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Les Archives Des Entreprises Sous L'occupation Les Archives des entreprises sous l’Occupation Hervé Joly To cite this version: Hervé Joly. Les Archives des entreprises sous l’Occupation. Hervé Joly. IFRESI, Lille, pp.320, 2005. halshs-00536942 HAL Id: halshs-00536942 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00536942 Submitted on 17 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Les archives des entreprises sous l’Occupation Conservation, accessibilité et apport Actes du IIe colloque organisé par le Groupement de recherche (GDR) du CNRS Les entreprises françaises sous l’Occupation, en association avec le Centre des archives du monde du travail (CAMT) et l’Institut fédératif de recherche sur les économies et les sociétés contemporaines (IFRÉSI-CNRS) au CAMT à Roubaix (Nord) les 4 et 5 mars 2004 Publications précédentes des travaux du GDR : Hervé Joly (textes édités par), Faire l’histoire des entreprises sous l’Occupation. Les acteurs économiques et leurs archives (actes de la journée d’études du GDR du 12 octobre 2002), Paris, Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 2004, 375 p., ISBN : 2-7355-0559-6, 23 . Hervé Joly (textes édités par), Les comités d’organisation et l’économie dirigée du régime de Vichy (actes du colloque du GDR au Mémorial de Caen du 3-4 avril 2003), Caen, Centre de recherche d’histoire quantitative, 2004, 320 p., ISBN : 2-9519438-5-7, 25 . Pour s’informer sur les activités du GDR : http://gdr2539.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr Les archives des entreprises sous l’Occupation Conservation, accessibilité et apport Textes édités par Hervé Joly IFRÉSI Remerciements à : - Françoise Bosman, directrice, et l’équipe du CAMT à Roubaix pour leur accueil lors du colloque, leur soutien à son organisation et l’édition de ces actes ; - Gérard Gayot, directeur, et Hubert Bataille, technicien CNRS, de l’IFRÉSI à Lille pour la réalisation de la brochure et de l’affiche du colloque et pour l’édition des actes ; - Jean-François Eck (professeur à l’université Charles de Gaulle Lille 3), Patrick Fridenson (directeur d’études à l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales), Roger Nougaret (conservateur du Patrimoine, responsable du service des archives historiques du groupe Crédit agricole SA) et Gérard Gayot (professeur à l’université Charles de Gaulle Lille 3) pour les présidences de séance ; - Delphine Scarano, assistante-ingénieure au LARHRA à Lyon, pour la gestion des missions des participants au colloque ; - Odile Gibault et Philippe Verheyde pour leur relecture attentive des textes. ISBN : 2-911975-30-8 © IFRÉSI, juin 2005 (Institut fédératif de recherche sur les économies et les sociétés industrielles) 2, rue des Canonniers - 59800 Lille Diffusion commerciale : Laboratoire de recherche historique Rhône-Alpes (LARHRA), Institut des sciences de l’homme, 14 avenue Berthelot, F-69363 LYON Cedex 07 ; [email protected] ; fax : 04 72 72 64 24 Liste des auteurs Dominique BARJOT Professeur à l’université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), Centre Roland Mousnier ; directeur des Sciences et des Humanités à la Mission scienti- fique, technique et pédagogique du ministère de la Recherche et des Nouvelles Technologies Patrice BAUBEAU, Docteur en histoire, université Paris-X-Nanterre, Institutions et dynami- ques historiques de l’économie (IDHE) Françoise BERGER Maître de conférences à l’Institut d’études politiques de Grenoble, Centre de recherche sur le politique, l’administration, la ville et le terri- toire (CERAT) / Politiques publiques, actions politiques, territoires (PACTE) Marie-Françoise BERNERON-COUVENHES Docteure en histoire, université de Paris-Sorbonne Paris IV, Centre Roland Mousnier Arnaud BERTHONNET Docteur en histoire, université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), Centre Roland Mousnier ; historien d’entreprise Hubert BONIN Professeur d’histoire économique à l’Institut d’études politiques de Bordeaux, Centre Montesquieu d’histoire économique, université Bordeaux IV Catherine DARDIGNAC Responsable du service des archives historiques, Société générale, Paris Sébastien DURAND Doctorant en histoire, université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux 3, Centre aquitaine d’histoire moderne et contemporaine Éric GODEAU Doctorant en histoire, université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, IDHE 8 Christian HOTTIN Conservateur du Patrimoine, Centre des archives du monde du travail (CAMT), Roubaix Coralie IMMELÉ Doctorante en histoire, université Lumière Lyon 2, Laboratoire de re- cherche historique Rhône-Alpes (LARHRA) Madeleine JACQUEMIN Attachée scientifique aux Archives générales du Royaume, Bruxelles Bruno JÉGOU Doctorant en histoire, université de Paris-Sorbonne (Paris IV), Centre Roland Mousnier Hervé JOLY Chargé de recherche CNRS, LARHRA, université Lumière Lyon 2 ; di- recteur du GDR Les entreprises françaises sous l’Occupation Magali LACOUSSE Conservatrice du Patrimoine, Centre historique des Archives nationales, section des Archives privées, responsable des archives d’entreprises, de presse et d’associations Florent LE BOT Docteur en histoire, université Paris VIII Vincennes–Saint-Denis, IDHE Pierre MARTIN Docteur en histoire, université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, IDHE Alain P. MICHEL Docteur en histoire, École des hautes études en sciences sociales ; Centre de recherche en histoire des sciences et des techniques de la Cité des sciences et de l'industrie (CRHST-CSI), La Villette, Paris Jean Marie MOINE Maître de conférences à l’université François Rabelais Tours, Centre d’histoire de la ville moderne et contemporaine Christian PERROT Responsable des archives de la SNCF Véronique POUILLARD Chargée de recherches Fonds national de la recherche scientifique, Uni- versité libre de Bruxelles 9 Arne RADTKE-DELACOR Doctorant en histoire, université de Göttingen Georges RIBEILL Directeur de recherche de l’Équipement, Laboratoire techniques, terri- toires et société (LATTS), École nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Champs-sur-Marne François ROBERT Ingénieur d’études CNRS, LARHRA, université Lumière Lyon 2 Amable SABLON du CORAIL Conservateur du Patrimoine, CAMT, Roubaix Henri ZUBER Conservateur du Patrimoine, président de l’Association des archivistes français, responsable (1990-1997 et 2000-2004) des archives de la RATP (unité « Mémoire de l’entreprise »), chef du service des archives du mi- nistère de la Justice Introduction Hervé JOLY L’idée est largement répandue : travailler sur l’histoire des entre- prises sous l’Occupation impliquerait de se passer des archives des entre- prises elles-mêmes. Les auteurs des rares synthèses sur le sujet en ont fait le constat préalable. Annie Lacroix-Riz évacue ainsi rapidement dans l’introduction de son étude sur les Industriels et banquiers sous l’Occupation le reproche qui lui a été fait de ne pas recourir dans ses re- cherches aux « archives patronales d’ailleurs fermées » en invoquant « la destruction ou la soustraction patronale systématique des archives » à la Libération1, avec la contradiction déjà soulignée par Patrick Fridenson de se demander pourquoi des archives déjà « vidées » resteraient fermées2. Mais si notre historienne marxiste pourrait avoir été victime – ou avoir au moins préjugé à tort ou à raison – d’un ostracisme particulier des entre- prises à son égard, il est remarquable que des auteurs aussi différents que les journalistes économiques Renaud de Rochebrune et Jean-Claude Ha- zera fassent, dans l’introduction de leur livre sur Les Patrons sous l’Occupation, le constat similaire que, « malgré leur familiarité avec le monde des entreprises et des organisations professionnelles, ce n’est pas auprès d’elles – sauf rare exception – [qu’ils] ont trouvé la plupart des informations qu’ils recherchaient. Ils se sont même heurtés régulièrement à des portes closes. Et les courriers sont souvent restés sans réponse. […] Peu nombreuses sont les sociétés qui ont démontré, à l’instar de Total, qu’elles considéraient comme normal, sinon de tout montrer, du moins de recevoir un chercheur en quête de documentation. »3 Beaucoup d’auteurs de monographies d’entreprises traitant du XXe siècle se sont également longtemps abstenus d’aborder la période de l’Occupation, leurs travaux s’arrêtant avant – pour des raisons justifiées 1 Annie LACROIX-RIZ, Industriels et banquiers sous l’Occupation. La collaboration économique avec le Reich et Vichy, Paris, A. Colin, 1999, p. 38. 2 Cité par Le Monde, 16 octobre 1996. 3 Renaud de ROCHEBRUNE, Jean-Claude HAZERA, Les Patrons sous l’Occupation, Paris, O. Jacob, 1ère éd., 1995, p. 13. 12 H. JOLY par un changement économique4 , mais aussi visiblement imposées par la direction de l’entreprise commanditaire5 – ou plus rarement commençant après6. Le continu des guides des sources disponibles n’est pas non plus en apparence très encourageant pour une recherche sur les entreprises sous l’Occupation. Le Guide des sources conservées en France. 1939- 1945 publié en 1994 par la direction des Archives de France en associa- tion avec l’Institut d’histoire du temps présent ne comporte ainsi pas de rubrique spécifique consacrée aux archives d’entreprises7. Dans la qua- trième partie consacrée aux fonds des « autres institutions
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