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Norgestimate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets USP, 0.25 Mg/0.035 Mg

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Norgestimate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets USP, 0.25 Mg/0.035 Mg NORGESTIMATE AND ETHINYL ESTRADIOL- norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol Glenmark Generics Inc., USA ---------- Norgestimate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets USP, 0.25 mg/0.035 mg Patients should be counseled that this product does not protect against HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases. DESCRIPTION The following product is a combination oral contraceptive containing the progestational compound norgestimate USP and the estrogenic compound ethinyl estradiol USP. Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP: Each blue tablet contains 0.25 mg of the progestational compound, norgestimate USP (18,19-Dinor-17- pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one,17-(acetyloxy)-13-ethyl-,oxime,(17α)-(+)-) and 0.035 mg of the estrogenic compound, ethinyl estradiol USP (19-nor-17α-pregna,1,3,5(10)-trien-20-yne-3,17-diol). Inactive ingredients include lactose monohydrate, povidone, FD&C Blue No. 2-5625, colloidal silicon dioxide, talc, magnesium stearate, and pregelatinized starch. Each light green tablet contains only inert ingredients, as follows: D&C Yellow No. 10, FD&C Blue No. 2-5625, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, pregelatinized starch and talc. Norgestimate USP Ethinyl Estradiol USP CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Oral Contraception Combination oral contraceptives act by suppression of gonadotropins. Although the primary mechanism of this action is inhibition of ovulation, other alterations include changes in the cervical mucus (which increase the difficulty of sperm entry into the uterus) and the endometrium (which reduce the likelihood of implantation). Receptor binding studies, as well as studies in animals and humans, have shown that norgestimate and 17-deacetyl norgestimate, the major serum metabolite, combine high progestational activity with minimal intrinsic androgenicity 90-93. Norgestimate, in combination with ethinyl estradiol, does not counteract the estrogen-induced increases in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), resulting in lower serum testosterone 90, 91, 94. PHARMACOKINETICS Absorption Norgestimate (NGM) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) are rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Norgestimate is rapidly and completely metabolized by firstpass (intestinal and/or hepatic) mechanisms to norelgestromin (NGMN) and norgestrel (NG), which are the major active metabolites of norgestimate. Peak serum concentrations of NGMN and EE are generally reached by 2 hours after administration of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets. Accumulation following multiple dosing of the 250 μg NGM/35 μg dose is approximately 2-fold for NGMN and EE compared with single dose administration. The pharmacokinetics of NGMN is dose proportional following NGM doses of 180 μg to 250 μg. Steady-state concentration of EE is achieved by Day 7 of each dosing cycle. Steady-state concentrations of NGMN and NG are achieved by Day 21. Non-linear accumulation (approximately 8 fold) of norgestrel is observed as a result of high affinity binding to SHBG (sex hormone-binding globulin), which limits its biological activity. Table I. Summary of norelgestromin, norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol pharmacokinetic parameters. Mean (SD) Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Norgestimate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets During a Three Cycle Study C t (h) AUC t (h) Analyte Cycle Day max max 0- 1/2 24h NGMN 1 1 1.78 1.19 9.9 18.4 (0.397) (0.25) (3.25) (5.91) 3 21 2.19 1.43 18.1 24.9 (0.655) (0.68) (5.53) (9.04) NG 1 1 0.649 1.42 6.22 37.8 (0.49) (0.69) (2.46) (14) 3 21 2.65 1.67 48.2 45 (1.11) (1.32) (20.5) (20.4) EE 1 1 92.2 1.2 (0.26) 629 10.1 (24.5) (138) (1.9) 3 21 147 1.13 1210 15 (41.5) (0.23) (294) (2.36) C max = peak serum concentration, t max = time to reach peak serum concentration, AUC 0-24h = area under serum concentration vs time curve from 0 to 24 hours, t 1/2 = elimination half-life, NC = not calculated. NGMN and NG: C max = ng/mL, AUC 0-24h=h•ng/mL EE: C max=pg/mL, AUC 0-24h=h•pg/mL The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets has not been studied. Distribution Norelgestromin and norgestrel are highly bound (>97%) to serum proteins. Norelgestromin is bound to albumin and not to SHBG, while norgestrel is bound primarily to SHBG. Ethinyl estradiol is extensively bound (> 97%) to serum albumin and induces an increase in the serum concentrations of SHBG. Metabolism Norgestimate is extensively metabolized by first-pass mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract and/or liver. Norgestimate’s primary active metabolite is norelgestromin. Subsequent hepatic metabolism of norelgestromin occurs and metabolites include norgestrel, which is also active and various hydroxylated and conjugated metabolites. Ethinyl estradiol is also metabolized to various hydroxylated products and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Excretion The metabolites of norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol are eliminated by renal and fecal pathways. Following administration of 14C-norgestimate, 47% (45-49%) and 37% (16-49%) of the administered radioactivity was eliminated in the urine and feces, respectively. Unchanged norgestimate was not detected in the urine. In addition to 17-deacetyl norgestimate, a number of metabolites of norgestimate have been identified in human urine following administration of radiolabeled norgestimate. These include 18, 19-Dinor-17-pregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one, 17-hydroxy-13-ethyl, (17α)-(-); 18,19-Dinor-5β-17- pregnan-20-yn,3α,17β-dihydroxy-13-ethyl,(17α), various hydroxylated metabolites and conjugates of these metabolites. Special Populations The effects of body weight, body surface area or age on the pharmacokinetics of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets have not been studied. Hepatic Impairment The effects of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets have not been studied. However, steroid hormones may be poorly metabolized in women with impaired liver function (see PRECAUTIONS). Renal Impairment The effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets have not been studied. Drug-Drug Interactions No formal drug-drug interaction studies were conducted with norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets. Interactions between contraceptive steroids and other drugs have been reported in the literature (see PRECAUTIONS). Although norelgestromin and its metabolites inhibit a variety of P450 enzymes in human liver microsomes, under the recommended dosing regimen, the in vivo concentrations of norelgestromin and its metabolites, even at the peak serum levels, are relatively low compared to the inhibitory constant (Ki). INDICATIONS AND USAGE Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol tablets USP are indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as a method of contraception. Oral contraceptives are highly effective for pregnancy prevention. Table II lists the typical accidental pregnancy rates for users of combination oral contraceptives and other methods of contraception. The efficacy of these contraceptive methods, except sterilization, the IUD, and the Norplant System, depends upon the reliability with which they are used. Correct and consistent use of methods can result in lower failure rates. Table II: Percentage of Women Experiencing an Unintended Pregnancy During the First Year of Typical Use and the First Year of Perfect Use of Contraception and the Percentage Continuing Use at the End of the First Year. United States. % of Women Experiencing an % of Women Unintended Pregnancy within the Continuing Use First Year of Use at One Year‡ Method Typical Use§ Perfect Use¶ (4) (1) (2) (3) Chance# 85 85 SpermicidesÞ 26 6 40 Periodic 25 63 abstinence Calendar 9 Ovulation 3 Method Sympto- 2 Thermalß Post-Ovulation 1 Capà Parous Women 40 26 42 Nulliparous 20 9 56 Women Sponge Parous Women 40 20 42 Nulliparous 20 9 56 Women Diaphragmà 20 6 56 Withdrawal 19 4 Condomè Female (Reality) 21 5 56 Male 14 3 61 Pill 5 71 Progestin Only 0.5 Combined 0.1 IUD Progesterone T 2 1.5 81 Copper T380A 0.8 0.6 78 LNg 20 0.1 0.1 81 Depo-Provera 0.3 0.3 70 Norplant and 0.05 0.05 88 Norplant-2 Female 0.5 0.5 100 Sterilization Male 0.15 0.1 100 Sterilization Hatcher et al, 1998, Ref. # 1. Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Treatment initiated within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse reduces the risk of pregnancy by at least 75%* Lactational Amenorrhea Method: LAM is highly effective, temporary method of contraception.† Source: Trussell J, Contraceptive efficacy. In Hatcher RA, Trussell J, Stewart F, Cates W, Stewart GK, Kowal D, Guest F, Contraceptive Technology: Seventeenth Revised Edition. New York NY: Irvington Publishers, 1998. * The treatment schedule is one dose within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse, and a second dose 12 hours after the first dose. The Food and Drug Administration has declared the following brands of oral contraceptives to be safe and effective for emergency contraception: Ovral® (1 dose is 2 white pills), Alesse® (1 dose is 5 pink pills), Nordette® or Levlen® (1 dose is 2 light-orange pills), Lo/Ovral® (1 dose is 4 white pills), Triphasil® or Tri-Levlen® (1 dose is 4 yellow pills). † However, to maintain effective protection against pregnancy, another method of contraception must be used as soon as menstruation resumes, the frequency or duration of breastfeeds is reduced, bottle feeds are introduced, or the baby reaches six months of age. ‡ Among couples attempting to avoid pregnancy, the percentage who continue to use a method for one year. § Among typical couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason. ¶ Among couples who initiate use of a method (not necessarily for the first time) and who use it perfectly (both consistently and correctly), the percentage who experience an accidental pregnancy during the first year if they do not stop use for any other reason.
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