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4-29-1941 Defense Vol 2, No. 17 Kentucky Library Research Collections Western Kentucky University, [email protected]

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OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF PRODUCTION «NAGEIJENT NmOKAL DE^DEFEHSE ABVISORY CO^ISSION, DEFEKSE „EDlA7l01i . > BOARO. C00«™™ between the AMERICAN REPUBLICS

APRIL 29. 1941 VOLUME 2, NUMBER 17

In this issue V. 2 Review of the week in defense Prodwciion—Manufacturers will conserve cork 3 5 lahor Great Lakes shipbuilding conference called 6 Mediation Board—Agreements reached on four cases mweek Purchases-m certificates of necessity issued April 145 9 Honsmg—President approves construction of 4,470 new units 10 14 Pnon'hVs—Zinc supply to be surveyed 16 Transporfafion—Freight carloadings increase 18 Prices and Civilian SnppKes-Stabilized copper prices urged Stafe and Local Cooperafion-Activities for defense councils

WE, THE PEOPLE . . . The open ing phrase of the ConstltuUon of the United States is utilized in the poster reproduced on this week's cover. In red, white, andblue, the poster isbeing issued by theEnvision ofInformation, Office for Emergency Management, for OPM, and willbe displayed in post offices, by manu facturers with defense contracts, and by State defense groups, and related or ganizations. Copies may be obtained on request to OEM. Two-column mats available to publishers. Size of poster, over all. 14 by 22 inches.

»12391*- ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941

leather prices, plus a wish to experiment further in leather substitutes. Induced lew of the in Defense the Army to purchase more shoes with the composition base. Labor-empJoyer disputes and their Defense bousing threat to national defense held the spot State and local defenses light last week. The National Defense The role of the civilian in national Demountable dormitories for single Mediation Board, after 3 days' negotia defense began broadening from one of persons and trailers for families were tions, recommended acceptance of the ' passive" protection to "active" aid to authorized by President Roosevelt to be President's formula for reopening the military forces. used in six communities until more coal mines. Northern operators and The State and Local Cooperation Divi permanent shelter can be provided de union representatives concurred. South sion advised defense councils to register fense workers. The Housing Coordina ern operators refused and mediation anyone who wished to assist the Army tion Division, meanwhile, announced halted. Air Corps In "spotting" enemy aircraft. construction contracts for 3,428 new More successful was the board in fore Men and women who can qualify will dwellings, bringing the total to 51,915, stalling a strike at General Motors be called upon to watch for air raiders and to chaK their courses, under mili ★ ★ ★ plants. The union agreed to postpone tary dii-ectlon, so that communities in a strike vote until mediation was given their path may be warned. a reasonable trial. A conference was New stock of Army shoes called for May 5. Supplies of raw materiaU will average $3.30 a pair Raw materials vital to defense Indus With defense production growing daily tries and prices continued to receive ac OPM's Production and Priorities Divi Asurvey of bids received in therecent tive attention, but all eyes were on the sions intensified efforts to insure ade invitation for Army shoes indicates that coal mines. Without coal, which wasbe quate supplies of raw materials for in theaverage price ofthe shoes bought will coming more scarce daily, industry could dustry. A growing emphasis on substi be approximately $3.30 per pair, Donald tution of materials where possible in M. Nelson. Director, Division of Pur not forge ahead. the manufacturing ofcivilian goods was chases. Office of Production Manage Meanwhile, Sidney Hiilman, Associ ment, announced April 21. ate Director General. OPM, estimated Indicated. Insulation manufacturers were asked It is to be noted. Mr. Nelson pointed that 2,500,000 persons had returned to to conserve cork by eliminating it from out. that due to what thetrade describes work In the last year. At the same time roof-insulation, except in refrigeration as slightly higher material costs the the LaborDivision soughtto stabilize em Cork is essential to defense for aircraft price of shoes with leather sole specifl- ployerrelations in the shipbuildingindus and automotive gaskets, and for other cations will average about $3.35 perpair. try at one of a seriesof zoneconferences. purposes. In view of this rise In price, and for the The meeting, in Chicago, followed suc Asdefense demands onthe steel indus purpose of further experimentation in cessful negotiations on the Pacific Coast. try have increased, the problem of im other materials, the Army has deter porting sufficient tungsten ore. used In mined to buy a quantity of Army shoes Prices and civilian supplies its manufacture, hasgrown more serious. With composition soles, the price ofwh'ch The Office of Price Administration and The National Academy of Sciences last will average around $3.15 per pair. Civilian Supply maintained theswift pace week suggested to OPM the possibilities Average price for the two items Mr It set the first week. Copper and brass of substituting molybdenum, a domestic Nelson said, will be in the vicinity of manufacturers were warned to reduce product. $3.30 per pair, which is substantially the their prices voluntarily before OPACS Another U. S.-produced raw material, level that has prevailed on the last two established formal price schedules. bauxite—the ore from which aluminum' Army shoe purchases. is made—is being mined at a 50 percent Mr. Nelson further pointed out that Makers of farm implements were asked higher rate than last year, the Bureau of not to raise their prices. both the Division of Purchases and the Mines reported. Production can be Office of Price Administration and Ci The role of price controls in the Gov multiplied swiftly if necessary. Sixty vilian Supply are carefully watching ernment's efforts to forestall Inflation percent of the U. S. supply now comes price fluctuations in the hide market such as that which followed the World from Dutch Guiana, the remainder out which have a direct effect on the costs' War was explained by Leon Henderson. of Arkansas. of both Armyand civilian shoes. Administrator of OPACS, in a radio ad StiU concerned over an anticipated in dress. The Government, he said, was crease in the demand for zinc, the Prior * ★ * moving on three fronts: (1) Price con ities Division considered means for in trols where necessary, (2) expansion of creasing the stock pile. Ageneral prior ESTIMATED ARMY STRENGTH supplies where possible, and (3) reduc ities rating was suggested as a possibility. The War Department estimated the tion of consumer consumption by higher Uncle Sam'ssoldiers are going to drill in shoes of composition soles, the OPM strength of the as of taxes. April 17, 1941. at 1,210,600, Including Purchases Division disclosed. Higher 68,600 officers and 1,142,000 enlisted men.

OTOCIAL BULLETIN of the Office for Emergency Subscription rates by mall: 7St for 53 Issues- 36« Division Of for 13 iiisixes; single copies 5«. payable In advance DEFENSE i " ®™®rgency Management, and Remit money order payable directly totheSuperin- s • 'b/'f/

★ DEFENSE ★ April 29,1941 PRODUCTION... New Group Resources Unit will Manufacturers cooperate to conserve cork; aid small factory owners supplies from French territory cut off Sidney Hillman. Associate Director quotations, they were asked to refer the General OPM. April 24 assigned M. CUf- The Office of Production Management ford Townsend. who is serving on Mr. disclosed April 25 that it was taking steps facts to the Office of ProductionManage ment for its consideration. Hillman's staffas special adviser onlabor with the cooperation of affected manu and agricultural problems, to the OPM's facturers to conserve the United States Companies affected Defense Contract Service, where he will supply of cork, which is obtained from establish a new Group Resources Unit. countries bordering the western Mediter Those to whom the telegrams were sent included: H. W. Prentis, Jr., presi The Defense Contract Service, part of ranean. , „ Telegrams were dispatched bythe Ma dent, Armstrong Cork Co.. Lancaster, the Production Division of the Office of Pa.; R.R. John, Cork Insulation Co., 155 Production Management, is assisting the terials Branch of the Production Divi East Forty-third Street, New YorkCity; Army andNavy in enlisting suitable man- sionto allcorkinsulation manufacturers, F. R. Mitchell, Mitchell & Smith, Inc., ufacturii^ plants in defense production. asking them to help curtail the use of Copland Avenue, Detroit, Mich.; H. H. Its chief is Robert L. Mehornay. corkboard for roof insulation, except for Bruns, Mundet Cork Corporation, 65 the roofs of refrigerated spaces, during South Eleventh Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Group action the remainder of 1941. The telegrams and H. H. Bose. United Cork Corpora The new Group Resources Unit will requestedthat the manufacturers: tion, Kearny, N. J. deal with 'ocal groups of factory owners 1. Fill only orders for such use, ac All of the cork insulation manufac formed to participate jointly in defense cepted on or before the date of the re quest, except in such instances where the turers have given assurance of their co production. operation. A number of such groups have been OPM recommends a special exception organized, end additional ones are ex because the order is vital to the defense French supply cut off pected to be organized, by small manu program. The United States is dependent for its facturers whose facilities may be inade 2. Notify distributors and dealers of cork supply upon Spain, Portugal, and quate individuaUy to handledefense con the OPM'srequest and seek the coopera North Africa. Shipments from French tracts or subcontracts but who may be tion of the distributors and dealers. territory in North Africa, an important able to do so by working together. 3. Notify persons to whom quotations source, have been cut off since Germany on corkboard for roofinsulation are out Exchange information standing and attempt to enlist the co defeated France. Purchases of corkfrom operation of such persons in releasing Spain and Portugal have been increased The new unit will advise such groups the manufacturer from the quotation. but it is necessary to conserve the supply regarding the labor facilities, manage In cases where manufacturers are un for Armyand Navy and essentialcivilian ment. and production planning required able to obtain release from outstanding needs. to obtain contracts or subcontracts un der the defense program. Existing local groups, upon request, will be informed of years. This Is done to conserve the very the various management and planning Bauxite supplies appear limited domestic supply and to hold that organizations that have been formed in supplyback for possible use in an emer adequate for expanded other areas. gency when shipping might be wholly Existing facilities will be analyzed for aluminum production unavailable. specific production possibUities. Where Donestic production increases such production possibilities exist, local A new survey by the Bureau of Mines "It does not mean that domestic pro organizations will be aided in contacting shows that domestic bauxite production both the armed services and prime con could be multiplied swiftly in case an duction is being held back for the sake of more cheaply available foreign ores. tractors with a view to enabling them to emergency disrupted imports, the Metals participate in the defense program. andMinerals Section of the Office of Pro As a matter of fact, the production from duction Management reported April 24. domestic sources is being increased to Aid for upset industries Bauxite is the ore from which alumi meetaboutits proportionate share of the num is derived. largely expanded demand. This new unit, under Mr. Townsend, Pointing out that about 60 percent of "Domestic production in 1941 is run will also concern itself with substitute the supply is now imported from Dutch ning 50 percent higher than in 1940." operations for labor and manufacturers Guiana while the remainder comes prin The Metals and Minerals Section said whose normal functions, through no cipally from Arkansas, with minor that the Bureauof Mines, at the request fault of their own, may be seriously in amounts from Alabama and Georgia, the of the OPM, had made a survey of ca terfered with by the appUcation of Gov Metals and Minerals Section issued this ernment defense measures which limit pacity for domestic production of bauxite supplies of necessary materials. statement; and had reviewed the reserve situation. "As long as shipping is available, the The new unit as an integral part of This survey showsthat domesticbaux- [Continued on page 11) policy will be touse tiie Imported ores in (Continued on page 11) about the same proportion as in recent ★ ★ DEFENSE April 29, 1941 LABOR...

Democracy strongly implemented by recent sentation in governmental agencies anci bureaus dealing with every phase of de labor gains, Hillman tells textile workers fense. In June of last year,the APL, the CIO, and the Railroad Brotherhoods were invited to join with me almost as Excerpts follow from the address of centage of industry, due primarily to Sidney Hillman to the Textile Workers defenseorders,It has beenreasonable for soon as I arrived in in the Union, New York, April 24: labor to receive some share of these formation of a Labor Policy Advisory Democracy now faces its supreme trial enlarged corporate earnings. Committee to the Labor Division. The against all who would destroy It. Here members of this committee have been is labor's own historic struggle—freedom Pennanent advance meeting with me regularly to formulate against tyranny—magnified to world This added wage income is of course and execute all national programs re dimensions. an immediate gain. But there is a more lating to labor and defense. One of their first actions was to formulate a general It was a little less than a year ago permanent advance which has come to when our President, sensing the tremen both labor and the Nation. This is the labor policywhich is central to the Labor dous perils just ahead, spoke of the need extension of collective bargaining and Division's activity and which has been for preparing—both todefend democracy the rising number of collective bargain woven into the fabric of the defense In the world and to implement it at ing agreements. These have come into program. home. At that time he took pains to being astheresult ofthe growing accept I do not for a moment mean to suggest assure us that the social gains which had ance by employers of the law of the land that every section of this statement of been reaUzed in the United States must as well as their recognition of the ad policyhas been observed Inevery instance. be cherished and preserved. He identi vantages of dealing collectively with rep However, it has served both as a guide fied those gains with the cause of de resentatives of labor's own choosing. and criterion in the award of contracts. mocracy itself. What this means in terms of better co Labor aides Now almost a year has gone by. We operation for defense I need not detail find that we (in the United States) have to a convention of the Textile Workers From the very outset, we established broadened the base for the greater and Union. It makes for that greater pro our own labor relations staff, which has more effective participation of the com ductivity and that higher morale so representation from the AFL and from mon man in the day-by-day process of crucial to the success of the defense the CIO. Thisstaff consists of 13 repre making democracy work. program. sentatives of organized labor, who give their full time to solving employer- Employment rises Active participatioii of labor employee problems, In all our activities, We have embarked upon a 32-billlon Prom the very beginning ofthe defense we are constantly adding to the number dollar defense program. It provides for program, labor has had a higher place of our labor aides and advisers, as the 16 million man-years of labor—equiva than ever before in the councils of the defense program keeps growing. lent to a year's work for 16 million men. Nation. It has had widespread repre Approximately 2.500.000 people who did ^Continued on page 20) not have jobs a year ago are now em ployed. Moreover, most of those who did have jobs then, instead of working Studies indicate women suited for defense 3 and 4 days a week are today employed not only full time but, in many cases, work; employment of women increasing overtime. Stating that in times of labor shortage The hours of employment per week In women are in demand as production satisfactory in virtually every irin/^ of the manufacturing industries of the coun workers. Miss Thelma McKelvey, Labor job ordinarily filled by men. It cannot try have risen in all industries. In the Division, OPM, on April 19 outlined for be said categorically that any particular heavy goods industries, where defense the Indiana National Youth Administra Job is absolutely unsuitable for women. Past experience has shown that it is orders predominate, working hours have tion the training and job opportunities In times of labor shortage that women mcreased by 10 percent. The increase for women In industry. Highlights of become in demand as production work in average hourly earnings, together with her address follow: As a very natural result of the ers. As a more restricted labor market the greater emploj-ment available, has in- develops, utilization of other sources of improved the weekly income of our work creased demand for labor, men were labor reserve undoubtedly will result, and ing population. given first consideration in the training program because it was men industry women are the largest, most accessible Wage increase wanted and was asking for. source. In addition, many workers throughout The women of this country have al Labor shortage creates demand the land, like yourselves, have received ways in times of great national emer Three distinct phases evolve in respect wage Increases during the past year. gency been ready, eager, and able to to women in this expansion; (i) in With the press reporting a steady, sub assume their place in industrial produc creased buying power resulting from stantial rise in profits for so high a per- tion. All studies which have been made greater production and employment cre- mdlcate that women have been found (.Continued on page 20) ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29,1941 Great Lakes shipbuilding and Negroes employed in construction; labor representatives begin aircraft opportunities developing conferences in Chicago Excerpts follow from the address of nounced, at the behest of the National Defense Commission that "In the ex Sidney Hillman, Associate Director SidneyHillman. Associate Director Gen penditure of Federal funds for vocational General, OPM, April 23, announced the eral. OPM. to the First Annual Confer training for defense there should be no beginning of the second in the series of ence on the Negro in Business, April 18: discrimination on account of race, creed, zone conferences in the shipbuilding in America is arming to defend democ or color." This statement was imple dustry. designed to stabilize employer- racy. And we cannot defend democracy mented later when additional funds were labor relations and insure peak produc abroad unless we extend and preserve appropriated for national defense train tion of ships for the duration of the de democracy at home. Wecan dothis only ing. Again at the behest ofthe National fense emergency. The conference, cov If wepractice democracy daily—by creat Defense Commission, the training legis ering the privateshipyards in the Great ing a truly democratic way of life in lation itself included the following pro Lakes area, was held in Chicago, 111. our schools, in our Industrial plants, in The conference included representa the communities in which we live. vision; "No trainee under the foregomg tives of the private shipyards of the en Prom the start of the present emer appropriations shall be discriminated tire Great Lakes region, representatives gency, the directors of our great defense against because of sex. race, or color; and of the labor organizations, and repre effort have realized that total defense v?here separate schools are required by sentatives of the . would be impossible without the total law for separate population groups, to United StatesMaritime Commission, and utilization of all of our human resources. the extent needed for trainees of such the Labor Division of the Office of Pro And we immediately directed our efforts groups, equitable provision shall be made ductionManagement. It Is sponsored by toward this end. for facilities and training of likequality." the Shipbuilding Stabilization Commit But, realizing that the skills and apti tee. established last November by the tudes of Negro workers were as vital as Employment policy Labor Division of the OPM to insure the those of all other workers for the swift Coincident with this drive for equi- maximum production of shipping for and uninterrupted re-arming of this table defense training for Negro workers, defense. Nation, the National Defense Advisoir Commission immediately tackled this the Commission tackled the problem Shipbuilding conferees of equitable employment opportunities. problem. The first step in this direction was the The Great Lakes conference was pre Trainiog policy announcement of a statement of labor sided over byWalter Fisher, appointed by policy which stipulated that workers the OPM. as chairman. Shipbuilding Our first step was an attempt to see should not be discriminated against be companies invitedinclude: The American that Negro workers should be qualified cause of age. sex. race, or color. Shipbuilding Co. of Cleveland, Ohio; for defense employment when the ex Burger Boat Co.. of Manitowoc, Wis.; panding Industries made their demands In this, the Commission had the ad vice and assistance of Dr. Robert C. Calumet Ship & Dry Dock Co. of South for labor. So when the United States Weaver [now in charge of the Negro Chicago. 111.: Defoe Boat &Motor Works Office of Education initiated a program Employment and Training Section], of of Bay City, Mich.; Great Lakes Engi of defense training in the summer of 1940. (Continued on page 21) the Commissioner of Education an neering Works, of River Rouge, Mich.; Lake Superior Shipbuilding Co. of Su perior, Wis.; Leathern Smith Coal b Ship Multi-million man-hours supplied for building Co. of Sturgeon Bay, Wis.; Man itowoc Shipbuilding Co., of Manitowoc, defense, Hillman reports to Committee Wis.; and Toledo Shipbuilding Co. of Toledo, Ohio. Sidney Hillman, Associate Director existing industries had to be modified. General, OPM, on April 21 outlined to And at every point in this process, Labor conferees the Special Senate Committee for the there would have to be labor—qualified Labor representatives invited include Investigation of the National Defense labor of many different kinds. an American Federation of Labor dele Program the progress of work of the The central task of the Labor Division gation headed by Joseph McDonagh. sec Labor Division, OPM. Excerpts from his has been—and remains—the task of see retary-treasurer of the metal trades de ing to it that that labor is provided when statement follow; partment of the AFL. John Green, pres When the Labor Division began its and where it may be needed in all parts of the country. By purposeful plan ident of the Industrial Union of Marine work 10 months ago, it faced an un ning. we had to match our multi-billion and Shipbuilding Workers of America. paralleled problem. The national econ dollar defense industry with the multi- CIO, will also attend the sessions. omy was to be put to the strain of million man-hours necessary to make it Government representatives include supplying, in the shortest possible time, function. Capt.C. W. Fisher, United States Navy; the greatest quantities and the highest Airplane workers increase 90 percent Daniel S. Ring, United States Maritime qualities of defense materials. Many of Commission; and Thomas L. Norton, ex the items called for were unfamiliar. The Army and Navy so far have placed contracts for $2,400,000,000 worth of ecutive secretary of the Shipbuilding Our productive capacity was tremen planes, engines, and parts. More than Stabilization Committee, Labor Division. dous. but on top of it wenow had to call {Continued on page 13) OPM. into beinga newdefenseindustry. Many ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941 MEDIATION BOARD...

Agreements reached on four cases in week; vation by the United Mine Workers of America and by the northern operators. It was rejected by the representatives of recommendations issued on coal strike the Southern operators, both as a group The National Defense Mediation Board cipal point in controversy, and the one and individually. Jast week (April 21-27) obtained agree The General Motors case was certified which in the judgment of the panel has to the Board at 10 p. m. April 25. The ments to settle 4 strikes and to postpone prevented an agreement, was the matter the Greneral Motors thi-eatened strike. of a differential in the daily wage rate, following morning telegrams were dis It also made public recommendations on between that portion of the Appalachian patched to both the company and the the bituminous coal stoppage. During coal region which lies principally in the United Automobile Workers of America, CIO, which had threatened an early the week the Board received certification western portion of Pennsylvania, eastern of 6 additional controversies. Through Ohio, and the northern part of West strike over wage and closed-shop de Sunday, a total of 21 cases had been mands, requesting both sides to "make Virginia, on the one hand, and that por every possible effort to see that produc certified to the Board. Agreements to tion of the Appalachian region which lies return to work or not to go on strike had tion is maintained with the understand principally in the southern portion of ing that any agreement reached in been reached in the case of 15 disputes West Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and settlement of the dispute will be made involving 196,829 men. portions of northern Tennessee and west- retroactive to Monday, April 28. 1941." The Board received certification of the em Virginia, on the other hand. The bituminous coal stoppage shortly after May 2 was set as the date for hearings United Mine Workers and the operators before the board. Early that afternoon midnight April 24. The stoppage, which in the northerly portion of the Appalach began April 2 because of the failiu-e of representatives of both the company and ian region have accepted without reser the union wired the Board agi'eeing to the United Mine Workers of America, vation the President's proposal. The op these conditions. CIO. and the operators of 8 Appalachian erators in the southerly portion of the The Board then requested James P. States to renew a biennial agreement. In Appalachian region have not accepted it. volves approximately 400,000 men and They have not at any time been willingto Dewey. U. S. Conciliator assigned to the was the largest and most serious contro case, to "proceed with negotiations with agree that wages fixed by future negotia the General Motors Co. and the United versy so far certified to the Board. tions be made retroactive to the date of Hearings before a 3-man panel com resuming work. Many formulas have Automobile Workers of America in an posed of William H. Davis, vice chairman been discussed. The last offer of those effort to secure a complete settlement or at least a narrowing of the issues before of the Board, representing the public, who have not agreed to the President's Walter Teagle, representing employers! the hearing." The Board also wired proposal was to fix their wage scale now both the company and the union urging and Clinton Golden, representing labor, on the baseof an addition of one dollar to opened Friday morning. . "both parties to exert every effort to the dailywage anda properly relatedper bring these further negotiations to a suc Board's final statement centage increase in other wage rates; cessful conclusion before Friday May 2, wages not to be subject to further By so doing you will contribute not only The recommendations of the panel of negotiation, and the contract to run the Board came after sessions lasting to national defense but to the relief of to March 31, 1943. This offer as this willing but sadly overburdened until 10:30 p, m. Friday, 1:30 a. m. the made did not directly mention the following night, and all afternoon on differential. The effect of it was that Board." Sunday. The Board's final statement, elimination of the differential could be Cowles case settled issued at 5:45 p. m. Sunday, is as follows: brought about only if the Mine Workers The panel of the National Defense The first settlement reached last week would surrender forty cents of the one was in the case of the 2-month old strike MediationBoard, designated to act In the doUarincrease to which the operators in dispute between the Bituminous Coal at the Cowles Tool Co.. Cleveland, Ohio. the northern portion of the Appalachian The United Automobile Workers, CIO, Operators and the United Mine Work region had agreed. This offer was ers of America, has explored at length had gone on strike February 27 over the matters in controversy. The pro rejected. questions of wages, hours, and the un ceedings have been conducted in the Two parties accept ion'sstatus. The case was certified April presence of the fact that the President 5 and hearings were held April ii. 12, of the United States on April 21, 1941, After the most careful consideration, 21, and 22. Agreement was reached on the panel is unable to recommend this April 22, pending ratification by the un publicly recommended and urged'that: offer as a substitute for the President's "1. The miners and operators already ion. The Board was notified April 26 in agreement resume coal production un proposal. that this ratification had been made. The panel, therefore, unanimously rec Themen were to return to work Monday der the terms of.that agreement. ommends that the President's proposal, "2. The operators and miners whohave as made on April 21. as quoted above, be April 28. not yet reached an agreement, enter into The second agreement to return to accepted today by the miners and ail wage negotiations and at the same time work was reached in the case of the operators in order that production of coal American Car it Foundry Co., which was reopen the mines, the agreement ulti essential to the national defense may mately reached to be made retroactive manufacturing shell parts at its Buffalo begin on Monday April 28. 1941. plant. A strike was called April 15 in to the date of resuming work." The Board announced that this pro Throughout the discussion the prin volving 1,500 men and was certified to posal had been accepted without reser the Board April 22. The issue involved ★ ★ April 29, 1941 DEFENSE was the determination of the bargaining Committee, CIO. against the Birdsboro Molybdenum suggested as agency in the plant. Hearings opened Steel Foundry & Machine Co. of Birds possible substitute for tungsten In Washington April 25 with representa boro, Pa., over the question of the proper tives of the company, of the Steel Work bargaining agency. The case, which in volved 1209 employes was certified to the A preliminary report on the possibili ers' Organizing Committee, CIO, and ties of substituting molybdenum for Federal Labor Union No. 22518 of the Board April 17, and set for a hearing April 22. However, the Board was noti tungsten in the manufacture of steel has AFL. The Board panel April 26 made been submitted by the Advisory Commit a three-point recommendation to the fied on April 21 that the company, the Steel Workers' Organizing Committee tee on Metals and Minerals of the Na three parties involved "with the under tional Academy of Sciences to the Mate standing on the part of the panel that and the independent union Involved had reached an agreement and that work rials Branch. 0PM, it was announced these recommendations will be fol April 26. lowed." The points were as follows: would be resumed the next day. Last week's fourth settlement was This study was requested by the Mate 1. The strike and picket lines shall be rials Branch, in an effort to be prepared called off forthwith. reached in the case of the dispute be tween the International Association of should there be any curtailment of im 2. The company shall reemploy all ports of tungsten. The United States, workers employed on April 15, 1941, Machinists, AFL, and the Metal Trades Association. Meetings although a large producer of tungsten, at Its Buffalo plant, without discrimi normally impm-ts 50 percent more than nation as soon as possible, insofar as with the Boaj-dover this 18-day-old strike over wages and overtime pay. were ad it produces, and while the present tung work is available for them. sten supply is about enough for all uses, 3. The National Labor Relations Board, journed late Friday. April 25, with the understanding that direct negotiations a curtailment of imports would result in in accordance with the assurances given to the National Defense Media between representatives of the 64 firms an eventual shortage. The United States involved and the union would be resumed produces most of the world's output of tion Board, shall promptly investi molybdenum and it. therefore, is more gate and, if appropriate, hear any in San Francisco, looking towards an petitions or charges presented in ac early agreement. Two days later the available than tungsten. Board learned that these direct negotia cordance with the National Labor Re Sources of supply lations Act. In such proceedings all tions had resulted in an agreement and China and Latin America are the chief parties shall cooperate to expedite that the 4,000 men involved in the dis sources of tungsten ore for this country. hearings, and to that end accept pute would return to work April 28. A second strike was postponed April 22 Other important foreign producers are short notice of such hearings. Burma, Portugal, the Malay States, and The third agreement to return to work At the request of the Board pending hear- Australia. was reached in the case of the 17-day-old ings in the case of the Kellogg Switch strike by the Steel Workers' Organizing board StSupply Co. of Chicago, HI. Tlie preliminary report submitted by the Academy of Sciences states that mo Num Dat« of lybdenum high-speed steels can be sub ber of D8l« back-to- Date Status met] ccrtiOed work issues stituted for tungsten steels "rather Case Location Date of strike io- lo Board agree fettled Tolved ment sweepingly if the necessity arises." The Academy of Sciences report states Mar. 27 Mar. 28 Mnr. Closed. 1. Universal Cyclops Bridgevflle.Pa... Jan. 31.. 1,400 that there will be places in which a sub Sl«el. 225 Mar. 27 Mar. 30 Board iovestl- 9. Vanadium Corpo- BridEevUle. Fa... Fob, 10.. gating issues. stitution of molybdenum high-speed raUoo ol America. 2,200 Mar. 27 Apr. 2 Apr. 3 Clawed. S. Condenser Corpo South Plainfield, Mar. 10. steels for tungsten steels will result in an ration. N. J. Board investi- impairment of quality. "For most uses, Rocic Falls, m... Jan. 21 2£0 Mar. 27 Apr. 2 4. iDternatioaal Ear- 1,500 pitincis.«ues. vestot Co. Richmond, Ind. Feb. 17 however," the report adds, "the disloca Chicapo-Tractor. Jan. 30 6,000 Cbicaco-McCor- Feb. 28 5,500 tion incident to substitution will not be mick. Apr. 14 Apr. 14 Clo.«cd 5. SnoQualmie Falls gnoQualm.e Oct. 28, IMO 1,060 Apr- caused by the inherent quality of the Lumber Co. FalJs. Wash. 7,600 Apr. Apr. 6 Apr. 8 Closed. 9. Allis-Chalmcrs West AUis. Wis- Jan- 22 finished tools, if properly manufactured Manulecturlog Co 25 Apr. Apr. 11 Apr- 11 Closed. and heat treated, but In the heat-treat- 7. Beas Shipping Co... Ncw York City. Mar. 22 Clo.'vd. Jan. 27 nso Apr. Apr. 12 Apr. 12 & Standncd Tool Co... Cleveland. Ohio. Apr. 22 Cloiied. ment operation. Necessity may force Cleveland. Ol:io Feb. 27 80 Apr- Apt. 22 9. Cowles Tool Co..... 1,800 Apr. Meeting with JO. Phelps-Dodge Co.... Elirabelb, N. J-. Apr. Board. many shops to acquire better heat- Negotiating di Apr. 4 495 Apr. 0 11. J. Sklar Mfg. Co Lone Island City, rectly. treatment facilities." N. Y. 2,100 Apr. 15 Apr. 19 Apr. 19 Closed. 12. Minneapolis Moliae Minoeapolis, No strike... In connection with alloy tool steels, Power Implement Xlinn. Co. Hopkins, Minn. the report makes suggestions for sub 1,500 Apr IS Apr. 27 Apr. 27 Closed. 18. CaMforoia Metal San Francisco, Apr. 7™.., stituting molybdenum for tungsten but Trades Associa Calif. tion. 1,209 Apr. 17 Apr. 21 Apr. 21 Closed warns that such substitutions "should 14. Birdsboro Steel Birdsboro. Pa.... Apr. 4 Foundry 4 Ma- be approached with caution and usually cliiiii" Co. Meetins Apr. Apr. 3.. 210 Apr. 17 16. Areadis Knitting Aitentown, Pa... 29. only after trial." Mills. Meeting Apr. Apr. 22«.... 580 Apr. 21 The same qualification Is attached to 18. KelJogf! Switchboard Chicago, ni 28. A Supply Co. e,(oo Apr. 22 Meeting with suggested substitution in the case of die 17. John A. Rocbling Trenton and Hoe Apr. 18.. Board. bling, N. J. Sons Co. 1,500 Apr- 22 Apr. 26 Apt. Plant to reopen. steels for hot working. 18. American Cat A Buffalo. N. Y.... Apr. 16.. Foundry Co. Meeting Apr. Substitution of molybdenum for tung Mar. 16. 1,300 Apr. 23 16. American Fotasb Sc Trona, Calif ... 29. Cbemical Co. sten in valve and valve Insert steel and 100,000 Apr. 24 SO. Bituminous Coat.... Appalaohian Apr. 3 states. In intake valves for aircraft engines Is 180,000 Apr. 25 IL Oeneral Motors. Detroit, Miah— (') not recommended at the present time. • Postponed at request ofBoard. 3Public recommendations made. ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29. 1941 PURCHASES... Compilation of defense contracts cleared Facilities at Marine Barracks, New River. N. C.; $13,000,000. MacDougald Construction Co., Charles and awarded April 17 through April 23 ton, S. C.; construction of shipbuilding drydock at the navy yard, Charleston; Defense contracts totaling $412,567,925 Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation, Port $2,465,000. were awarded by the Army, Navy, and land, Oreg.; 12 emergency cargo carriers; Maritime Commission and cleared by $19,800,000. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES War Department the Division of Purchases. OPM, during CONSTRUCTION the period April 17 through April 23. Mack Manufacturing Corporation. War Department This compares with $104,160,640 for lx>ng Island City, N. Y.; transmission the previous week and $166,645,661 for the Wilaka Construction Co., New York, control differentials and drive assemblies week ended April 9. N. Y.; construction of temporary build for use in ; $9,907,427. Mack Manufacturing Corporation, Cleared contracts awarded by the War ings and utilities, Windsor Locks Airfield, Conn.; $919,000. Three contractors: Long Island City, N. Y.; expansion of Department during the latest period to Gulf Bitulithic Co., Austin Road Co., and plants at Allentown, Pa., New Brunswick, taled $28,355,381, by the Navy Depart Texas Bitulithic Co.. Dallas, Tex.; con and Plainfield, N. J.; $282,000. (Emer ment $19,412,544, and by the Maritime struction of aprons. Ellington Field, Tex.; gency Plant Facility agi-e'ement.) Commission $364,800,000. General Motors Corporation, Chevrolet $1,056,643.32. Division, Detroit, Mich.; 1^-ton cargo National Builders. Inc., Minneapolis, ORDNANCE trucks; $4,289,613.66. Minn.; construction of hospital, Scott War Departuent Field, HI,; $613,379. Navy Atmospheric Nitrogen Corporation. Walworth Co.. New York, N. Y.; fit Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del.; New York, N. Y.; construction of electric tings, tube, and pipe flanges; $1,500,000. powder; $588,087.50. generating plant at Ohio River Ordnance Edward G. Budd Mfg. Co,, Philadel phia, Pa.; Inner smoke pipe; $590,612. Navy Plant, West Henderson, Ky.; $1,100,001. Pranceschi Construction Co.. San Pollak Manufacturing Co., of Arling ★ ★ Francisco, Calif.; construction buildings, * ton, N. J.; manufacture of items of ord- Bakersfleid, Calif.; $909,200. Cost of bread for Army nace equipment; $1,156,932. Ford J. Twaits Co., Los Angeles. Calif.; SHIP CONSTRUCTION construct temporary buildings, Mather in some cases too high Field, Calif.; $1,311,015 Maritihe Commission Four contractors: Whittenbmg Con Cooperation of the American baking Industry in supplying United States sol Sun Shipbuilding St Dry Dock Co., struction Co., Struck Construction Co., diers with the best possible bread at a Chester, Pa.; 72single-screw high-speed. Highland Co., Inc., and George M. Eady reasonable cost while the Army is com Co., all of Louisville, Ky.; additional pleting its own baking facilities is being Commission-designed tankers of 16.000 housing, hospital and water supply fa deadweight tons; $180,000,000. sought and obtained, Donald M. Nelson, cilities for the armored force at Ft. Knox, Director of Purchases, OPM,said April 24. South Portland Shipbuilding Corpora Ky.; architectural and engineering serv Some Army forts and camps have their tion, South Portland, ; 16 emer ices,Havens &Emerson, Cleveland.Ohio; own bakeries, and baking facilities are gency cargo carriers: $26,400,000. $3,736,735. being installed in others. In the mean Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Balti ' Goodyear Aircraft Corporation, a sub time, Mr. Nelson pointed out, a large more. Md.; 12 emergency cargo carriers; sidiary of Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., quantity of bread must be bought from $19,800,000. Akron, Ohio; new plant facilities for commercial bakeries, and some will con tinue to be bought even after the new North Carolina Shipbuilding Co., Wil production of wings and control surfaces In connection with aircraft expansion camp bakeries go into operation. Each mington, N. C.; 12 emergency cargo car soldier eats about half a pound of bread program; $3,642,280. (Defense Plant riers; $19,800,000. per day. Houston Shipbuilding Corporation, Corporation agreement). Appeal to bakers Houston, Tex., 12 emergency cargo car Navy riers; $19,800,000. A study of bread sales to Army camps Thomas O'Connor & Co.. Inc., Cam in seven States, where approximately California Shipbuilding Corporation. bridge,Mass.; storehouse for shipbiUlding materials at navy yard. Button, • one-fourth of the Nation's new soldiers Los Angeles, Calif.; 24 emergency cargo are in training, has just been made by $700,000. carriers, $39,600,000, Tom Smith, special adviser on baked Richmond Shipbuilding Corporation. I Three contractors: Goode Construc goods to the subsistence branch of the tion Corporation. Blythe Brothers Co., Richmond, Calif.; 24 emergency cargo Division of Purchases. Harrison-Wright Co.. Chariotte, N. C.; carriers; $39,600,000. Although the quality of bread being construction of Marine Corps Training supplied the camps is good. Mr. Smith ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29,1941 reported to Mr. Nelson, in some instances 178 Certificates of Necessity for plant the cost is unsatisfactory. Efforts are now being made to adjust this situation expansion issued to 156 corporations so that all of the Army's bread can be bought at the lowest possible figure. Mr. Smith has written to all baiters from April 1through April 15 who bid on Army bread purchases, Bay State Abrasive Products, Westboro, A total of 178 Certificates of Necessity Mass.; grinding wheels and other abrasive urging them to go over their cost items Tjroductfi; $60,000. carefully and then to discuss possible were issued to 156 corporations from Bendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, savings with the Camp Quartermasters April 1 through April 15, the National Ind-: flying instruments, airplane parts and Defense Advisory Commission an accessories; $498,000. who do the buying. Where savings can BU'dsboro Steel Foundry & Machine Co.. nounced. These certificates were issued Birdsboro. Pa.; ship castings and presses, be made through changes in specifica in connection with the construction and tions and methods of delivery, the bakers acquisition of new plant and manufac '^BlMtoawk Manufacturing Co., West AUlfl. have been assured that the Army officers Wis ; Jack assemblies; $76,000. will be receptive to any helpful sugges turing facilities, the estimated cost of Boeing Airplane Co. (Stcarman Airplane which was $36,519,000. Dl7 ) WichiU. Kans.: factory maintenance tions. and truck garage service; $14,000. ^ "The baking Industry has an impor This brings the total issued up to Brewer Dry Dock Co., Staten Island, N.Y., April 18 to 1,302, and the number of cor ship repairs: $122,000. -w. tant part to play in the defense pro The Brown Corporation. -T:,' gram," Mr. Nelson said. "It Is essential porations to 1,125. The cost cf faciUtles hardened and ground steel covered to date was estimated at $878.- Edgar E. Brousius, Inc.. Sharpsburg. i*a.. that the Army be ableto get good bread lorgings. tool steels, pig Iron and dlesel and that it get it at the mosteconomical 942,000. cost." Acompilation of firmsfor the first half "g? ffiWf CO of April, and estimated cost of facilities, Ohio; grey lion and semlsteel castings, * ★ ★ follows: ^^Edward O. Budd Mfg- Co., Philadelphia, Acme Cotton Products Co.. New York, Pa.; cargo trucks and reconnaissance bodies, N, Y-: sxirglCBl dressings: $20,000. ^ Aeroqxilp Corporation, Jackson, Mich., ^Bu^ Wheel Co.. Philadelphia. shells, sel{-s=allng couplings and hose fittings, automotive wheels and hu^; $94.<^. _ Price and purchasing activities The Burgess Co., Inc., Beaver Palls, Pa., '^American Locomotive Co., Ne* N- projectiles; $65,000. , i. of defense coordinated y • Diesel engines and parts; $228,000. Burrus Mill & Elevator Co, of OWajioma. American Steel Foundries, Chicago, nj-; KinKflsher. Okla.: storage of grain; $148,000. steel castings, lorglngs and machine woiK, Busch-Sulzer Bros.—Diesel Engine C^ Full coordination of activities of the St Louis. Mo.; dlesel propelling machinery OfBce of Price Administration and Civil *^AS,aconda Wire & Cable Co.. New York, and dlesel driven generators; $216,000. ian supply and the Purchasing Division N Y,; asbestos shipboard cable: $13,000. The Canton Drop Forging tc Mfg. Co., can "The Arkansas City ton, Ohio; forglngs for aircraft; $558,000. of the Office of Production Management •as City, Kane.; storage of grain: $i80.uou. Camegle-Illinois Steel Corporation (Mingo has been arranged by the executives cf The Atcblson. Topeka &Santa Pe Bail^way Works, Mingo Junction, Ohio), . Co.,Topeka, Kans.; transportation; $2,000. Pa.; armor and special steel for naval vessels; the two organizations. The Atlantic Foundi? Co.. Akron, Ohio; iron and steel casting molds; $7^000. '^CenfrS' Ohio Steel Products Co., Gallon, Issue joint statement Atlas Powder Co., Wilmington. Del.; munl- Ohio; cargo, troop, and transport bodies; Leon Henderson, Administrator of ^'Tuto-Ordnance Corporation. Bridgeport, ^^Chicago Grain Corporation, Chicago, 111.; Conn.; njunltlons, gun parts and accessories; storage of grain; $442,000. OFACS, and Donald M. Nelson, OPM The Cincinnati Planer Co., Cincinnati, Director of Purchases, April 23 issued a * The Babcock & Wilcox Co., New ^^^k, Ohio; metal planers, double housing open- N. Y.; water tube steam boilers and parts; side and vertical boring mills; $164,000. Joint statement of principles to govern Cleveland Builders Supply Co., Cleveland, relations between the two agencies. *^B^^loffet Dies &Nozzle Co.. Inc., Gutten- Ohio; wet mix concrete; $100,000. berg, N. J.; diamond wire drawing dies; The Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co.. Cleve In identical memoranda to their staff land. Ohio; airplane engine parts; $87,000. members, Mr. Henderson and Mr. Nel *^Tlie' Barrett Co.. New York, V. The Crucible Steel Casting Co., Cleve portaticn of anhydrous ammonia; $173,^0. land, Ohio; steel castings; $17,000. son stated that they are in complete Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bate, (Conti7iued on page 17) agreement onpolicies and objectives, and Maine; destroyers; $100,000. said that duplication of activities and efforts of the agencies would be avoided. tions and proposed regulations which Additional lumber will be Working agreements outlined might influence procurement for defense. The Divisionof Purchases willnot clear purchased for Army building Working agreements between the proposed contracts in which the prices agencies will include thefollowing points: Lumber bU3?ing for Army Quartermas do not conform to regulations set by The Division of Purchases will inform OPACS. unless OPACS approves such ter construction projects willbe resumed OPACS of the procurement plans and in the near future with the purchase proposals of Government purchaslrig contracts. of approximately 20 million feet of lum agencies and departments coming within All facilities and information of each ber for nev/ buildings at Jefferson Bar Its scope whichmight influence price sta agency will be made available to the racks, Mo.. Donald M. Nelson, Director other, and staff members will consult of Purchases, OPM, announced AprU 24. bility or affect the supply of goods for freely on matters coming within the civilians. Although no new cantonments are Recommendations which OPACS may range of their activity. in prospect, Mr. Nelson explained that Each agenoy will appoint a liaison additional construction for existing proj make in regard to such plans will be officer to maintain close contact and to made through the Dh'isicn of Purchases. facilitate consultation with the other ectswill require close to 150 million board OPACS will keep il'.e Division of Pur feet. chases informed of all price investiga- agency. 10 -k DEFENSE ir April 29, 1941 HOUSING...

President approves construction Akron, Ohio, will have 300 of 4,470 additional dwelling units new defense dwelling units

President Roosevelt has approved con Way was cleared for construction of the area, or the continuance of need is 300 dwelling units for families of indus struction with public funds of an addi so uncertain or the rentals so limited tional 4.470 dwelling units for the families trial workers at Akron, Ohio, April 25. that private capital cannot afford to by Coordinator C. P. Palmer. of industrial workers and the enlisted take the risks involved." personnel upon the recommendation of In a letter to John M. Carmody, Mr. C. P. Palmer. Coordinator of Defense Demountable housing included Palmer asked the Federal Works Admin Housing. istrator to proceed with the projected The letter also pointed out that in the housing program which was approved by Spread over 10 States case of four communities specific recom • President Roosevelt on February 3, 1841. mendations had been made for the use The letter stated; "As a result of the The localities and the number of units of demountable construction, with the which will be constructed with public location of additional defense plants in Navy suggested as the construction Akron and the resulting increased influx funds under the coordinated defense agency in one locality. It was pointed housing program are as follows: Vallejo, of labor, we believe that the local build out that such construction was deemed ing industry is not able to meet the entire Calif.. 1600; New London, Conn., 300; particularly important in the case of defense housing need." Macon, Ga., 465; Rockford, 111., 80; 1,600 units at Vallejo, Calif.; 100,units Kingsbury-LaPorte. Ind.. 400; Burling at Jackson-Milan-Humboldt, Tenn.; 200 ton, Iowa, 3T5; Rolla-WaynesvilJe. Mo.. Industrial activity increases 600; Buffalo, N. Y.. 300; Jackson-Milan- units at Kingsbury-LaPorte. Ind.; and In a special locality program report Humboldt. Tenn.. 300; and Dumas, 600 units at Rolla-Waynesvllle, Mo. prepared by the Division of Defense 50. Housing Coordination on January 30 it Augment byprivate construction These homes for defense workers was pointed out that employment in designated for construction by public In addition it was recommended that Akron was expected to increase due to agencies will be built with funds provided 7,100 dwelling units could be provided by defense contracts awarded to the Good- under the $150,000,000 Lanham Appro private enterprise in the following lo year Tire & Rubber Co., the Goodyear priation Act. They will be allocated for calities for which public construction was Aircraft Corporation, and the Firestone construction to various agencies by the designated: Vallejo. Calif., 1.800 units; Tire Si Rubber Co. Federal Works Agency. New London, Conn., 100 units; Macon, The WPA, in a survey completed this 50 unitsfor Key West Qa.. 500 units, 150 of which would be month, estimated a 0.9 percent vacancy built by the Defense Homes Corporation; in habitable dwellings for rent in Akron. In addition, President Roosevelt ap Kingsbury-LaPorte. Ind., 150 units; With Increasing industrial activity it proved construction of 50 dwelling units Burlington, Iowa. 450 units; Buffalo, was predicted that labor would have to for Key West, Pla., to be built with funds N.Y.,4,000 units; Milan, Tenn., 100 units. be imported, and it was determined that provided for under the Army and Navy the amount of private construction has Appropriation Act. The Navy was des ignated as the construction agency. It not been of sufficient volume to meet the was also suggested that 50 additional Temporary housing facilities expected demand. units in Key West could be provided for by private enterprise. approved for 6 communities ★ * ★ Defense precipitates need President Roosevelt yesterdayapproved MILITARY MAPS REVISED a temporary shelter program to apply In his letter to the President. Mr. to six defense communities, upon the Topographic maps ofsome of the most Palmer stated that the reasons upon vital areas in the coastal and borderde which the Government housing pro recommendation of Coordinator C. P. Palmer. The shelter will be demountable fense plans of the United States are grams are based vary to some extent in now being revised for tactical uses by each case but generally could be sum dormitories for single workers and trail WPA workers under the supervision of marized as follows; ers for families and will be used only until the Army Corps of Engineers, Howard "National defense activities In the lo such time as more permanent housing O. Hunter, Acting Commissioner of cality have caused a sudden and Im can be built. Works Projects, has announced. mediate need for the number of dwelling The areas, with the number of units Covering an area aggregating over units indicated for occupancy by per Lo bs provided are: Aberdeen, Md.. 200; 200.000 square miles along the eastern sons of limited Incomes engaged in na Allentown-Bethlehem, Pa., 160; Hart seaboard, the Great Lakes States, the tional defense activity. Such need ford, Corm., 572; Norfolk-Portsmouth, Mexican border, and the West coast, the cannot be provided for byprivate capital, 248; Vallejo, Calif., 726. either because the extent thereof is be maps will show natural and artificial The Farm Security Administration will features of the landscape on a scale of yond the capacity of normal building in be the managing agency. approximately one inch to the mile. ★ ★ 11 April 29,1941 DEFENSE

Contracts for 3,428 dwelling units Conservation Unit will serve as clearing house for manu- awarded for week ended April 19 facturers and merchandisers Construction contracts were awarded West, and 666 along the Atlantic sea for 3,428 new dwelling units for defense board. Seven hundred and ninety-four The Unit of Conservation OPM, an workers and enlisted personnel the week of the units in these widely separated nounced Apra 25 that it would undertake ended April 19, Coordinator C. F. Palmer areas are for civilian industrial workers, to serve as a clearing house of informa and 542 for the married enlisted per has announced. tion for manufacturers and merchan The Public Buildings Administration sonnel. disers on the materials situation and assigned contracts for 665 units at Ports Vallejo, Calif., was in the lead, report methods of conservation. mouth, Va.; 300,Canton, Ohio; 300.Mus- ing 384 newly completed units built by Robert E. McConnell. chief of the Unit, kegon, Mich.: 200, Sidney, N. Y.; 200, the Navy for civilian industrial workers. said he would be glad to pass along to Titusville, Pa.; 100, Hinesville, Oa.; 400, The United States Housing Authority manufacturers and merchandisers, upon Wichita, Kans.; 150, Ogden. Utah: and reported the completion of 178 units at request, all the public information he 75 at Jeffersonville, Ind., for the week Portsmouth. Va.; 92. Columbus, Ga.; 36. has available bearing on their particular ended April 19. For the same period, Newport News, Va.; 94, Bremerton, materials problems. This will include the United States Housing Authority Wash.; and 18 at Norfolk. Va. The Navy reports made to him for this purpose by awarded contracts at Nashville, Tenn., reported newlyconstructed units at Jack other manufacturers and merchandisers, for 300 units; Orange, Tex., 200: and sonville, Pla., 200: Norfolk. Va.. 130; data compiled by the OPM. and sug Newport, R. I., 538. Icdianhead. Md.. 83; Great lAkes, Dl.. gestions made by a special committee of 100: and Portsmouth, Va., 2. Nineteen the National Academy of Sciences. Total contract awards dwelling units were completed in Jack The number of contracts now awarded sonville, Fla., by the Defense Homes Cor ★ ★ has reached a total of 51,915 units in 112 poration the week ended April 19. localities of 44 States and Territories; As of April 19. 8,097 units had been 32,295 of this number are for civilian completed in 30 localities of 17 States Bauxite supplies ... workers and 19,620 are for the married and Territories. The number of family (Continued from page 3) enlisted personnel. dwelling units for which funds have been ite production can be multiplied three Of the 1,336 dwelling units completed allocated under the coordinated defense fold in 2 months and fivefold in 4 months, the week ended April 19, 478 are located housing program stood at a total of with little new equipment beyond that on the West Coast, 192 in the Middle 72,953. already at the mines or in construction, the OPM section said. A considerable STATUS OF PUBLIC DEFENSE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION APRIL 19, 1941 part of this Increased production could Funds allocated Cootracts awarded Completed be obtained by merely changing opera tions from the one-shift per day basis to Apr. 10 Apr. 12 Apr, 19 Apr. 12 Apr. 19 Apr. 12 a three-shift basis. If shipping were not available, the load could be shifted on Number of States and Territories 47 47 44 43 17 15 103 30 27 to American producers without delay. Number of localities 136 13C 112 Number of projects 200 260 182 ICS 32 20 Sufficient domestic and South Ameri Number of family dwelling units (regular) 72,953 n.flS3 51,915 48, 487 8.097 6,761 Civilian industrial workers ia private defense can supplies of bauxite appear to be avail industry- - v,- i 23,980 ^ 14,723 12,823 1.72T 1.891 Civilian Industrial workers in Government , able to meet the greatly expanded alumi plants - "'026 J3,026 10.511 10,280 1,827 num production program required by the Otijcr civilians, employed by the Army and | 9,949 7,001 6,39S 1,383 1,286 ^vy \ Vf V4y 2,618 defense effort, the Section concluded. Married enlisted personnel 25.903 19, Q20 18,930 3,160 Number of family dwelling units (trailers) 2.U3>'' 2.035 1.859 1.859 The ore reserves in Arkansas are very Civilian industrial workersin.private defense 1,659 1,659 industry 1. S3q 1,835 limited. If all of the present demands Civilian Industrial workers in Government 200 were focused on Arkansas, the entire plants - 20n 200 200 5,345 3,80! 3,001 Number of units for single persons - 5.24.1 Arkansas supply would last only a very few years. orders that are in the making. They ★ ★ ★ Use of contract service urged must be filled in record time." Appealing to manufacturers to help The publication directs manufacturers the defense program and themselves by who t)elieve they have machine tools and Group resources .•• making the fullest possible use of the other equipment suitable for defense IContinued from page 3) Defense Contract Service, OPM has pub production to write or visit the Defense the Defense Contract Service will have lished a pamphlet explaining how to use Contract Service ofBce at the Federal that Service, which is a branch of the full cooperation of the technical, com Reserve Bank or branch bank for the mercial. and financial experts now mak Production Division. The Service has region in which they reside. It asks that set up 36 field offices over the country ing up its general staff. listed. As one of many duties, Peter R. Ne- to help the Army and Navy enlist every Copies of the pamphlet entitled De hemkis, Jr., special assistant to Mr. Me- suitable factory in defense production. "Only that way can we make more fense Contract Service, may be obtained hornay, has been dealing with a number now for the defenders of de from the Division of Information, Office of projects in the group participation mocracy," the pamphlet points out. "It of Emergency Management, Washington, field. He will work closely with Mr. is tiie only way to get out the additional D. C. Townsend. 12 ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941

Positive action needed for defense success; tory in York today has only 1,800 em ployees and the second largest is the York Safe & Lock Company which nor York, Pennsylvania, program cited mally has about 450 workers. York County has about 248 plants. Addressing the Virginia State Junior Listen to Archibald MacLeish— The most distinguishing thing about Chamber of Commerce convention at "Three generations back—the Ameri Danville, Va., April 19, Samuel E. Neel, York, however, is that it is a community cans had no questions about democracy. of home-owned industries, many of whose attorney, General Counsel's office, OPM, They had a job to do. They had the citizens have a developed sense of civic stated in part: toughest job a people ever undertook— The theme of your convention is responsibility which also extends to the job of clearing and settling and national affairs. Thus, early in July 1940. "Americanism and Defense," and it is my tying together with ships and roads and a number of citizens under the leadership sincere belief that if we do not rediscover rails and words and names the largest of William S. Shipley, chairman of the and redefine what the word "Democracy" area ever lived on as a single social unit York Ice Machinery Corporation, became means in our minds; if we do not restore by any nation at any time. They had uneasy over the state of American readi that which kept hungry, wet men going the job of creating on an undiscovered ness. Far too many people, Mr. Shipley at Valley Forge; what led others on gladly continent a country where a hundred thought, still had an outlook going back Into the dark and bloody ground; what million men could live in freedom from to the time when we were at war against settled the prairies and forded the rivers, the rest, and from each other •* • and if we do not translate that meaning "And while they had that job to do England. into action, then we, as a free people, will they asked no questions. They knew This group of York citizens thought perish and the visions of Monticello, and what Democracy was. They knew what that the time was near when America the Thirteen States and the Gettysburg they were. too. They were the smartest, would have to put every ounce of its Address will hang as trophies in the halls toughest, luckiest, leanest, all-around strength into the defense effort, and they of the dictators. knowingest nation on God's green earth. believed that we should be searching out Philosophy of scepticism Their way of living was the handsomest and preparing to utilize all those scat way of living human beings had ever hit tered and partly idle reserves of machin You and I are of the same generation. on. Their institutions were the institu ery and manpower which could, in an Not many of us are old enough to have tions history had been waiting for. If emergency, be drawn upon to speed been aware in 1914-18 of the song that you had told them anyone else had a defense. filled men's hearts and the beliefs that harder hold on the earth than they had, fed their spirits. But by the twenties we or anyone else believed in himself more Survey of facilities had inquiring minds and, unfortunately, than they believed in themselves, they Thus, on July 1, 1940. the York Manu a willingness to accept the philosophy of would have laughed in your face. And facturers Association appointed Mr. Ship scepticism, and doubt and confusion gone on with their working." which was spooned to us by agile teach ley and three other officers of other com ers. Science was reality. Yes; and the New problems panies as members of a defense program material things of life. We would drink This is what we must recover. Our committee. The committee did not have in as dogma that men were motivated problems are not the same, nor will our any staff and everybody served on a volun for personal gain, with seldom a ques means to achieve our ends be the same. tary basis. The committee's plan was tioning thought. And we were quick to New times demand new minds and fresh to survey the manufacturing facilities in reject with equal facility words whose vigor. We do not have a desire to return the York area and to have the manufac significance lay in their positive quali to the "good old days." but a desire to turers collaborate in setting up a pool of ties: words which had no referent in the meet the hour and whatever it may bring unused equipment so that each member purely physical world about us; words with an ancient strength of spirit. of the pool could bid more boldly on which relied for their meaning upon tra defense work. dition and forgotten ideals and simple PositiTe action As a result of this survey, much to the beliefs. What we shall need is to translate our committee's surprise, they found 1.400 "Patriotism?" "What's in it for me?" vigor and enthusiasm into a positive pro machine tools in 180 plants. Among the "Truth, Goodness, Beauty?" "Don't gram of action. We must gear our in industries which did not mpi

still. Our schedule calls for the building might automatically have said that they subjectfor discussion at yourconvention, a practical way in which you allcanhelp. of 1,120 naval and mercantile vessels, of were using the tools themselves. ilsfcinff whether the American people which 266 are to be delivered by Decem are willing to admit that the philosophy ber 1941. Today our shipbuilding indus Double shifts for tools try, both governmental and private, is ButbyFebruary thecommittee didsend of Nazism is stronger than the courage of a free people, Mr. Neel stated: employing 251,000 workers. Within the letters around asking all concerns to what next 18 months we must provide 309,000 extent their equipment would be avail No! We denythat implication with all the strength that is in us. But while more, so that the total will be 561,000. able. Practically all of the companies denying it we must af&rm and define responded with various suggestions, such "Democracy." For it is that wordwhich Machine tools as. that their own companies might use The machine tool industry often has the toolsduring the day and others might we must defend. We have been born under it. Wehave broadcast it through been caUed the major bottleneck. This, use them at night. youknow, is the primaryoperation of all The next thing the committee did was out the world as our way of life. We stand or fall by the word's significance. in our modern mechanized industry. The to find out what the avaUable supply of new assembly lines basic to modern mass skilled labor was. They made surveys Is it then what our enemies would have us believe? Is Democracy merely a production cannot beinstalled untilafter of bus drivers and workers in stores to system of increased corporate earnings— the machine tool industry has done its find out which among them had mechan job. The work which this industry re ical experience. They were surprised to and a new automobile every year—and the best damn Coney Island in the quires is supremely skilled. After a find substantial numbers of skilled em world—and bigger and better deodor long period in which very littie new ployees. After they had completed the plant capacity was being provided, the survey they then approached the em ants—and the 24-hour blattings of the radio? If Democracy is this—just an machine tool industry was at a low ebb ployers of such persons to see if they of manpower. From 1930 to 1938 it used would agree to release such men for accumuation of machines and money, why then let our stock piles rust and our on the average only 28.000 workers. By defense work and obligate themselves to shipways decay, for we will not need February of this year it was employing take such men back when their defense 85,000, which was a threefold increase. jobs were finished. them. For such a cause men will not fight. Before December of this year it mxist Union support But if Democracy is what it meant to have 101.000 workers. This presents an Then the committee sought out the the Army of Northern Virginia or the acute problem in this field, for only the support of the unions. The union men Army of the Potomac: if it is the spirit highest craftsmanship can translate the blueprints of engineers into one ten- had never been in the Manufacturers' of '76 and the belief In freedom from op Association. The York Ice Machinery pression and the right to live in peace thousandths of an inch precision. Corporation is itself an open shop but and the integrity of man's promise and With the very first awarding of de the committee asked the APL president "certain inalienable rights, among those fense contracts, we tin the Labor Di to get together the business agents of all life, liberty, and thepursuit of happiness," vision] had economic and industrial en the local unions. This was done and 16 if that is Democracy—and I believe it is— gineering expertsbusy analyzing them to union men met the manufacturers aci'oss then it isa cause for whichmen willfight. find out precisely what numbers and the table. They agreed to work together And it and those believing in it will kinds of workers each individual contract to make possible the supplying of defense triumph and endure and live. would require—and when and where. industries with needed labor. The Nation was emerging from a * * * Then the committee invited 300 York period in which a great deal of its former citizens to a noonday meeting which was asset of labor-skill had become rusty or addressed by an out-of-town guest who Hillman-Commitlee . . . lost. One-time skilled mechanics were spoke of the defense program in general. (Continued from page 5) trying to make their livings in service The committee invited the Rotary Club 15,000 planes must be delivered by Octo stations and behind counters. During and other civic organizations to partici ber 31,1941, With an evengreater number the depression a new generation had pate. It asked forsupport from the doc to follow within the next 12 months. risen without acquiring the normal tors, the lawyers, and the ministers. When the job began, in June 1940, only measure of trade skill, end certainly 117,000 workers were employed by the without normal experience in Industry. SabcoQtracting psychology final assemblers ofairplanes,engines, and Moreover, industrial production had What the committee was trying to do propellers. been rising for some time. It had was develop a subcontracting psychology. On January first, this year, the num reached in June of 1940 a level of 115, or The result of their work is astounding. ber had risen to 185,000. an increase of 5 percent higher than in 1929. This Altogether, 34York companies have been 58 percent. Today, 220,000 workers are meant that industry, in large part unre drawn into defense work as prime con employed, an increase of 90 percent. lated to defense, had already reabsorbed tractors or subcontractors or both. The And in order to deliver the 15,000 planes a considerable quota of the existing skill. total value of the orders obtained had by by October 31, there must be more than 2 million workersplaced February reached $30,000,000. The York three times the number originally em Safe &LockCo.has becomea prime con ployed. This means that we must still In view of this situation It is gratify tractor for some 11 or 18 different types provide within the next 7 months 170,- ing to report to you that more than 2 of equipment—all on competitive bids. 000 workers for the airplane industry in million workershave already been placed What has been done in York can be addition to the 103,000 already added. in industry as a direct or indirect result duplicated in thousands ofsmall cities in And they all must be qualifiedworkers. of the defense program. Virginia and the United States. What As secretary Knox indicated to your No serious situation has yet developed it takes is energy and enthusiasm. It committee last week, our shipbuilding in In which there was an urgent need of takes what Junior Chambers have to workers that was not fulfilled. give. Here. I suggest, is a very practical dustry for years was virtually at a stand- 14 ★ ★ DEFENSE April 29, 1941 PRIORITIES Harvard University to test durability of Army clothing New procedure for preference ratings The old "squirrel in a cage" idea is be ing put to a new use in testing wear re announced for Civil Aeronautics sistance of Army clothing, the War De partment revealed April 24in announcing orders and contracts that scientific tests of clothing under simulated field conditions will be imder- taken by Harvard University. Orders and contracts of the Civil Aero Ratings for other a^fendes similar nautics Administration may hereafter Thirty volunteer soldiers will be used be assigned preference ratings by the Contracts and orders of a number of in an experiment that calls for the sol Priorities Committee of the Army and other United States Government agencies dier to march—on a treadmill—for speci Navy Munitions Board, it was announced are already being rated in the same way. fied lengths of time while wearing April 18 by E. R. Stettinius, Jr.. Director These agencies include the Coast Guard, regulation A^my clothing and carrying of Priorities, OPM. the Maritime Commission, the Coast and standard equipment. As a part of the experiment the sol. This action has been taken. Mr. Stet Geodetic Survey, the Panama Canal, and dier's fatigue reaction will be checked tinius said, because of the importance the National Advisory Committee on of the Civil Aeronautics Administration carefully throughout the entire test. Aeronautics. in the national defense program. Under The equipment in the fatigue labora Orders of these agencies may receive the new arrangement, the Civil Aeronau tory of Harvard University will be preference ratings automatically, how tics Administration may have its orders altered to make possible this study of ever. only when the material involved performance of men marching under given preference ratings through the appears on the Priorities Critical List. various climatic conditions prevailing in Priorities Committee of the Army and If the material involved does not appear the United States. Navy Munitions Board without having on the Priorities Critical List, applica Western desert conditions to make separate application on each tions for ratings may be handled through In the first test the conditions will be order or contract to the Priorities the Priorities Division of the OfBce of Division. made to approximate those found during Production Management. summer months in the western desert regions of the United States. . Later the studies will include similar All aspects zinc supply Among questions to be considered dur tests during which Arctic conditions will ing the investigation are the possibility be simulated. situation to be surveyed of increasing the size of the pool, the During the tests the marching times possibility of a general priorities system for the soldiers will be between 4 and 8 A new examination of the supply sit for zinc supplies, or the possibility of hours, but an individual soldier would uation in zinc is to be undertaken by other changes in the present controls. not be used more often than once every the Minerals and Metals Group of the 10 days. Priorities Division, OPM, it was an Demand exceeds production ★ * ★ nounced April 22 by Director E. R. The demand for zinc for all purposes, Stettinius. Jr. HANDBOOK—"PRIORITIES AND Decision to explore all aspects of the including defense and civilian, is now situation was made following a meeting running ahead of production. As a re DEFENSE"—AVAILABLE between members of the Minerals and sult, cuts have had to be made in the quantity of the metal going to non- A handbook on the operation of the Metals Group and representatives of the priorities system is now available for zinc industry. defense channels. Total production of slab zinc in March from all sources ap general distribution upon application to the Division of Information, Office for proximated 73,000 tons. Suppljr-demandreviewed Emergency Management, new Social At this meeting, the present supply and Security Building. Washington. D. C. demand picture in zinc was reviewed, ★ ★ ★ Called "Priorities and Defense." the with special emphasis on the continuing booklet includes a general statement on demands which may be imposed for na MANUFACTURING FOR DEFENSE the theory and administration of the tional defense purposes. priorities system, a question and answer The possibility of changes in the pres England is using at least 50 percent section, a copy of the Priorities Critical ent method of control was among the of its efforts at the moment for direct List, the official instructions on priorities to Supply Arms and Services of the matters discussed. Each producer of defense manufacturing, Samuel Rich slab zinc is now required to set aside, ard Puller. Jr., Production Division, OPM, Army and Bureaus and Offices of the Navy for the month of May, an amount of has stated. Department, reproductions of preference rating forms, and other material. zinc equal to 17 percent of March pro Canada is putting 44 percent of its duction. Out of the pool thus created, The handbook can be made available manufacturing effort into defense, and in quantities to trade associations or the Priorities Division can allocate to this year the United States will employ meet special needs. other agencies which want to distribute about 22 percent for the same purpose. the material to members. ★ ★ 15 April 29,1941 DEFENSE

cials of the Army Quartermaster Corps to discuss this situation and the buying plans of the Goverrmient this year. It News for was agreed that a survey should be made of the wool needs of all of the different Government departments. As soon as cated that there are ample supplies of this survey is completed the totals will Clothing other lightweight sxmimer clothing and be announced so that the market will soon know the extent of probable Gov The men's clothing trades have been that consumer demands can be filled sat isfactorily. ernment purchases during the next fiscal concerned recently with rumors that the year. Government was quietly planning further Prices extensive purchases. The facts are Lumber these: Retailers and consumers as well as the Unless there Is a substantial mcrease Government will be beneficiaries of the Although the Army has bought mil in the size of the Army, and this can be plan which provides for the fuller coor lions of feet of lumber since the defense brought about only by congressional ac dination of the activities of the Office of program started for the construction of tion, the Army is well ahead of its needs Price Administration and Civilian Sup cantonments, contrary to the usual as on doth for uniforms and similar items. ply and the Purchasing Division of the sumption, these purchases do not bulk The "hump" of Ai-my buying is definitely Office of Production Management. large in relation to annual production. past. As far as uniforms are concerned, This new program means that neither Army purchases up to April 1 are nowput for instance, requirements are pretty well the Army nor the Navy wUl buy above at 818,436,000 board feet. In addition, filled and there is no immediate prospect prices set by the OPACS. Both offices in some contractors purchased direct the for large purchases in this direction. the past haveworked closely together but lumber they used for construction work. The situation at the present time with under this new program the relationship Trade estimates put the total lumber used reference to overcoating cloth and serges of the two divisions are regularized and for camp construction at something less contracted for by the Army is as fol formalized. One of the benefits for re than 2 billion board feet. lows: Prom the period from July 1. 1940, tailers and consumers will be that the Annual production of lumber has to March 31,of this year. 11,082.500 yards prices of consumer goods will be more ranged during the last 4 years between of overcoating cloth were ordered. Of closely watched. 21.6 and 26.9 billion board feet, the last figure being an estimate of 1940. Total this amount, 6,074.465 had been delivered Shoes by March 31. Duiing this same period lumber used in camp construction to contracts were placed for 32,565,700 Substitutes can, on occasion, be effec April 1 would be between 7 and 8 percent yards, 18-ounce, light and dark serge. tively used in defense purchases to re of production in 1940. Of this total, 13,316,928 yards have been duce cost. This is illustrated in connec Last summer and fall the Army had to delivered. In other words, on overcoat tion with the recent purchases of shoes. go into the market and buy huge quan ings over half of total orders have been The Army made, earlier in this year, tities of lumber and as a result there were delivered. On serges, a little less than two big purchases of shoes which aggre some sharp price increases. This ad half have been delivered. gated 3,500,000 pairs at an average cost vance was strongly criticized by defense Retail stores have advanced their cov of $3.30 per pair. More recently bids officials and. as a result, prices have de ering for fall in many cases in the belief were requested on 2,837,188 pairs but this clined. As a means of stabilizing the that deliveries would be slower and that time the lowest price which could be se market and preventing a similar upward larger commitments were therefore nec cured was $3.35for shoes with full leather jump in prices at some future date, a essary. Neither Government nor trade soles. It was discovered that satisfac "stock pile" program was agreed upon. sources, however, give any indication tory shoes with composition soles could The Army agreed to buy 266,000,000board that a shortage of clothing for fall and be purchased at $3.15. The Army then feet. The producers were to pile and winter selling will develop. There is at proceeded to buy 548,438 pairs of shoes store this subject to call. It was to be this time no reason apparent why stores with composition soles, with the result paid for when shipped. It was further will not be able to get all the goods they that the average price for the new pur specified that one-half of the total should need. Some retail organizations are, chase will still be $3.30 and not $3.35 as be on hand by May 1. It is now indi however, now covering their needs for first appeared unavoidable. cated that the mills are on schedule with fall to a considerably greater extent than By proceeding in this manner, the reference to the production of this order. usual, in some cases as much as 100 per Army also conserved supplies of sole cent. The cloth situation is expected to leather for civilian use. As previously Conservation grow progressively easier as Army re indicated, total Army purchases of shoes quirements are cleaned up. represent a comparatively small per The Consumer Division Is actively in For the summer season there are some centage of total annual production. terested in the offer recently made by the mail-order houses and other large mer shortages in gabardines and tropical Wool worsteds. This Is due to the fact that chandisers to intensify efforts to substi these cloths are made in only a limited When the Army places orders for wool tute goods made of more plentiful number of mills. It appears that some Eoods after the clip has been sold, the materials for those made of scarce mate grower doesn't always get the benefit of rials vital to defense. The Consumer of these mills may also have switched Division will work through the Unit of to fall lines earlier than usual. Should any price advance which may result. Wool growers and dealers recently met Conservation, OPM. to see that the con the season be a coolone, the demand for sumers' interests are well protected in these lighter weight fabrics will be less with Donald M. Nelson, Director of the Purchases Division of OPM and offi such substitutions as may be made. than now anticipated. It is also indi 16 ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941 TRANSPORTATION... Freight carloadings increase despite coal Announcement has been made by Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner of strike; railroads order 335 locomotives the Public Roads Administration that a Nation-wide inventory will be made of all trucks and buses available for hire or The demand for railroad freight trans Railroads add equipment portation is a composite of many vary lease for transportation of troops and ing factors, relating to different regions The railroads on April 1. 1941. had for other defense work. The Inventory is of the country and different commodities. more new freight cars and locomotives scheduled to begin in June of this year. This fact is no better illustrated than on order than on any corresponding date through analysis of the total car loadings since 1929, according to figures compiled ★ * ★ for the week ended April 19, as released and released by the Association of War Department considering by Ralph Budd, Transportation Commis American Railroads. On that date, class I railroads had sioner. OEM. use of commercial warehouse During that week the raih'oads origi 42,335 new freight cars on order—an in nated a total of 708,651 carloads, an in crease of 21.223 compared with the num facilities ber on order on April 1, 1940. crease of 12.8 percent compared with the Harry D. Crooks, Consultant on Ware New freight cars, for which orders had corresponding week in 1940. housing, announces that the Quarter been placed on April I, 1941. Included This increase was recorded despite the 24,627 box, 15,141 coal, 1,244 refrigerator, master's Office of the War Department coal strike which resulted in coal load shows interest in the use of public mer 1,167 flat, and 156 miscellaneous cars. ings falling off 80,000 cars compared with Class 1 railroads on April 1, this year, chandise warehouses in areas where the the corresponding week in 1940. -niis 80,- capacity of present depots becomes over 000 decrease represents only a propor also had 335 new locomotives on order, of which 166 were steam and 169 were taxed. They are investigating the stor tion of the loss in carloadings due to the electric and Diesel. On April 1, 1940, age of materials on a package basis, and coal strike. With present high Industrial the acceptance of warehouse receipts. there were 115 new locomotives on order levels, it is reasonable to assume that the The leading corporations and banks loss in coal loadings during the week Including 59 steam and 56 electric and Diesel. New locomotives on order on of the country accept the receipts of hun ended April 19 actually ran somewhere March 1, 1941, totaled 298, of which 132 dreds of responsible warehouses all over between 100,000 and 120,000 cars. were steam and 166 electric and Diesel. the country. It would seem that Govern Offsetting the loss in coal shipments New freight cars put in service in the ment agencies coxUd tap a great reser so far as the mass total is concerned was first 3 months of 1941, totaled 18,464, voir of desirable storage space by accept principally a heavy increase in ore move compaied with 20,253 in the same period ance of commercial practice in this ment due to the earlier start of naviga last year. respect. tion on the Great Lakes. Ore loadings New locomotives put in service in the The Surplus Marketing Administra during the week totaled 74,345 cars, a tion, the Reconstruction Finance Cor figure which was not equaled in any first 3 months of 1941, totaled 123, of which 27were steam and 96 were electric poration, and the Commodity Credit Cor week in 1940. Miscellaneous car-load and Diesel. In the same periodlast year, poration agencies such as Defense Sup ings, which Includes the bulk of man plies Corporation and Metals Reserve the railroads put 79 new locomotives in ufactured commodities and accounts for Corporation are large users of commer service, which included 16 steam and 63 approximately 50 percent of the total car cial warehouse space at present. Unless load traffic, continue to hold gains over electric and Diesel. legally hampered, the Army and Navy 1940 previously registered, there being a New freight cars and locomotives and other defense agencies well might total of 344,833 cars of miscellaneous leased or otherwise acquired are not in Investigate these available commercial freight loading, an increase of 29.6 per cluded in the above figures. facilities and no doubt in msuiy cases cent compared with the corresponding forestall expensive leasing or new con * * ★ week in 1940. struction. The details of the loadings follow: Survey of trucking facilities * ★ ★ CARLOADINGS, WEEK ENDED APRIL 19, 1941 to beginin June Consultant will visit

Percent In order that such information would western steel plants 1041 1640 In be available at a central point, in antici crease pation of increased Government pur W. A. Hauck. Office of Production Oralo aod grain prod chases of petroleum products, American Management consultant onsteelcapacity ucts... 33, £12 34,163 -Lfl and steel production, has left the capital 11,502 11,304 Trucking Associations, Inc., has launched Coal 1.8 on a trip to the Pacific Coast to visit 33,404 113,657 -70.7 a survey by means of a comprehensive Coke 9,122 7,525 Forest prodacts 21.6 steel-making plants in the Los Angeles, 40,S94 32,096 27.4 Questionnaire to develop information as Ore 74, 345 15, 178 San Francisco, and Seattle areas, and in Mercbaodise, I. e. 1 to the availability and type of trucks iei,oos 148, IW 8.7 Utah. MisceUeocoos... 344,833 266,065 29.6 transporting petroleum products. The Mr. Hauck will also visit plants now Total 708,651 028,468 12.8 ATA will thus help to act as a clearing CmnulstJve to date. making heavy steel forglngs as well as 11. 454,062 house on orders for this type of Gov 10,020.938 14.8 representative steel warehouses and ernment transportation. shipbuilding plants. 17 ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941

Chicago. 111.; howitzer carriages. $245,000. of Texas, San Angelo. Tex.; transportation; Reed-Prentice Corporation, Worcester, Certificates ... t43 OOO Mass.: machine tools: $74,000. Kerniath Manufacturing Co., Detroit,Mich.; Reliance Manufacturing Co., Chicago, HI.; marine engines and parts; MO.OOO. parachutes and parts; $24,000. j .n . (Continued from page 9) Key Co., Bast St. Louis, HI.: steel castings, Rockford Machine Tool Co.. Rockford, 111., Crucible Steel Co. of America. New Tork, hydraulic shapers, planers, and slotters; *^k?Mear Manufacturing Co., Columbus, $108,000. „ _. N shells; $158,000. Ohio; steel rolling doors; $112,000. Rollway Bearing Co., Inc.. Syracuse. N.Y . Dayton, Type, Inc., Dayton, Ohio; airplane Knappen Mining Co., Augusta, Mich.; stor stralKht. cylindrical roller bearings; $182,000. parts, automatic fuze machines and ammuni age of grain; $30,000. Rosenbaum Brothers, Chicago, HI.; storage tion tiox mounts; $36,000. Lake Washington Shipyards, Houghton, of grain. $50,000. Des Molnes Elevator Co.. Des Molnes, Iowa; Wash.; net tenders, baulk tanks and seaplane Sampson Motors. Inc., Los Angeles, Caul., storage of grain; $100,000. tenders: $188,000. aircraft and machine tool parla and assem Xhe H. P. Deuscher Co., Hamilton, Ohio; The Lamson and Sessions Co.. Clevelan^ blies: $53,000. grey iron castings. $18,000. Ohio; airplane screws, bolts, nuts, rivets and Savage Arms Corporation. TJtica, H. i.. E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co.. Wilming kindred products; $226,000. Browning machine guns; $148,000. ton, Del.; neoprene (synthetic rubber): $7,- A. C. Lawrence Leather Co.,Peabody. Mass., The William Schollhom Co.. New Haven, 500,000. . sheep shearlings for aviation; $26,000. Conn.: pliers, action hard tools, and wire Eastern Specialty Co., Leger Mill Co., Altus, Okla.; storage of cutters; $13,000. m-ki-- fabrication of sapphire materials; $30,000. wheat; $19,000. Scoular-Bishop Grain Co.. Omaha. Nebr., The Electric Furnace Co., Salem. Ohio; Lombard Governor Corporation, Ashland, storage of grain; $18,000. electric and fuel fired furnaces; $27,000. Mass.; screw machine parts; $170,000. ScovlU Manufacturing Co., Waterbury, Empire Steel Castings. Inc., Laureidaie, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad Co., Conn.: fuses and boosters; $81,000. Pa.; steel castings: $37,000. Omaha, Nebr.; transportation; $21,000. Sheffield Steel Corporation of Texas, Hous Charles Engelhard, Inc.. New York, N. Y.: Los Angeles ShipbuUdlng & Drydock Cor ton, Tex-: ingots, billets, structural shapes fuel air ratio indicators: $14^00. _ poration, San Pedro, CalU.; ships for the and barbed wire; $12,000. Ex-Cell-O Corporation. Detroit, Mich., Navy: $250,000, Shellabarger Mill & Elevator Co., Sallna, Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., Louis Kans.; storage of grain; $159,000. boring, grinding, and drilling machines, ville Ky: transportation; $7,000. Somerset Machine 4c Tool Co., Inc.. Plam- *^Pafrand Optical Co.. Inc.. New fork,^ Y.; J.'l. Lucas & Son, Inc., Bridgeport, Co^.; fleld. N. J.: tools, rifle, machine gun. lathe, fire control optical instruments; $1M,000. rebuilding and reconditioning of machine and motor parts; $9,000. Federal ShipbuUdlng and Dry Dock Co., tools: $190,000. Soerry Gyroscope Company, Inc., Brooklyn. Kearny, N. J.; naval vessels: $29,000. Manitowoc Shipbuilding Co., Manltowoc, N. Y.: bombslghts, airplane instruments, and Wis-: submarines; $300,OM. „ compasses; $54,000. « The Firestone Tire it Rubber Co„ Akron, John H. Mathis Co.. Camden. N. J., net Standard Machinery Co.. Providence. B. I., Ohio; buUet proof gas lining of air tenders: $23,000. _ ball thrust and eccentric ball roller bearings planes: $100,000. McGlll ManufacttirlngCo., Valparaiso, Ind., for gun mounts: $18,000. ^ Pleetwlngs. Inc., Bristol. Pa.; airplane precision bearings; $89,000. L. S. Starrett Co., Athol. Mass.; machinists parts and assemblies; $80,000. ^ ^ precision tools; $93,000. Pruehauf Trailer Co.. Detroit, Mich.; trail Miehle Printing Press It Mfg. Co., Chicago, Hi.; machine tools, gun mounts, and sights. Sterling Engine Co.. Buffalo, N. Y.; marine ers, tractors and parts: $619 000. _ engines: $125,000. The Pulton Sylphon Co., KnoxvlUe, Tenn., '^Milwaukee Foundry Equipment Co., Mil Sterling Wheelbarrow Co., West Allls, Wlsj fuzes; $15,000. waukee Wls.: foundry, molding machines, steel molding flasks, steel bottom boards, and The Gear Grinding Machine Co., Ham- core grinders, and presses; $15,000. steel core plates; $9,000. tramck, Mich.; Joints^ velocity and gear Tbe Monarch Machine Tool Co., Sidney, Strom Steel Bail Co.. Cicero. XU.; steel grinding machines; $133,000. Ohio- metal working lathes: $640,000. balls for baU bearings: $77,000. General Electric Co.. Schenectad;^ N. Y.: Montana Flour MillsCo..Great Falls, Mont.; Struthers Wells-Titusville Corporatloix propeller motors for aircraft; $169,000. storage of grain and flour milling: $70,000. TJtusvUle. Pa.: gun tubes, breech rings, and General Engineering & Manufacturing Co., Mueller Brass Co.,"Port Huron. Mich.: brass boat shafts: $649,000. _ St ^Smo. machine tools; $100,000. and bronze rods, copper tubing and screw B P Sturtevant Co.. Hyde Park. Mass^ General Machinery Corporation, Hamilton, machine products; $35,000. turbine rotor blades, main drive gears, and Ohio; machine tools; $502,000. National Carbon Co.. Inc., New York City, pinions; $30,000. General Motors Corporation, I^etrolt^ch., Y.; graphite and carhon elwtrodcs, $1.127»* STondstrand Machine Tool Co., Rocklorf, fuel injectors for dlesel engines; ®68,000. ni • machine tools, pumps, and transmis General Steel Castings Corporation, Eddy- °°National Electric Coil Co., Columbus, Ohio; sions; $113,000. stone. Pa.: armor grade steel castings fortank electrical coils for dynamos, motors, and elec Swanson Tool and Machine Corporation, parts; $25,000. tric locomotives; $24,000. Erie, Pa.: special tools and parts for arma Nelson Grain Co., Inc.. Claude, Tex., storage ment and machine tool manufacturers; Thomas B. Gibbs &Co., D«iavan. Wis^: fuse $35,000. timing equipment and escapement springs, of wheat: $10,000. Taylor-Whai-ton Iron and Steel Co.. High $40,000. „ John Nooter Boiler Works Co.. St. Louts, Bridge, N. J-; manganese steel castings: The Goerz Flour Mills Co., Newton, Kans.; Mo.; chemical, power, and nltrator tanks, $63,000. „ storage of grain: $160,000. $43 000. Northern Pump Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; Tex-O-Kan Flour Mills Co., Dallas, Tex.; Gooch Feed MIU Co., Lincoln, Nebr.; stor storage of grain; $391,000. age of grain; $150,000. gun mounts and electric hydraulic equip ment; $596,000. The Henry G. Thompson ti Son Co., New The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Atoon, Northwest Magnesite Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.: Haven, Conn.: flexible black metal cutting Ohio: synthetic and natural dead burned magnesite; $396,000. band saw blades: $8,000. blocks, truck tires and tubes: $730,000. Norton Co.,Worcester, Mass.; machine tools Tital Metal Manufacturing Co.. Bellefonte. Greenerd Arbor Press Co.. Nashua. N. H: and fused aluminum oxide: $284,000. pa.: brass and bronze products: $189,000. presses for aircraft and munition manufac Orange Roller Bearing Co., Inc., Orange. The Tool Steel Gear tt Pinion Co.. Elmwood turers; $5,000. „ N J.: roller bearings: $53,000. Place. Ohio; gears, pinions, and sprockets: Hammond & Irving, Inc.. Auburn. N. Y., Oregon-Washington Railroad and Naviga $88,000- ^ . steel forglngs; $19,000. tion Co., Omaha, Nebr.; transportation; Triumph Explosives, Inc., Elkton. Md.; det Allan Hancock College of Aeronautics, ^nta $36,000. onator fuse; $11,000. Maria. Calif.: ground school instructions. The Paterson Leitch Co., Cleveland. Ohio; Turbellte. Inc., Houston, Tex.; machine gun $14,000. ,, concrete reinforcing steel bars; $12,000. mounts and parts; $7,000. Hawaiian Gas Products. Ltd.. Honolulu. Payne Furnace & Supply Co., Inc., Beverly Twin Disc Clutch Co., Racine, Wls.; Hawaii; commercial and breathing oxygen, Hills, Calif.; gas furnaces for army canton clutches; $275,000. acetylene hydrogen and nitrogen; $122,000. ments: $114,000. Uniloy Accessories Corporation, lAncaster, The Heppenstall Co.. Bridgeport, Conn., The Pipe Machinery Co., Cleveland, Ohio: N Y.; tail wheel assemblies and aluminum machine tool parts and special tools and alloy castings for aircraft: $7,000. machined steel forglngs; $42,000. Union Asbestos & Rubber Co., Cicero, 111.; Industrlal Tape Corporation, New Bruns gages; $13,000. asbestos pipe covering and Insulation; wick,N. J.; cloth, paper and cellophane tape, The Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad ^., New York, N. Y.; transportation, $5,044,000. $208,000. $65,000. Union Twist Drill Co.; Athol, Mass.; drlUs. International Elevator Co., Minneapolis, Poor and Co,. Canton, Ohio; drop forglngs; $194,000. taps, and dies; $3S,000. Minn.; storage of grain; $6,000. Prest-O-Lite Battery Co.. Inc.. Indianapolis, United Engineering & Foundry Co.. Pitts International Milling Co., Minneapolis, Ind.; aircraft storage batteries: $14,000. burgh. Pa.; hydraulic fo^ng presses; Minn., storage of grain; $140,000. The Public Terminal Elevator Co., Wichita. $792,000. Johnson &Johnson. New Brunswick. N- J.; Kans.: grain storage: $75,000. {Continued on page 23) cloth paper and cellophane tape. $232,000. Pullman-Standard Car Maniifacturlng Co.. Kansas City. Mexico & Orient Railway Co. 18 ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941 PRICES AND CIVILIAN SUPPLIES

Copper producers urged to set prices Manufacturers of farm imple at 12 cents; brass-ingot reductions ments asked to adhere to also suggested by Henderson present prices

"CeUing prices on copper and on brass ing or offering to sell at 12 cents should Manufacturers of farm implements Ingot will not be fixed by a formal price continue to do so. were requested April 21 not to increase schedule at the present time," Leon Primary producers who are now sell farm machinery prices at this time, in Henderson. Administrator of the Office ing or offering to sell at more than 12V2 a letter sent out by Administrator Leon of Price Administration and Civilian cents should reduce their selling price Henderson. Voluntary cooperation was Supply, OEM, announced April 25, so as not to exceed 12y2 cents. asked in the hope "that other steps may "It is recognized." Mr. Henderson All custom smelters should sell not in stated, "that the major portion of the be avoided." excess of 121/2 cents. copper Industry has maintained a stable Mr. Henderson pointed out that in an Casting copper producers should sell price of 12 cents, but that a minor sec nouncing the steel price schedule recently at prices not exceeding 12y4 cents. tion has been selling at the so-called he had stressed "the wide range of fin 85-5-5-5 ingot should sell at prices not outside price which has ranged up to ished products into which steel enters exceeding 13 cents; and other ingots at 13'/a cents or more. This price disparity as a raw material and the importance of the usual differentials. is unwarranted. Furthermore, while the maintaining stable prices in these fin amount of this outside copper is not a Differential question complex ished products." large percentage of the total copper sold. Among the products Mr. Henderson Its price and that of copper and brass "The differential suggested above be tween the maximum prices of custom had in mind at that time were farm scrap and ingot seem to move together. machinery and equipment because of Thus, the price of ingot has exceeded copper and brafss ingot." Mr. Henderson explained, "should not be considered as their importance as a factor in the cost what is considered a reasonable level. of farm production. Instability, thei'efore, now exists In a final. The question involved is a com Text of Mr. Henderson's letter to farm market of large magnitude. plex one to which we have given careful consideration. We are willing to see how equipment manufacturers follows: Voluntary cooperation the suggested differential will operate in As you know this office has recenOy taken "At meetings recently held in Wash practice and, on the basis of our experi steps to maintain steel prices at the levels ence with it, reexamine the question in which prevailed during the first quarter of ington," Mr. Henderson went on to say, this year, In announcing the Steel Price "members of the copper and brass ingot order to achieve the most desirable dis Schedule. I drew attention to the wide range industries expressed the opinion that the tribution of the available supplies of of finished products Into which steel enters scrap." fls a raw material and the Importance of situation is not out of hand to such an maintaining stable prices In these finished extent as to require formal cellingprices. products. ★ ★ ★ One of the products which I had especially They urged that an attempt be made to In mind wasfarm machinery and equipment correct the situation through coopera The prices of these products are an Important MILLIONS OF SHIRTS, TROUSERS, factor In the cost of farm production. As tion of the industry with the Govern such they aj'e related to the prices of our ment. entire domestic supplies of food and fiber OVERCOATS ARE IN THE ARMY Should labor supplies become scarce In cer "This office is eager that producers tain agrlcultuj'al areas as a result of the have the opportunity by their individual NOW defense program farm machinery will become actions to stabilize the market. There even more important In the farm economy. Recently wage Increases have been an fore, it is suggested to all copper pro Approximately 46.000.000 items of nounced in certain parts of the Industry ducers selling at more than 12cents that clothing have been procured bythe Army Moreover, I am aware that certain other cost they gradually reduce their prices until since July 1, 1940, the War Department elements have advanced. But with assured prices of the major raw material and a favor a uniform maximum price of 12 cents is announced April 22. The more impor able demand in the Industry generally. I feel established for all copper, both primary tant items include overcoats, raincoats, Justified in requesting that there be no in crease in farm machinery prices at this time. and secondary. Similarly, the suggestion trousers, shorts, and jackets. I also request that there be no alteration izi is made to the brass ingot producers that Total procurements by the Army of your cash discounts, trade discounts, volume discounts, carry allowances, methods of quot they reduce their prices. Our goal is a certain garments have been as follows: ing prices, credit practices or other trade or uniform 12-centcopper priceand a price 2,292,008 wool overcoats with roll collar; price policies which would have the effect for brass ingot which is in proper of Increasing net manufacturer's prices of in 4,747,984 wool coats; 2,770,935 raincoats; dividual Items, Where prices of equipment relation thereto." 8,994,910 wool serge trousers; 8,977,871 have not yet been quoted for this year I request that you adhere to the price sched- Price suggestions cotton khaki trousers; 8.613,084 wool tUes which were last in effect, i am asking shirts, including flannel and worsted; your voluntary cooperation in the hope, The OfBce of Price Administration and which I am sure we both share, that other 10,166,153 cottonkhaki shirts, and 2,780 - steps may be avoided in this industry. CivilianSupplyis nowsuggestingthe fol 000 field jackets. If carrying out this request imposes undue lowingmaximum pricesto be made effec Production of practically aU of these harctohips on your company in some par tive immediately: ticular. I will entertain a plea for Its modi items is now running ahead ot reqxiire- fication, and at any time 1 will be glad to Primary producers who are now sell meet with representatives of your industry ments. to discuss questions raised by this request 19 April 29, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ☆

While reused wool is lowest in many ing Workers of America. Miss Harriet Goods to be labeled for qualities, it is satisfactory for a number Elliott, head of the Consumer Division of uses. The newness of the fiber plays of the Office of Price Administration and kind and quantity of wool only a minor part in determining the Civilian Supply, reported this week. actual value or quality of a particular In a letter commending the union on Labels specifying the kind and quan this step. Miss ElUott said: "When work tity of wool in consumer goods will be article. More important are the length ing men and women begin to study the gin to appear on wool articles this sum of the fiber, the manner of construction, and the treatment in manufacture. problems of food and fuel prices, rentals, mer, reports the Consumer Division of and other basic factors in the cost of the Office of Price Administration and Buying information concerning dura bility, warmth, shrinkage, color fastness, living with the same seriousness they now Civilian Supply in the current issue of give to the question of wages. I am sure its semimonthly bulletin, "Consumer and care is not provided for in the Wool Products Labeling Act. The Consumer that we shall develop sound and depend Prices." able plans of action designed to keep The new labeling program is the result Division suggests that consumer-buyers encourage the provisionof such informa wages and living costs in line with each of the Wool Products Labeling Act. other." passed by Congress last year, which goes tion on wool products. Legal controls into effect July 14. It applies to all wool ** ★ products except carpets, rugs, mats, and "We are not prepared in America, and upholstery fabrics. This law supple Newark rent increases I am sure we never will be," Miss Elliott ments the labeling of silk and rayon said, "to set up a complicated set of goods which has been in effect for sev declared unwarranted legal controls designed to regulate the eral years. The wool labeling program, prices of those multitudes of things as outlined by the Consumer Division, Rent increases in Newark,N. J., threat which we consider essential to satisfac follows: enedbecause offorthcoming propertytax tory living. Price control became neces changes, are not justified in advance of saryin the last warbecause of inordinate Meaning of labels the final fixing of the tax rate, according rises in living costs. In 1941 we hope to The label will give information not to a statement on April22by Hon. Meyer beableto keep prices at levels which will previously available, showing whether Ellenstein, mayor of Newark, and Joseph forestall the kind of spiraling which the wool in the article is "new," "reproc p. Tufts, chief of the rent section in the occurred during the last war.' essed." or "reused." When a label says, Consumer Division, OPACS. Miss Elliott said a number of other for instance, that an article has "20-per Following a letter from Mayor Ellen labor organizations are forming local cent wool," this means that the wool has stein to Leon Henderson, Administra committees to safeguard consumer inter not been used before. tor of OPACS, Mr. Tufts conferred with ests and living standards. A label may also say that the article the mayor and withNewark housing and ★ ★ * includes "20-percent reprocessed wool." welfare officials. The new tax proposals This wool comes from ends of cloth, for wUl result in slight, if any. increases in Phoenix Iron Co. requests example, which have been reduced to the total annual property tax, the local fiber and then rewoven. Such wool has officials said. They declared there is no relief from steel price order not been used previously by a consumer. excuse for rent increases before the tax "Reused wool" comes from wool prod rate is set and the effectsdetermined. Representatives of the Office of Price ucts which have been used by consumers, Administration and Civilian Supply on reduced to fiber and then rewoven. It is Fair rents bill April 25 inspected the books of the perfectly sanitary. Mr. Tufts was informed that the com Phoenix Iron Co., PhoenixviUe. Pa, in A label may read: "20-percent wool— munities of northern New Jersey are sup connection with a request received from 20-percent reprocessed wool—60-percent porting State fair rent legislation based that company for relief from the steel reusedwool." Orthe label maysay "100- on a suggested bill issued in March by price order issued last week. percent wool" orthatthearticle contains the Consumer Division. The bill will be Officials of the company state that some rayon or cotton in addition to one introduced in the New Jersey State Legis prior to March 31 they were charging or more classes of wool. lature shortly. more for structural steel shapes than the An article made entirely of new wool In the meantime, Mayor Ellenstein is prices quoted forsuch products by larger Is not necessarily better than one con appointing a fair rent committee for companies in the field. Under the price taining some of the other classes or Newark to use voluntary means for the order no company is permitted to charge fibers. The United States Army, after prevention of undue increases. The com more than the published schedules in ef stringent tests, has specified overcoat mittee will consist of representatives of fect March 31 tor the industry generaUy. material made of 65-percent new wool landlords, tenants, and the public. The company, therefore, asked that it be and 35-percent reprocessed or reused permitted to continue its previous price wool On shirtings, the Army has been * ★ ★ practice although it would thusbecharg buying cloth made of 80-percent new ingmore than large companies. There is wool and 20-percent cotton. Unions forming consumer no question involved in this case of pass ing on higher wage rates by a price in Comparisons interests committees crease. - Since there are hundreds of grades of In order to determine advlsabihty of Local action on consumer problems granting this request a study was made new wool, a good grade of reprocessed and livingcosts in the Philadelphia area wool will bebetter than a poor grade of is foreseen through a consumer interests of the company's previous pricepolicy, its new wool. Generally, reprocessed wool committee, created by the Philadelphia earnings record. Its order backlog, and Is only a little less valuable than new Joint Board of the Amalgamated Cloth- related matters. wool, assuming similar original grades. 20 ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941

Democracy . . , participates in the work of a Plant Site Where are its labor leaders? What has Committee. occurred in Norway and Belgium and {Continued from page 4) We are seeking to guard against mal Holland and Czecho-Slovakia and in adjustments that arise from priority or every country where totalitarianism has Strikes fewer ders, with their adverse effects upon blacked out civilization? workers. We have just established a Of course, we have sought always to The resistance to the surge of totali special division in part manned by repre limit work stoppages so far as possible tarianism over Eui'ope Is no ordinary sentatives from labor to protect the in conflict. It is the Issue of life and death In tiie interests of high regular output terest of workers whose jobs might be for freedom everywhere. of defense materials. You and I know Jeopardized because of restrictions placed how patriotically labor has responded in upon materials for defense reasons. All-out production furthering this endeavor despite head Still another Instance of the part that In modern mechanized warfare, it Is lines which often emphasized unduly labor is playing in formulating policies the productive capacity of the workshop such interruptions of production as have for defense is the Shipbuilding Stabiliza that counts. Our defense production, occurred. I have said before and I say tion Committee which was established therefore, must be an all-out effort. It now that in spite of the vast and ever- last autumn In the Labor Division. The must be as abundant as our resources, increasing expansion in industry—a con Shipbuilding Stabilization Committee is our equipment, our skills, and our will to dition which in the past has always been made up of shipyard owners and repre help. It is up to you—as It is up to all sentatives from the AFL and CIO unions accompanied by a rise in industrial dis labor—to give of your best to speed the whose members are employed in the national defense program, nils is no putes—strikes are becoming fewer and shipyards, as well as spokesmen for the of shorter duration. This Is all the time for Industry to fear the results of Navy and Maritime Commission. plant expansion. This is no time for more remarkable since we well know that As a result of the policies formulated the enlargement of defense Industries labor to withhold the full and final meas by this committee, an agreement was ure of its contribution to defense. has brought with it many new perplexing signed recently covering all private ship problems such as labor migration, ad yards on the Pacific coast which are now Every minute counts justments of new personnel to new work engaged on $667,000,000 worth of defense The future of man's freedom today in ing condiitons, and many other factors orders. large part depends upon the hands, the which ordinarily give rise to Industrial A conference covering the shipyards of skills, the resourcefulness of American discord. the Great Lakes began yesterday. It labor. These must be mobilized for our will be followed next week by a confer supreme effort today. The time is grow Other labor activities ence including the shipyards of the At ing short. Every minute counts. I know Labor is represented and Is playing a lantic coast and immediately thereafter that American labor will neither fail nor vital part in the recently established we shall hold a similar conference for falter in the months ahead. National Defense Mediation Board. the Gulf shipyards. By working together in a free and Still another activity in which labor Democracy implemented voluntary fashion to counteract all is making a creative contribution to de In the light of labor's new importance threats to our democracy, we are forg fense Is in the training of workers, now and recognition we can again affirm that ing the Instruments which will be needed being carried on under the auspices of democracy, as the constant striving to In creating the new world of peace and the Labor Division to insure an adequate Improve the well-being of all its people, the dignity of man. supply of qualified labor for the needs Is becoming more strongly implemented of the ever-expanding defense program. in the United States today than ever ★ ★ * Without this training, serious bottle before. necks would have developed in defense Free labor or slave labor Women in defense ... production. Yet in the world beyond our borders {Continued from page 4) In view of the Importance of decent democracy Is facing its ultimate chal ates additional opportunities in occupa housing to the morale and efficiency of lenge. our workers we have from the very be tions which have traditionally been held No American worker needs to be re by women—sales, clerical, and steno ginning pressed for the construction of minded what is at stake for labor in the graphic positions, etc.; (2) a rising wage adequate houses in the areas where new present work crisis. Everything is at level and an approaching or anticipated workers are required. In this respect stake: The right to speak and think and we have just started to get under way. shortage of malelaborresults in employ act as free men; the right to bargain col ment of women as men become scarce Congress has made available $300,000,000 lectively; the right to worship as we for defense housing and an additional for jobs requiring dexterity, care, and choose: the right to have a voice and vote speed, with a minimum of strength and appropriation of $150,000,000 is pending. in determining our own destiny. The But our housing program will have to be craftsmanship. Industry in the United real Issue at stake is whether free labor States is just entering this phase and it much greater and more far flung. We or slave labor shall prevail. cannot depend upon private investment. is not yet clear how far it will go in this I do not need to tell you of the im direction. The responsibility is one that the Gov portance of an efficient national defense ernment must assume in a larger meas The third phase, the one in which program in coming to grips with that Great Britain finds herself today, is that ure than it has done thus far. issue. You know what has happened In order to utilize local labor most ef in which women enter jobs in trade,serv elsewhere. Neither you nor I rest under ice, transportation, and manufacturing fectively and to head off its unnecessary the illusion that it cannot happen here. migration, the Labor Division actively that have customarily been held by men. Where is the free labor of Prance? This influx of women into Industry re- ★ ★ 21 April 29, 1941 DEFENSE

in a letter to all defense contractors— leases men for heavier, more exacting Negroes ... that every available source of labor factory work,or for service in the armed capable of producing defense materials forces. As yet there is no evidence of (Continued from page 5) must be tapped in the present emer the approach of this condition in this my staff. Dr. Weaver [has had] wide gency. And this applies to the impor country. At most, it may be said to be tant new defense industries as well as only on the horizon. experience In racial relations, gained through years of service in the Public to the old established ones. Industrial occupations Works Administration and the United The Negroin aviation There Is increasing evidence from States Housing Authority. The problem of equitable employment many parts of the country of the em Construction work of Negroes has already been i-aised in the ployment of women in industrial occu aviation industry as in all others and we pations, especiallyin semiskilled machine At Fort Jackson in South Carolina, intend to continue the drive there. operations, light assembly work, and Port Meade in Maryland, Port Robinson Three important developments indicate simple Inspection and packing. in Arkansas, and in scores of other camp that progress may be expected in that Relaxation of employers' specifications constructions, Negro skilled, semiskilled, field. Out in California, one aircraft as to marital status is widely reported, and unskilled workers were given wide factory, faced with a shortage of work- and in some areas special attention is spread employment. More than 2,500 era, is already experimenting with a being given to the solution of problems Negro carpenters alone were employed on Negro unit In its plant. In Ohio, an air which will arise as a result of employ these various sites at wages ranging from craft manufacturer has indicated that ment of married women. $8 to $12 a day, and thousands of brick- he will employ at least 300 Negro work Openings (or women masons, plasterers, cement firushers, ers. And in Missouri, another employer plumbers, roofers, power saw-operators, has promised to usea sizeable number of At the request of the Labor Supply and and other skilled and semiskilled Negro Negroworkersin his aircraft plant. Training Section, a list of occupations workers were and are being given em * ★ ★ in which women may be used has been ployment. prepared by the Bureau of EmplojTnent At Fort Jackson, at one point during Security. This list includes hundreds of construction, more than 600 Negro car Army testing new steel helmet occupations in metal working, electrical penters were on the pay roll at the same The War Department revealed April 19 manufacturing, automobile manufactur time. The hiring of 300 Negro carpen that a new type of steel helmet is being ing, aircraft construction, and even ship ters during the construction of the thoroughly tested by the Infantry Board building. All jobs that require great United States Army Hospital in New at Fort Benning. Ga. Exhaustive tests physical strength, or in which working Orleans established a record for that indicate it may prove superior to the conditions were extremely unpleasant, craft in that city. present basin-shaped type now in use by are excluded. World War experience in Up in the Ozark Mountains in Mis the Army. dicated that women, if given the oppor souri—in a community in which not more If adopted as standard equipment, the tunity. could acquire skills comparable than 10 Negro families lived, more than new helmet would serve a dual purpose. to those of men. However, where these 150 Negro carpenters were given em In addition to its protective quaUties, skills could be attained only by long ex ployment through the assistance of Dr. the lining of the helmet is made of fiber perience which women have had no op Weaver's office. Similarly, nearly 300 designed for use as a field hat to replace portunity to achieve, they have been Negro bricklayers were employed on a the present field or overseas cap. The omitted from- the list. Nevertheless, a single Indiana construction job. And helmet liner weighs less than 1 pound great varietyof occupations ai-e included, tens of thousands of unskilled Negro and is suitable for wear anywhere except such as die maker, etcher, core maker, workers received work throughout the in extreme northern climates. barrel reamer, buffer, turret-lathe oper country. Many improvements ator. valve grinder, welder, nail-making The recent developments in the build machine tender, etc. ing construction field have been dupli The primary purposeof the new helmet Is to give greater protection to the sides Demand increases cated. to a lesser degree, in other fields in which Negro workers were already and back of the head. It is said to be Actual current demand, as shown by more stable, better balanced, and there reports and indicated by actual employer trained. In the iron and steel industry, for Instance, there are today indications fore more comfortable to wear than the orders, represents wider and wider use of a larger absorption of Negro skilled present type. of women in fields formerly closed to and semiskilled workers. Plants in sev The new helmet weighs about 2V2 them. As the days pass, women will eral Northern areas have recently been pounds or about 3 ounces more than the furnish an Increasingly important source seeking to import Negrofoundry workers present type. Also, it is made of tougher of training material. Employers are from Southern areas, and employment steel. now thinking In terms of what specific opportunities are expanding in the latter The test helmet has a dome-shaped top types of training will prepare women for sections. and extends down the front to cover the future employment. Up to the present, forehead without impairing vision. It these experiments have been sporadic. In outlining the developments in the above-mentioned industries. I do not also extends down the sides of the head In any community, women may be find wish to give you the Impression that the without Interfering with the use of the ing jobs not heretofore open to them, but rifle and other weapons, and extends in no place Is there a general trend to Office of Production Management is in terested only in advancing the Negro down the back of the head without per ward wholesale employment of women mitting the back of the neck to push the in many industries simultaneously. The skilled worker in the fields in which he has already gained employment. It is helmet forward when the wearer assumes ultimate possibilities in this direction are a prone position. still largely unexplored. our position—and I expressed It recently 22 ★ ★ DEFENSE April 29, 1941 STATE AND LOCAL COOPERATION

Organization and duties of defense councils Security Board as regional coordinators of defense activities in these fields. De in s fense councils can assist in (a) estab lishment of regional or local health units The wide range of civilian defense ac in defense areas, (&) collection of factual mulated by committees of the council and data as to the necessity for additional tivities in which State and local defense also those of local or regional councils. councils are already engaged, and sug public water supplies and sewagesystems Outside of the service functions, the in critical defense areas, (c) organiza gested lines of development are summar council's tasks are to advise on policy and ized in a memorandum issued by Frank tion of adequate entertainment and to assure effective coordination of Fed recreational programs for troopsoffduty, Bane, Director, Division of State and Lo eral, State, and local effort for the cal Cooperation, OEM. (d) collection of data and analysis of achievement of defense objectives. problems arising from rapid increase in Copies of the memorandum, which Specific activities of defense councils school attendance in defense areas, and supplements the basic memorandum, in eight functional fields include: (e) cooperation with or establishment "State and Local Cooperation in Na 1. Agricultural resources and produc of State and local nutrition committees. tional Defense," issued August 2, 1940, tion.—In cooperation with representa have been sent to the 44 State defense 4. //ousi7ig.—worlcing with field rep tives of the Department of Agriculture, resentatives of the Office of the Defense councils for distribution to the 1,000 of the agricultural committees of some de ficial local councils. Defense council or Housing Coordinator, the housing com fense councilsare participating in studies mittees of many defense councils are ganization and operation and 8 fields of of agricultural conditions and resources, helpingin the formulation and execution responsibility of the councils are dis with a view to development of local pro of the homes registration program for cussed. grams for production of foodstuffs and defense problem areas. These commit The Division of State and Local Coop other agricultural products consistent tees are also assisting in the collection eration, it is pointed out, is responsible with requirements for domestic and for of factual data on which to base esti for outlining defense plans and programs eign consumption and the establishment mates of housing requirements. of importance to the States and localities of emergency reserves. 5. Human resources and skills. De and for guiding defense council work in 2. Civil protection.~C\v\\ protection is fense council human resources and skills the development and execution of such one of the most important responsibili committees have cooperated in a number plans. ties of State and local defense councils. of States with the State employment Sugfesfed set-up The War and NavyDepartments, the De service in arranging for registration of partment of Justice, and other Federal A number of councils already have persons for defense jobs. These com agencies are cooperating in preparing mittees are working with local repre appointed qualified, full-time executive detailed technical information in this sentatives of the National Committee directors. In many cases, there is now field. For successful execution, this pro for the Conservation of Manpower in De need for comparable executives for local gram calls for extensive civilian partici fense Industries, who assist industry defense councils. Each executive di pation and the full cooperation of Fed rector. with necessary assistants, witliin their States by plant surveys, by eral, State, and local authorities. identifying danger spots in factories, and should carry four responsibilities of an The first of a series of bulletins on civil auxiliary or "service" nature; (I) in by recommending appropriate correc defense, entitled "Suggestions for State tive action. Several of these commit formation Service on all defense activities and Local Fire Defense," has been issued. in the State; tees have been cooperating with estab It indicates the first steps that may be lished governmental agencies in making (2) Public Relations Service—use of taken to assure adequate fire protection. plans for defense training of public per radio, press,speakers,and other channels Other subjects relating to civil defense, sonnel and of skilled workers in defense to keep the public informed; to be covered in later bulletins, are: (a) Industries. It is advisable that they be (3) Development of Organization — Protective construction; (b) air-raid concerned also with long-range planning assistanceto local officials in the organi protection for the individual; (c) medi and studying methods of absorbing men zation and development of local and cal care and sanitation; (d) air-raid released from employment on the defense regional defense councils when and where warning system; (e) black-outs; (/) de program when the emergency passes. required within the State; fense against chemical warfare. 6. Industrial resources and produc- (4) Research and Planning—A repre Meanwhile, State and local defense «on,—Committees in this field assist the sentative of the planning board in each councils are developing plans for mobili Defense Contract Service in (a) secur State and locality should be designated zation of police resources in the States ing and making available local informa to assist the executive director of the and for the coordination, in the event of tion with respect to tools and Industrial defense council in research and planning emergency, of the police and fire services facilities, (b) handling or directing for activities. and other regular or emergency agencies. appropriate attention inquiries concern 3. Health, Welfare, and Related De Council responsibilities ing the need for subcontracting facilities fense Activities.—Technical direction for or the availability of production facilities, With technical assistance in these four work will be received from the Fedei-al auxiliary or service fields, the executive (c) rendering general advisory service Coordinator of Health, Welfare, and Re and referring detailed inquiries concern director will bein a position to expedite lated Defense Activities, who has desig- and coordinate programs of action for ing goverrunental financial assistance on nated regional directors of the Social defense orders to the district manager 23 April 29, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★

fected. Bulletins on these subjects have of the Defense Contract Service, (d) obligations, for inside duty, full time if servicing district officers of the Defense required. been issued by the Division of State and Contract Service in local areas, and (e) The volunteer observers will be sta Local Cooperation. supplying pertinent information regard tioned at appropriate locations, both in Other aspects of civilian defense to be ing prospective plant sites, when and if and outside cities, and will be trained in covered in future bulletins are: Protec tive construction; air raid protection for requested. observing and reporting movements of the individual; medical care and sanita 7. Price stabilization and consumer aircraft in a given area. protection.—Committee.s on consumer All observers in each area will report tion; air raid warning system: blackouts; protection have been active in a number to a "filter unit." This unit will elimi and defense against chemdcal warfare. nate all nonessentlal information and of States and localities. Their activities * ★ ★ include strengthening of existing ma will transmit important reports to an chinery for consumer protection to pre "information center." There the reports "Combat clothing" issued vent speculative accumulation, with will be studied and plotted graphically so holding, and hoarding of materials and that calculations can be made for inter for armored force commodities; checking of food laws; ception of invading bombers by pursuit comparing and following up enforcement aircraft. Designed especially for the armored force, "combat clothing," consisting of methods; and publicizing in various ways May use own autos the national defense progi-am of con helmet, jacket, and trousers similar to Persons registering for outside obser the commercial overall, is now being is sumer protection. Technical direction vation duty will, in most cases, be re- of the activities of such committees is sued in substantial quantities, according o.uired to provide their own transporta to a War Department announcement. now furnished by the Office of Price Ad tion. In many instances this will involve ministration and Civilian Supply, estab The basic material is khaki cotton the use of automobiles or other personally lished on April 11. cloth, treated to make it water repellant. owned vehicles since spotting posts may 8. Works and facilities.—Committees The garments are lined with regulation be in areas not served by public convey olive-drab-melton. in this field aid in the determination of ances. Men registering as outside ob need for additional works for water sup The helmet fits closely over the head servers must be trustworthy citizens se with a fastening under the chin and a ply, sanitation, power production and lected without regard to race, creed, or transmission, and transportation facili "curtain" in the rear, partially covering color. ties, the lack of which would impede the the neck. The jacket is plain-cut, full Men and women registering for inside defense effort. These committees have in the back, patch pockets in the front duty will be employed as chauffeurs, tele been working in some cases with the civil with knitted wristlets and a knitted band phone operators, teletype operators, radio protection committees of State and local at the neck and waist as protection operators, scanners, plotters, tellers, defense coimcils on plans for protection against wind It is fastened in front by clerks, typists, et cetera. All registrants of public works and utilities. a zipper. The trousers are similar to the must be dependable citizens and should commercial overall except the legs are

* ★ ★ be willing to enlist in event of war fastened at the bottom with tapes and No uniforms will be provided volunteer a zipper closes the "bib." aircraft observers at the outset. An arm The new outfit is designed for com Volunteers for alr-warnmg brassard or other simple means of identi fort and warmth yet allows the soldier service should apply to fication will be used. freedom of action. local defense councils Many have volunteered * * * Many people have already notified the state and local defense councils are to G. H. Q. Air Force Headquarters and the Certificates ... assist the Army Air Corps by conducting Division of State and Local Cooperation (Continued from page 17} a Nation-wide r^istration of civilian of their eagerness to participate in this United States Rubber Co., New Yorl:. N. Y.: volunteer aircraft spotters for observa work. All such offers are referred to gas mask tubes, track block equipment lor tion service, Director Frank Bane has an tanks and plant protection; $106,000. the State defense councils. Further de Vanadium Corporation of America, New nounced. This arrangement has been tails as to participation of defense coun York, N. Y.; low carbou lerro-chromlum made by the Division at the request of Lt. alloys; $902,000. cils in the observation service are now Veeder-Root, Inc., Hartford, Conn.; count- Gen. Delos C. Emmons, Commander of being developed by the G. H. Q. Air Force lug devices and trench mortar fuses; $157,000. the General Headquarters Air Force. Headquarters and the Division, Mr. Bane Vickers, Inc. (Waterbury Tool Dlv.). Water- The aircraft warning service is divided bury, Conn.; hydraulic pumps, transmissions said. These arrangements are expected and controls; $207,000. into two major fields; first, instrumental to be transmitted to the defense councils Ward Leonard Electric Co., Mt. Vernon, observation conducted by military per N. y.; electric pottery products and electric within the next ten days. resistors and rheostats; $46,000. sonnel: and. second, the observer corps, Warren Steam Pump Co., Warren. Mass.; for which extensive use of civilian vol Additional civilian defense pumping machinery and plant protection; $28,000. unteers is contemplated. In discussing this new registration The Welln Davit & Boat Corporation. service, Mr. Bane called attention to some Perth Amboy. N. J.; davits, winches, llfefloats Two types of observers and lifeboats; $11,000. of the strictly civilian or "passive" de Western Maryland Railway Co.. Baltimore, Two types of volunteers are sought by fense activities already under way by de Md.; transportation; $330,000. Western Pipe & Steel Co, of California; San the Air Corps: First, men beyond the fense councils. A broad use of the term Francisco, Calif.; steel cargo vessels and light draft age or unflt for combat duty to "civilian defense" would include all lines ers; $835,000. of the defense council organization, he The White Motor Co.. Cleveland, Ohio; give part-time service as outside ob scout cars and personnel carriers; $95,000. servers; and second, fairly young men said. Fire defense and emergency police N. A. Woodworth Co., Ferndale, Mich.; air and women, comparatively free of family mobilization programs are being per plane engine parts; $37,000 T

24 ★ DEFENSE ★ April 29, 1941

In past year production rose about 27 Basic approach Our basic approach to this problem percent, wholesale prices only 5 percent, of maintaining price stability during a period in which defense needs are draw and official cost of living index about ing more and more heavily on produc tive capacity of the country, is to mcrease 2 percent, Henderson points out the supply of goods. When that approach fails because of the time required to con On April 24, Leon Henderson, Admin in the corporate income tax. Ti-y that struct new plants, to train workmen, or istrator, OPACS, made an address over out on your own income tax. the Mutual Broadcasting System net to build ships, then other steps must be work. excerpts from which follow: Sceptics discredited taken. At that point we will move in as we have in several cases already and im This country, since last June, has pro Many skeptical observers say that in pose mandatory price ceilings. duced more goods and services than it. flation is inevitable, unless harsh meas or any other nation, ever did in a like ures, like Germany employs, are used In But let me impress this fact on you most earnestly. number of months. We produced 11 this country. percent more industrial goods than 1929. I deny this most emphatically. We want to avoid "going to law" to After taking out the income and produc In the past year, this country has had achieve our goal of relatively stable tion which were diverted to defense the greatest increase It ever knew In prices. I have enough confidence In the needs, the average person had more food, production, but wholesale prices went up patriotism of American businessmen, of clothing, and other consumer Items than only five percent while production was farmers, and of labor to believe they will ever before In our history. rising about 27 percent. The offlcial cost cooperate in this effort, once they under But next year this country expects to of living index went up about 2 percent. stand clearly what we are trying to do pay out $20 billion at least for defense— This restraint was due to a number of and why it is important to the whole Instead of $4 billion, and I believe It may reasons. First, we had a surplus of men, country. be more than $20 billion. money, and machinery. Next, business In any price administration effort the Will we get the additional $16 billion men recognized generally, for the first Important thing to remember is that one as we have since last May out of the In time, that rising prices Interfere with man's price Is another man's cost and creased production of our mines, fac production and may even destroy busi that a price rise anywhere along the line tories, and farms? Or will we reduce ness. Also, the Government got to work leads to cumulative price increases high our standard of living by $16 billion? early with its pressures to resist price er up in the production and distribution Let me say one thing for certain. If rises. process. we permit wild uprushing and runaway prices to land us in inflation—then we Price stability hard to maintain Action on three fronts will be compelled to take all defense Now, however, the problem of main The Government is moving on three effort from our stock piles of income. taining price stability Is becoming more fronts to maintain stability in our eco A gradual rise in the price level, due difScult. Demands for raw materials, nomic system at a time when serious dis to our enormously increased activity, supplies, labor, shipping, power, railroad locations are threatened by needs of the may be inevitable—but it certainly can transportation—all will be intensified. armament program—it is controlling not be called inflation. But it will add And in some cases the materials and prices where necessary, it is expanding to the cost of defense. Roughly, every facilities available for use by plants man supply of goods where possible, and it is rise of one point In the level of prices ufacturing civilian goods will have to be curtailing consumer buying power to nar now may cost the country half a billion curtailed sharply. That situation has row the gap between demand for goods dollars. To put it another way, a $5 rise already developed in aluminum, zinc, and the supply of goods which inevitably in the price of steel per ton represents machine tools, steel, and some other will develop as the defense program about as much as a 5-percent increase items. progresses.

OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Watne Coy, Liaison Officer. AcRicTJtTURE Division of ths Aovisobt Com Information Division: Robert W. Horton, Office of Production Management: mission: Chester Davis, Commissioner. Director. Central Administbativb Services: Sidney National Defense Medution Boaso. Clarence Sherwood, Director. William S. Knudsen, Director General. Dykstra, Chairman. Sidney Hillman, Associate Director General. Commercial and Cultural Relations Be National Defense Research CoMMrmat: Dr. Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson tween THE American Republics: Nelson Vannevar Bush, Chairman. Secretary of the Navy, PranR Knox. Rockeleller. Cooi-dinator. Secretary, Herbert Emmerich. Office of Peice Administration and Civilian General Counsel, John Lord CBrlan. Defense Communications Board: James Stjpplt: Leon Henderson, Administrator. Production Division: John D. Biesers Lawrence Fly, Chairman. Consumer Division: Harriet Elliott, Di Director. rector. PURCKASES Division: Donald M. Nelson Defense Housing Divibion: C. P. Palmer, Director. ' Coordinator. Stato and Local Cooperation: Frank Bane, PRioariTES E)ivision: E, R. Stettinius, Jr Health, Welfare. Nothition. Recreation, and Director. Director. Labor Division: Sidney Hillman, Director. Related AcrivmEs: Paul V. McNutt, Co- Transportation Division of the Aovxsort ordiTUitor. Research and Statistics Bureau: Stacy Commission: Ralph B'udd, tommissioner. May, Chief.

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