DOCSLIB.ORG

Gaining a Competitive Advantage in the Global Bioethanol Industry

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gaining a Competitive Advantage in the Global Bioethanol Industry Gaining a Competitive Advantage in the Global Bioethanol Industry Strategic Options for Large Scale European Producers MSc Thesis – Management Studies Group Wageningen University David Borgman January 2009 Scientific advisors: Dr. Elizard de Vries Dr. Emiel Wubben Disclaimer: Information provided in this report by market experts and stakeholders (respondents) is confidential. No information from chapter 7 may be copied or reproduced without the explicit authorization of both the researcher and the respondent(s) involved. The respondents can not be held (legally) accountable in any way for the information provided in chapter 7 and the interview reports. EU Bioethanol Firm Strategy MSc. Thesis - David Borgman Preface This research is performed by David Borgman, and forms the MSc. thesis, the culminating element of the study Management, Economics and Consumer studies at Wageningen University. I would like to gratefully thank Dr. Elizard de Vries and Dr. Emiel Wubben for their guidance, support and feedback during the research period. This research has been a great learning experience and could not have been realized without their support. Furthermore, I would like to thank all the market experts and stakeholders for their valuable perspective. Their input has been crucial for the success of this research and has contributed to my enthusiasm and ambition for making a contribution to the development of renewable energy. Finally, I would like to thank my family for their continued support during this research period. Without them, I could not have realized this achievement. This thesis has been a great learning experience, and I hope that it can serve as an input and inspiration for bioethanol producers, policy makers and scholars. Wageningen, January 2009 David Borgman EU Bioethanol Firm Strategy MSc. Thesis - David Borgman EU Bioethanol Firm Strategy MSc. Thesis - David Borgman Abstract This explorative research is aimed at the formulation of strategic options for large scale EU bioethanol producers, which enable the firm to achieve a competitive advantage in comparison to Brazilian and U.S. producers. On the basis of a literature review, a theoretical framework is developed which serves as a phased model for the formulation of strategic options. The theoretical framework is based on the Industrial Organization paradigm and features various strategic management based models and techniques for the analysis of the industry, societal environmental factors, the selection of external and internal strategic factors, key success factors, comparison of the competitive position of bioethanol industries, and the formulation of strategic options. The first empirical step of this research concerns an analysis of the basic conditions and industry structure. From this analysis it becomes apparent that the EU bioethanol industry is in a relatively poor competitive position in comparison to the Brazilian and U.S. industries. Especially with regard to production costs, the energy balance of the production process, available land resources, governmental support and market protection, the EU industry can currently not compete with the Brazilian or U.S. industry. The development of advanced bioethanol (i.e. cellulosic ethanol) through biorefinery is identified as an important opportunity for the EU industry to improve its competitive position and to establish a competitive advantage. In addition, increased governmental support and the implementation of sustainability criteria are identified as important contributing factors for a competitive advantage. On the basis of several strategic factors, which were derived from the industry analysis, four strategic options for large scale EU producers have been formulated by the researcher. These four options are validated through eight in-depth interviews with bioethanol market experts and stakeholders. On the basis of these validation sessions the strategic options are adapted, which results in a reduction to three strategic options. These options include; a Strategic Alliance option with a (U.S) technology partner or U.S/Brazilian producer, a Global Strategy in which the large scale producer establishes production in the Brazilian and/or U.S. industries, and an Innovation option in which the large scale producer develops advanced bioethanol and/or diversifies with the production of high-end biobased products through biorefinery. The strategic options serve as the main recommendation for large scale EU bioethanol producers. The strategic options and market analysis (techniques) serve as an input for strategy development for large scale EU bioethanol producers. Several additional recommendations for further research are made with regard to the strategic options and EU governmental policy. EU Bioethanol Firm Strategy MSc. Thesis - David Borgman EU Bioethanol Firm Strategy MSc. Thesis - David Borgman Table of Contents Abstract 1 Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project context............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research description .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Objective....................................................................................................................... 2 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 General research question............................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Research Strategy ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.3 Research framework and Methods ............................................................................................... 3 3 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Market analysis ............................................................................................................................. 5 3.1.1 Market analysis - Industrial Organization .............................................................................. 6 3.1.2 Market analysis – Strategic Management............................................................................ 13 3.2 Competitive Position ................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Strategy Formulation................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Competitive Advantage........................................................................................................ 23 3.3.2 Generic Strategies ............................................................................................................... 24 3.4 Conclusions................................................................................................................................. 35 3.5 Theoretical framework................................................................................................................. 37 4 Basic Conditions and Industry Structure .........................................................................................41 4.1 Five Forces of Market Structure.................................................................................................. 41 4.1.1 Industry competitors ............................................................................................................ 41 4.1.2 Bargaining power of Suppliers............................................................................................. 65 4.1.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers ................................................................................................ 73 4.1.4 Threat of New Entrants........................................................................................................ 78 4.1.5 Threat of Substitutes............................................................................................................ 84 4.1.6 Conclusions Five Forces Model – Bioethanol industry........................................................ 90 4.2 Societal environmental influences............................................................................................... 91 4.2.1 Political-Legal factors........................................................................................................... 91 4.2.2 Economic factors ................................................................................................................. 95 4.2.3 Sociocultural factors ............................................................................................................ 99 4.2.4 Technological factors......................................................................................................... 102 4.3 Future market expectations....................................................................................................... 106 5 External and Internal Factor Analysis ...........................................................................................115 5.1 EFAS ........................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CSP Technologies
    CSP Technologies Solar Solar Power Generation Radiation fuel Concentrating the solar radiation in Concentrating Absorbing Storage Generation high magnification and using this thermal energy for power generation Absorbing/ fuel Reaction Features of Each Types of Solar Power PTC Type CRS Type Dish type 1Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller 2 Axis Sun tracking controller Concentrating rate : 30 ~ 100, ~400 oC Concentrating rate: 500 ~ 1,000, Concentrating rate: 1,000 ~ 10,000 ~1,500 oC Parabolic Trough Concentrator Parabolic Dish Concentrator Central Receiver System CSP Technologies PTC CRS Dish commercialized in large scale various types (from 1 to 20MW ) Stirling type in ~25kW size (more than 50MW ) developing the technology, partially completing the development technology development is already commercialized efficiency ~30% reached proper level, diffusion level efficiency ~16% efficiency ~12% CSP Test Facilities Worldwide Parabolic Trough Concentrator In 1994, the first research on high temperature solar technology started PTC technology for steam generation and solar detoxification Parabolic reflector and solar tracking system were developed <The First PTC System Installed in KIER(left) and Second PTC developed by KIER(right)> Dish Concentrator 1st Prototype: 15 circular mirror facets/ 2.2m focal length/ 11.7㎡ reflection area 2nd Prototype: 8.2m diameter/ 4.8m focal length/ 36㎡ reflection area <The First(left) and Second(right) KIER’s Prototype Dish Concentrator> Dish Concentrator Two demonstration projects for 10kW dish-stirling solar power system Increased reflection area(9m dia. 42㎡) and newly designed mirror facets Running with Solo V161 Stirling engine, 19.2% efficiency (solar to electricity) <KIER’s 10kW Dish-Stirling System in Jinhae City> Dish Concentrator 25 20 15 (%) 10 발전 효율 5 Peak.
    [Show full text]
  • REIPPP Projects
    REIPPP Projects Window 1 Projects Net capacity Technology Project Location Technology Developer Contractor Status MW supplier Klipheuwel – Dassiefontein Group 5, Dassiesklip Wind Energy Facility Caledon, WC Wind 26,2 Sinovel Operational Wind Energy fFcility Iberdrola MetroWind Van Stadens Wind Port Elizabeth, EC Wind 26,2 MetroWind Sinovel Basil Read Operational Farm Hopefield Wind Farm Hopefield, WC Wind 65,4 Umoya Energy Vestas Vestas Operational Noblesfontein Noblesfontein, NC Wind 72,8 Coria (PKF) Investments 28 Vestas Vestas Operational Red Cap Kouga Wind Farm – Port Elizabeth, EC Wind 77,6 Red Cap Kouga Wind Farm Nordex Nordex Operational Oyster Bay Dorper Wind Farm Stormberg, EC Wind 97,0 Dorper Wind Farm Nordex Nordex Operational South Africa Mainstream Jeffreys Bay Jeffereys Bay, EC Wind 133,9 Siemens Siemens Operational Renewable Power Jeffreys Bay African Clean Energy Cookhouse Wind Farm Cookhouse, EC Wind 135,0 Suzlon Suzlon Operational Developments Khi Solar One Upington, NC Solar CSP 50,0 Khi Dolar One Consortium Abengoa Abengoa Construction KaXu Solar One Pofadder, NC Solar CSP 100,0 KaXu Solar One Consortium Abengoa Abengoa Operational SlimSun Swartland Solar Park Swartland, WC Solar PV 5,0 SlimSun BYD Solar Juwi, Hatch Operational RustMo1 Solar Farm Rustenburg, NWP Solar PV 6,8 RustMo1 Solar Farm BYD Solar Juwi Operational Mulilo Renewable Energy Solar De Aar, NC Solar PV 9,7 Gestamp Mulilo Consortium Trina Solar Gestamp, ABB Operational PV De Aar Konkoonsies Solar Pofadder, NC Solar PV 9,7 Limarco 77 BYD Solar Juwi Operational
    [Show full text]
  • Participants List
    Workshop on Scaling-up Renewables through Decentralised Energy Solutions Confirmed Participants List Paris, 28 March 2017 Representing Last Name: First Name Abengoa Solar GEYER Michael Acciona Energía PRIETO CASAÑA Elisa Acciona Energía MATEO Rafael ADEME MOISAN François ADEME GERSON Raphael Association of the European Heating Industry BASSO Paolo Australian Govt. Department of the Environment and Energy THOMAS Nicole Austrian Energy Agency INDINGER Andreas BayWa r.e. and BayWa AG TAFT Matthias Bloomberg New Energy Finance CHASE Jenny Bloomberg New Energy Finance HENBEST Seb BNP Paribas MAURIN Matthieu CEA MALBRANCHE Philippe CEDEC DE BLOCK Gert CEDEC FONDI Ludovica CESI CODAZZI Matteo China General Certification Center QI Linlin China General Certification Center SUN Peijun China National Renewable Energy Centre SANDHOLT Kaare Cimate Action Network International SINGER Stephan City of Frankfurt FIEBIG Wiebke City of Stockholm TOLF Jonas Compass Lexecon ROQUES Fabien Danish District Heating Association LAUERSEN Birger Danish Energy Agency TENGVAD Rasmus DONG Energy STEIWER HEIN Christian EDF Energies Nouvelles SCALONE Carmelo EDSO for Smart Grids CARAMIZARU Aura EHPA JUNG Oliver ENEA Italy DELILLO Anna ENEA Italy DE IULIIS Simona Enedis STRANG Karl Axel Enel MELCHIOTTI Nicola 1 Enel Green Power VENTURINI Francesco Enel Green Power D'AUSILIO Michel Enercon DUENING Katrin ENGIE STEVERLYNCK Alexis ENGIE MANTEL Catherine ENGIE GRENON Georgina ENGIE SCHACK Michael EREF HINRICHS-RAHLWES Rainer ERI/NDRC LIU Jian ERI/NDRC TAO Ye ERI/NDRC ZHAO
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability in the Power Sector 2010 Update Europe
    Sustainability in the Power Sector 2010 Update - Europe Tim Steinweg, Albert ten Kate & Kristóf Rácz November 2010 Sustainability in the Power Sector 2010 Update - Europe Sustainability in the Power Sector 2010 update: Europe Tim Steinweg, Albert ten Kate & Kristóf Rácz (SOMO) Amsterdam, November 2010 1 Colophon Sustainability in the Power Sector 2010 Update - Europe November 2010 Authors: Tim Steinweg, Albert ten Kate & Kristóf Rácz Cover design: Annelies Vlasblom ISBN: 978-90-71284-63-2 Funding This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of Greenpeace Nederland. The content of this publication is the sole responsibility of SOMO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of Greenpeace Nederland. Published by Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations Sarphatistraat 30 1018 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel: + 31 (20) 6391291 Fax: + 31 (20) 6391321 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.somo.nl This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivateWorks 2.5 License. 2 Sustainability in the Power Sector 2010 Update - Europe Contents Contents .......................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures................................................................................................................. 5 List of Tables .................................................................................................................. 5 Abbreviations
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of CSP Development
    The Status of CSP Development DISH STIRLING POWER TOWER CLFR Tom Mancini CSP Program Manager Sandia National Laboratories PARABOLIC TROUGH 505.844.8643 DISH STIRLING [email protected] [email protected] 1 Presentation Content • Brief Overview of Sandia National Laboratories • Background information • Examples of CSP Technologies − Parabolic Trough Systems − Power Tower Systems − Thermal Energy Storage − Dish Stirling Systems • Status of CSP Technologies • Cost of CSP and Resource Availability • Deployments • R & D Directions [email protected] 2 Four Mission Areas Sandia’s missions meet national needs in four key areas: • Nuclear Weapons • Defense Systems and Assessments • Energy, Climate and Infrastructure Security • International, Homeland, and Nuclear Security [email protected] 3 Research Drives Capabilities High Performance Nanotechnologies Extreme Computing & Microsystems Environments Computer Materials Engineering Micro Bioscience Pulsed Power Science Sciences Electronics Research Disciplines 4 People and Budget . On-site workforce: 11,677 FY10 operating revenue . Regular employees: 8,607 $2.3 billion 13% . Over 1,500 PhDs and 2,500 MS/MA 13% 43% 31% Technical staff (4,277) by discipline: (Operating Budget) Nuclear Weapons Defense Systems & Assessments Energy, Climate, & Infrastructure Security International, Homeland, and Nuclear Security Computing 16% Math 2% Chemistry 6% Physics 6% Other science 6% Other fields 12% Electrical engineering 21% Mechanical engineering 16% Other engineering 15% 5 Sandia’s NSTTF Dish Engine Engine Test Rotating Testing Facility Platform Established in 1976, we provide ………. • CSP R&D NSTTF • Systems analysis and FMEA • System and Tower Testing Solar Furnace component testing and support NATIONAL SOLAR THERMAL TEST FACILITY [email protected] 6 Labs Support the DOE Program The CSP Programs at Sandia and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) support the DOE Solar Energy Technology Program.
    [Show full text]
  • See Who Attended
    Company Name First Name Last Name Job Title Country 24Sea Gert De Sitter Owner Belgium 2EN S.A. George Droukas Data analyst Greece 2EN S.A. Yannis Panourgias Managing Director Greece 3E Geert Palmers CEO Belgium 3E Baris Adiloglu Technical Manager Belgium 3E David Schillebeeckx Wind Analyst Belgium 3E Grégoire Leroy Product Manager Wind Resource Modelling Belgium 3E Rogelio Avendaño Reyes Regional Manager Belgium 3E Luc Dewilde Senior Business Developer Belgium 3E Luis Ferreira Wind Consultant Belgium 3E Grégory Ignace Senior Wind Consultant Belgium 3E Romain Willaime Sales Manager Belgium 3E Santiago Estrada Sales Team Manager Belgium 3E Thomas De Vylder Marketing & Communication Manager Belgium 4C Offshore Ltd. Tom Russell Press Coordinator United Kingdom 4C Offshore Ltd. Lauren Anderson United Kingdom 4Cast GmbH & Co. KG Horst Bidiak Senior Product Manager Germany 4Subsea Berit Scharff VP Offshore Wind Norway 8.2 Consulting AG Bruno Allain Président / CEO Germany 8.2 Consulting AG Antoine Ancelin Commercial employee Germany 8.2 Monitoring GmbH Bernd Hoering Managing Director Germany A Word About Wind Zoe Wicker Client Services Manager United Kingdom A Word About Wind Richard Heap Editor-in-Chief United Kingdom AAGES Antonio Esteban Garmendia Director - Business Development Spain ABB Sofia Sauvageot Global Account Executive France ABB Jesús Illana Account Manager Spain ABB Miguel Angel Sanchis Ferri Senior Product Manager Spain ABB Antoni Carrera Group Account Manager Spain ABB Luis andres Arismendi Gomez Segment Marketing Manager Spain
    [Show full text]
  • 2012 Annual and Sustainable Development Report
    Sharing a vision Sharing a vision Sharing a vision Sharing a vision for the future with for the future with for the future with for the future with our customers our teams investors citizens InspirationAnnual and Sustainable Development Report 2012 Please consider the environment before printing this document RADD_SPIE_BEE 2012_GB.indb 1 08/07/13 18:31 Annual and Sustainable Development Report 2012 INSPIRATION More than ever, SPIE is reaffirming its “shared vision for the future” with all its Download this stakeholders. The Group maintains an document to your mobile phone. extraordinary multi-level conversation with its customers, suppliers, teams and investors, as well as with all of us, as citizens. This conversation enables SPIE to open onto the world, which is the source of its inspiration. To fully reflect the depth of its relationships, this year SPIE has chosen to structure its Annual Report in four chapters: customers, teams, investors and citizens. In this way, readers can turn to the section that interests them most and quickly find what they are looking for. The 2012 Annual Report is full of information, not only about SPIE but also about its markets. Its graphic design is varied, even surprising, just like the world to which SPIE wants to actively contribute. 2 RADD_SPIE_BEE 2012_GB.indb 2 08/07/13 18:31 Contents 4 SPIE, sharing a vision for the future The Group in its environment: an independent European leader with operations in over 30 countries and a major commitment to meeting the challenges of the green economy. SHARING A VISION FOR THE FUTURE WITH..
    [Show full text]
  • NP Bio-Andalus Eng
    ABENGOA Innovative technology solutions for sustainability Abengoa participates in the Bio- AndaluS project for the development of bioproducts in Andalusia • The project, led by Abengoa, is designed to promote stable public-private cooperation in research and development (R&D), in areas of strategic importance for the development of the Spanish economy. Seville, March 19, 2012. - Abengoa, an international company that applies innovative technological solutions for the sustainable development in the energy and environmental sectors, has been selected by the Industrial Technological Development Center, CDTI, for the development of the Bio-AndaluS project. The initiative, included in the Feder-Innterconecta program, consists in the experimental development of lignocellulosic biomass transformation processes and other sources of carbon in diverse bioproducts, within the framework of Andalusia Sostenible. Bio-AndaluS' objective is the experimental development of production processes for high added value biofuels and functional biomaterials, as well as the possibility of generating co-products during the same process of obtaining bioethanol. In this sense, a special importance has been given to the development of studies and tools in order to assure the sustainability of the solutions developed. The project developed by Abengoa is divided into five large areas, such as sugar production technologies, production of biofuels and biomaterials, assessment of co- products and sustainability and certification requirements that all of them should comply with. The CDTI has communicated the awarding of the project led by Abengoa as part of the 2012 call for proposals for the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. These subsidies are designed to promote stable public-private cooperation in research and development (R&D), in areas of strategic importance for the development of the Spanish economy (Feder-Innterconecta Program).
    [Show full text]
  • Cogeneration and Conventional Plants, Being a Pioneer in the O&M of Hybrid Solar-Gas Plants
    Services Corporate Presentation R-25062021 Who 1 are we? 2 Abengoa (MCE: ABG.B) is an international company that Who are we? applies innovative technology solutions for sustainable development in the infrastructure, energy and water sectors. Constructing energy infrastructures . Generating conventional and renewable energy. Transporting and distributing energy. Providing solutions for the integrated water cycle . Developing desalination and water treatment processes. Constructing hydraulic infrastructures. Being a reference in the transmission and distribution sector . Developing transmission lines, electric distribution and railway electrification projects. Constructing installations and infrastructures for all types of plants and buildings. Obtaining results in the services area . Providing operation and maintenance services for plants optimization. Managing private assets efficiently. Furthering new horizons for development and innovation . Our 280 accumulated awarded patents since 2008 position us as technological leaders in sectors such as solar thermal technology. Renewable energy storage and our bet for energy efficiency and water consumption (water-energy nexus). 3 Una compañía viable con una base sólida Sólido negocio en ingeniería, La huella global aporta resiliencia al negocio de suministro, construcción, operación y Abengoa y el tamaño de su cartera de proyectos mantenimiento en mercados de alto proporciona visibilidad de los ingresos crecimiento Credibilidad de los Estructura ligera con alta eficiencia stakeholders operativa El desarrollo de tecnología pionera Un modelo de negocio más concentrado y una y comercialmente viable se ha estructura de capital sana y robusta, sumados a un convertido en la ventaja conjunto multidisciplinar de capacidades, sitúan a la competitiva clave de Abengoa compañía en una posición sólida para la creación de valor. Equipo humano, comprometido y capaz, poseedor de un know-how especializado y competitivo.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Solar Energy Technologies
    Introduction to Solar Energy Technologies Dr. Syed Noman Danish Assistant Professor [email protected] Outline • Importance of Renewable Energy Technologies • KSA Renewable Energy Plan 2012-2032 • Solar Energy • Solar Energy Technologies Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Solar PV Solar Water Heating System Importance of Renewable Energy Technologies ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVES 2012 Energy demand and emissions have doubled in the past 40 years From 6,000 Mtoe to 12,000 Mtoe CO2 emissions from 14Gt to 30Gt Rapid demand growth outside OECD Since 2005, non-OECD countries emit more than OECD Source: IEA statistics American Petroleum Institute estimates International Panel on Climate Change that we will consume all world oil within (IPCC) estimates, “global average sea 40 years level will rise by 2 feet in next century” Importance of Renewable Energy Technologies ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVES 2012 2DS 4DS 6DS a vision of a sustainable reflecting pledges by where the world is now energy system of reduced countries to cut heading, with CO2 and other emissions and boost potentially devastating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) energy efficiency results emissions The 2°C Scenario The 4°C Scenario The 6°C Scenario Choice of 3 Futures (2050) Source: IEA statistics © OECD/IEA 2012 Importance of Renewable Energy Technologies ENERGY TECHNOLOGY PERSPECTIVES 2012 Need to Halve CO2 by 2050 To achieve ambitious climate goals, the world needs to cut energy- related CO2 emissions by 50% from today’s levels… …but as populations grow and energy consumption inevitably
    [Show full text]
  • Company Profile
    Pag UÊ Abengoa and its Business Units 20 UÊ International Presence 24 UÊ List of Offices opened in 2009 by Business Group 26 Annual Report 2009 2 Company Profile 20 Annual Report 2009 Company Profile Abengoa and its Business Units Abengoa is a technology provider that applies innovative solutions for sustainability in the infrastructure, environmental and energy sectors, bringing long-term value to its shareholders through a management model based on encouraging the spirit of enterprise, social responsibility, transparency and rigor. Abengoa focuses its growth on the creation of new technologies that contribute to sustainable development by: UÊ generating energy from renewable resources; UÊ recycling industrial waste and generating and managing water; UÊ creating environmentally-friendly infrastructures that eliminate emissions; UÊ developing information systems that aid in managing existing infrastructures more efficiently; UÊ promoting new avenues for development and innovation. And to this end, Abengoa… UÊ invests in research, development and innovation (R&D&i); UÊ expands the technologies with the greatest potential; UÊ develops the required talent by attracting and retaining the best human resources; UÊ and dedicates human and economic resources to promoting social action policies that contribute to human and social progress through the Focus-Abengoa Foundation. The photo in the top left portion was taken by Juan Botella Cuesta, for Befesa, the 1st Abengoa Sustainability Photography Contest 21 Annual Report 2009 Company Profile Abengoa has its headquarters in Seville (Spain) and is present, through its more than 600 subsidiaries, affiliates, facilities and offices, in over 70 countries around the world, where it operates through its five business units: Solar, Bioenergy, Environmental Services, Information Technologies and Engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Concentrating Solar Power Clean Power on Demand 24/7 Concentrating Solar Power: Clean Power on Demand 24/7
    CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER CLEAN POWER ON DEMAND 24/7 CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER: CLEAN POWER ON DEMAND 24/7 © 2020 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW | Washington DC 20433 | USA 202-473-1000 | www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of the World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because the World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for non-commercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; [email protected]. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission from the source. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2021. Concentrating Solar Power: Clean Power on Demand 24/7.
    [Show full text]