905 Bowman Drive, Suite 502 Fredericksburg, Virginia 22408 Dovetail Job #17-097 June 2018 June 13, 2018 D. Brad Hatch, Principal Investigator Date Dovetail Cultural Resource Group This page intentionally left blank ABSTRACT Dovetail Cultural Resource Group (Dovetail) conducted an archaeological assessment of the northern part of the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia. The study area was bounded to the north and east by the Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean, to the west by the city limits of Virginia Beach, and to the south by North Landing Road, Princess Anne Road, and a line extending due east from the intersection of Princess Anne Road and General Booth Boulevard to the Atlantic Ocean. The assessment was performed on behalf of the Virginia Department of Historic Resources as part of the Cost Share Survey and Planning Program. This work was completed in February of 2018. This report includes a discussion of previously identified and potential archaeological resources located within the study area. The assessment included a review of previously identified resources, previously surveyed areas, settlement patterns characteristic of precontact and historic archaeological sites, historic maps, as-built maps, aerial photos, United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps, and vehicular and pedestrian survey. -
Heritage Framework Book
Chapter Four The Rise of Townlife, 1,100 to 500 Years Ago 1,100 to 500 1,000 years years before present before present A.D. 1300 A.D. 1492 |||| Late Woodland Crop cultivation Settled towns European Phase in Chesapeake in Chesapeake contact region region AN ECOLOGY OF PLACE blue crabs, bay barnacles, and freshwa- SIGNIFICANT AND PEOPLE ter grass shrimps–are also considered zooplankton. Plankton provide food for EVENTS other Bay creatures such as bottom ▫ Ⅺ 1,000 years before PLACE dwelling common clam worms and present–corn, squash, beans, and tobacco By the beginning of what archeologists American oysters. These and other inver- become important call Late Woodland times, by 1,100 years tebrates spend most of their lives in the cultivated crops in the deeper benthic waters of the Bay. Fish region and bow and ago, diverse ecosystems had developed arrow introduced in the Chesapeake region (see Map 5). At such as Atlantic menhaden feed on ▫ 1300 AD–people begin the region’s center stood the Bay, which these and other organisms. In turn, those building settled towns by then was filled out into its present fish become food for larger fish, such as and Potomac Creek spot, American shad, and striped bass. culture, ancestors of form. Its waters were wide, shallow, calm, the Piscataways, move and clear. The Bay supported a vast and More than two hundred different fish into lower Potomac Valley complex food chain. Just as it does now, species are believed to have lived in Bay the base of this food chain consisted of ▫ 1492 and 1497– Euro- waters during Late Woodland times. -
Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18PR8 Site Name: Accokeek Creek Prehistoric Other Name(S) Moyaone Historic
Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18PR8 Site Name: Accokeek Creek Prehistoric Other name(s) Moyaone Historic Brief Late Archaic camp and Early, Middle, & Late Woodland village Unknown Description: Site Location and Environmental Data: Maryland Archeological Research Unit No. 11 SCS soil & sediment code ShA,Tm Latitude 38.6954 Longitude -77.0511 Physiographic province Western Shore Coastal Terrestrial site Underwater site Elevation 3 m Site slope 0-5% Ethnobotany profile available Maritime site Nearest Surface Water Site setting Topography Ownership Name (if any) Potomac River -Site Setting restricted Floodplain High terrace Private Saltwater Freshwater -Lat/Long accurate to within 1 sq. mile, user may Hilltop/bluff Rockshelter/ Federal Ocean Stream/river need to make slight adjustments in mapping to cave Interior flat State of MD account for sites near state/county lines or streams Estuary/tidal river Swamp Hillslope Upland flat Regional/ Unknown county/city Tidewater/marsh Lake or pond Ridgetop Other Unknown Spring Terrace Low terrace Minimum distance to water is 0 m Temporal & Ethnic Contextual Data: Contact period site ca. 1820 - 1860 Ethnic Associations (historic only) Paleoindian site Woodland site ca. 1630 - 1675 ca. 1860 - 1900 Native American Asian American Archaic site MD Adena ca. 1675 - 1720 ca. 1900 - 1930 African American Unknown Early archaic Early woodland Y ca. 1720 - 1780 Post 1930 Anglo-American Other MIddle archaic Mid. woodland Y ca. 1780 - 1820 Hispanic Late archaic Y Late woodland Y Unknown historic context Unknown prehistoric context Unknown context Y=Confirmed, P=Possible Site Function Contextual Data: Historic Furnace/forge Military Post-in-ground Urban/Rural? Other Battlefield Frame-built Domestic Prehistoric Transportation Fortification Masonry Homestead Multi-component Misc. -
CH-375 Chapel Point State Park
CH-375 Chapel Point State Park Architectural Survey File This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps. Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment. All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust. Last Updated: 12-18-2012 CAPSULE SUMMARY Chapel Point State Park MIHP # CH-375 Port Tobacco vicinity Charles County, Maryland SP=1972 Public Chapel Point State Park comprises approximately 828 acres in southern central Charles County along the Port Tobacco River on Maryland's interior coastal plain. The property was acquired by the MdDNR in 1972 (MdDNR 1994). The acreage was part of the 4,000-acre St. Thomas Manor held by the Roman Catholic Church since 1638. The land was donated to the MdDNR to protect a scenic viewshed and to protect open space associated with the early development of the State of Maryland (MdDNR 1994). -
SM-897 St. Mary's River State Park
SM-897 St. Mary's River State Park Architectural Survey File This is the architectural survey file for this MIHP record. The survey file is organized reverse- chronological (that is, with the latest material on top). It contains all MIHP inventory forms, National Register nomination forms, determinations of eligibility (DOE) forms, and accompanying documentation such as photographs and maps. Users should be aware that additional undigitized material about this property may be found in on-site architectural reports, copies of HABS/HAER or other documentation, drawings, and the “vertical files” at the MHT Library in Crownsville. The vertical files may include newspaper clippings, field notes, draft versions of forms and architectural reports, photographs, maps, and drawings. Researchers who need a thorough understanding of this property should plan to visit the MHT Library as part of their research project; look at the MHT web site (mht.maryland.gov) for details about how to make an appointment. All material is property of the Maryland Historical Trust. Last Updated: 01-24-2012 CAPSULE SUMMARY Saint Mary's River State Park MIHP # SM-897 Great Mills vicinity St. Mary's County, Maryland SP=1968 Public St. Mary's River State Park was proposed during the late 1960s to provide flood control for Great Mills and recreation opportunities for county residents and tourists. The park comprises two areas. Site 1 located north of Point Lookout Road (MD Rte 5) currently is classified as the St. Mary's River Watershed Fish Management Area. Site 2 is located between Indian Bridge Road (MD Rte 471) and Chancellors Run Road (MD Rte 237) and contains 2,124 acres, of which approximately 1,445 acres are designated Maryland wildlands (Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MdDNR) 2002). -
A Cultural Resource Survep of the College Creek Area Annapolis, Maryland
A Cultural Resource Survep of the College Creek Area Annapolis, Maryland Eileen Williams Julie H. Ernstein Paul A. Shackel Paul A. Shackel, Ph.D. Principal Investigator November 1. 1987 Prepared for the Naval Academy Athletic Association Annapolis, Maryland "Archaeology in Annapolis," A Cooperative Project Between Historic Annapolis, Inc. and The University of Maryland, College Park ABSTRXT The following reprt describes a phase I survey of the College Creek area. In this area, a tatal of 177 shovel tests mecqletd. The survey revealed a shell midden, tentatively identified as &longing to the Woodlad phase. In addition, disturbances caused by a railroad and comete factory menot&. Further excavation is needed to ascertain the cmnplete nature of the College Cceek site, 18 AP 46. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .... ........................................... Introduction ........................................... Literature Search ...................................... Prehistory ............................................. Historical Background ................................. Environmental Setting ................................. Sensitivity Estimate ................................... Previous Investigations ............................... Research Questions .... F ............................... Methodology ........................................... Field Investigation ................................... Results ............................................... Recommendations ........................................ References Cited.,. -
University Microfilms International
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