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Single-Celled Organisms

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Single-Celled Organisms Single-Celled Organisms • Humans are made up of millions of tiny cells (multi-celled organisms). • Microorganisms are made up of only ONE cell (single-celled organisms) 1.Single-celled organisms are simple life forms Include: bacteria, protists and others. They move, find food, grow, and make new organisms. 2. Bacteria are one-celled organisms that do NOT have a nucleus. The material that is usually in a nucleus can be found all over the cytoplasm instead. More bacteria on earth than any other living thing Some bacteria are helpful, and some are harmful. One handful of soil can contain billions of bacteria. 3. Protists are a kind of single-celled organism. They live everywhere including pond water, saltwater, animals, and humans Amoebas have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus They move by: changing their shape. 4. Algae are plant-like organisms that Live in water, moist places, and under rocks Among the oldest things on earth! Algae have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and chloroplast. Algae produce most of the oxygen that you breathe! 5. How do single-celled organisms move? Tail-like parts called flagella Hair like structures called cilia Paramecium also use their cilia to get food Multi-Celled Organisms Multi-celled organism is made of up of more than one cell. Plants, animals and other living things. Made up of different kinds of cells that have certain jobs to do. Muscle cells, white blood cells, and nerve cells For example: the cells that make up your heart work together to move oxygen and blood to other cells throughout your body. How the body works: Cells www.educationdiscovery.com Harmful Microorganisms A microorganism is a living thing that is too small to be seen without a microscope. • Microorganisms live everywhere on Earth. • Soil, air and water o Bacteria make up the largest group of microorganisms o Fungi, algae, protozoa (amoebas and paramecium) Harmful Microorganisms Bacteria www.educationdiscovery.com Harmful Microorganisms • Some harmful bacteria such as Salmonella or E. Coli can make you sick. Harmful bacteria can be found in: Raw chicken and other meat, raw eggs and other foods • A virus also causes disease. smaller than bacteria • NOT a living thing. Viruses cause diseases, and they change as they reproduce Examples: Colds, flu, and chicken pox. Medicine that kills one virus cannot kill another virus. • Fungi is another harmful microorganism Causes diseases in plants and infections in people. Example: athletes foot, make food spoil (bread mold) Fungus rots food and wood We could NOT live without Microorganisms. E-coli helps your body digest, or break down, the food you eat. o Ex. Bacteria helps cows digest grass; termites could not digest the wood they chew without bacteria. Humans use microorganisms to make certain foods. o Turn milk into cheese and yogurt. o Yeast to make dough rise • Bacteria and fungi are decomposers Without it, Earth would be covered with a layer of dead plants and animals. Algae are the main producers. Source of food and energy for living things. Puts oxygen into the air for animals to breathe. Algae www.educationdiscovery.com Protozoa are helpful too. They are food for animals that live in water. Help remove harmful wastes from sewage at water treatment plants. Living with Microorganisms Wash your hands after cooking. Antibiotics: medicines that cure diseases caused by bacteria. o Kill harmful bacteria, but can kill helpful bacteria too. o Eating yogurt can help put back the helpful bacteria. .
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