A Cultural Resource Survep of the College Creek Area Annapolis, Maryland
Eileen Williams Julie H. Ernstein Paul A. Shackel
Paul A. Shackel, Ph.D. Principal Investigator
November 1. 1987
Prepared for the Naval Academy Athletic Association Annapolis, Maryland
"Archaeology in Annapolis," A Cooperative Project Between Historic Annapolis, Inc. and The University of Maryland, College Park ABSTRXT
The following reprt describes a phase I survey of the College Creek area. In this area, a tatal of 177 shovel tests mecqletd. The survey revealed a shell midden, tentatively identified as &longing to the Woodlad phase. In addition, disturbances caused by a railroad and comete factory menot&. Further excavation is needed to ascertain the cmnplete nature of the College Cceek site, 18 AP 46. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ...... Introduction ...... Literature Search ...... Prehistory ...... Historical Background ...... Environmental Setting ...... Sensitivity Estimate ...... Previous Investigations ......
Research Questions .... F ...... Methodology ...... Field Investigation ...... Results ...... Recommendations ...... References Cited.,...... Maps Cited ...... Photographs Cited ...... Appendix I Site Form ...... Appendix I1 Shovel Test Summary ...... Appendix 111 Deeds ...... Appendix IV Maps and Photographs ...... Appendix V Vitas ...... List of Figures
Figure Council for Maryland Archaeology Map ...... 2 Figure Annapolis, MDU.S.G.S. Quad Map. Scale 1:24,000 ..... 3
Figure College Creek, College Creek Partnership Developers.. 4
Figure Area 3n-veyed at College Creek ...... 5 Fiqme Parel,I, 11, and 111. The 1954 Sanborn Insur-Map ...... 15 Figure The Area Surveyed at College Creek. Outlined Area Indicates the Known Extent of the Shell Midden ...... 32
Figure The Surveyed Area at college Creek. Area Disturbed by Filling for the Railroad ...... 40 Figure The Survey Area ak College Creek. mtof Concrete Fill ..... 41 Figure The Survey Area at College Creek. Extent of Shell Midden ...... 42 Figue A ~oijecturdProfile of the Shell Mound at 18hP46...... 43 Figure Amland Projectile Point ...... 44
List of Tables
Table . .. 1. A Qlart of all the Kn- prehistoric Sites Within a 4 Mile Radius of the College Creek Site ...... 20 DJTRCOUCTION
The following is a report of a survey performed by "At-chaeology in
Annapolis," a cwpzrative project betwen Histnric Annaplis, Inc. and the'
University of Mwylard, College Park. The survey enconpssed approxi- mately 240 square meters of:l.land owned by the United States Naval Academy and the State of Maqlad. The Naval Academy plans to deed the property tn the Naval Wademy Athletic Assxiation, and in turn they seek M de- velop on this lard a Marriott Hotel. Tkis project is subject to review urder the Federal Historic P,re-tion legislation, thus the Maryland
Historic Trust deaned a survey necessxy to identify md evaluate any ar- chaeological resources which muld k inpacted by the prop& dwel-t.
The project area is located within the Anna~liscity limits on the west bank of College Creek, mrtheast of Fme Boulevard and southeast of the present i%ryland State Archives (Figures 1,2 and 3). Construction will '" impact bth Nad kadw and state owned land on the banks of College
Creek, except for a 30.48 m (100 ft) buffer zone around the mter' s edge
(Figure 4) . The suxvey for the pimp& area of *t was prformed by a crew of three, between May 13, 1987 and May 20, 1987. The crew consisted of tm field assistants, Eileen Williams and Michael Burrey,d was SuqErVised by Dr. Paul Shackel.
LITERNURE SEARCH
A literature search for bth prehistoric aid historic information ms mductd for the CollegeCreek project. Dr. Sean Fbslsso performed the historic research at the Maylard Hall of Rerords. The prehistoric research was wductd at tke Maryland Historic Trust Library, which mn- tains site and survey rqrts for the i%ryland area. From these resources, a sensitivity model was generated for the area to be archaeologically survey€d. PREKISTDRY
Paleoaian Perid
The Paleoirdian Stage (13000-7000 B.C.) is rot we11 domted in
the mrtheastern United Skates, tlwuqh evidence from the region suggest
ashave lived here for 10,000-20,000 years. In the west, the mst wide-
spread complex is the Llano or Clovis, typified by fluted ~ints,scrapers,
and blades. These artifacts are often in association with extinct mga-
fam of the Pleis~cene,suggestjng a way of life centering on big game
hunting (Humphrey ad Qlambers 1977:7-9).
In the east however, fh3s .slmwing wideme for Pdeoirdians are usually
isolated fluted pixits (Stepnaitis 1980:63). There are however, several
sites in the east which reveal evidme for Paleoindian occupation of the
region. 'Em hprtant surface sites are the Williamson site in Dinwiddie
County, Virginia an3 the.Shmp site in Iancaster County, Pennsylvania. The
artifacts remvered include flu+& points, blades, scrapers a.rd wedges, which
are similar behem the b sites and similar to the CLovis complw in the hest. 'I'm deeply stratified sites imlude the Shawnee Minisink site in the
Del-e Water Gap and the ThU17desbird site in the SMoahValley. Both
these sites yielded radio carhn dates that were contmpraneous with the Clovis complex in the west (Hmphrey and Chmters 1977:8-9) . Stepomitis (1983:63-64) notes that while the eastern Pal- complex is similar to the western Clovis mmp1exes, eastern artifacts have never been . . fourd in direct as~iationwith Pleistxene mega fauna. , Wmphrey ad Chambers (1977: 9) state that eastern evidence is ".. .aomplicaW by signi-
ficent variation mng arkifacts both in minor detail an3 major form."
Thus, the lifeways of the big gam hunters of the west cannot be transfemed
to the east. Instead, evidence suggests that the Palm'lndians of east had a much mediversified subsistence stratesy. This is kecause of several
factors, identified by both Steponaitis (1983) 4 Hmpkey and Chamkrs
(1977) . As manpreys and Chmkers (1977: 9) note: While big gmhunters in the Great Plains and Southwest meranging over thousads of square miles of essentially open grassland, their eastern cousins were faced with the great variety of ecological niches in the first conif~ms, then decidious forest which covered the land...human groups living in the forest rmst have depended increashgly on lmally availilable plants, dlgame, reptiles ad shell fish...This regional and seasonal variation in fdand resources muld understandably result in considerable variation in cultural adaptive strawies and air ma- terial manifestations.
Steponaitis notes that Paleoindian base camps identified by diverse
arkifact asdlages, non-random distribution of lithic debris, activity
areas and pstholes and nwlds, are foud in riverhe environments. Further,
that quarry sites identified by a lack of WLs, and the presence of
large munts of debitage ard a crypto-crystalline rock source. (Steponaitis
1983:66). This indicates that eastern ~aleoindiansme not fol~o~ migrating animaLs but- occupying sites on a seasonal basis.
Investigation of Paleoirdian sites is hindered as mysites are inun- da'cd with therisein waker level at the erd of the Pleistocene. With the
4 of the Pleis- several 0th~adaptation were also occurring, the period of cultural adaptation to the new environment is hwnas the Archaic Period (~umphreysad Chahi~~s1977:ll) . Archaic Period
The end of the Pleisbene saw myemironrental changes, kluding the hmdation of - riverine environments, a change frm mixed coniferous forests to northern hardwoods, ard a mre -rate climate. The Archaic mjRd is one of cultural adaptation to these changes arfi is further divided intc &phases, known generally as Early Archaic, Middle Archaic ad Late
Archaic.
The Early Archaic (7.500-6000 B.C.) is characterized artifactually by
artifact traditions, the C~rnerNotched tradition (7500-6800 B.C.) and
the Bifrucate tradition (6800-6000 B.C.) . The Corner Nowtradition is based on the change from fluted pints to corner notched pints, re-
flecting a different hafting technique and utilization. The general arti-
fact assemblages of Pdeo and Archaic .cpeopLes are very similar, thusprorpt- ing - to infer that the differences bemen the tw peoples were what they hunted (Stepnaitis 1983: 69-70) . The Bifrucate tradition inw1.ved the scheduled use of a mnnbzc of sea-
sonal available resources. Th_e Bifmcates were made frcm Rhyolite or
Wtzin the Pppalachian ~untahs.
Circa 6000 B.C. the weather changed from cool and dry to warm and wt.
This mked the beginning of the Middle Archaic. Tkis period is represented
by several traditions, with the Bifrucate tradition pssibly extending into
this period.
Marrow bbutain .. pints RIE part of a kcadition extending from 5000-4200
B.C. These pints -made of rhyolite and black chert, with associated
assemblages of scrapers, large bifaces, choppers, harmners, atlatl heights
and axes. These mles occupied inland swzrmps with transient camps on
second and thid order streams (Stepmaitis 1983:76-77).
not her tradition was characterized by th Guilford lanceo1oate pints me of quartzite. The assemblages were generally the - as the i%mow mutain assemblages with the exception of 6Clrapers king absent. W increase
in the numker of phts irdicakes either an htensification of use in the area, or an increase in ppulation (Stepnaitis 1983:78-79).
The late Archaic saw a change t~ a a and dry climate ard the be- ginning of an oak-hickory forest. During 'chis time period (4000-1000 B.C. I there were several traditions. distinctive traditions methe Piedmnt tradition with long stem& pints, ad the Lawentian tradition, rare in tkis area. Also appearing for the first tim is the broad spear;which in- dicated utilization of new re-ces, pssibly estuary resources (Steponaitis
1983:80-81). Also appearing at tkis tifie are seatite or soapstone vessels reflec'cing a mre sedentary way of life. As Hqhrey and -rs (1977:ll) note:
By 1000 B.C. there is clear evidence from substanial midden deposits along mjor rivers and 'crhtary streams of larger ~opulations. The Indians of this period followed a more sedentary way of life oriented kvily to fishing and ml- lusk wllezting as ~11as hungthg and gathering.
The transition frm Archaic to toland is nwxked by the appearance of wocdmrking tmls, mch as axes and celts, ard cordage inpressed ceramics.
Both tyges of artifacts are reflected of more sedentary lifeways.
WLarrd Period
The W& perid (1000-European contact-1500) is also divided inm three phases; Early, Middle, and Late. During the Early Wxdland perid
'che intrduction of atigens into the Ohio ad Mississippi Valleys from Wim result& in changes in those areas. However, in tk mrtheast the
Archiac way of life continued well intc the Wxdlard mid (Humpby and
Chanhrs 1977:17). As ~mphreyad Chamls=rs (1977:17) note:
Pottery is the clearest indication of change in this early Wandperiod. Changes in the frequency ad distxibution of Accokeek, Pope's Creek, and Wklay, wes. . .indicate that shifts in focd prccuranent strategies 'me Ming place al- though all...predate the use of agridtural products. Howwer no major changes in culWd patterns were no'&.
Circa 1000-1200 A.D., cultivated lqmes wzce htrcduced into the area.
This cokided with the developmt of inproved saains of maize. These developrents praduced significant changes in the population structure of the arm (Hunphrey and Qlambers 1977:17-19). Thus whm Ehrop2ans explorers and colonists arrived they feud sedentary populations relying on an in- tensified ad integrate3 utilization of namcal ad cultivated. resources. HISTORICAL - Maryld was granM to George Calvert, the first Lard Balmre in
1629, and was established as a proprietary colony. It was first settld
in 1634 at St. Mary's City. It was during JQcylard's years as a proprietary
colony that it developed an ezomny based on tokacco expct. The mjority
of people lived on farms and grew tokacco. The smaller farmers relied on
the larqe plantation omsfor the processing and shipping of the tobacco.
These large plantations were self-zontained as they had blacksmiths, coopers cobblers, as we11 as dccks on their plantations. Thus, Maryland was organ- ized to grow, process, ad ewrt tobacco (Middleton 1954).
In 1689, Marylard kzam= a royal colony, as a result of the Glorious
Revolutiorq.when William adMxy became the savereign rulers of Rqland.
The capital of *lad was wed fm St. Mary's to Annaplis and the first
Payal Govermr, Sir Francis Nicholson, was appointed to Mxyd(Radoff
1971). In designing the city, Nicholson intentionally used a Baroque de- sign for the plitical purpse of creating stability by using the church and the State House as the fmus of his design. (Reps 1965).
Papenfuse (1975) described the ciPy of Annaplis's grclwth in three phases.
First was a period between 1694 and 1715, which was characterized by the tawnus seasonal swell* with the general assembly, and subsequent depop ulation after the assembly left. Between 1715 ad 1763, th@ town wienced bureaucratic growth ad small industrial expmsion, which increased the nm kr of pemment residents. The era ketween 1763 ard 1774 is known as Ar- naplis's @Iden Age. This .time is characterize3 by the decline of d1 irdus-, such as shipbuilding and tanning, while .conspicuous consmptian among the mst prominent ard richest rmnbxs of the colony residing in An- naplis increased 'crmerdously (Papenfuse 1975:6). after tkis mid of grandeur, Rnnaplis &lined after the mlu-
tionary War, losing ecommic vitality ard favor to Balbre. This oontinued until the 19601s, when Annaplis &me economically rwital-
ized. This revitalization con&es my,with its main economic base generated by tourism.
The project area was outside the Historic District of Annaplis, but within the city Limits. It was first patented by Mward Dorsey ard Nonwd's
Beall in 1668. During the subsequent selling of the properties, rmthing in- dicated how mch of the project area was originally part of Nommd's Beall
or Dorsey's property, which shared a comn bsrder. Both parcels of land r maind intact until the mid-19th century (hsso 1987).
After Hward Mrsey died, the pmpzty passed on tm his wife, who re- married and sold it in 1706 to William Bladen. Tbms Bladden, William's son, then sold the property in 1721 to John -ter, a Lodon ship captain.
When Carpnter died, his land passed to the daughters of his eldest brother.
!I%daughters then sold it tc toward Dorsey in 1754. The lark3 mnpassed to Timms Dorsey, who sold the property to Richard Spriggs in 1780. Spriggs passed it on to his son-in-law, Hugh Thompson, in 1798, who after enlarging the property sold it in 1803 lm ~illiamCatton. Cak'mn in December 1803, resold it to !Enstees of the Poor. The area became the site of the County poorhouse until 1828, when the Trustees sold the lard, then known as Straw-
WryHill, to GBorge Ma&&&. Mackubbin then gave it tn his son Richard, who sold it in 1864 to Lewis Fiery. Fiery resold the prvty in 1865 to
Charles Reese, who kept it until 1886. The Balhre & Annapolis Sbrt
Line Railroad acquired the lad from the Reeses in 1886. The BaLtimre &
Annaplis Railroad retained the land until 1939, when the Naval Academy Athletic Assxiation bought the property; howwer, the Baltimo~and
Annapolis Railroad retained the property witkin the railroad's right-of-
my until 1970, when it ad the Annapolis Concrete Co., its leasee, sold
that portion to the state. In 1939, Annapolis Acres, Inc. sold the land
t~ the Navy Academy Athletic Association. The Naval Academy Athletic As-
sociation then sold Parcel I to the United States Gmemment in 1965, ad
Parcel1 11 'm the State of Maryland in 1969 (Figure 5). The Naval Xademy
Athletic Asmiation retained the remining prtion of land to thpresent
(ksso 1987). (Apprdix 11).
The Bealls ad their descerdants retained Nod's Beall until 1806 when John Weems krtgaged khe property to ~onathanPinkney, who acquired the property in 1813, after Wm's demise. Pinbey's heirs sold the prop- erty in 1827 an3 subsequently the title to pJ0m's Beall followed khat of mrsey (Russo 1987) (App3dix 11).
Questions have bzm raised as to the exact location of the mncrete factory, to determine its impact on the project area. Exact dmmmtation is not available, homer, the deeds indicate that the concrete factary was in Parcell 111. Both Parcel I1 ad Parcel I11 are northest ard soulh~st of Parcel I, respectively (Figore 5 ) . Since Parcel I contains the project area, it is reasonable tc assume that the College Creek site ms rot h- pactel by the concrete factory.
~esidesdeeds adwills, maps, charts and pbbqraphs me researched.
Fertinent dmummts are reprduced here in mndix 111. These imlude We:
1834 "Claude" mp: 1946 Chart of Annapolis Wbr ard Vicinity; 1876 Severn
River Chart; 1880's pkmtqraph of Bladen Street Station, an3 College Creek late 19th cenm Southem Map Co. Atlas; 1930 %nbmmap: 1954 Sanbm map: post-1950's aerial phomaphs (2): wst-1972 aerial pbtograph Figure 5. Parcels 1, 2, and 3. The 1954 Sanborn Insurance Xap. (Apw-dix 111). Other maps at the Marylad kchives ckked -: #I87
(Matinent) , #749 (Hopkins Atlas), #640 (Geologid Sum),K634 and #1117
(Geological Survey), and #695. These maps did not reveal any pertinent information. The aerial views (Appadix III) were the only relevent mater- ials which hfiicate the location of the concrete capany (hsso 1987).
Thus, the historic dccmntation irdicated that the project area was utilized as farmland until the late 1800's. After that, it was impacted by bth the railmad in the southern portion of the project area and, to a limited extent, the conrete factory in the mrtltwest seztion. Hmver, given the wid-, it is unlikely the area was used for much other than faxmjng. Thus the records revealed no hisbric site on the property. ENVImSETKNG
The project area is locat& on the caastaZ plain of the Middle Chesa- pz&e Bay region. Situated on the mstern &re of the Bay, the lard sur- eingthe project area is characterized by roll- uplands with a wide diversity of deciduous trees and plants. (-land Deparliwnt of mtud
Resaxces, Tidewater Pdministration Coastal Resources Division 1979). The project area is located in Unit 7 of the Maryland Archaeological Research
Unit Map, which places the projsct anm in the Gmpwder Middle - Back -
Patapscc - mqothy - Severn - South - me- West drainages. Specifically, the project area is located 30.48m (100 ft) frm Collqe Creek, a tidal creek arC, estuary which drains Fnto the Swern River (Figure 1).
Between 25,000 K to 15,000 BC the Chesapeake area forests memade up of spruce, pine, some fir, ad birch trees. By 10,000 EC, the forests had becorm= donhated by the oak-hickory, represznting a mre varied and thus rmre exploitable, environment (Maryland Department of NaWal &sources, Tidewater Pdministca'cion Coastal Resources Division) .
The substrata soils in the bsapeak area are formed by unansolidated sedhtary deposits of sard, silt, clay, and gravel. These overlie a crystalline bedrock. Ti-~~ghthe tnpographic relief in the area is not div@rse,the sedhnts do vary greatly in depth, texture, addqree of psmeability (Bush et a1 1977:7). The soil in the project area is a Wn- muth, fine sardy loam with a 0-2% gradient. It is formed frm unconsoli- dated beds of fine textwed sediments. It is otherwise charackerized by hing deep, well drained, olive colored, strongly acidic, ad having glaumn- ite (green sail) make up 40-70% of its soil profile at any point. The site area in pxtidar has a silty topsoil (Kirby & &thews, 1973~38-39). The most recent utilization of the project area was as farmlard in the late 1800's. mently, hmver, the project area is not under use and is wvered by a small forest of deciduous trees. The fauna of the project area consists of dlmls, mice, rabbits, and foxes,and birds. Even though there is forest ad groud cover thr0uqhw.t the project area, erosion is a serious problem along the banks of College Creek. SENSITIVITY ESTIMATE
A search through the Maryland Historic Trust Archaeological Survey files revealed 32 prehistmic sites within a four mile radius of the Col- lege Creek area. Of these siks, four are tbught to be from the Archaic phase, ten are fm tlae -lad phase, ad the remining 18 are prehistaric sites without a hewn cultural affiliation. Further, a predictive &el by Stepmaitis reveals that from the late Archaic, sites can he increasingly fouin riverine environs. ~hus,kause of the location of the project area ad the high density of akorighal sites in the irranediate vicinity of College Creek, this areawas considered highly sensitive in terms of prehistoric remains, ad a phase I. survey was dead necessary (Table 1) . After reviewing the historic dcaknts of the area, such as deeds, maps, ardaefidpho~graphs,no historic sites methught tn exist within the area of impact. The comrete factory, which was built in the seconl quarter of the 20th century, has M dccunented tn to outside of the project area.
Despite the Lack of docmentation of the 18th century, the proximity to
Annapolis' historic district suggested that there was a chance of locating sites with functions that were water related. Thus, the College Creek area was considered to ke not as sensitive interms of historic remains. Table 1. Known Prehistaric Sites Witkin a 4 Mile Radius of the College Creek Site.
DISTANCE EKM THE UJIUGE SITE NLMWR PFXIOD CFEE SITE (in Miles) DIRECTION
AN 39 WD .6 SE
AP 5 AR 1 NW
AN 147 PR 1 NW
AN 148 PR 1 NW
AN 211 AR 1 NW
AN 93 PR 1.5 IG3
AP 4 PR 2 NW
AN 430 AR 2.5 SW
AN 158 PR 3 SE
AN 159 AR 3 SE
AN 194 ViD 3 SW
AN 196 WD 3 SW
AN 207 W) 3 SW
AN 376 WD 3 SW
AN 377 PR 3 SW
AN 378 PR 3 SW
AN 436 PR 3 SW
AN 437 WD 3 SW
AN 467 WD 3 SW
AN 468 WD 3 SW
AN 480 PR 3 SW
AN 481 PR 3 SW
AN 482 PR 3 SW
AN 483 PR 3 SW
AP 11 PR 4 S DISTAWE FRaM THE COLLEGE SITE NUMBER PERIOD CREEK SITE (in Miles) DIRETION
AN 192 PR 4 S
KEY: Period
PR - prehistoric (perid unknown) AR - Arch m - woodland Previous Investiuations
The systematic excavation and interpretation of shell
middens and their related assemblages as a specific focus of research in prehistoric archaeology is well documented. Much work has been entered for a variety of purposes and to varying degrees of success in the immediate vicinity of the College Creek study area, in surrounding Anne Arundel County, as well as in the
Mid-Atlantic region and along the eastern seaboard as a whole. Clearly, it is beyond the scope of the discussion at hand to
provide'an exhaustive treatment of the subSects of shell-midden archaeology or Woodland period studies conducted to date. Yet, it is necessary to consider a sample of the relevant research conducted within the study area and its environs in order to demonstrate the importance of the remains recovered from the College Creek midden within their local and regional contexts. This importance, it will be shown, is firmly rooted in the
research potential of the site within a region of particularly high modern cultural stress (e.g., threats posed to the archaeological resource by residential, road, lime production, and other similar development interests) and the site's likelihood of producing interpretations that are not redundant (i.e., do not repeat findings and approaches utilized elsewhere in the same area and to the same ends) as a result of a research design that is more far-sighted than the simple compliance with preservation legislation or some prearranged scope of work. In order to document the variety of prehistoric settlement and subsistence strategies (particularly those of the Woodland
22 period), future research at the College Creek site must tie into
a network of research conducted elsewhere in the Mid-Atlantic region that acknowledges the fact that: "The variety of settlement patterns, community patterns, social organizations, and basic adaptations during Late Woodland times was much more complex than was originally thought (Custer 1986: 12). The gap that such research would fill would be to provide data from the Middle Chesapeake region (as described in Wright 1973) comparable to that gathered for other parts of the Mid-Atlantic (among them the Delaware Valley, the Delmarva Peninsula, the Susquehanna Valley, the Virginia Coastal Plain, the Virginia Piedmont, the Appalachian highlands, etc.). A review of the literature, composed of published articles and reports. as well as unpublished reports on file at the Maryland Historical Trust, serves to highlight the importance of water resources in the basic day to dayexistence of prehistoric populations. It is of no great surprise, then, to note the preponderance of recorded and projected archaeological sites along the State's various waterways. Wilke and Thompson (1977) only too clearly demonstrate the predominance of sites located near water resources (be they wetland, offshore, or coastal water areas) over those located elsewhere. At the same time, it is of no little interest that while shell sites are far more numerous throughout the State than are non-shell sites (based on figures representing the minimum number of expected shell sites by county), only one county (Talbot) outnumbers the pro-jected shell site figure for Anne Arundel County--the political unit in which
23 the College Creek site is located (Wilke and Thompson 1977: 103- 128). Both amateur/avocational and professional archaeologists alike have spent a great deal of time recording, testing, and otherwise documenting shell sites in Anne Arundel County,
Maryland. Of the sites enumerated below, some are within the immediate vicinity of the College Creek area whereas others are mentioned here because they are either chronologicall+ or contextually comparable. Known prehistoric shell midden sites within the study area include: the Martin's Pond site (18AN1411, the Back Creek Site (18AN151), the Luce Creek site (18AN143), the Ruf site (18AN65), the Sullivan Cove site (18AN106), the Sahlin site (18AN132), the Little Round Bay/Manderes Creek site (18AN132), and the Obrecht site (18AN113). The preceding list was compiled from various National Register nomination forms on file at the Maryland Historical Trust, Wright (1973), and Peck (1977). Other local (i.e., Anne Arundel County) sites of interest with midden components include: two prehistoric sites from the United States Coast Guard Yard at Curtis Bay (18AN523 and l8AN524), the Retriever site (l8AN449), and the Purcell site (documented in Pogue, Clark and Akerson 1981: Koski-Karell 1981:
and Barse, Clark, and Braley 1977, respectively).
For a better understanding of how an imaginative or otherwise innovative research design for the study of shell midden resources might be formulated, we should now turn to some of the previous work done on the subject. Perhaps the best point of embarkation is Wright (1973) which, with a few suggested
24 modifications forwarded by Barse, Clark, and Braley (1977), forms the basis for the prehistoric ceramic sequence for the Mid- Atlantic region. In the course of his short but informative book Wright reports the results of an archaeological survey of the Severn River area and reveals the presence of no less than 72 prehistoric sites. He uses data from eight of these sites and proposes a ceramic sequence composed of five phases. Also of utility is the skeletal framework for a midden topology composed of definitions for the following sorts of shell sites: small shell heaps, large shell heaps, small middens, and large middens (Wright 1973:9). In this work's preface, Wright admonishes against stasis and hopes to inspire future researchers to "...move beyond the problems of phase definition to the problems of explanation" (Wright 1973: ix). Other researchers have taken up the cause as may be seen in subsequent work on materials from some of the sites Wright treated. Peck (1977: 13-32) analyzes lithics and other raw materials from the Obrecht site in order to address interregional contact and the notion of cultural influences southward from the Delmarva Peninsula and Delmarva Valley during Late Woodland times. Another foray into the realm of explanation comes in Gilsen's (1978: 11-16) application of a general approach to materials from shell midden and other estuarine types of sites as a means for arriving at a better understanding of prehistoric demographics (specifically, population fluctuations, mobility, and settlement densities). Below,the present report suggests pursuing future research (i.e., Phase I1 examination of the College Creek site) with the 1 hopes of adding to the existing bady of data on Woodland shell midden sites (and for comparative purposes, non-midden sites as well) in the Chesapeake. A good example of the utility of establishing a broad database (and not mistaking the excavation of the same type of site with the production of redundant information) may be seen in the following example. Barse, Clark, and Braley (1917: 1-11) discuss a site at which they recently completed work, the purcell site, located along the south bank of the Magothy River in Anne Arundel County, which includes a midden dating to the Little Round Bay phase of the Late Woodland period. The authors then compare data between their site and the previously-mentioned Obrecht site in order to arrive at some specifics with regard to settlement and subsistence strategies for this time period. Data from the Purcell site are seen to support Wright's two suggested settlement types for the Little
Round Bay phase (Wright 1973). The authors put forth a third possible settlement type for this phase on the basis of evidence from the discovery of an interior hunting camp along Gwynn Falls. Conclusions reached in their analysis include two important points: 1) more sites are needed for comparison and 2) floral and faunal remains need to receive more attention than they have in past analyses. Archaeologists would do well to heed the authors' final remarks: "The Purcell site represents but one small part of the total picture and the above settlement-subsistence pattern needs to be tested and revised by more detailed studies" (Barse, Clark, and Braley 1977: 10). It would seem that as Ear as Phase I surveys go, very little in the was of an explicit statement of research design (not to be confused with research strategies and methodologies) is offered in the reports submitted to the state. As the purpose of the Phase I efforts is to determine the extent, integrity, National Register eligibility, and general research potential of a site, a larger research framework is not always in existence at that time. Taking somewhat of a long view; however, it is hoped that by considering how data gathered from the College Creek site in subsequent phases of investigation will contribute to broader local and regional comparisons and explanations, that the site's long-range potential for facilitating interregional comparisons and contributing to a better understanding of prehistoric lifeways in general is fully appreciated.
Potential Research Questions Future research questions may concentrate on what is now seen by man7 as the traditional systems approach to archaeology
(Hodder 1985). Questions of how the College Creek Site (18AP46) integrates with the systems ecological approach, ideas of trade, settlement pattern, and seasonality may all be addressed. These are all worthy questions and have been traditionally of great interest to prehistoric archaeologists. Many researchers have suggested expanding questions to incorporate the importance of the individual as an active agent in cultural change (Hodder
1986; Shanks and Tilles 1987: Miller 1985). Humans are social creatures that structure the world around them. In any cultural
27 context, their actions are not always practical, efficient, or logical. Human beings are actors in the evolutionary arena and are real historical entities who participate actively in social and cultural change. The individual has a choice, to maintain tradition or promote change. Sizes, trpes and variability of sites are part of human choice. Unless a larger sample of material goods are retrieved from the College Creek site (18AP46), it cannot be known if the social and cultural behavior of its occupants conformed to the general patterns of the behaviors found at the sites of other shell middens during the Late Woodland. Behavior at the site may be anomalous to the other sites, with new and innovative changes taking place. Other questions of post processual interest might include analyses of variability as it relates to social relations. Patterning or variability of design attributes on specific artifaots or within groupa of artifacts, or within an assemblage of artifacts reflects different coherent underlying perceptions within a socio-cultural realm (David et a1 1988: 378). The interrelatedness of artifact design or artifact assemblages is a prime index of group formation and relations of power and domination (Handsman 1988). These indexes of group relations-are preserved in the archaeological records and can reflect sociological variability. These studies of style indicate implicit interaction (Plog 1983), or explicit interaction (Wobst 1977). BY studying pattern and design of material goods or patterns and variability of material goods. ideas of the acceptance or relection of the existing social order may be realized (Handsman 1988). Standardization of artifacts, such as pottery, and features such as dwellings, have been realized to be the product of the
acceptance of the social order (David et a1 1988: 378). When the traditional ways of life are abandoned, so is the social order. This can be reflected in the variability found at archaeological sites (David et a1 1988). Material culture design attributes, patterning, and variability in the archaeological record can be deciphered as messages which were transmitted either implicitly or explicitly within a social and cultural realm. What should be important in the analysis of the College Creek site is more than the traditional systems approach to archaeology. Research has proven that other questions pertaining to the importance of the individual and individual choice are viable avenues to approach the archaeological record and analyzing variability. Also, material culture studies have
indicated that the goods are more than objects within a system of behavior, but rather they contain a symbolic quality which can create and reflect ideas of power and social domination within groups. Both of these ideas can be examined at the College Creek site when examining the material goods from a larger sample of artifacts as well as comparisons between other Late Woodland shell middens within the Chesapeake region. This type of research has proven to be an interesting way of interpreting archaeological remains in a contact and prehistoric context along the east coast of the United States (see Handman 1988). Methodolopv The objective of the College Creek survey was to assess the presence/absence of archaeological resources in the project area
from a representative and systematic sample. If archaeological remains were found, their limits would be determined within the project area as well as cultural affiliation, function of the site and possible significance (see McNamara 1981: 8-9). The shovel Test Pit (STP) survey for the College Creek area
was performed from May 13, I987 to May 20, 1987. The interval between transects was 10 m and each STP within the transect was
placed at 5 m intervals. The close spacings of each STP was due to the high sensitivity of the area. Each transect ran in a northeast to northwest direction, parallel to Rowe Boulevard.
They were numbered 1-9 with transect 1 being the closest to College Creek and 9 being the closest to Rowe Boulevard.
Transects 9a and 9b were placed to the northeast and southwest of
transect 9, and shovel tests were placed 5 m from each other. This was performed in order to define the limits of the site. In total, 177 shovel tests were dug. Shovel tests will be referred
to by their transect and shovel test number (i.e. 1.4, with 1 being the transect number and 4 being the STP number (Figure 6).
Each STP was excavated with a shovel to subsoil, which was an average of 45 cm below surface. The removed soil was then troweled through, according to strata, for artifacts. The
artifacts were bagged according to provienence (i.e. 4.6). All recovered artifacts were processed and stored at the "Archaeology in Annapolis" Victualling Warehouse lab, located at 77 Main
30 Street, Annapolis, Maryland. Processing consisted of the washing, labelling and cataloging of the artifacts. .
urn wr-m ...... : f.I . . .,"
. - .- . . ..
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Y m m h U
a '- m a 4 d 0 U
P FIELD INVJ3STIGATIONS I Transect 1 began 30.48 m (100 ft) mrthw2st of the banks of College
Creek atd is in the mxtheastem most section of the impact area. A total of four STP's were excavated in *-t 1. The topsoil for these STP's mnsis- ted of a dark humus layer (10 YR 3/1). This layer was dug to an average I~ depth of 9 an below surface (b.s. ) . The second layer was a medium brown loamy sard ranging from an average depth of 9 m b.s. to an average depth of 17 cm b.s. The third layer was a yellow bm (10 YR 5/6) sand that was considered sterile. This layer was excavated to an average depth of
43 an b.s. No cultural material ms fourd in this transect (Appzdix I).
mansect 2 lzgan 10 m southwest of transect 1 and 30.48 m (100 ft) from the mter. Five shovel tests were excavated and in general, three layers me found. The first Layer was characte5zed'as a black hurrols layer (LO YR
3/1) with some roots. It was excavated to an average depth of 6 cm b.s.
Tk second layer was characterized by a brown (1W 3/4) loamy sad, 4 was excavated to an average depth of 14 m b.s. The third Layer was a yellow brown (10 YR 5/6) sand that was dug to an average depth of 29 cm b.s.
No cultural remains were recovered.
Wansect 3 was start& 10 m southw2s.t of transect 2 d 30.48 m (100 ft)
£ran the wter. The shovel tests contained three layers. The first lay= was a black humus (10 YR 3/11. It was eucavated from ?he surface to an average depth of 7 cm b.s. layer tm was excavated to an average depth of
15 cm b-s. and was characterized by a brown (10 YR 3/4) loamy sand. Layer three was a yellow brown (10 YR 516) sand 'chat was found at 15 un b.s. an3 excavated to an average depth of 37 cm b.s. No cultural remains were found along this transect. Transect 4 was started 30.48 m (100 ft) from th~water's sdge 10 m southtest of transet 3. Eight STP's weexcavate3 along tkis transect, and all eecharacterized by three layers of soil. The first layer was a black hurrols layer excavated from the surface'cc 7 an b.s. The second layer is a dark brown (10 YR 3/3Z sardy lm ard was excavated tD an aver- age depth of 14 cm b.s. The third layer was characterized by a yellow brown (10 YR 5/6) sand. Tkis layer was excavated to an average depth of
41 cm b. s. Nc cultural rains here found in this tramezt.
Wansect 5 began 30.'48 m (100 ft)west of College Creek and 10 rn muth- west of transet 4. A total of 19 shovel tests were excavated, each having three layers. The first layer is chac.terized by a black (10 YR 3/L) hms layer. It was excavted fm the surface to an average depth of 6 m b.s.
The sand layer was characterizd by a dark kown (10 YR 3/31 sandy loan, and was excavated to an average depth of 17 cm b.s. The third layer was characterize3 by a yellow brown (10 YR 5/6) sad and clayish d,ad was excavated to an average depth of 39 m bas. M cultural materials were un- covered in this transect.
mansect 7 began 10 rn southmst of transect 6 ard 30.48 m west of Col- lege Creek. Shave1 tests 7.1 and 7.2 had fow stratigraphic layers but all the remaining shovel test had three layers. Shovel tests 7.3 to 7.22 had a first layer which was a black hurrms (10 YR 3/1) topsoil and were excavated from surface to an average depth of 4 cm b.s. The -rd layer was char- acterized by a dark brown (10 YR 3/3) loamy sand and was excavatd to an average depth of 12 cm b.s. he tkird layer was a yellow brown (10 YR 5/6) clayish an3 was £0- at 12 an b.s. and was excavated to an average depth of 42 cm b.s. No cultural remains were unmvered during the testing i of STP's 7.3 - 7.22. The first 'cm STP's, 7.1 and 7.2, had a fourth layer I proMy caused by root activity. he first layer was a black humus (10 YR I
3/11 topsoil, excavated to an average depth of 4 cm b.s. The secord layer was a dark !xmn (10 YR 3/3) loamy sand, excavated to an average depth of
14 cm b.s. The third layer was a dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3/6) clayish sard, wavated to an average of 22 cm b.s. The last layer was a yellow brown sand, excavated to an average depth of 46 un b.s. No culluralmater- l id was retriwed from either SW.
Wansect 8 was startd *st of College Creek ad 10 m southest of tran- sect 7. There were 25 shvel tests excavatd, all of which ~0~tdIhdthree layers. The first layer was a black humus (10 YR 3/11 layer, excavatd from surface to an average depth of 6 cm b.s. The smrd layer was ex- cavated to an average depth of 20 cm b.s. and was characterized by a dark brown (10 YR 3/3) dyloam. The tkird layer was a yellow brown (10 YR 5/6) sand adwas excavated tm an average depth of 39 cm b.s. No cultural re- mains wemovered in this transect.
Transect 9 was started 10 m sou~st~oftmwect 8 ad 30.48 m west of
College Creek. mansect nine proved to ise the mst diverse of the transects, as it contained a propr.tionat@y large quanfity of cultural mkial.. The
STP for trmt 9 will k groupea ard descriked as follows: SPT's 9.2-9.8,
9.11, 9.13-9.34, 9.38, 9.41, 9.45, and 9.46 are generally the same as the rest of the surveyed area; STP 9.1 waa'ldiskurM; STP's 9.12, 9~25,9.36,
9.37, 9.39, and 9.42 seem to have ken disturbed by railroad activities: STP's
9.35 ad 9.36 are prt of a shell midden: and STP's 47-61 appear ta have M in a grated ad disturbed area.' For shovel tests 9.2-9.8, 9.11, 9.13-9.34, 9.38, and 9.41, 9-45 ad 9.46, the first layer was a black -US adwas excavated frcm the surface to an average depth of 3 cm b. s. The seed layer was a dark brown (10 YR 3/3) loamy d excavated to an average depth of 17 an b.s. The third layer was a yellow brown (10 YR 5/6) d evcavated to an average depth of 35 m b.s.
Thc artifacts recovere3 from these STPIS were rmstly ma1 clinker, oyster shell, an3 bog iron.
STP 9.1 had £ive layers. The first layer was a black humus layer, eu- cavated to 1 cm b.s The cord layer was excavated to a depth of 17 m b.s. ad was a dark bmwn loamy sand. The tkird layer was a red brown loam excavated to a depth of 21 an b.s. The fourth layer was excavated to a depth of 29 mn b.s. and was a dark brown loamy sand. The fifth layer was a yellow brown clayish sdexcavad to a depth of 46 cm b. s . A piece of a fire brick was fowd in layer W, tkis along with the red color of the third layer may indica- burning. Wer,the presence of coal clinker in the adjacent shovel test (9.2) in the corresponding layer, does suggest that this layer probably dams no earlier than the 19th century. The d-sition of dark brown sandy loam, red brown sardy loan, ad then dark brown sandy loam in a limited area suggests an area of quick deposition. This depsition appears to k related 'ca the construction of the railroad.
STP's 9.12, 9.25, 9.36, 9.37, 9.39, ard 9.42 all seem to have ken dis- tuxM by filling for the railraod. This fillin9 is repxesentd by coal, coal ash, clinker, and gravel. In all cases, the disturbance was found resting on subsoil at an average depth of 34 cm b.s.
STP's 9.35 ard 9.36 contain part of a large shell midden, frm which an unfinished -land projectile point was retrieved. The uppzrlayers of the STP's were a black (10 YR 3/1) hums layer, excavakd b an average
depth of 2 an b.s. W next two layers medistnu:M by railroad fill-
ing, ad were excavated to an average depth of 47 c~nb.s. The next layer
ms the undisturbed shell midden, which was excavaa to an average depth
of 79 an b.s. and rested on subsoil. The midden is ketween 30 -35 cm thick
at the center and fourd between 13 cm b.s. to 55 cm b.s.
Transect 9a an3 9b were excavated to determk the extent of the shell
midden. Transect 9a was started 5 m to tke northeast of 9.34 and continued
b the normst, four STP's were excavated. Transezt 9b was started 5 m to the southwest of 9.33 an3 continued rarthwst, five STP's #!re excavated.
The first layer in 9a and 9b was a black (10 YR 3/1) hurrols excavated to
an average depth of 4 an b.s. The next layex, in transect 9a was a dark
brown (10 YR 3/3) sady loam excavated to an average depth of 18 an b.s.
The second layer jn Wansect 9b was a black cinder excavated to an average
dep~of 28 an b.s. In 9a.1, 9a.4, 9b.2, and 9b.5, the third layer was
a yellow brown (10 YR 3/4) sandy clay subail. In 9a.2, 9a.3, 9b.2, 9b.3,
9b.4, the third layer was either a dark brown (10 YR 3/4) or black (10 YR 3/1)
dyloam asmiated with large amunts of shell. This layer was excavated
to an average depth of 47 un b.s. The fourth layer was a yellow brown
(10 YR 5/6) dyclay subsoil excavatd b an average depth of 57 m b.5.
The shell midden was found in 9a.1, 9a. 2, 9a.3, 9b.2, ad 9b.3. In tran-
sect 9a, the shell was not a5 dense and may represent one permneter of the
midden. We did not evcavate further south to detemLine that burdary, as it
ms kyod the area of -impact. The midden's size is at least 10 m wide and
15 m long.
STP's 47 - 61 were all excavated in a graded area. This is evidenced by the different fill lenses in each STp. The first layer of these was a black (10 YR 3/11 humus layer excavated to an average depth of 3 cm b.s.
The uderlying layers ranged from a dark brown (10 YR 3/3) clay to a black (10 YR 3/1) silty gravel. STP's 54 - 61 were stopped in progress when concrete was rached at an average depth of 16 cm b.s. IiESULTS
The akave was a general overview of the shovel tests exca~td.The
survey indicated several phemmma regarding the project area.
There is a high level of hmqd'ty of the soils in the College Creek area. For the project area we can conclude that there are in generd three layers of soil. The first layer is 'che A horizon, the sword layer
is the B bzizon, ard the tkird layer is the C horizon or subsoil. The
stratigraply which did not follow this general pattern were either dis- tncbd by pst 1850 activities or con-?ained prehistoric cultural deposits.
STP's 9.12, 9.25, 9,.36, 9.37, 9.39 ard 9.42 represent the filling of the 3, area for tk Baltimore ad Annaplis Railroad (Figure !n. In addition,
some portion of the project area was impactd by the concrete factory, as represented by STP' s 9.47 - 9.61 (Figure 8) , mer, there is ID evi- dence historidly or archaeologically tbat other portions of the project area were impacted by the concrete factory.
The project area is sensitive in terms of prehistoric remains as repre- sented by the shell midden found in STP'S 9.35, 9.'36, 9a.1, 9a.2, 9a.3, 9b.2, 9.h, 9 .b3, and 9b. 4 (~igure9) . A far as we auld ascertain, the rnidden was 10 m northeast - southwest ad 15 m mrthwest - southeast. The midden appeared to have exteded several mters farther to northeast or swthwest, but we did not test beyond the project area. In subsequent mnversation with Mr. Richard Hughes, it was confirm3 that our testing for the shell midden was adequate (R. Hughes personal cormmication to Paul Shackel, May
24, 1987). The shell midden has a -land phase cultural affiliation, as revealed by a rezwxced projectile pint, found at the interface of the shell dden & subsoil (~iwe10). Tine pint was a lavanna point made of quartzite (Rikchie 1980) "( pi- 11) . Figure 7. The surveyed area at College Creek. Scale 1": 40 meters. Circled STPs indicate area disturbed by filling for the railroad...... -...a . . ..-...... I.. , . ..- .,... .. -. ....- .. .- .*..- ...... - . . *- - . . -: .. .
A PI PI U U Ul IT - a 4 4 0 u - ;l u C cU a 4 * m x u m V1 c
YE:.z $ h 0 5 STP 9-38 9-37 9-36 9-35 9-34 Layer* 1. Blk Hm DkBr Sic1 Blk m Blk m BLk Hm 2. Dk3r SaLa Blk SiGr DkBr Lo Sa l%Br LoSa EkBr LoSa 3. YlBr Sa SiLo/Shell DkBr LoSa DkBr LoSa/Shell YlBr Sa 4. YlBr Sa DkYLBr LoSa/Shell YlBr Sa 5. YlBr Sa Key: * table of abbreviation can be found in shovel test smmq -- conjectural statiqraphy -- stratigraphy detemined. by STP /// Shell mund
Figure 10. A Conjectural Profile of the Shell Mund at 18AP46
note: By request of the M.H.T. this conjectural profile was drawn. Please note that all rreasuren-ents during testing were helm surface and therefore smminor ins-acies with the conjectural stratigraphy and exact elevations my exist. Figure 11. A Woodland Projectile Point. Given the location and probable cultural affiliation of the shell midden, l it was likely associated wkLh a larger base cap to which people return& after seasonal rounds. The shell midden was only a camp's refuse, thus the larger camp muld ke close to the midden, although it was undetected in this survey. ~~rnT0NS
After conducting a shovel test pit survey of the College Creek area, a Phase IT survey is recommded for the College Creek site, 1SAP46, to determine its National Register eligibilivy. Tkis is kause the developers of the allege Creek area pmpose to build a 200 rwm structure with an urderqmurd parking area. Such major developrent muld destroy approxi- mately 95% of the known existing site.
The known site is a shell midden, a result of the increased estuary ex- ploitation after the Ute Pxchaic. However, habitation sites are usually close t~,or adjacent to shell middens, but none me found in this survey
(Stepomitis 1980). mcavation of the College meek sik muld mt only increase our derstanding of prehistaric Lifeways, but would also help in the developnent of predictive settlement pattern maclel for the prehis- bric Chesapeake area. References Cited i Barse, William P., Wayne E. Clark, and Gerald N. Braley 1977 "The Purcell Site: An Exploration," Maryland Archaeologx 13/1: 1-11. Brush, Grace Celia Lenk, and Smith, Joanne S., ! 1977 The Natural Forests of Maryland: An Explanation of the ! Vegetation Map of Maryland. Prepared for the Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering. ! The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD ! I Custer, Jay F.. ed. 1986 Late Woodland Cultures of the Middle Atlantic Region. University of Delaware Press, Newark. David, Nicholas, Judy Sterner and Kodzo Gavau 1988 Why Pots are Decorated. Current Anthro~oloav,Volume 29, Number 3. Gilsen, Leland 1978 "Population Adaptation to the Chesapeake Bay: Estuarine Efficiency," Maryland Archaeology 14(1/2): 11-16. Handsman, Russell G. 1988 Re-writing the Archaeological Atlas on Colonialism. Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting for the Society for American Archaeology. Phoenix. Hodder, Ian 1986 Reading the Past. Cambridge University Press, London. I 1985 "Postprocessual Archaeology." In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol 8. Michael B. Schiffer, editor. Academic Press, N.Y. Humphrey, Robert and Mary Elizabeth Chambers 1977 Ancient Washington, American Indian Cultures of the Potomac Valley. George Washington University, Washington, D.C. Kirby, Robert M., and Matthews, Earl D. 1973 Soil survey of Anne Arundel County, MD. U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. On file at the Maryland Historical Trust, Annapolis, MD. Koski-Karell, Daniel 1981 "Report of Archaeological Excavations at Site 18AN449, Annapolis Landing Housing Development, Riva, Maryland," report submitted to the Maryland Historical Trust by Karell Archaeological Services, Washington. D.C. Maryland Department of National Resources Tidewater Administration Coastal Resources Division. 1979 Prehistoric Peoples of Maryland's Coastal Plain. On file at the Maryland Historical Trust, Annapolis, MD. McNamara, Joseph M. 1981 Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations in Maryland. Maryland Historical Trust Technical Report Number 1. Middletoo, Pierce 1954 The Tobacco Coast. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Miller, Daniel 1985 Artifacts as Categories: A Study of Ceramic Variability in Central India. Cambridge University Press, London. Papenfuse, Edward C. 1975 In Pursuit of Profit: The Annapolis Merchants in the Era of the American Revolution. 1163-1805. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, MD. Peck, Donald W. 1977 "Aboriginal Ceramics at the Obrecht Site (18AN113). Maryland Archaeology 13/1: 13-32. Plog, Stephen 1983 Analysis of St~lein Artifacts. Annual Review of Anthropologv 12:125-42.
Pogue, Dennis J., Wayne E. Clark, and Louise E. Akerson A Cultural Resources Survey of the United States Coast Guard Yard, Curtis Bay, MD. Volume I: Archaeological Investigations. Maryland Historical Trust Manuscript Series Number 17. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Historical Trust. Radoff, Morris L. 1971 The Old tine State, A History of Maryland. Prepared for the Hall of Records Commission, State of Maryland. Twentieth Century Printing Co., Inc., Baltimore. MD. Reps, John W. 1965 The Making of Urban America: A History of City Planning in the United States. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
Ritchie, W. A. 1980 The Archaeology of New York State. The National History Press, Garden City, NY. Russo, Jean 1987 College Creek Property. Manuscript on file at Historic Annapolis, Inc., Annapolis, MD. Shanks, Michael and Christopher Tilley 1987 Reconstructing Archaeolouv. Cambridge University Press, London. Steponaitis, Laurie 1980 A Survey of Artifact Collections from the Patuxent River Drainage Maryland. Prepared for the Maryland Historical Trust, The Coastal Resource Division, Tidewater Administration. Wilke, Steve and Gail Thompson 1977 Prehistoric Archaeological Resources in the Maryland Coastal Zone: A Management Overview. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Energy and Coastal Zone Administration. Wright, Henry T. 1973 An Archaeological Seuuence of the Mid-Atlantic Region. University of Michigan Papers in Anthropology 20. Anh Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Wobst, Martin H. 1977 "Stylistic Behavior and Information Exchange." In Papers for the Director: Essays in Honor of James B. Griffin. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Anthropological Papers 61, pp. 317-42. YES CIEC
L850 .U1 Hallows Parish. mHR+186.
1978 heAnmdel County. On file at the .-land Hall of Remrds
1878 Hopkins .Yap ?f the City of -4rmaplis :XDHR+840
1846 Chart of Annaplis. Foun6ed upon a Trigonmetric Survey un&r the direction of G. ?I. Bache, Sqerintendent of the suxxey of the Coast of the Unit& States. On file at the !!!land Hall af Recorck, .Annaplis, Mo.
1966 General Highway :?fa?. Tinn hrundel Comty, IYD ~~t1124
1962 General Highway Map. Sheet A: Anne ?.nmdel County, Maryl&. .IDHRS1123.
1962 General Highway Anne .Wdel CounQ, Maryland MD~#1119.
1962 General Hiqhway :%F, Anne Anmdel Cuunty, ~YarylandMDHR#1122.
1962 General Riqhwzy .?lap. Sheet 9: Anne ksmdel County, Maryland LmHR#1121.
1950 General Hiqhway .+!a?. .me hrundel County, :Maryland. :YCfmS1127.
1950 Ceneral Hiqhway ~%p. .%me .Arundel County, ~Xaqland. ?re- by the .-land State mds Corrmission, Traffic Division. .YDHRd l89.
192; General Yiqhway -%yap. Anne .kundel CounFi, .?layland. ~W1DHR%1118.
1907 ~MarylmdGeological Survey .Yap of meSrundel County, showing tcmraphy and election districts. .WloHRi:640.
1834 Yap of Amaplis. Photocopies of hand done mp. Lists public and private building. Gift of Pecer H. .%ruder. On file at the ,MaqlanC Hall of .9ecorSs.
193: Yqland Geolcqical Sm~ey.Yap of Anne P.rm.&l County sbing tcFography and election Zistrids. On file at the ?.laryland Hall of Recur&.
1949 Smas 1931 Map. MOHX4634.
1907 .-land Geolwical Survey L%p of Anne Arundel County, showing topography and election districts. .hiDHR+439. 1913 .%po<.inneArundelCclmtl,, .Yarylmd, sb.mi'1qthe fcrest areas by,cmatercial *s. ?repred by F. ki. esley, -land Board of Foresting. :+fDHRi:l90
1960 .menet Atlas. Map of Anne .x~-mdel County, ~Harylanc, pre- -red by ShnJ. Marknet of Saltinnre. MDHRiIl87.
1916 ,Nap of ?me Arundel County, sh~li~ggalogical forrrations. .IDHRil668.
1937 .?Qp of non-taxable property in ?r.ne .-del County, prepxed by the ~MaqlandState Foads Corrmission in myration with the Cnited States Eepa-nt of Agriculture, aureau of Public %a&. .WHR#516.
1954 Sanimrn Yap Capmy. Insurance Map of Annaplis, Marylan-2, ir.cl&inq West haplis, Eastpoyt, South River Park, Edgewater. On file at the Maryland Hall of Recurds, Anndplis, LXaryland.
1930 Sanborn .Yap Campany. Insurance mp of Annapolis, .Mayland, including West Annapolis, Eas-rt, South River Park, Mgma'cer. On file at the ~XarylandHall of 3ewr&, Annqolis, .mryland. n. d. southern mp Company, mp cf .nnaplis. On file at the -land 3all of .kcor&, .Amap3lis, .Maryland.
1894 Dlat to acconp3any the comnissioners .%-rnrt of the Survey and givision of the 3eal Estate (of the late Xilliam Z. ,Ssarter of the 1st aistrict, .%me .Xrm&l CounQ) fro^. .me .kxndel County iequief papers) :I628 iiilliam >!Carter vs. Amie V. a..WHR$3 18.
1876 Secune &strict, hemdel County. Inset of Horn ?oint. .mm+749.
1937, State of Wland. IncLcates Federal and State mmed property. 1946 .YDHR+516.
1949 Unite2 States Geological Surve:! Yap of heAmidel County, showing topgraphy and election c3stricts. .YDHR+lll7.
;924 Unite2 States Geological SmyYap of heArundel County, shuwing towraphy and election districts. MDHR:426.
- .%qland Hall of RecurZs Feference fimker
52 ?SCTCGRAPHS
1888-89 Photograph of Bladen Street Station and College Creek. On file at the Maryland Hall of Remrds, Warren Collection $261.
Zarly Aerial view of Annawlis. On file ~+kcyland iiall of 1950's .Records, Warren Collection $53.
Late Aerial vim of Annap7lis. On file at the Maryland 1950's Hall of Records.
POSt Aerial view of immpolis. On Eile at.Naryland Hall of 1972 Petards, Warren Collection -13707-9.
. . mdixI. Site Form MARYLAND ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE SURVEY
N.JIIBI~111 ,111. LO]lege Creek NU~~I~.1~fiP4b
Othcr How to reach site West on Rme Blvd. to the Maryland Hall of Records, (MHR) make a right into the MHR's parkingllot, Walk from the parking lot east through woods to site. 1.1nd1narkslo aid in finding sitc MHR, Col lege Creek. I t is between the .I i~kfence and the Rai l Road tracks in the woods. f'usnllon irl rile wlrh reslrecr tosurrounding terrain 50 meters south of Col'lege Creek, 100 meters east of HHR parking lot. 0 Lat~tude " north. Longitude wert. (or distancc lrom printed edge of map: bottom edge 50 - 5 cm& ; right.edge 44. 5 1 ~apused (name, producer. scale, date) U. 5. G. S. - mnapolis , L :.2 400 0 Ownerlter~antof site, address and wtituge toward inuertigation Naval Academy. Annapolis MD-:pas l t i ve , *-"-- Description ol site (size, depth.-soi1,featurer. test pits) -. "-*.,...... The site is at least 10 meters wide and 312 meters long. 15 shovel te's~pits were excavated, ranging in depth from 50m%o .tWcm. The site consistwsof a large shell midden with its longest axis parallel with CollegemCreek- Present use a4condition of site. erosion Exce 1 lent. Reports or evidence of disturbance by excavation, construction or "pohuntirg" None. Nature. direcr~onand dirlance of natural water supply (fresh or salt1 50 meters south of College Creekbrackish Naruri'llauna Deciduous trees, ferns, pol son ivy. S~ctna!tncullaxred (specily ktnds and quantities of artifacts and ~tsriaIS\ Oyster she1 I, projectile point (Madison-unfinished). Specamens observed. owner, address Smlrnens reported, owner, address Other records (not-. photos. maw., bibliography1 Recornmendarions for further investigations Futher investigation necessav. Informant Addrsrs Date l~:-:r:-> Site V~S,WI by Pau 1 Shackel Dare Record* by Paul Shackel Addr-6 194 Prince George St. oars 5-20-87 (Use reverse srde of sheet and add~lionalpager for sketch-of rite and artifacts) hnapol is HD, 21 401 M Send completed form to: State Archeologist. Maryland GmlaQical Survey The Rotunda. 711 W. 4Gth St.. Baltlmore. Ma. 21211 Apzrdix 11. Shwel Test Surr~nary 5xlMwwf OF SHOVEL TESTS Test No. Bpth (an) Soil Description Fjndinys 1.2 1 0-7 Blk Hm 2 7-11 bH13rSaLo 3 11-42 Y1 Br Si Lo 2.2 1 0-6 Blk Hn 2 6-15 PH Br Ia Sa ? 15-35 Y1 Br Sa Lo 2.3 1 0-6 Blk mr~ 2 6-10 Md Br fo Sa 3 10-35 Sa 2.5 1 0-6 Blk Hm 2 6-15 Br Lo Sa 3 15-47 Y1 Br Sa 3.1 1 0-6 Blk Em 2 6-15 Md Br La Sa 3 15-40 Y1 Br Sa Test No. La> Depth (0) Soil Description Findings Blk m Dk Br Si Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk Hm Soil Description Findings Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Yl Br Sa Blk hh Dk Br Sa Lo n Br Sa Blk Hm Dk Br Sa La Yl Br Sa Blk Hrn Dk BX 53 Lo Y1 Br Sa Blk Hm !3k Br Sa Lo Y1 Br Sa Blk rn LkBrSaLo Yl Ex Sa Test No. Depth (ad Soil &scription Findings 5.14 Blk m Dk Br Sa La Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Yl Br C1 Sa 1 0-4 Blk MI 2 4-20 Dk Br Sa Lo 3 20-39 Y1 Br C1 Sa 1 0-5 Elk % 2 5-20 Dk Br Sa La 3 20-42 Y1 Br C1 Sa 1 0-7 Blk Ifin 2 7-18 Dk Br Sa Lo 3 18-40 Y1 Br C1 Sa TestNo. Layer Soil Description Findings 6.9 1 2 3 Blk Fh Dk Br Sa La Blk Hln Dk Br Sa Lo Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk h Dk Br Sa LC Y1 Br CL Sa Blk Hm Dk Br Sa LC Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Yl Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Y1 Br C1 Sa Elk m Dk Br La Sa Rt Dist Yl Br Sa SDiL Description Findings Blk h Dk Br La Sa Dk Y1 Br C1 Sa Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk rn DkBrmSa Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk m Dk Br La Sa Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk Hm Dk Br Lo Sa Y1 Br Sa Test NO. -Layer Depth (an) Soil Description Findings 7.19 1 0-7 Blk RII 2 7-15 Dk Br Sa La 3 15-4 3 Y1 Br Sa 7.21 1 0-4 Blk Em 2 4-11 Dk Br Sa Lo 3 11-40 Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk m Dk Br Lo Sa 8.1 1 0-8 Blk Rm 2 8-26 Dk Br Sa 'ta 3 26-37 Y1 Br Sa 8.3 1 0-8 Blk Hm 2 8-27 Dk Br Lo Sa 3 27-40 Y1 Br Sa 8.5 1 0-7 Blk Hm 2 7-21 Dk BX LO Sa 3 21-40' Y1 Br Sa Test No. Soil Mcription Findings 8.7 Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Y1 Br Sa Blk Em Dk Br Sa La Yl Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa La Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa Lo Y1 gr Sa Blk h Dk Br Sa i3 Y1 Br Sa Blk Ehn Dk Br Sa Lc Y1 Br Sa Blk fhn Dk Br Sa Ia Y1 Br Sa Test NO. Iayef Bpkh (an) Sail JXzxription Findings 8.21 1 0-4 Blk Fh 2 4-18 Dk Br Sa lo 3 18-45 Yl Br Sa 8.24 1 0-4 Blk Hm 2 4-17 Dk Br Sa Ia 3 1742 Yl Br Sa 9.1 1 0-1 Blk Hm 5 L 1-17 Dk Br Lo Sa Fire Bk 3 17-21 Rd Br ID 4 21-29 Dk Br La Sa 5 29-46 Y1 Br C1 Sa 1 0-3 Blk l-h 2 3-30 DkBrLoSa mmlT 3 30-45 A Y1 Br Cl Sa 1 0-3 Blk Hm 2 3-24 Dk Br Ia Sa 3 24-41 Y1 Br C1 Sa 1 0-2 Blk m 2 2-17 Dk Br Lo Sa 3 17-42 Y1 Br C1 Sa P Test No. sayer Soil &?scription 9.7 Blk Hm DkBrTnSa Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk m Disturkd Soil Y1 Br C1 Sa & Dk Br Lo Sa Dk Br Lo Sa Y1 Br C1 Sa Blk m Disturbed Soil CI Clk. Yl Br C1 Sa & Dk Br Lo Sa Dk Br Lo Sa C1 Clk. Y1 Br CL Sa Blk m .Xd Br la Sa Blk C<-A Dk Br Lo Sa U: r Sa Blk m Dk Br La Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Lo Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Lo Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk 13r Lo Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Ia Sa Y1 Br Sa B 1, Test WJo. I '9.18 Blk m Dk Br ix, Sa Yl Br Sa Blk m Ek Br fa Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk Ihn Dk Br Ic Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk Hm Dk Br Sa La Y1 Br Sa Blk Hrn Sa and C1 ash Yl Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Lo Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk I-h Dk Br Sa Lo Y1 Br Sa Blk Hnl Dk Br La Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk Hm Dk Br La Sa Y1 Br Sa Test Soil 'Description Findings - Layer Depth ' (an) - Blk Ihri Dk Br Lo Sa Y1 Br Sa Blk m Dk Br La .% Yl Br Sa Blk m Dk Br Sa La Y1 Br Sa Blk m C1 Clk Dk Br Sa ID (Dist) Dk Br Lo Sa Sh Md Oyster Shell Y1 Br Sa Blk Fh Dk Br la Sa Dk Br Lo Sa Dk Y1. Br La Sa w/w 3, Y1 Br Sa C1 Clk 2 R.R. Sp. Bn Wd, Sh Blk Ihn Dk Br Sa LC Y1 Br Sa A distwbd area pssibly excava- for a Br G1, C1 Clk, telephone pole oySh Blk m Md Br Sa C1 Cl Clk, Gr Lr Fr Y1 Bs Sa Soil Tescripticm Phdmgs Blk mi Ek Br Sa C1 MBrBrCl Gr Yl Br Sa Dk Br Sa Lo/Blk Lo Cy Sh, C1 Y1 Br Cl ,Sa Blk m Y1 Br Sa C1 Blk h I43 Br Sa Lo Y1 Br Sa Blk m YL Br C1 Sa Y1 Br C1 Sa Dk Br Sa la Pbls Y1 Br Sa C1 Dk Br Sa C1 Blk Hm Y1 Br C1 Sa Br Frs Y1 Br Cl Sa Blk Hm Y1 Br C1 Sa Cinders Y1 Br Sa C1 Dk Br Si C1 Y1 Br C1 Sa Mtr, Br Fg. Dk Br Sa Lo Mtr Blk Si w/Gr Y1 Br C1 Sa wt No. Depth (ad Soil rescription Dk Br C1 Concrete Lk Br C1 Concrete Dk Br C1 Concrete 9b.2 1 0-20 Dk Bs LC Sa Md Crm 2 20-31 Blk Cdr. Br Bt Gls 3 31-34 BLk Jn Sa 4 34-52 BLk Lo Sa Sh Md 5 52-65 Y1 Br C1 Sa Test No. uyer i%pb (an) Soil &scription FWgs 9b.4 1 0-4 BLk Hir~ 2 4-28 Blk Lo Sa w/Cdr C1 Clk 3 28-46 Dk 'Br Lo Sa 4 46-55 Dk Br La Sa ShM 5 55-72 Y1 Br Sa 1 0-16 Dk Br Lo Sa C1, C1 Clk, Dy Sh 2 16-25 Blk Lo Sa w/C1 Cdr C1 Clk 3 25-54 Y1 Br C1 Sa Colors Soil Typs Dk - Dark m-Humus Md-Medium s-w Y1 - Yellow C1 - Clayish Rd - Red la-laam Blk - Black Si - Silty BC - Bm Rt. Dist - RWt Disturbance Gr - Green Mtl - rretal Fg - Frawnt (s) C1 - coal Clk - Clinker PC - Pie= w-w Ir - Iron Cn - Cinder G1 - Glass Sh - Shell Md - Midden Wd pr pt - Wandprojectile mint R.R. S1, - Rail Raad Spike . Bn Wd - Burned Wd Br - Brick Mtr - Wrtar Md Crm - Modern Ceramic Appendix 111. Deeds College Creek Property Parcel 1: Corner of Taylor Avenue and Annapolis Street 18711320 6!1955 Naval Acad~nyAthletic Association tc united States cf Ansrica -.,reel 3 1 of JJH 207!150, 8/14!1939 lses parcel Qj (excrpr .072a:res to state Roads Ccmmisaion, FSR 120/16?, 1534) auhject rc 3 easrmen:a tc Baltimre Gas & Electric Stare Roads Ccmrissicc Annapclis Kftropclitan Sewerage Com:ission Parcel 2: Corner of Taylor Avenue and Roue Boulevard -L.7','-'3?2 . 5!?,'1?5P t!lrzl Acade~yi~b?otic As5~~ia:i~~ trustees tc 5:-:a cf Xaryland, for use of Boarhof Public 'Jerks SAC pis: f22739 3.152 part 2: JHE 2011150, 8/14;'1935 [set par-21 4: Parcel 3: Old Railsoad Right of Way '7C "f'< .>,,L+?,j . - .. ... , 3alxinsre 2nd innap-115 Railr-a6 Czmpa'y an: . tz.2 Szr3;oli: Czncre:+ Ccrpany :c State of Yarylan? f?r Scar' of Tuhliz YCZ?? F:" zf Uzshinq:c?; 921:i?.?r$ 2r.d Arnapclls ?.?ilrc:s L . . :;aryl3cd T_'eve:::::er.t and Rfalty C:. t3 Se!:i:?rt aci An?a;,ili: 2a:lrcari. 3;12:1P38. !$I! 17Si137, ;arcel 2 3x5 Far: cf x.:~~~*---,.. rc 3a:~inort 2nd 4z?apclis F.2ilrcz?, 8/1C'!1335. FA? 142/333 . . * bsqrxnlc; a: irt~rsec:ior, 3f rich: of way linc cf Rew; Bscla?ard vi:h secgnd ;arcel of J9F 207!?59 FA:: 1'BI 2/22/1535 Bashinctor, 9zl~I:ore and Annapelis ELeccric RailrczL & 137 Maryland Ee-.-e13p~ent an? Realty Ccn~any to Saltizcre a-d Acnap?:s Railrcad Company psrcel 5: 3 lcts Setvten Cclleqc Cree!: and Xect Ax::apclir G$ 54'131 2.'27!190? Chrrles & lazy Colzba. Yaine tc Xaryland 3evel3prenr & Realiy Cmpany GK E'Q!25r) 7/?7/?50: ----- tc Yaryland 3evclcpcznt & Realty Cc~pary CW 51115E 5!13/1908 D. Randall :c Haryland Devzlopzent L Rea?ryCea~?.zy -. : *'"l"< :zcs:res Lcarles Czcnbs --, .: -2 := dlttc iittc 51.33 acter cn and near College Creek "ice . A< --,. .A- . L - -.L1?4!lEY5 Ctzrlss Rekse to Annapolis & Baltincre Shcrc Li~.e see belaw and 9:?i!Z?7 Zrszph ?.ick=r at a1 tz Bal:ia-r~ an? Annapclis Shs:t Lice !I SH ?$:a31 5!??/L:S5 chzries Rerse tc Annapolir & Ba1:iccrz Shcrt Sine =x:=;:: FSB 5i!425 !?arjl:ni Pss~~cF~E':~3 hvuis-5~::" sez helow FSR E3/ZS7 Yarj~lanfi3e:tl:p~zn: :c State cf larylan?. 3 lazi raker rz c~lzrgfTaylor Ivencs tc stezdar5s of -.:a:: '~=::ix:y stri; C' 3::~; ::Ic!: of ra:lrozi S~tweenr.?rtt! s:de ?f CzL1;:e-1 - -'? Cre+L an: 5~9th:icv 2: Icr sol2 5p USA :a ?.nna~olis2 Zal:::": cL*..- : >,Jb.,. A-...... k '..-. 2: j . ,'.;hr. 2 Stellz :?ll$:n t:. tz 531t1:i3;* aP. L~T:~;c~:s Slilrc~iCc?:any . . 3:: a ral:~"?..! cccrti:u-.i?.;l ?:';iz:-n -f Wzsil?::~:. YaT:=:cr~ ant A?aa>c!i? Railrcal kccr: 2s .:naz~ciir ~h-.~-..+. ;i-A fro- 9lad-n Stz::;n rc 7cint :: .:r r,::r Shipley, 3a:yl:rd - .;. yc f$'Pll^'C:z 5,/g/1935 zqt::> %'"'C..l>-i 2. E. Duvall Cc., Inc. . VBtA Electric Fsilrczi FAX 132'330 Slli!?$?5 T-gis S. Scrgfr, rrus:ec :a Jc!~r eiison jr. Parcel 4: Rowe Boulevard and College Creek 207!150 8/14!1?39 Annapolis Acres, Inc. to Navy Athletic Association 4 tracts in Pest Annapolis parre1 a: 17.029 acres parcels a-c parcal 5: 4.278 acres from FSR 53!422 pzrcel c: parcel d: 33.34 acres ncr rclevznt FSR 553125 6;13/1925 Karylans Development and Rezlty Comcany tc 3asis-S:::h Sezlty Cor~orz~ion 12/18 intrrest frcx Gc 59/18! 2::s interrar frx GK 60!250 4/18 interest frot GV 51!456 GF 514'151 2.'17!190? Charles Sr ?!ary Cqoabs, Main? to Maryland l?e;el~gn~nt < three parcels third parcel: 81.3: Ztras :n ani near College Cree? cc C3o~bsfro!? G\? 53/1 4/18 GX 54/25 3/18 GY 53/13 2/18 GW 54:85 1/13 GV 54/56 ' 2!18 95 29/<3i cet I all ;art of Sclcv . :j .1 a-,, . ".-l.~ -.--- =t by ":?I of Jcsep:? Ric:-:rr,Xzinr tc C::=:-l=s Ccc.kc. Maiae . 4 c,ax:a~r r - i "i way: 57' ;ii; yrct? t3 is ccllege Creek Iaca 5: 1<, El1+ - 5;LOi19:S Cnarl?s h Scsan ?.cesi. ?hilaisl?hia r3 Ancapclir & azltixore Shcrt Line Railrzad . , 7 .L-L-!s ;a Srrerc Ritzr op?-aite City 3f A:ca>:i:s: kno::~ as Dcrsey Enlar~gcand Ncrrwccd's Bcall: - tcqerher fquzl farn knc~nas StrawSsrry Hi::, 223 7'12 !except rwo percels scld to Gaited Stat-a of Arzrica: $ti 3!48Ct 57 acres an"E 9/40? 45 j/L5 ::rtz: ;IC i!411 5!12/136L Lewis Flery tc Charles Reesa bcok net at Courtnsuse ArcCircs r d~ad or YHf l:!liS 3/5!1854 Richard & Virgicia Eackbuin to Lewis Fiery, Parhiaqtcn county 2il of Dorsey Enlarged, known as Strawberry Hiii as Ter Fatefir t? George kackbuia, 3/14!l22S lihzr FGB %1/75, land offico patents an8 adjcicin; ?Toraoo."5 Beall, 33 7/8 acrer pzrt 3f bIBG 7:513 3/7/1859, I ?1orwsc?'s 5.31:: F!H~. 7!513 3/7:185> E-?~srdi Sc~LitSpzrta, 'onaihaz Pinkey, an? Gil5er: & Jar.? Conner agreement by Anne Pinkney. Zary Pinkney, Ellen Pinbney, Fdsard & Sophia Sparks, and Jonatha~Pinkney :o sell ?art of Nz~w~3d'sBeall to Gilbert Ccnnfr, 3/1!?954 180.5 acres, belonging to :heir father, Jonatlan ?ink::e)- jcn? :c Conntr tc con7;ay C~ecwhea purthzse mcney paii Acne, Ellzn i Eary Pinkney subsrquent?y sold shares :c Jona:hac, 1/L'!1859 Cocne: has a;reel ro sel: pzrt of sai6 propar:? tc Ei-hard ?la:k:bi: Ws5 :::f?O 9/20!152? P'-&-'.az\--,.-- Brcwer, Eichclaa Brewer Jr., 2n6 Gcor;e '~:2ckubbin 7!5:182i :hance!y :as?, Brever & Brevcr jr v. N::hcl?s, Squr:ier, Arnold, and Plnknay ?!crvocks Beall scl? by Jcnz:hac Pinkncy :z 4,:iz Sg-rriar tc John A-nsld To Yilliar I(ich3lls --=---,,.J;-..-<+.< brtvrcn 5ze%=r jr and Eackubbin ...94- tc Kackckbin zcylnni-; a: ztzne a: Szrr;a:e/Na boun?ary, s 2E.5'~ 39.34~;: TzB&'s Sanqf, s 76.5'e 220~c: ole poor --use lct c3rzer srons, 2 43'2 14~,5 f2'e 5~. :: 5:'~:I." ;c gece pest, :: 27.5's 4ua. c 7:.E.'b! -.-:cm -. -, , j F. t2 b ... .. l.7 r .: -;, : ; - c ,:: !, .,, 3 -, .w. . . -7- ., Lvh- J.2r;s & ?r:=c:i:z We;rs (:::dou sf J-b- E. .(=;-s: ?!ill$ < ro ::na:h:c .!:nL-ay 511 !-.:el r:;"$ rf :r:z::l;a :o l.!orvoc?~ Eezll ;::re;: . . zz.7 --,*,"- ..:.L.- ry Plntnfy and pzrt 4no-2 a: 8~:;~ ..Mrr:. .. .. E,,,.= c,A , ! -. 7=- L;s.:;hzr. Pinbne: tc :a;zs :ills ;Qr:lon of N3~v30s3~all in lie^ of ~CWE' 502 - I-.-,*~,+,,-,,-- nez n~zjof cove :n ?!zri?z3d's CZEB~a?= aijace?: tc Rccty Wect porticn WSG 2!311 7!15!12ii ?il.rhel:$ 3terizr, crvst5e for estate cf John 9. %rrr5, 7.1: Jonztban ?inknhy !: "??!1813 3ecrsc all ri:lc of Feera tc No:?0oi'z jeall property xcrtcaced tc Pinkney by Yeezs Nif 13/Z4J :,15.'180< John 5.. !?e%as co Jona:h~n Pizkney zarrgzgi of Ntrvzo5s Be2ll 6382 . =.3-, \--irz ::ary Pee? ;a:: sf Norwoode Beall 1502 DLY~:: T:x ~zriof Norwcods Beall , 450a Assesszen: L75! Ann Beal? part of Norwcods Beall 450a John Wzex pat: of Hc:woods Beail 1502 ?!zry Dsrsey, caugkter cf Richard and Elizabeth Bzzli ?licho?~onDcrsey, 3artied Jcho Weemr 2~ i;?~: ?i!ll,'i?15 Eliz3he:h rorsfy (wi3.3~3f Richard) anc Anne Ru:les?, iaugbrers and he:rs of Jokz Beail, tc ?ary Dcrscy. datchcer of EllzaSeth znt ceice of Anne -'cO= < ri Norwcods Bszli kncsn as Rocky !l~ck 2 r ,?id, .:. 11 ,:11- j <., -. --\ -. --, ??.r.n;..a~ a?- Aoi?? (r.ef Sfall) Ruc1ar.d to Aoct (3s:- 3orsey: Jsall - 211 rigk-s ?f 2-32 ?urlanff 73 Elorvccds Be!r51. de~is-ii hy 9&a?e Nichcls~ntc Ann; Porsey Beal? 7s ; ;-.,.,:, >,.:.? --,. . , -1Lzncel-: :arql?ts t: P.nne 5ezll all ri:hts tc Norwcods Beall, as r:u$tCE C1 >.XE Beal! iRu:la:;i) 51c, zcphev cf knc Sez?l R~tlzn2,5c~iz~; rights tc 7z0~crty10 IS si~ct;, Lnnz Dorsry, schsequen:ly =artfed B LZ-+..?. -- e 2 'n a . 3ta.l: Mlchcls:? 'arqce: i~ho?2 i: trust fc: Nichclscc 1: :.xi 3:??1 dlcc vltk~ath~irs _ I. ,.. .. 9etll, sglns:cr, to ianca?:t Jacques 2-nn 9~all 111 eatare, rezl zni personal, to v:fe Pli:i3z;b i !:~c!~G~sc:I 5,Reeky Ytck, ic wife dtring life -33 15tn t: s?n, Bea?~ jzhn Seal1 to nilliam Nichclscn Xilliar i!.ichslson married daughter Zli:ah:k 3cni to =en-ey 150a of ??orwco?s aeall, where Jorn 3sall 5wzllr. inovc as Rccky ?Iect, cc Ilic?:c.lszn ?e:er.rs ,, - -... ii Cchn 9eall, hy :irrut w-rrant 1/?7,'1:1S fcr roacrvey FL 4/3 C t h!cr~od, 230a IL R:?7? !cer:if::a:z Ir.take, lOOa Norv3od's ReC0'~-2ry 104a .- Pr3ct3r's Chance 303 Gattenby lOOa + .;scant lznd = 538a ke~~nningit locust ca s3a:h side of Sevarn and nerth s~eeof N3f%coa'S C~VB.with rivar several ccCr$es rz zo~t!. cf ?!orwoc?s Cr21k. with creek to irs heai 5y se;erzl courses, tc plne zarking ?!orwoci at ?lea? --.: A-..,.=e?:, sourheast 150 perchee, s 32' e 54p tc ;os: ci Sacd$zta (~rcgerryof Thomas Ecr??eyj, z !Ep :D oat as boun2 cf Told's Sange, s 74' e 225; ~c srzqc cn scuthsiee of brtcch, acres? bracci 2 -3' e 1a?,.se 8: to hfa2 of 9orsay Cree;:. v::h ::st!: so:eral courses alo~gsf~eral ccves :c . . ha:~nc~~:;cf Gactrlhy ialso Sound of Dorsey, Salcrqin; :o Blase? heirs!, with sane nw 33;, :her wez: ?55:, t5en ezat ncrtheaat 204p tc he?Q zi ??c:v~~'sC3ve. :ken otraigh: ilne to beginni?; Ncrwcod 2!8/1654 John ?!oru-cd :ac?ke 1/15/1650 John Eor\-sc: Ncrwcc6 RCCC~~YY 5/10!1686 An5rew !iz:?7oct 6/58/1659 Rcker: Pr~:;~r > ?rccter's chance r' Gat tf~5~ '.5/7/1659 1 Th$aa$ +::: .- . t: 5-n ?.ic"ri. ail ry far? nee: Annrgclia Z~LLE::! ,il+rqr.. Enlzrged, c,-rrzcnly kr.nwn 25 Strawkzrr:r Yill; :c hi- ten !+a:$ agc: deuiacd in fue si:.;:b fcr :&g2L :I[-* ,. - 1/10:.. ??t,n~: .;. -h, ---: 32:2nt :C Gr?r$e lackabbic ?n hasis $1 warrao: for ~r,5:!?5 resurvey granred to 4egh L Elizabftt Tho9~son 2nrsey ?.ni yzrr 3i NcrucoT's Seal1 -.., - tsa and 3cunds aa in NH 121309 zbovb VSE 13153: 3 Trcs:aez of rhf Poor 9f Rrna Arundel Ccxnry to Gd3--:e+ : ?la.;!;uki?. Dcrsey 2n5 ac-iti-nz r,scr:ey$5 f2r En:t and Zl::.=:.rh ,,:hc!3ps~n, Balr:scre, as Dorsey %laart??. kco~?ae Srraub=rry Hill 3: ?.$u:l :f kcrsev::S>:ig;s-. Crees. 3lc-q Se7er? t: T>-~:-.LL.... an's!Ncru:zl's CO?~:: hegC cf sa:.i, e 6?'i5" a 196 lerr5es tc -.=2c: ~n?ica:,? 2s kcucCt5 2:s: ;ci;n:ifi~d as hcruneary of Sprigg's land, s 81'15' ;- 2.:5 perches rcnn;ng t: :nclu?e 2-d z.92 13s: kcuakcr:- s ?j81!"e 50 >exchis 13 en? ci 'n 25' u 3;~' 1:::~ ;f *"'":?s',,-. 9 3ta11, 3' ' 2 4' 2 129 ; . - ; ,.:,- . - ' -. , .., .. : .: . , -...... -.- -- ., Carzc t: Trusrczs :f :n2 ??cr 2::sey. 53c:k sid zf Ar.n? ?.yocia1 [SE.;~::,! Xlver up risar f-r 123 prrck~zt: Freeran's Ccve. cg ::-:t t: ... lias " fijz c: C;?:. Jc'n Naruost, with W?rwc:L'? . . : SH -'J.. -.>.-;z!lkr ~c -I!:, 6::h ldn? zf T~c~.~? . c : cten :3 5e;lncinp 5Oa ',: ',: ,; '<$! :,:.. !.,-LC ."..,*-,=< >-- -, -. - .,,.,..hu >--s~y:z 3~::hz:C 5prl;; ,->c...... > ., :: Li '1C):jyy 6CI 2 .. >,-<=.L=-.. -...". Clr^..,., beg zr ~:ne 2 ~zln:, u3 :I:=: 120 ;rr;bts :: cn . . ;r;e:zn's e:!;e. up ~ZF~:c :lo+ ef lanc zf I.:;t. lot? licrwco:, rl:h za;c mw 204 perct=$ :c c?e ::: v. .', ---;. Ilr.:, ~1::. ?ti:::s Srtes :an< c: :re;), .... : rc becjlnnlnp 1: 1: 1 1 7 A'. I-, E?wzrd kcrsz? 3 1 ;:!:I l~cdnt:r ;.nna;ol:s calle5 Dorsey t: rlfs Hsnriatt~?!zria i-ee Chew! sni then :c :I?; dau$5c?rs ! - ." . . I-- r-.: r-.- 53 :'-7 -- . - .>- . -.. ,;. . 56 3:i JC?C ant gorc~~..-,.- ,c;z=t:.2 Peuz-, t3, cot3:ra of Jztn C2r;cntzr. :c ECward Porsey T3....L.l... i.^?l ...+ > .,-.. &-. -.r, sta:~; !:2ry and Dororhy, tzire as d~~~:y3.rc?sof ~ldes: brcrhcr, Tho~a? ?,.\.$ >, >-.. . 60:. 12:: in tke c:cup,:ti3~ 3: Car;c:;:o:. ,d-.--r>-* -L. KcrvccC an2 Gz:tzcbi, - -.--<...- 1h.43 u,-,...v~:.. . s!::. ,.;- -ti:;.22;?56t: fZr .:iv--- - .,sc::b ~IS: ?.an, 3.:::!eL u1.i.e: E.:uar- 3crr:;. frz Jcsepn. u. ?!sri' Ellictt and ,;33r i I?-rcih:' j,.--. ,..., =:: 15'3:&, !'751- ,A,:,:.. !I:ru:odz 9~1.~-. :;j!IL?l;:.j fcr :oh:: 3ea:l ?5Oa K~:!:?rt DCY$C? 4 Ellza$e:: 3~21~ h;n 5;::: & 3er:i '5.2. J.::;us? 6 '2: '17jf, i I: 7: --P'.-. -,...... -- .- -..-.F ic.w-r-Llf .- a---r,"*.-. zc 25~76 . , I.,.,. .,.,-...-.-,.-..r,- ,- frc. !.!Lll:::: 5l;i=? I,':!:::: : : .. :. -, , . ..,.. -, -- . . .. : .. .. 3 = L - . I;,: . ::2. ah?,. -. - ..... --.--,,.--...c: i ,,r::t i:2: Z?:==k::b EL?:: I ( m to State 1969 Right of Way Mdkvel/Davis-Sm ~~\ BEG 1/187 1Lyy7&ryNicholson Appzdix IV Maps and Photqraphs . ., . . ., -7 R. .. e 1834 Claude map (Historic Annapolis Map . ., -... . - . .I ...- -. Collection) . .._ I . . -I . : Shackzl, Paul A. 1986 Conspic~lousConsc~mptinn and c: ass Maintenance. Paper presented at the Society for American Archaeology Meetings, New Or1 ems, Loui si anal Apri 1. Shackel , Paul A 1996 The Creation of Individuality and Segmentatian in Anglo-Amerlca. Paper presented at thc Northeastern Anthrcpolcgical Anthropoloqica: Veetirgs, Su-ffalo, New York:. March. Shackel, Paul A. 1984 Artifact Pattern Recaqnition at the Nicoll House, Suffolk County. New York. ,Paper presented at the Northeastern Anthrop~logical As~ocia'tion Meetings Hartford C~nfiecticut, March 24, 1994 and at the Society +or American Archaeology Meetings at Fortland Oregon, April 14. 1984. SYMPOSIA CHAIRMANSHIPS: 1987 Co-chair with Barbara J. Little and Margaret Purser. Symposium on "The Meaning ~f Consumption: Ongoing Research in Historical Archaoolagy. " Society for American Archa~aloqyMeetings, Toronto, Canada, May. 1986 Co-chair with Barbara J. Little. Svmposi~;m on "The Cognitive Pas? : Ongoing Heszarch in Historical Archaeology." Society far American Archaeolegy Meetings, New Orleans, Louisiana, Rpr-i 1. Williams, Eileen :?97 Phase I Survey o+ the Proposed College Creek - Marriott Inn Site. Archaeology In 4nnapolis. On File at Historic Annapol i 5, Inc. , Annapol is, Wary1 and. Roulette, Billy Ray 1986 Excavations at Hancocks Resolution, 18AN169, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Archaeology In Annapolis. On File at Historic Annapolis, Inc., Clnnapol is, MD. Uiliiams. Eiieen 1 17-36 Excavations at 178 Frince George St, 16AF'78.! Anna~olis I Md. Yrchaeology In Annapolis. Cn Fi19 at Hictcric Annapolis, Inc. Annapol is, MD. Secreta, Patricia and Eileen Uill i am5 1996 Excavations at the Shiplap House, laAP50. 18 Pinkney St, Annapolis. MD. Archaeology In Annapolis. On File at Yistoric Annapolis, Inc., Annapolis, 3C. -,-hack:el , Paul A and Eileen 1Ji 11 iams :lY86 Excavations in St. Anne's Churchyard, 1SAP43, Church Circle, Annapolis, MD. Archaeology In Annapalis. On Fils at Historic Annapolis,lnc., Annapolis, MD. Hopkins, Joseph W and Williams, Eileen 1986 Excavations at The State House Inn. 18AP42, State Circis, Annapnl is, ME. 4 'Final Rep~rt.4rchaeology In Annapol i 5. On File at Historic Annapolis, Inc., Annapol i5, MD. TECHNICAL PAPERS: Mark P. I-eone and Paul A. Shackel lYRb Archaeology of Town Planning in Annapol is, Mar,fiand. Firdl Report ko the Naticnal Oeo,jraphic So~iet:!~ NGS Grant Number .3116-95. -~hack:el, F'aul A. 1.R86 Archaeological Testing at the 195 Main St. Site, 13 AP 44, 4nnapol i5, MD. Report the Archaeology In Annapolis Project. University of Marvland, College Park and Histcric Annaool is Tnc. ::Y54 C~~:t!-lral R~SOLI~CPS~~rvey cf the Rr~wer CrgSs Road Bridge Over Great '.!alley CI-eel:, Town at: Great Valley, 13attarugas Co~.!nty, New 'fork: (PIN 5751.733 . ReFort of ths Prchazo1;~gicalSurvev. azaten. Uni usrsi ty of New Yorl,: at Buff elo. Department of Anthropology. 1984 A Cultural resnurco Survev af the R~crte. Bridge Over Black Creek? Town of Stafeord, Genesee County, New York (PIIV 3034.-35). Report of the Archaeological Survey Volume 16 i.30). State University a+ New York at Buffalo. Department of Anthropology. 1784 A 1 iier,ource Survey r Tsylor Devic~5. Tonawanda Is1and, North Tonawanda, Ni agar3 County. New York. Repori: o-F the Archaeolugical Survev Valurne 15 (4). State University of New York at Ruffa1 o. Department of Anthrapology. 1984 A Cultural Resource Survey of Genesee Street Intersection with Ransom Road, Town of Lancaster . Erie County. New York, PIN 5512.19. Report of the Arrhasnlogical Survey Cslume 1& (3). Bt3te University of New 'fork at Buffalo. Department 04 Anthropoloqy. May 15. 1984 C~~l',~!ralResource Survey of Pipelines in the Vicinity of Farkhams .and Cottage Roads, Town gf Dayton, Cattarugas County, New York. Report of the Archaeologi.zal Survey Volume 16 (4). State University uf New Y~rkat Buffalo. Department of Rnthropology. February 15. 1994 A Second Survey of the Plumb House Estate. Report of the Town of Islip Archaeological Survey (84-1). January 1. 1983 A Survey of the Lower Quintuck Creek: In Search of ,the Original Rlicoll Homestead. Report of the Town of Is1ip flrchaealogical Survey (83-1). 1482 A Preliminary Report on a Partial Survey o-F the Hollins F'roperty: In Search af the Original Plicall Homestead. Report of the Town of islip Archaeological Survey. (YE-2). 1Y9? A Partial Survey of the Plumb Hoc~saEstate: In Search of. the Criqinal Nicoll Homestead. Report of 'the Town of islip Arrhaeolagical S~lrvey. (32-1). CONTRIBUTIONS TO TECHNICAL PAPERS: Sutkerbauqh, Kirk W. 19R4 Cultaral Hesqurce Survey of the BrocI::~ortSand and gravel Mining Area: Town of Clarendcn Crlsan County, New York. Report of the Archaeolugical Survey Volume lb (1). S,tate University of New York at Buffalo. department oi Anthropology. January 17. GRANTS, AWARDS, CONTRACTS . 'Testing in the St. Anne.5 church yarcl. (Administered thrnugh Historic Annapolis? Inc. ) . $ 7,859 F'hase 1 for the proposed site of construction of the Marriott Annapolis, College Crzek, Annapolis, MD. May, 1-87. (Administered thrcugh Histaric Ar;napolis, 1nc.i. :s 2.4.85 Phase I for the l.3ott~Court Area, Annapolis, Maryla~d. May, 1W7. (Adrnini~tered through Historic; An?apolis, 1nc. i . ACTIVITIES: P:esident - Anthropol~gy[Graduate As CP-chsirperson - Anthropglogy Graduate Student Seminar; 1994- 1935. LECTURES: May 12, 1R87 "The Importance of Archaeology at Church Circle, Annapolio, Plaryland. " Presented to the 'Vestry Commit'te of St. Anne's Church, Annapolis, Mary1 and. March 51, 1987 "An Analysis of Probate Inventorirs of the Eightzenth-Centurv Chesapcak~ Region: A Symbolic Interpretati~n." Fr~sented to Barbara J. Little's North American Arrhaeslogy Class. University of !Yarvland, Coil ege Park. !larch 23, 1987 "The Enlightenment in Historical Archaeology." Presented to the History Honar Society, Motre Dame Colleq~, Baltimore, EL!. :larch 5. 1987 " A Symbolic Interpl-etaizion in i,iistori~alArchaeol ~gy." F'rescnted tg Gr. Hark Leon@'!; Introdcictian to Grchae~Lnqyi:1ass. Uni,?ersit_v nf Maryland, Coll ege Farl,:. February 27, 1787 "Current Research in Annapolis." Presented to the Anne Arundel County Archaeological Assn., Annapolis, MD October !, 25, 1736 I "Graduate Training in Anthroaology." Fresentzd at Dr. Margarzt i NeL=on.= Graduate Seminar Class, Department sf Anthropulogv, I State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, NY. I November, b 1955 "The Development of Segmentation and Standsrdirati on in Society. " Presented to Dr. Mark Leone's Intro. -to Anthropology Class. University of Maryland, College Park. October, 15, 1985 "fin Introduction to Hiztorical Archaeology." Presented to St. Martins Elementary School, Annapol:s, PlD. September.9, 1485 "Historical Archaeology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. " Presented to Suffolk County Cornmunittee Calleqe, Selden, NY. July 7, 1984 "An Introd~lction to Historical Archaeology and the Nicall Project." Pr~sentedto Sachem High School, Lake Honkonkoma, NY. YT;rly, 12, 1983 "Progress on the Nicoll Excavation." Presented to the The Long Island Archaeological ProJect, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY. June 22, i98.7 ;'?he Nicoll E::cavation. " Presented to the 15lip Tawn Republican Club. Islip, NY. June 14, 1985 "The Nicoll Excavation." Presented to The Long Island Archaeological Project. State University of New York at Stony grook, Stony Rrook, NY. INTERVIEWED BY: Tcl evi s.i on and Radio Moody Broadcasting Network 9- 9-86 Annapolis Cablevision, Annapol is, MD Ch. 6 1-14-8& Cablevision, Prince George count^, Maryland 11:)- 1-85 WNYIT-Cablevision-Nassau County, N:Y. 3- 4-33 Czblzvision-8uf Coi k Caunty, ?.I. Y. 9-23-82 WLIW -TV. Sarden City, Long Island. N.Y. 3-20-82 WALK -Radio. Patchogue, Long Island, N. Y. 3-12-87 a- 15-g? WNRC -TV. New york City, N.Y. a-t 2-s2 WEBS -Radio. New York City, N.Y. 9- 12-87 WINS -Radio. New York City, N.Y. 9-12-82 WCTO -Radio. Smithtown, Long Island, N. \I. 8- 12-82 Newspaper5 The Capital, Annapolis, MD The Sun, Baltimore, MD The Capital, Annapolis? MD The Sun, Baltimore MD The Pub?ick Enterprise, Annapnl is. MD The Capital, Annapolis, ND The Capital, Annapolis, MD The Capital, Annapolis, MD The Capi tall Annapol i 3, MD Suffolk-Life, S~lffolkCounty. N.Y. Su.f+cllk County News, Suf+ol:: Courti., N.Y. New York Timer Newsday. Long Island, New York Sc~ff 01 k County News, Suf f 01 k: Coc!nty. N.'!. Newsday, Long Island, N.Y. L~n9Tsl and Pusi ness Suffolk Countv News, Suffolk County, N.Y. Graphic, Suf,folk County, 1N.Y. Sc~ffolk Life, SuCfol k County, N.". Central Islip News, Central Irlip, V.Y. ?Jew York Daily News, New york City? N.Y. hlewsdav, Long Is1 and, N. Y ,. REFERENCES Dr. Mark P. Leone Department of Anthropology Woods Hall University of Maryland College Park, Maryland Z01-454-6772 (office! 202-362-4088 (hame) Dr. Ezra 8. W. Z~brow Department of Rnthropal agy Amherst Campus Spaulding Quad State University of New York at Buffalo Amherst, New York 14261 715-a3 6-24 14 Dr. Ben A. Nelson Department of Anthropology Amherst Campus Spaul ding Quad State University of New York at Suffalo Amherst. New York 14.261 716-636-2414 Dr. William W. Stein Department of 4nthropology Amherst Campus Spa~lldi ng Quad State Universitv uf New York at Buffalo Amhers't, New York 14261 716-636-2414 Curriculum Vita for Eileen Williams Permanent Address Present Address I 511 North Rockglen Rd. 1504 Bolton St. Baltimore, MD 21229 Baltimore, MD 21217 947-3212 669-8237 EDUCATION Graduating in December 1987: B.A. Anthropology-University of Maryland, College Park. EXCAVATION EXPERIENCE September 1986-May 1987: Archaeology in Annapolis-Assistant Archaeologist. Supervisor: Paul A. Shackel, Ph.D. The responsibilities for this job were diverse, including artifact analysis for various historic sites, writing three site reports for past excavations, and sundry administrative tasks. Also,-during the month of January, 1987, I supervised the excavation of an historic site in downtown Annapolis, this included the excavation of early 18th century deposits. Project Director: Mark P. Leone, Ph.D. August 1986: Archaeology in Annapolis-Assistant Archaeologist. Supervisor: Mr. Bill Roulette. This was the surveying of an 18th century garden, with the objective being to produce a topographic I. map. Project Director: Mark P. Leone, Ph.D. June 1986-July 1986: Archaeology in Annapolis-Assistant Archaeologist. Supervisor: Mr. Bill Roulette. The Hancock Resolution Excavations. This was the excavation of a late lHth century tenarnent home. t. March 1986-May 1986: Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology (BCUAI- Staff Archaeologist. Supervisor: Mr Gary Norman. The Mount Clare Excavations. This was the excavation of a Colonial mansion's kitchen area. Additional responsibilities included assigning and working with volunteers, instruction other staff archaeologist on flotation procedures, and contributing to educational placard and public tour content. Se2tember 1985-March 1986: BCUA-Staff Archaeologist. Supervisor: Ms. Louise Ackerson. The Mount Clare Excavations. Responsibilities for this job entailed supervising a nighttime volunteer lab, soil and flotation analysis, and processing flotation samples. May 1985-August 1985: BCUA-Staff Archaeologist. Supervisor: Mr Gary Norman. The Mount Clare Excavations. This phase of the excavations were to locate the pattern of an 18th century orchard for the now completed orchard restoration. October 1984-May 1985: Archaeology in Annapolis-Volunteer Coordinator. Supervisor: Mark P. Leone. During this time I was responsible for starting, continuing, and supervising a volunteer lab on the University of Maryland's College Park campus. Project Director: Mark P. Leone, Ph,D. April 1985: Archaeology in Annapolis-Archaeologist. Supervisor: Mr. Donald Creveling and Joseph Hopkins, 111, Ph.D. For two consecutive weekends the State House 1nn.excavations explored how the State House Circle has changed over time. August 1984-Archaeologist. National Park Service-Supervisor: Ms. Sheree Lane. The Slateford Farm Excavations. This was a phase I survey of Slateford Farm, located in the Deleware Water Gap region of Pennsylvania. The excavations were random stratified shovel test pits. Project Director: Roger Mueller, Ph.D. June 1984-The Meteponto Excavations-Archaeologists/Lab Assistant. Supervisor: Marshal Becker, Ph.D. This excavation explored a Greek colony in Southern Italy, ca. 400 B.C. My responsibilities included the excavation and cleaning of skeletal remains. The bulk of analysis was carried out by Dr. Becker, but I di.d learn to age and sex human skeletal remains. January 1984-May 1984: BCUA. Staff Archaeologist. Supervisor: Ms. Louis Ackerson. The Brewery Excavations. This job entailed the openins, maintaining, and supervising of the BCUA's laboratory. Also established was a volunteer program. November 1983-January 1984: BCUk-Archaeologist. Supervisor: Ms. Carmen Weber. The Dickeyville ~xcavations. The excavations consisted of a phase I and I1 surveys of 18th and 18th century mill sites along the Gwyns Falls. Shovel tests were used to determine archaeological sites and excavations concentrated on a textile mill. ( June 1983-August 1983: BCUA-Field School Student. Supervisors: Mr. J.W. Josephs and Charles Cheek, Ph.D. The Brewery Excavations. The excavations explored an 18th and 19th centory brewery in downtown Baltimore. The fieldschool taught basic archaeological technique, as well as how to present a public tour. TECHNICAL PAPERS: Hopkins, Joseph W. 111, Ph.D. and Eileen Williams 19 87 The Final Report for the Excavations gt The State House Inn, Annapolis MD. Williams, Eileen 1987 The Final Report for the Excavations at 178 Prince George St., Annapolis MD. Williams, Eileen and Patricia Secreto 1987 The Final Report for the Excavations as Shiplap House, Annapolis MD. REFERENCES Paul Shackel, Ph.D. Archaeology in Annapolis C/O Historic Annapolis Inc. 182 Prince George St. Annapolis, MD 21401 Mark P. Leone, Ph,D. Archaeology in Annapolis C/O Historic Annapolis 182 Prince George St. Annapolis, MD 21401 Ms. Louise Ackerson Baltimore Center for Urban Archaeology c/o Peale Museum 800 E. Lombard St. Baltimore, MD 21211 JULIE HEVENER ERNSTEIN 1 Address: (Home) 9075-1 North Laurel Dr. (Business) Historic Annapolis, Inc. Laurel, MD 20707 194 Prince George St. Annapolis. MI 21401 Telephone: (Home) 301-953-7782 (Business) 301-263-5553 Date of birth: July 3, 1962 Place of birth: Washington, DC Social security number: 217-84-9533 Marital status: married, no children Professional field: archaeology Areas of specialization: U.S. Historical Archaeology (with special interests in landscape archaeology, urban and industrial archaeology and the application of oral histories to archaeology); second area'--New World Prehistoric Archaeology (North American and Mesoamerica); related area--Anthropology (with an emphasis in folklore studies and narrative analysis). Education: 1987-present Boston University, Boston. MA Ph.D. Candidate (all requirements fulfilled with exception of dissertation) 1984-1987 Boston University, Boston, MA MA. Archaeology 1980-1984 University of Maryland, College Park. MI] B.A., Anthropology Field, Research, and Related Professional Experience: 1988 Faculty, Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park; Instructor for ANTH 389A (Research Problems in Anthropology), AN'l'R 499A (Field Methods in Archaeology), and ANTH 699A (Advanced Field Training in Archaeology); Mr. Xelvin Bernstein, Administrative Dean, Office of Sunnner Programs; May-August. Volunteer, Foresight Sclence and Technology, Inc. (lobbying firm representing interests of the Society for American Archaeology and the Soclety for Historical Archaeology), telephoning Congressional offices in support of the Abandoned Shipwreck Act; Loretta Neumann, Senior Lobbyist; March. 1987-present Research Assistant and Archaeology Laboratory Supervisor; "Archaeology in Annapolis" Project, Annapolis, Maryland; Drs. Mark P. Leone, Richard J. Dent, and Ann E. Yentsch, Co-directors; 9187- present. 1987-present Part-time faculty, Anne Arundel Community College, Division of Continuing Education and Community Services; reach three courses: an introductory course in artifacts and American material culture to "gifted and talented" students, an introductory course in historical archaeology to adults, and a short course on the archaeology of Annapolis to adults; Ms. Gloria Lighthizer and Ms. Lynn Barrett, Program Coordinators, respectively; Fall, Spring, and Summer semesters. 1987 Archival Assistant; Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis, Maryland; Mr. Richard A. Blondo, Intern Coordinator; June-August. 5 1987 Project Oral Hkcorian; Spencer-Pierce-Little House Project, Newbury, Massachusetts; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigator; January-June. 1986-1987 Assistant Editor; Northeast Historical Archaeoloay, Journal of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry. Editor. 1986-1987 Field Assistant; Spencer-Pierce-Little House Survey, Newbury, Massachusetts; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigator; weekends of excavation over course of academic year. Excavator; Lowell National Historic Park Project (Kirk Street Agents' House Excavation), Lowell, Massachusetts; Drs. Ricardo J. Elia and Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigators; August. Laboratory Coordinator and Cataloguing Supervisor; 'Lowell National Historic Park Project (Boot Mill Boarding House Excavation). Lowell, Massachusetts; Drs. Ricardo J. Ella and Mary C. Beaudry, Principal Investigators; June-July. Part-time faculty, North Shore Community College, Division of Continuing Education and Community Services; designed and taught an introductory archaeology course in the "Kids to College" Pro- gram; Mr. Paul Willenbrock, Assistant Dean and Program Coordinator; Spring semester and summer term. Excavator; Assorted contract projects, Office of Public Archaeology, Dr. Ricardo J. Elia, Director; June-August. Excavator; Thompson's Island Project, Boston Harbor, Dorchester, Massachusetts: Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Director; June. Volunteer Excavator; Hooper-Lee-Nichols House Project, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Director; May. Field and Laboratory Assistant: Jason Russell House Project, Arlington, Massachusetts; Dr. Mary C. Beaudry, Director; March-April. 1982 Excavator; "Archaeology in Annapolis," IJniver&ty of Maryland Field School, Annapolis, Maryland; Drs. Mark P. Leone, Richard J. Dent, and Ann E. Yentsch, Co- directors, June-July. Additional Experience: Basic surveying and drafting for archaeology: copy editing, proofreading, and preparation of archaeological articles and reports for publi- cation; documentary and archival research; preservation and conservation of archaeological and ethnographic materials. Foreign Languages: French (reading ability). Publications and Reports: 1988 Research Update, Council for Northeast Historical - Archaeology Newsletter 11 (July): in press. 1987 "A Proposed Course of Action for Implementing Systematic Oral Historical Research at the Spencer- Pierce-Little House Property, and Some Comments on the Potential Contributions of Oral Histories to the Archaeology of the Houselot," report submitted to Dr. Mary C. Beaudry (Principal Investigator) and the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. Delivered Papers and Guest Lecrures: 1988 "Landscape Archaeology and the 18th Century Gardens of Annapolis, Maryland;" guest lecture delivered to ANTH 241 (Introduction to Archaeology); Department of Anthropology, ~nivedtyof Maryland, College Park; Nay 5, 1988. "Landscape Archaeology in the Chesapeake, A Case Study: the Charles Carroll of CarrolltonGarden, Annapolis, Maryland;" guest lecture delivered to ANTH 298 (the Archaeology of the Chesapeake); Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park; May 6, 1988. Symposia Organized: 1988 "Recent ArcFraecPogy tar knnapolis," multi-paper sym- posiw to be presented at the annual meetings of the Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology, Quebec City, October 14-16, 1988. Avards: 1985-1987 Journal Fellow, Journal --of Field Archaeology, avard offerred an+lly by the Association for Field Archaeology. 1984-1985 Univerljgty Fellow, Boston University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences 1984 Phi Beta Kappa 1984 General Honors Citation 1984 Honors Thesis Project Award Professional Memberships: The Center for Archaeological Studies, Boston University The Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology The Society for Historical Archaeology The Society for Industrial Archaeology References: Dr. Mary C. Beaudry Department of Archaeology Boston University 675 Co&uonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215 (617) 353-3415 Dr. Mark P. Leone Department of Anthropology Univeristy of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 (301) 454-6972 Mr. A1 B. Wesolowsky Managing Editor Journal of Field Archaeology 675 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, HA 02215 (617) 353-2357 Academic transcripts available upon request. addenda a. to Publications and Reports: 1988 with Paul A. Shackel and Eileen Williams, "A Cultural Resource Survey of the College Creek Area, l8AP46, Annapolis, Maryland," report prepared for the Naval Academy Athletic Association, Annapolis, Maryland, by "Archaeology in Annapolis," a cooperative venture between Historic Annapolis, Inc. and the University of Maryland, College Park: Dr. Paul A. Shackel, Principal Investigator. b. to Delivered Papers and Guest Lectures: 1988 with Paul A. Shackel, "An Archaeology of Knowledge: Deconstruction and the New Maryland Hall of Records," paper delivered at the annual meetings of the National Association of Government and Research Archives, Annapolis, Maryland. c. to References: Dr. Barbara J. Little Department of Sociology and Anthropology George Mason University Fairfax, VA (w3)3a3 -3Yq~ Dr. Paul A. Shackel Department of Anthropology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742 (3011 454-4154 Plat acuqanying U4 53/1 1906 Ricker trustees to Combs 1~ 7.,,,.,, , i i;;ll :lm V: 'ta f (ir PAUL A. BHACKEL ,&/#'7 Permanent Address Present Address T Jet Lei. 2()r:ia Hi 1 ltop La. #206 Holbrook. NY 11741 Annapel is, Ma. 2:40:5 515-d72-3891 (hm) 301-268-42G8 ( ~k ) 3,:,1-33-5553 EDUCATION: Ph.D. Anthropology - State Ur~iversityof New York at P~!ffalo. June 1987. Awarded with Distinction. Dissertation Tapir: A Historical Archaeolaqy or Persona: Discipline. M.A. Anthropology - state University -of New 'fork at %~ffa?o. February 1984. Waster's Project: Patterning at the Niroll Hcure, Sufi;olk County, New York. H.A. Anthropology and Sociology - State University of New '!ark at Ruffalu. Graduated Cum Laude - June t781. Research Interests 1. Historical Archaeology of the Eastern United Ststes 2. Svvbal ic fir-chaeolngy. 5. E?hnoarchacclogy. 4. !EC,hnoh~stol-Y. r .I. Ca~ital;-,rn in Early and Colcnial America. 5- The creation of a social hierarchy in a developing c~mplex society EXCAVpTION AND SURVEY EXPERIENCE: Fzbrc;arv 1456 - present: Archaeology in Annapolis ( A Collaborati~n bstween the University o-F !Vsryland and Historic fhcapoli5 Inc.; - Staff Archaeologist. Responsible for the supervision of all arcliaeologim:al field operatione: on a daily asThis includes the direction o+ up ta 15 staff members and :<:I valunteers, proposal /budget preparatinn, field supervision .md the supervision and editing of final reports. so responsible +or the supervision of the Victualling Warehouse and College Park laboratories. Dr. Mark P. Leone: Principal Investigator. Zccember L?S5 - Jzncrary 1?13&: Archaeology in Annapolis: Site Director f~r:ha 193 !Plain St. Site, Supervised five trained archaeologists on an 19th - 211th - centurv Euro-Prneriran habitation site. Annapolis, Maryland. r Mark P. Leone: Pri-cipal Investigator. Octobe~ 1985: Archaeology in Annapal is: Assistant Si tr Director or a c~t:tii~a:lresource survey on Churrh Circle, AnnaDolis, MD. A late 17th - 2l:lth - century charchyard. Cr. Mark F, Lzo~ie: Principal Investigator. Jc!ne - Auuc!st 1925: Archaeology in Annapolis: Assistant Site Director for the Shiplap House Site. An 18th - 20th-centurv habitation site. Supervised sour Yield assistants and trained .Field school students and volunteers. A pctbl ic program site, Annapolis, Wd. Dr. Yark P. Leone: Principal Investigator. Apri 1 - May 1985: Archaeology In Annapol i 5: Field Clssistant/As~istantSupervisor +or the State House 'Inn Site. An 18th - 213th-century habitation site. A public program site. Annapul is, Md. Dr. Mark V. Leone: Principal Investiyator. October 1984: SUNY Buffalo Archaeological Survey: Crew Chief for a cult~~ralresource survey in the Town of Great ValLe~, New York (PII\I 5751.79). Dr. Ben Nelson: Principal Inve5tigator. September 1944: SUNY-Buf f alo Archaeological Survey: Crew Chief for a culti!ral resoc;r~es~~rvey in the Town of Staff ord, New 'Carl< iPIN 41134.55). Dr. Ren Nelson: Principal Investigator. June - Aug~tst :?84: Nicoll Orchaeological P~oject,Town of Islip, New York.: Project Director. Trained and supervised ten Suffolk Caunty Comrnuni tv CoL 1 ege students in an approved field school during the month of June. Supervised and trained members of the S~tffolk County Youth Conservation Corp. and students in an enrichment program from Sachem High Schcol during the m~nths 0.F J~tlyand ALI~L~s~. May 1'?84: SUNY-Buf f a10 Archaeological Survey: Crew Chief +or a c~rit~iral:-esource survey in North Tonawan.da, New York. Dr. Ben Nelson: Frincipal Investigator. Yay 1984: SUNY-Buf f alo Archaeological Survey: Crew Chief for a cultural resource survey in the Town of Lancast~r, New York (PIN 5512.19). Dr. Ben Nelson: Principal Investigator. Apri 1 1984: SUNY-Ruf f a10 Archaeological Survey: Field Assistant or a cultural resource survey in the Town of Poland, New York. Dr. Ben Nelson: Principal Investigator. Fsbruarv 1934: SUNY-Buffalo Archaeological Survey: Crew Chief for a cul,kurzl rese~!rceSn-irvey in Eayton, New York. Dr. Hen Nelson: rciaInvestigator. December 1985: New Yark State Museum: Field Assistant on a Survey and z:.:cavation o+ the Grovcland Shaker Ccmm~~nityin Sonvea! New York. Mr. Phil Lord : Principa? Investigator. Jr.!pe - flc;gust 198.5: Nicoll Archaeological Project, Town of Iolip, New York: Project Director. Yc;?er;.i sed and trained ten students from Suf f o:k Cocrnty Community C~llegein an approvsd fieid school during the month of .June. In July and Augcist 3 3150 provided archaeolagical training +or eight Youth Conservation Corp. workers. Apri1 1932: SUNY-Puf f alo Archaeological Survey: Field Assistant. .January 1989: Town of Islip. Laboratory work ar;d data anali.si5. .June - August i?8Z: Nicoll Archaeological Project, Town of Islip, New York: Project Director. Contracted to iocate the William Nicnll Homestead, the founding family of the Torn of Islip in 1683. Supervised and trained a crew of eight field assistants. Duties included: e::l:~nsive library research, surface survey, shove: tsstinq, cataloging artifacts, map drawing, e::cavatior;. report writing and p~tblicrelations. May - November 1781: SUNY-Buf f alo Archaeological Survey: Field Assistant. S~~rvevand e:.:cavation of the Ranger and !l~~f+vSites. F'rin~ipalinve~',igator.- Dr.. Mark alcienderfer. Field Dirgctors: Dr. Frank Schieppati and David Kieeer. October - November i98::): SUNY-Buf f a1 o Archaeal ogi cal Survey: Field Assistant. Excavation of the Mi 1ler Site in Boston Val Ley, New York. Princi~alInvestigator: Dr. Mark Aldenderf er. Field Directar; Fran Pickin. Hav - August 1581:l: SUNY-Buf falo Archaeological Survey: Field Assistant. Route .Zl relqcation project, Wayne Coctnty, New Yark .PIN Z1557. [:!!I. Principal 1n.dastiqatcr: Dr. Mark Aldenderf er. Field Dirsctor: Patrick Valentine. Crew Chi e+ : Dr. Frank -achiep~ati. June - August l?79: Summer field school student sponsored by Northwestern University. Excavation of the Elizabeth Burial Mounds. Directors: Dr. Stuart Struever and Dr. Jane Pui kstra. 1974: Adult Fizld School sponsored by k!ye Center or American Archaeology ( formerlv known as The Foundatio~ +or .,,,7, l i,.ois- Archaeulagy) . Director: Dr. Stuart Struev~r. TEACHING EXPERIENCE: Fall 1997 - Lert~trer atuniversity of Maryland, College Park. To Teach The Chesapeake :an introduction tc the ecoloqy? prehistory and hlstnrical archaeology of the Cheasapeake arza). .Fall 1786 - Inrtructor at Anne Arundel County Community College for a course titled Artifacts in American Culture with Barbara Littl~and Parksr Potter. Soring I?% - Teaching Assistant fdr Millard Fillmore Academic College at thz State University of New York at Buffala. Instructor for Historical Archaeology 0.f New York State. (An Introduction to Theory and Method in Historical Archaeology.) Fall 1985 - Assisted Dr. Mark P. Leone with an Independent Stctdy at the University ~f Maryland, College Park. Topic: The Development of Segrncntation and Individuality Associated with Diqinq as Found in the Archaeol~gical Record. Fall 1984 - Teaching Assistant fnr Millard Fiilmore Academic College at State University of New Yark at Buffalo. Instructor for: Exploring the Unknown: Introduction to Archaeology. -rummer 1983 1984 - Adjunct Inrtructor at Suffol k County Community College. Instructor for Introduction to Field Work in Anthropology. TEACHING HONORS: Spring 1986: Nominated for Excellence in Teaching for a Graduate Teaching assistant. COMPUTER EXPERIENCE: Acting Budget Waster (Spring semestrr 1985) Resp~nsible far the creation and noney a1 location of computer accounts for fac~llty,students and staff belonging to the Departments of Anthropology and Linguistics at the State University of New York at B~lffa1~1. ii:nnwledae gf: Pascal, HNDF', Minitab, 2nd an assor'tment of programs used on personal camputers. MUSEUM EXHIBIT DISPLAYS: " The Toothbrt-lsh in Western Civilization" with Dr. Mark F'. Leone - A display of ,toothbrushes which demonrtra.tes the changing attitudes of a non standardized. communal Medieval life to o!ie which was increasing1y standardized and -,ocially segmented . - Cn display at the tour office adjacent t@ the State Capital in Annapolig, Maryland. - March 15, 1986 - September 1997. MUSEUM EXHIBIT CONSULTANT: "Tableware and Sai lv Life" bv Christine Hcepf ner - a disulay of tableware which demonstrate the changing attit~rde-, in daily life snd dinin5 ettlquete of cclonial Anglo - Americans. -on display at_ the Tobacco Frise Historic B~tildiny. -September lqS6 - April 1987. ,, 7 . es ,-and Worker-," by Christine Hoepf ner - a display o? teaware ahich demonstrate the increasing routinized behavim- 4s rcflrcted in the tca eerlmony and everyday 11+9. - on display at the Victualling WarEhouse MuGeum. - September 1936 - September 1Y37. "The NicoL1 Family" - a display of artifarts provrding an intzr'pretation of the everyday life of the Nicolls, a prominant 18th and 19th - century family on Long Island. - displayed at the Town of 1sl:ip Museum. - Way 1583 - October 1983. PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS: American Anthropological Association Society for American Archaeology Socirty for Historical Archaeology Baci~tyfar E:,ghteenth-Century Studies qnthropologi cal Society of Washington Americs.n Studi e5 Ass~ciation 8;t PUBLICATIONS: Mark P. Leone, Parker B. Fotter Jr, ind F'aul A. Shackel. 1987 Toward A Critical firchaeolwgy. CURRENT ANTHHOPOLCGY Vol 29(3). Shackel, Paul A. 1957 "Conspicuous Consumption and Class Maintenance: An Example From the Ni cull House Excavations. " In THE HISTORICAL AKCHAEOLOGY OF LONG ISLAND, PMT 1: THE SITES. Edited by Gaynell Stone and Donna Ottusch- k:i,anka. Su+f 01 k County Arrhacol oai ral A55oc;i at,ion and the Nassau County Archaeulogical Committee. Shackel. , Fa1-1::L 0. 1986 "Mean Ceramic Dating and Its Applicability kg the NicoLl Hor.;-,e," LDNG ISLCIND ARCHFEOLOGICAL PROJECT IVEIJSLETTEK. Edited by Laurie Bchroeder , Stephanie Rippel-Erikson, and Edward Johannemann. Published by the Suf f 01 C: Cnunty Organization +or the Promotion a+ Education. ~hact:el, Paul A. l?a5 "Buantitative Patterning at the Bite Level: A Case Study in Hi!;tnricaL flrchaeology." AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY. Vol. 5 !I:. Shackel. Psu1 A. 1984 "4rchaeology and History: A Case Study with the William Nicoll Homestead." LONG ISLAND FORUM. October. Shackel, Paul A. 1485 "Archaeological Dig at the Nicoll Homestead." LONG ISLAND FORUM. July. IN PRESS: Mark: P. Lsone and Tau: Q. Shackel The Georgian Order in Annapoli~. Mar~land. A Special Issue uf TIiE HAHYI-AND ARCHAEOLCGIST. Edited by Rirhard 3. Dent and Barbara J. Little. Due 1987. Mark P. Leone and Paul A. Bhacke: "Fork:s, Clocl;~and Power. " In MIRROR QND 'IETAPHOR: MATERIAL AND SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF PEAILITY. Edited by Daniel Inger5oll. [Jniversity Press of Amsri~a, Lanham, Maryland. Cus 15'37- IN PREPARATION: The Develcpment oi Materia1 and Socfal Segmentation in Colonial and Early Anglg-America. Geometry and the Gardens at the bharles Carroll of Carroltcn's Prcperty, AnnapoLir,, Ilaryland. With nark P. 1-sone. Far a Volume Edited by William Kelso, University of Virginia Press. An Edited Vol~imederived from the proceedings of the symposi~~m "The Meanings of Consumpti on: Onqoing Research in Historical Archaeology" which ua5 presented at the 15'87 Society fcr Pmerican Gr,=haeology Meetings" Toronto Canada. PROFESSIONAL PAPERS: Shackel, Paul A. 1987 The Creation of Pul i te Soci sty: Hi5trrrical Archaeology of Caionia: and Early Annapal is. Paper to be prssented at the American Studies Association Meetings, Creating Cultures: Vecples? Oh jects. Ideas, New Yqrk, New York. I\lovornber. Shackel, Paul 0. 1987 The Arrhaeoloay of Manners. Paper presented a't the Society far American Orchaeoloqv Meetings, Torgnto, Canada. May. Sharkel, Paul A. 1987 The Development of a Hierarchical Society in 18th - Century Annapolis. Paper presanted at the Society fur Historical Archaeology meetings, Savannah, Georgia, January.