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The History of Redistricting in Georgia
GEORGIA LAW REVIEW(DO NOT DELETE) 11/6/2018 8:33 PM THE HISTORY OF REDISTRICTING IN GEORGIA Charles S. Bullock III* In his memoirs, Chief Justice Earl Warren singled out the redistricting cases as the most significant decisions of his tenure on the Court.1 A review of the changes redistricting introduced in Georgia supports Warren’s assessment. Not only have the obligations to equalize populations across districts and to do so in a racially fair manner transformed the makeup of the state’s collegial bodies, Georgia has provided the setting for multiple cases that have defined the requirements to be met when designing districts. Other than the very first adjustments that occurred in the 1960s, changes in Georgia plans had to secure approval from the federal government pursuant to the Voting Rights Act. Also, the first four decades of the Redistricting Revolution occurred with a Democratic legislature and governor in place. Not surprisingly, the partisans in control of redistricting sought to protect their own and as that became difficult they employed more extreme measures. When in the minority, Republicans had no chance to enact plans on their own. Beginning in the 1980s and peaking a decade later, Republicans joined forces with black Democrats to devise alternatives to the proposals of white Democrats. The biracial, bipartisan coalition never had sufficient numbers to enact its ideas. After striking out in the legislature, African-Americans appealed to the U.S. Attorney General alleging that the plans enacted were less favorable to black interests than alternatives * Charles S. Bullock, III is a University Professor of Public and International Affairs at the University of Georgia where he holds the Richard B. -
Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide
Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide Guide to the educational resources available on the GHS website Theme driven guide to: Online exhibits Biographical Materials Primary sources Classroom activities Today in Georgia History Episodes New Georgia Encyclopedia Articles Archival Collections Historical Markers Updated: July 2014 Georgia Historical Society Educator Web Guide Table of Contents Pre-Colonial Native American Cultures 1 Early European Exploration 2-3 Colonial Establishing the Colony 3-4 Trustee Georgia 5-6 Royal Georgia 7-8 Revolutionary Georgia and the American Revolution 8-10 Early Republic 10-12 Expansion and Conflict in Georgia Creek and Cherokee Removal 12-13 Technology, Agriculture, & Expansion of Slavery 14-15 Civil War, Reconstruction, and the New South Secession 15-16 Civil War 17-19 Reconstruction 19-21 New South 21-23 Rise of Modern Georgia Great Depression and the New Deal 23-24 Culture, Society, and Politics 25-26 Global Conflict World War One 26-27 World War Two 27-28 Modern Georgia Modern Civil Rights Movement 28-30 Post-World War Two Georgia 31-32 Georgia Since 1970 33-34 Pre-Colonial Chapter by Chapter Primary Sources Chapter 2 The First Peoples of Georgia Pages from the rare book Etowah Papers: Exploration of the Etowah site in Georgia. Includes images of the site and artifacts found at the site. Native American Cultures Opening America’s Archives Primary Sources Set 1 (Early Georgia) SS8H1— The development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. Illustration based on French descriptions of Florida Na- tive Americans. -
John Milledge Letter
10/18/2014 John Milledge letter John Milledge letter Descriptive Summary Repository: Georgia Historical Society Creator: Milledge, John, 1757-1818. Title: John Milledge letter Dates: 1793 Extent: 0.05 cubic feet (1 folder) Identification: MS 1796 Biographical/Historical Note John Milledge, II (1757-1818) was born in Savannah, Georgia, the only son of John Milledge (1721-1781) and Ann (Smith) Milledge. A prominent lawyer, Milledge sided with the patriots and fought in the Revolutionary War, served as Attorney-General of Georgia in 1780, as a member of the Georgia House of Representatives (1782-1790), as a member of the United States Congress (1792-1801), as Governor of Georgia (1802- 1806), and as a United States Senator (1806- 1809). In 1801, Milledge purchased a 633 acre tract of land for $4,000 and named it "Athens" in honor of Greece's ancient center of culture and learning. He was a key figure in the establishment of the University of Georgia. Not only was he on the committee that decided the location of the institution, but he donated the 633 acre tract of land where the university and the city of Athens now stand. The Georgia state legislature called for the establishment of a town to be named after Milledge in 1803 and one year later Milledgeville became Georgia's fourth capital. Milledgville, located in Baldwin County, served as Georgia's state capital from 1804 until 1868. Milledge resigned his Senate seat in 1809 and returned to Georgia to be with his wife, Martha Galphin Milledge, who was very ill and later died. -
Vol. IV of Minutes of the Trustees of the University of Georgia (November 6, 1858 – August 1, 1877) PART I: COVERING YEARS
Vol. IV of Minutes of the Trustees of the University of Georgia (November 6, 1858 – August 1, 1877) PART I: COVERING YEARS 1858 –1871 and PART II: COVERING YEARS 1871 –1877 Vol. IV of Minutes of the Trustees of the University of Georgia (November 6, 1858 – August 1, 1877) PART I: COVERING YEARS 1858 –1871 pages 1- 364 of the original holograph volume or pages 1- 277 of the typed transcribed source put into electronic form by Susan Curtis starting: May 28th, 2010 finished: June 9, 2010 personal notes: 1. Beginning on page 294 whoever was typing the manuscript began using m.s. for misspelled words instead of sic. The problem is sometimes the word was corrected and sometimes not. I retained the (m.s.) designation when the typist corrected the spelling and substituted sic when the text is still misspelled. 2. Beginning on page 294 the typist switched to double spacing the text. I retained the spacing which had been used previously. 3.The words conferred, referred and authorize often were spelled as confered, refered, and authorise respectfully and were left as they appeared (not highlighted). page numbers in this version refer to the page number found in the original holograph minutes (not those of the typed transcription) and are indicated as: (pge 1) Penciled in remarks from the source text are preserved in this edition in parentheses. This may be confused with text which appears to have been entered in parenthesis in the original document. Any changes made by the current transcripting party are in brackets. As with previous volumes begun on Sept. -
Class a Gisa Football Brackets 2003 - 2004
CLASS A GISA FOOTBALL BRACKETS 2003 - 2004 Quarter Finals Semi-Finals Finals November 7, 2003 November 14, 2003 November 21, 2003 ROBERT TOOMBS CHRISTIAN - 47 # 1 North ROBERT TOOMBS CHRISTIAN - 36 (HOME) TWIGGS - 0 # 4 South ROBERT TOOMBS CHRISTIAN - 35 FULLINGTON - 28 # 2 South FULLINGTON - 24 DAVID EMANUEL - 22 (2 OT's) # 3 North ROBERT TOOMBS CRISP - 20 CHAMPION # 1 South Coach L.M. Guy CRISP - 27 (HOME) THOMAS JEFFERSON - 6 # 4 North CRISP - 0 JOHN HANCOCK - 38 (HOME) # 2 North JOHN HANCOCK - 24 TERRELL - 0 # 3 South Higher Seeded Team is HOME Team throughout Play-Offs. If equal ranked teams meet in Finals, HOME is determined by bracket. 2003 GISA STATE FOOTBALL BRACKETS Friday, Nov. 7 AA BRIARWOOD - 21 Friday, Nov. 14 R1 # 1 Home is team with highest rank; when teams are (1) BRIARWOOD - 15 equally ranked, Home is as shown on brackets. (HOME) WESTWOOD - 0 Friday, Nov. 21 R3 # 4 (9) BRIARWOOD - 14 MONROE - 0 R4 # 2 (2) BULLOCH - 0 BULLOCH - 35 R2 # 3 Friday, Nov. 28 TRINITY CHRISTIAN - 47 R2 # 1 SOUTHWEST GA - 25 (3) TRINITY CHRISTIAN - 17 (13) (Home) (HOME) GATEWOOD - 6 R4 # 4 (10) TRINITY CHRISTIAN - 14 (HOME) BROOKWOOD - 6 R3 # 2 (4) BROOKWOOD - 14 EDMUND BURKE - 14 (15) BRENTWOOD R1 # 3 AA CHAMPS Coach Bert Brown SOUTHWEST GEORGIA - 51 R3 # 1 BRENTWOOD - 52 (5) SOUTHWEST GA - 44 (14) (HOME) CURTIS BAPTIST - 14 R1 # 4 (11) SOUTHWEST GA - 27 TIFTAREA - 42 (HOME) R2 # 2 (6) TIFTAREA - 14 PIEDMONT - 16 R4 # 3 FLINT RIVER - 27 R4 # 1 (7) FLINT RIVER - 21 (HOME) MEMORIAL DAY - 6 R2 # 4 (12) BRENTWOOD - 25 BRENTWOOD - 42 R1 # 2 (8) BRENTWOOD - 46 VALWOOD - 30 R3 # 3 2003 GISA STATE FOOTBALL BRACKETS Friday, Nov. -
Athens Campus
Athens Campus Athens Campus Introduction The University of Georgia is centered around the town of Athens, located approximately 60 miles northeast of the capital of Atlanta, Georgia. The University was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly on January 25, 1785, as the first state-chartered and supported college in the United States. The campus began to take physical form after a 633-acre parcel of land was donated for this purpose in 1801. The university’s first building—Franklin College, now Old College—was completed in 1806. Initially a liberal-arts focused college, University of Georgia remained modest in size and grew slowly during the Figure 48. Emblem of the antebellum years of the nineteenth century. In 1862, passage of the Morrill Act University of Georgia. by Congress would eventually lead to dramatic changes in the focus, curriculum, and educational opportunities afforded at the University of Georgia. The Morrill Act authorized the establishment of a system of land grant colleges, which supported, among other initiatives, agricultural education within the United States. The University of Georgia began to receive federal funds as a land grant college in 1872 and to offer instruction in agriculture and mechanical arts. The role of agricultural education and research has continued to grow ever since, and is now supported by experiment stations, 4-H centers, and marine institutes located throughout the state. The Athens campus forms the heart of the University of Georgia’s educational program. The university is composed of seventeen colleges and schools, some of which include auxiliary divisions that offer teaching, research, and service activities. -
Milledge Family Papers
Milledge Family papers Descriptive Summary Repository: Georgia Historical Society Creator: Milledge, John, 1721-1781. Creator: Milledge, John, 1757-1818. Creator: Milledge, John, 1814-1872. Title: Milledge Family papers Dates: 1742-1851 Extent: 0.5 cubic feet (1 box, 1 microfilm roll) Identification: MS 0560 Biographical/Historical Note John Milledge I (ca. 1721-1781) came in the first group of settlers to Georgia in February, 1733, along with his parents, brothers, and sisters. His father died in July, 1733, and his mother died in June, 1734. John, being the oldest, took charge of the family. He went back to England for a short period, soon returned to Georgia. James Edward Oglethorpe took an interest in him and in 1741 had Milledge appointed as overseer for a "certain public work." In 1742, he was appointed Captain of Rangers by Oglethorpe, a position he held for many years. He was a member of the first Colonial Assembly of Georgia in 1751; for many years he represented Christ Church Parish in the Commons House of Assembly. He became a wealthy land and slave owner. He married Ann Skidaway Smith (born in Georgia, 1734); they had one son, John Milledge II. After losing his wife in 1763, Milledge I remarried to Ann Rasberry, the widow of Thomas Rasberry. John Milledge II (1757-1818) was the only son of John Milledge I and Ann (Smith) Milledge. A prominent lawyer, he sided with the patriots at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War and took an active military part. He was Attorney-General of Georgia in 1780 and a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from 1782 until 1790. -
CHAIRMEN of SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–Present
CHAIRMEN OF SENATE STANDING COMMITTEES [Table 5-3] 1789–present INTRODUCTION The following is a list of chairmen of all standing Senate committees, as well as the chairmen of select and joint committees that were precursors to Senate committees. (Other special and select committees of the twentieth century appear in Table 5-4.) Current standing committees are highlighted in yellow. The names of chairmen were taken from the Congressional Directory from 1816–1991. Four standing committees were founded before 1816. They were the Joint Committee on ENROLLED BILLS (established 1789), the joint Committee on the LIBRARY (established 1806), the Committee to AUDIT AND CONTROL THE CONTINGENT EXPENSES OF THE SENATE (established 1807), and the Committee on ENGROSSED BILLS (established 1810). The names of the chairmen of these committees for the years before 1816 were taken from the Annals of Congress. This list also enumerates the dates of establishment and termination of each committee. These dates were taken from Walter Stubbs, Congressional Committees, 1789–1982: A Checklist (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985). There were eleven committees for which the dates of existence listed in Congressional Committees, 1789–1982 did not match the dates the committees were listed in the Congressional Directory. The committees are: ENGROSSED BILLS, ENROLLED BILLS, EXAMINE THE SEVERAL BRANCHES OF THE CIVIL SERVICE, Joint Committee on the LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, LIBRARY, PENSIONS, PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS, RETRENCHMENT, REVOLUTIONARY CLAIMS, ROADS AND CANALS, and the Select Committee to Revise the RULES of the Senate. For these committees, the dates are listed according to Congressional Committees, 1789– 1982, with a note next to the dates detailing the discrepancy. -
Teacher Notes for the Georgia Standards of Excellence in Social Studies
Georgia Studies Teacher Notes for the Georgia Standards of Excellence in Social Studies The Teacher Notes were developed to help teachers understand the depth and breadth of the standards. In some cases, information provided in this document goes beyond the scope of the standards and can be used for background and enrichment information. Please remember that the goal of social studies is not to have students memorize laundry lists of facts, but rather to help them understand the world around them so they can analyze issues, solve problems, think critically, and become informed citizens. Children’s Literature: A list of book titles aligned to the 6th-12th Grade Social Studies GSE may be found at the Georgia Council for the Social Studies website: https://www.gcss.net/site/page/view/childrens-literature The glossary is a guide for teachers and not an expectation of terms to be memorized by students. In some cases, information provided in this document goes beyond the scope of the standards and can be used for background and enrichment information. Terms in Red are directly related to the standards. Terms in Black are provided as background and enrichment information. TEACHER NOTES GEORGIA STUDIES Historic Understandings SS8H1 Evaluate the impact of European exploration and settlement on American Indians in Georgia. People inhabited Georgia long before its official “founding” on February 12, 1733. The land that became our state was occupied by several different groups for over 12,000 years. The intent of this standard is for students to recognize the long-standing occupation of the region that became Georgia by American Indians and the ways in which their culture was impacted as the Europeans sought control of the region. -
1906 Catalogue.Pdf (7.007Mb)
ERRATA. P. 8-For 1901 Samuel B. Thompson, read 1001 Samuel I?. Adams. ' P. 42—Erase Tin-man, William R. P. 52—diaries H. Smith was a member of the Class of 1818, not 1847. : P. 96-Erase star (*) before W. W. Dearing ; P. 113 Erase Cozart, S. W. ' P. 145—Erase Daniel, John. ' j P. 1GO-After Gerdine, Lynn V., read Kirkwood for Kirkville. I P. 171—After Akerman, Alfred, read Athens, (Ja., for New Flaven. ; P. 173—After Pitner, Walter 0., read m. India Colbort, and erase same ' after Pitner, Guy R., on p. 182. • P. 182-Add Potts, Paul, Atlanta, Ga. , ! CATALOGUE TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, ALUMNI AND MATRICULATES UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, AT ATHENS, GEORGIA, FROM 1785 TO 19O<». ATHENS, OA. : THF, E. D. STONK PRESS, 190G. NOTICE. In a catalogue of the alumni, with the meagre information at hand, many errors must necessarily occur. While the utmost efforts have been made to secure accuracy, the Secretary is assurer) that he has, owing to the impossibility of communicating with many of the Alumni, fallen far short of attaining his end. A copy of this catalogue will be sent to all whose addresses are known, and they and their friends are most earnestly requested to furnish information about any Alumnus which may be suitable for publication. Corrections of any errors, by any person whomsoever, are re spectfully invited. Communications may be addressed to A. L. HULL, Secretary Board of Trustees, Athens, Ga. ABBREVIATIONS. A. B., Bachelor of Arts. B. S., Bachelor of Science. B. Ph., Bachelor of Philosophy. B. A., Bachelor of Agriculture. -
Media Advisory ***
1011 Arlington Blvd. Suite 300 Arlington, VA. 22209 703-894-6222 / (Fax) 703-894-6231 / concordcoalition.org FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Steve Winn (703) 254-7828 Monday, October 31, 2011 [email protected] *** MEDIA ADVISORY *** CONCORD COALITION DINNER WEDNESDAY WILL HONOR ‘GANG OF SIX’ LEADERS, FEATURE EXPERTS ON U.S. FISCAL AND ECONOMIC CHALLENGES WASHINGTON -- At its 18th Annual Economic Patriots Dinner this Wednesday, The Concord Coalition will honor Senators Saxby Chambliss (R-Ga.) and Mark Warner (D-Va.) and present a panel of experts discussing the challenges facing the congressional “super committee” on deficit reduction with its deadline three weeks away. The dinner will be held at the Phoenix Park Hotel in Washington from 7 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. Wednesday, Nov. 2. The panel discussion will be moderated by Candy Crowley, CNN’s award-winning chief political correspondent and anchor of State of the Union with Candy Crowley. Panel members will be Warner, Chambliss; former senators Evan Bayh (D-In.) and Pete Domenici (R-N.M.); Comeback America Initiative CEO and former U.S. Comptroller General David Walker, and Concord Coalition Executive Director Robert Bixby. Former Sen. Sam Nunn (D-Ga.), a member of Concord’s Board of Directors, will present the 2011 Paul E. Tsongas Economic Patriot Award to Senators Warner and Chambliss, who head the Senate’s “Gang of Six,” for their leadership in the search for bipartisan solutions to our nation’s fiscal and economic difficulties. The Paul E. Tsongas Economic Patriot Award recognizes leaders who have demonstrated a commitment to fiscal integrity and generational responsibility. -
107Th Congress 73
GEORGIA 107th Congress 73 Office Listings http://www.house.gov/barr [email protected] 1207 Longworth House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515 ............................. (202) 225–2931 Legislative Director.—Jonathan Blyth. FAX: 225–2944 Executive Assistant.—Catherine Gabrysh. Press Secretary.—Brian Walsh. 999 Whitlock Avenue, Marietta, GA 30064 ................................................................ (404) 429–1776 Counties: Bartow, Carroll, Chattooga, Cobb (part), Douglas, Floyd, Haralson, Heard, Paulding, Polk, and Troup. Population (1990), 588,071. ZIP Codes: 30001 (part), 30020, 30057, 30059 (part), 30060 (part), 30062 (part), 30064 (part), 30073 (part), 30080 (part), 30082 (part), 30101 (part), 30102–05, 30108–10, 30113, 30116–18, 30120–21, 30123–25, 30129, 30132 (part), 30133– 35, 30137–41, 30145, 30147, 30150, 30153, 30161–65, 30170–73, 30176, 30178–80, 30182, 30184–85, 30187, 30217, 30219, 30230, 30240–41, 30253 (part), 30261, 30730–31, 30747, 30753, 31139, 31833 (part) *** EIGHTH DISTRICT SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Republican, of Moultrie, GA; born in Warrenton, NC, November 10, 1943; graduated, C.E. Byrd High School, Shreveport, LA, 1962; B.A., University of Georgia, 1966; J.D., University of Tennessee College of Law, 1968; served on the state bar of Georgia’s Disciplinary Review Panel, 1969; member: Moultrie-Colquitt County Economic Development Authority, Colquitt County Economic Development Corporation; married the former Julianne Frohbert, 1966; two children: Lia Chambliss Baker and C. Saxby (Bo), Jr.; 2 grandchildren; committees: Agriculture; Armed Services; Intelligence; Chairman, Working Group on Ter- rorism; elected to the 104th Congress; reelected to each succeeding Congress. Office Listings http://www.house.gov/chambliss 1019 Longworth House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515 ............................. (202) 225–6531 Chief of Staff.—Rob Leebern.