Belgian Laces

Volume 14 #53 December 1992 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53

Dear Members,

The end of the year is approaching rapidly in and in most of Europe, the children are anxiously looking forward to December 6, when St Nicolas will come with gifts for the good children and the “martinet” (whip) for the bad ones. There will also be plenty of speculoos and massepain oranges and apples. Just thinking of the expectations, the fears and joys make us long for the holiday atmosphere of “the old country”. Then come the family reunions of Christmas, the joys of being together and sharing the blessings of the holidays. The New Year too brings special traditions, where the chi1dren will read their specially prepared “New Years Letters”: one for the parents, one for the grandparents and one for their godparents, who each will give them a few francs or a special present The children have worked hard on these letters, wilting them using their most beautiful handwriting and vocabulary! New Year too is the time for resolutions, decisions and promises. Decisions… promises… we asked you last year to help us raise the number of our membership to 400. We are delighted to let you know that we gave membership number to the last subscriber. Thanks and congratulations to you all! We want to do even better for 1993 and hope to reach or pass the 500 mark by the end of the year. With your continuous support, we should be able to do just that. The more we are the more we can help each other. You will have noticed too, that we have more contributors to the newsletter your newsletter. We welcome and solicit your contributions in articles and anecdotes, queries and comments. Regularly we receive letters of congratulations, members telling us how much they love Belgian Laces. Your expressions of appreciation give us the courage to continue the task we have set out to accomplish: keeping our Belgian heritage alive and well. We end this letter wishing you all a very merry holiday season! May you delight in little things, the joy the Yuletide season brings; the sweet scent of a Christmas tree, the warmth of friends and family.

Table of Contents

51. Letter from the president Table of Contents 52 Belgian Gleanings 53. News: René Zabeau 55. The FN and , M Gaudette 57. The Corner, MaryAnn Defnet 59. Castle Garden: What do we know about them? by Clare Clemens 61. Queries 62. From and To… 64. Naturalization Records, Evelyn Ann Santilli 65. Passenger Lists, Howard Thomas 67. Recipes for the Holidays, Leen Inghels

51 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 Belgian Gleanings

The Belgian Franc How did the Belgian franc do during the recent financial Smoking – No Smoking shake-up? Very well, indeed. In an unknowing preview of Starting January 1995, all advertisement for tobacco will be things to come. The Economist, in its August edition, forbidden in Belgium. went even faster and the same assessed the strengths and weaknesses of the various rule will be in effect starting January 1993. Italy, currencies. While the peseta, the lira and the pound sterling and the other E.C. Nations will be following shortly with the were assessed as the weakest currencies, the Belgian franc salle rules. was listed as the strongest European currency vis a vis the Belgian Population Growing German mark. The overall rankings: Since 1991, the population of Belgium has been growing fast. 1. Germany The new official count being 10,022,207 inhabitants or about 2. Belgium 23,000 more than a year ago. 3. 4. France Tintin in America 5. Ireland According to August 24 edition of Fortune Magazine, 6. Portugal Belgium’s newest export is... 7. Denmark. Tintin, the comic strip of the boy reporter Tintin, who rises 8. UK against evil around the world. Since 1929, 120 million copies 9. Italy have been sold worldwide of the 22 Tintin books. And now 10. Spain America is now catching one in 1991, sales of Tintin books At times at the end of August and the beginning of Septaber, rose 30%, to the Belgian franc even surpassed ‘the German mark as the 150,000 copies. Tintin now also has his own cartoon series on strongest currency in Europe. The main reasons for the strong HBO. (from Gazette van .) currency are a very low inflation and a substantial trade (Note of the editor: The series was first published in Belgium surplus, boosting investor confidence. A sore spot retains the under the umbrella title: Les Aventures de Tintin et Milou, budget deficit, which was the main target of the 1993 budget for the French edition, and Kuifte, in Flemish, (referring to plans. Copyrights 1992 - Thompson, Hine & Flory. the boy’s typical hairdo). There are in tact 23 different titles, but today Tintin au Pays Military Service des Soviets (Tintin in the land of the Soviets) is missing. This The Belgian Government has decided that starting January last one existed only in French before WW2 and was 1994, compulsory military duty will be abolished. apparently never translated in any other language.)

The INAUGURAL Meeting of the West Virginia Belgian American Heritage Association centered around a tribute to the late glassworker and poet Oscar DUBOIS. Pictures from left are: René V. Zabeau, president of the society; Professor Fred Barkey of Charleston; Bernadette Goovaert an emissary to the Belgian Ambassador to the US and Charles DUBOIS, tbe poet’s son.

52 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 West Virginia West Virginia West Virginia

Belgian-American Society started in West Virginia by René Zabeau

The Belgian-American Heritage Society of West Virginia held the first official meeting of the organization on October 4th, 1992 at the Waldomore Cultural Center in Clarksburg, West Virginia. This is the first time in the history of West Virginia that a state-wide organization of the Belgian- has been formed as one unit.

Approximately 104 people attended the meeting, almost all were of Belgian heritage. The late poet laureate Oscar Dubois, of Morgantown, WVa. was honored at the gathering. His son Charles Dubois of Morgantown as well as other direct descendants were present to receive a framed and autographed portrait of King Baudouin I of Belgium and his wife Queen Fabiola de Mora. Bernadette GOOVAERTS, Public Relations officer and Emissary to Belgium’s Ambassador to the Juan cassiers, presented the picture.

“A Belgian by birth, a glass cutter by trade and a poet by love” is how Ambassador Cassiers described Dubois in his letter to the Society read aloud by Mrs. Goovaerts.

Society President René Zabeau told the group that Dubois was born September 7th, 1879 in Jumet, Hainaut Province, Belgium. The birthday of King Baudouin is also September 7th! Dubois came to the United States in 1892 at the age of 13, to Kane, PA, where his father became a glassblower. He served his apprenticeship as a glass cutter in Kane. As a master workman, he also worked in Mt Jewett, Hazelhurst, Smethport, Bradford, Pt Marion and Fairchance, PA. He came to Morgantown, WVa. in 1901, arriving by boat from , PA. He worked as a glass cutter in Clarksburg, WVa. until he was 77 when he retired.

He wrote poetry in his younger years but it wasn’t until after he retired at 77 years of age that he began writing in earnest. His poetry appeared in print for the first time, in 1951 in the old Echoes of West Virginai Magazine. He had numerous books of poetry published. He was much honored at West Virginia University in Morgantown. The Morgantown Poetry Society named an annual contest and cash award: Oscar Dubois Award for Poetry. In one of his later poems entitled Time is Today Dubois wrote:

At times we long for tomorrow in hoping for a better day and we would like to figure out how to retrieve yesterday; Or try to find what life’s about and solve the problem of the day Still we enjoy going along having a definite day.

He kept writing poetry until he died in Morgantown at the age of 109. His life began after retirement. In his letter, Ambassador Cassiers said: “Dubois symbolizes the West Virginian from Belgium He recalled that a century ago there was a migration of to West Virginia and nearby states, where the glass industry flourished: “You established some of the Belgian traditions in the workplace and in cultural life”, Cassius wrote. “You exported the Belgian trade marks of high quality craftsmanship, social commitment and joie de vivre (joy of living)”. “Belgians”, he continued “shaped to glassware industry in the United States, prior to the Industrial Revolution. [ ] By actively participating in the management decisions of the glass factories and even successfully establishing worker-owned corporate enterprises, they built the glass industy into one of the pillars of the American economy. [ ] Children and grandchildren of the orginal settlers became active contributors to the society of West Virginia and they did not forget their Belgian roots.

53 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53

Mrs. Bernadette Goovaerts, who captured the hearts of all those present, was intoduced by Dr. Fred Barkey, professor-historian of West Virginia Graduate College, Institute, WVa., and Chevalier de l’Ordre de Leopold II, Roi des Belges (Knight of the Order of Leopold II, King of the Belgians). Dr. Barkey is also author of “Cinder heads in the Hills”. Miss Roberta Bastin, vice-president of the Society, presented Mrs. Goovaerts and Dr. Barkey with a collector’s item of West Virginia hand-blown glassware on behalf of the Society.

Presenting Mrs. Goovaerts with the key to the City of Clarksburg was Mayor James Hunt who recalled that seven years ago he was the recipient of the Oscar Dubois Award for Poetry. He said: ‘Today is the firt day I really realize what it meant that I received the Oscar Dubois Award by the Morgantown Poetry Society. It means a lot more today - finding out the heritage of that award - than the day I received it.

Also read during the meeting was a letter from the Harrison County Chamber of Commerce paying tribute to Dubois.

Following the meeting a reception was held which included sandwiches, prune-, apicot- and sugar tarts; gallettes, gaufrettes, almond cookies, bernadines and other Belgian goodies, soft drinks and coffee.

Music was provided prior to the meeting by Mrs. Evelyn Harper at the piano. She also played the Belgian national anthem “La Brabançonne”, as Mrs. Goovearts was introduced as well as at the meeting’s adjournment.

A large Belgian flag, donated by Ernest Berger of ,DC. was proudy displayed next to the American flag. The flagpole was contributed by Paul and Olie Bastin of Clarksburg. Dr. Barkey donated note books to the Society.

I want to thank the members of the Social Committee that contributed and prepared the refreshments and the decorations: Vickie Zabeau Bowden, Lilian Coenan Crites, Joy Gregoire Gilchrist, Freda Charles Kovalan, Lucienne Martin, Marlene Fontaine Reed, Hilda Zabeau, Julie Ann Aucremanne, Roberta Bastin, Flora Berger, Mildred Gregoire Brown, Denise Martin Coenen, Virginia Charles DeGardeyn, Annabel and George Ducoeur, Evelyn Gregoire Harper, Marguerite Charles Rexroad, Tom and Mary Frances Tricot.

The next meting of the Society will be December 13.

Note from the Editor: Our most sincere congratulations go to René and his steering committee. We know how much work is involved in getting people to move on a new adventure! - We wish The Belgian- American Society of West Virginia good luck in their efforts to unite the Belgo-Americans in the state and to preserve and rekindle interest in their Belgian heritage. We hope that their example will be followed in other areas of the United States. That’s what we are all about! That’s what should be a priority of all members of The Belgian Researchers! Please René, convey our congratulations and best wishes to all attending your next meting. We are looking forward to your next report! (By the way. we would love to recieve the recipes for some of those Belgian goodies mentioned!)

54 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 It was Father Karel DENYS’ article about the (the Rolls Royce of its time) a made in , Belgium, (see the July 1992 issue of Flemish Meric.n Heritage), that gave me the idea for the following article about cars and motorcycles that were once made in Belgium by ’s FN company.

THE FN CARS AND MOTORCYCLES by Micheline Gaudette

The FN1 (Fabrique Nationale D’Armes de Guerre) was established in 1889 as a result of the association of 14 Belgian firearms manufacturers and investors. Namely: Albert SIMONIS, Jules ANCION, DRESSE-LALOUX Co., Manufacture Liégeoise d’Armes à Feu, DUMOULIN Brothers, Joseph JANSSEN, Henri PIEPER, PIRLOT, FRESART, Crédit Général Liégeois, Nicolas VIVARIO, Auguste FRANCOTTE, Emile and Léon NAGANT. The FN was to become famous the world over for the quality and workmanship of its sporting guns, rifles, and armament related products, Though the FN’s primary goal was always the manufacturing of firearms, in 1897 it became interested in car and making. The first FN car came out in 1900 and the first FN motorcycle in 1902.

The first FN car was equipped with a 2 cylinder motor with side valves and a gear box activated by a leather strap, only 100 cars of this type were made. This simple car was soon followed by new improved models. In 1913 the FN introduced a small car (the FN 1250) and sold 300 of them at the Salon de Paris. During I the FN closed. Two of its directors A. ANDRI and G. LALOUX were sent to German prison caps.

The FN resumed its activities shortly after and introduced new car models, including sport cars of which the most famous were the FN 1300, winner of the Klausen Race in 1924 and of the Francorchamps races of 1925 and 1924, and the FN2200G-16CV) winner of the 1926 “Tour de France”. A 1929 FN car won the Liège- Madrid-Liège race; three FN model 1930 won the “Coupe des Alpes” in 1931. The Francorchamps races were again won by a FN car in 1932 and in 1933. The winner of the 1933 Liège-Rome-Liège race was also an FN car.

Despite this success, the FN’s car production came to an end in 1935, mostly because of the government’s lack of support and vision, and its failure to protect Belgium’s borders against unfair competition. Instead, the FN b.gan making trucks, buses and light armored vehicles. In all, between 1900 and 1935, the FN had with great distinction, introduced and produced 36 different car models.

The FN Motorcycle had also come a long way from the 1902 model, which was more or less a with a motor. In 1927, three Belgian test pilots crossed the Sahara Desert without problems on their FN motorcycles type M.70. In 1928, the M.70

1 It should be noted that as early as 1896, and regardless of the economic crises of the time, the FN very conscious of its responsibilities toward its workers, insured them against work related accidents, and establihed and financially supported medical and pharmacy services for them. 55 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 won the Grand Prix de Rabat and established four world records. So popular were those motorcycles that in 1928 their production had to be increased to 100 units per day. The “86” model won the Grand Prix d’Europe in 1934, and in 1935 the Grand Prix de France. Also in 1934, the speed world record was broken when Rene MIHOUX attained 224.019 km/hr on his FN motorcycle, unfortunately, the same year two FN ace drivers, DEMEUTER and NOIR were accidentally killed during a competition. By the end of 1935, FN motorcycles held 81 world records. The 50’s were very good years for the FN Moto-Cross entries, winning the 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954 Europe Cups and the 1958 World Cup. From 1902 up to 1960 when motorcycle production ceased, 40 motorcycle models of general, sport and military use, were introduced and produced by the FN. Today, the FM is still making sporting guns, but like so many of the industrial giants of the past, it is but a shadm. of what it once was.

SOURCES: FN 1889-1944, Liege Imprimerie Desoer, 1965.

Did you know that the first automobile - a two foot long steam powered model – was made by the Jesuit priest Ferdinand VERSIEST (died 1687)? Source: Guinness Book of Records, 1992, p.357.

Did you know that the Belgian Zenobe Theophile Gramme (1826-1901) was the inventor of the first commercially successful electric generator or motor? Source: The Encyclopedia Americana, vol. 13, p.158

56 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 The Area News

The Belgian farm, located in Heritage Hill Park in Green Bay, is an interesting place to visit. A brick farmhouse, log barns, and outbuildings from the Belgian settlement area of northeastern Wisconsin, have been reconstructed at this Park. Also included are a wayside chapel and a summer kitchen with a brick/stone bake-oven. A new addition for next year’s tourist season will be a small cheese factory, something commonly seen in the country in the early 1900’s, the era which the farm represents. The annual Belgian Farm Days celebration, held the fourth Saturday and Sunday of August, is a nice time to visit this outdoor living history museum. The Park contains many other buildings which are important to the history and development of the Green Bay area. We’ll be looking for you!

Belgian Emigrants - 13th of a Series Note: A correction should be made in the Pietrebais-Chapelle St. Laurent list published in the last issue of “Belgian Laces”, Vol. 14, No. 2. The name of Marie-Joseph RUBENS, wife of Jean Baptiste LEFEVRE, should be deleted. She died in Belgium on 29 March 1853. Jean Baptiste and the children: Joseph, Leopold, and Marie-Silvie left Belgium in 1855.

These departure lists were gathered from different sources in Belgium. Many emigrants settled in Wisconsin, but the lists are not limited to this state. These are villages of departure and not necessarily places of birth. If a birth is known, it is shown here. We thank the researchers in Belgium and elsewhere who have made these lists available.

Jodoigne (Most dates of departure and exact birthdates are not given.)

Francois Xavier ANCIAUX, born at Glimes, and his wife Marie Barbe NIEUWENHUYSEN; William BERGMAN, born ca. 1823; Edouard Tilman BERO, born ca. 1834; Joseph BRICE, born 1830, Jodoigne and his wife Eleonore VILLIESSE, born 1825; left December 1855; Noel BRICE, nephew of Joseph BRICE; Octavien Jean-Baptiste BRICE, Albert BRICE, and Louis BRICE, brothers; believe all departed in 1655; Octavien became a Clerk of Courts in Brown County, Wisconsin; Prosper CORRIN, born ca. 1833; Guillaume DEPPEZ, born 1799; Charles DUSSART, born ca. 1828; Antoine FALLIER: Libert GAUTHIER, born Ca. 1621; Jules HARCQ or HARVEY, born Ca. 1830; Clement LE BRUN, his wife Marie ALBERT, and their children: Pierre, Hubert, Leonie, and Constant LE BRIJN; Jean Philippe PAYE, his wife Rosalie DELARUELLE, and their son Jean-Joseph PAYE; Henry RUBENS, born Pietrebais, and his wife Cecile RYCKAERT, born Leuven/Louvain; and Marie RYCKAERT, sister of Cecile; Henri VILLIESSE, born Beauvechain; Jean-Baptiste and Albert VILLIESSE; all three believed to be brothers.

57 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 Enines Augustin COLLET, born 1860, his wife Josephine NICOLAS, born 1858; and their children Marie-Joseph and Gustave; left 1887 Desire Joseph DELCHAMBRE, born 1841, his wife Emerence GOFFIN, born 1847, and their children Julie, Gustin Joseph, Alphonsine, Etienne Louis and Gustave; no departure date given; Francois Joseph GILLOT, born 1831, his wife Ferdinande NEUVILLE, born 1831, and their children Leonie, Flore, Celestine, Eugenic, and Marie: left 1871; Alexandre GLIME, born 1842, and brother Hubert Joseph GLIME, born 1836; left 1872; Marie-Anne GAUMOTTE, wife of MERGENIER, born 1808; and her children Gilain, Marie-Felicie, Marie-Ide, and Louis Joseph; departure date not given Louis Joseph RADELET, born 1831, his wife Marie-Therese GUISEMBERG, born 1824, and son Jules Joseph RADELET; left 1872; Marie-Joseph TASSOUL, wife of Louis-Joseph MERCENIER, and sons Jean-Louis and Charles MERCENIER.

Geest Gerompont - Petit Rosiere Eugene Joseph WILLIQUET, born 1837; departed 1655; Jean Baptiste DETRY, born 1808 Temploux, his wife Marie-Joseph JALLET, born 1813, and their children Jean Joseph, Marie Therese, Josephine, Henriette, Leopold Guillaume, and Marie Catherine, all born at Geest Gerompont; departed 13 June 1856; Auguste DEBAUCHE, born 31 October 1844 Jodoigne; left 13 June 1656: Jean Joseph MICHOTTE, born 1835; left 25 July 1855; Edouard Joseph COULON, born 1836; left 28 February 1856

St. Jean-Geest Joseph MOTTARD, born 22 December 1822 Autre-Eglise; his wife Marie-Desiree DROSSART, born 20 November 1828 St. Jean-Geest; and their children Charles, Desire, Adolph, and Marie-Melanie.

St. Remy-Geest Henry HUENS (no other information given)

# # # # #

Things to Watch For As often happened when immigrants came to America, their speech couldn’t be understood by clerks and other officials taking down information. Names of towns and villages were especially difficult to decipher. A researcher has to remember this when going through old records. Some village names found on Declarations of Intention and Naturalization Papers in Green Bay are as follows (the correct spelling is in parentheses): Turby Center (Thorembais-St. Trond), Janvo (Genval), Naat (Nethen), Mache (Aische-en-Refail), Gibloo (Gembloux), and ‘t Senneken (nickname for Vaalbeek) ! Happy Hunting, Mary Ann Defnet

58 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 CASTLE GARDEN:WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT IT? by Clare Clemens

On the cover of Volume were eight feet in 13, Number 3/48-19912 thickness. The federal of our Belgian Laces government ceded quarterly, the Castle Clinton to New illustration was York City in 1823. identified as “Enlisting emigrants on the battery The city added a lofty at Ellis Island’. The roof to the fort and illustration actually renamed it “Castle depicts immigrants Garden”. It was then milling about and being turned into a concert enlisted in front of our hail and reception nation’s first receiving center for visiting depot for immigrants, dignitaries. President CASTLE GARDEN, as can be faintly seen on the sign Andrew Jackson and the Marquis de Lafayette were above the main archway in the illustration. once entertained there. Seeing the name Castle Garden on the cover of our The Swedish opera star. Jenny Lind, gave a concert quarterly, prompted me to remember that in our family there which made Castle Garden famous across the history, my Belgian great grandfather had written that United States; her appearance was hailed as the the family “arrived in on Saturday. “sensational event of the 1850s”. December 29th,1888, stopping over at “Castle Garden” for two days”. At this time the Battery was still a wealthy and Fired with the idea that Castle Garden was definitely a fashionable neighborhood with the mansions that well-defined building. I proceeded to the library to see bounded Battery Park acclaimed as being among the what I could learn about this special location with such finest in the city. But soon the Manhattan socialites a beautiful name. Castle Garden! The location where gradually began moving uptown and the Battery area my Belgian ancestors had first set foot on American was abandoned by its wealthier inhabitants. soil! Their departure caused the city to decide to enlarge Battery Park with landfill. The vast heaps of dirt and Through my research I learned that Castle Garden had refuse and the gangs of workmen made the park a less served as the port of New York’s official landing depot inviting place to take the family for outings. It was from 1855 to 1890. Since these 35 years marked a about this time that the city commissioners decided period when a very large number of our Belgian that Castle Garden would be an ideal receiving depot ancestors were emigrating to the United States, and, for immigrants and it was so designated in 1855. since so many arrived through the port of New York, I thought I would share my findings on Castle Garden The concert hall was renovated and now arriving with the members of ‘The Belgian Researchers”. immigrants were taken directly to Castle Garden after they had passed through customs. Prior to the Castle Garden is located at the southern tip of establishment of Castle Garden as the receiving station, Manhattan Island in New York. It was originally a fort the immigrants had been allowed to disembark their called Castle Clinton, named in honor of DeWitt ship directly into after passing through Clinton, then the mayor of New York City. The fort customs as long as no contagious diseases were found was completed in 1811 when the United States was aboard their ship when it docked. Upon disembarking. preparing for the War of 1812 with England and it the new arrivals immediately fell prey to the network served as military headquarters for the U.S. army in of crooked shippers, innkeepers, ticket agents, porters New York during that war. The fort, which stood three and money changers who infested the docks. hundred feet offshore, was connected to the Battery by a wooden causeway. It had walls of red sandstone that

2 On the original issue – not the reprint 59 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53

Without protection, the unsuspecting immigrants soon were swindled out of their money and left destitute in the sprawling city.

With the establishment of Castle Garden, the immigrants now disembarked in a safe location where decent food was available at a nominal cost. There were spacious bath-rooms in which they could cleanse themselves. They could walk and exercise on the protected galleries or on the dock. Order prevailed. Information was given to the passengers by officials

View of Castle Garden emigration station, conversing in their native languages. Letters from from the Annual Report of the [New York] Commissioners friends were transmitted to the new arrivals, bringing of Emigration, 1871-72. them money or information on how they should proceed to their destinations in the new country. Immigrants who were ill were cared for at the commission’s hospital. All these services were paid for by a head tax of one or two dollars which the ship captains collected and paid to the city commissioners.

Castle Garden served the immigrants well until the 1880s when immigration increased to such vast number that the facility was declared hopelessly inadequate to handle the great influx of people. In 1890 the New York commissioners were notified that the federal government would assume responsibility for immigration. Plans were laid out for the building of a new immigration facility on Ellis Island. On New Year’s Day, 1892, Ellis Island officially opened.

Castle Garden was closed, then renovated and served as the site of the New York City Aquarium from 1896 A 1911 view of the buildings at the Battery, including Castle until 1941. In 1946. the one acre site was renamed the Garden, which was built in 1807 in preparation for the War of 1812. Castle Clinton National Monument. Today it is honored as the official landing depot for eight and a quarter million immigrants from 1855 to 1890.

Maybe the next time you visit New York City, you might want to visit this site--the place where your ancestors first stepped on the soil of their new home!

60 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 QUERIES – QUERIES – QUERIES

92.156 – GAUTHY-MICHAUX - My mother HAUBURSIN. They were living in WAYAUX Julia Fedora GAUTHY, born in Ransart 19 and had children: Jean-Charles, b 1806; Jean- Aug.1895 (she is 97 years young and lives in Pascal-Couronne, b 1808; Jean-Francois- Olympia,WA.), came to British Columbia with Eloy, b 1810: Charles; Josephine b 1821 and her grandmother when she was 10 years old in Nicolas-Joseph (1824-1879). Seek also siblings 1905. of Josephine DUBOIS (1811) child of unmarried Her parents divorced in 1908 and her father daughter of J.B.DUBOIS of Chatelet. Philippe Joseph GAUTHY returned to Belgium. Joy GREGOIRE-GILCHRIST. see 92-158. Since then all contact with him was lost. He had a brother Jean-Baptiste and three sisters: Catherine, 92. 160 – HOUILLET-LEMAGE-MALFAIT – Florence and Olivia. They all resided in Ransart, Antonio-Joseph HOUILLET, b. ca.1850 in the Belgium. From Canada, the family moved to surroundings of Charleroi, Bel., came to New Washington. Who can help? Rosemary York around 1890 but disappeared without trace. BALDWIN, 1315 View Avenue – CENTRALIA He may have gone to Kane, PA., to his relatives –WA - 98531. Charles-Louis LEMAGE and Pauline-Jacqueline MALFAIT and maybe died there? His son Ernile 92. 157 – TONGLET-COPP - I wish to Joseph HOUILLET came to US in 1920 aboard correspond with any TONGLET family SS KROONLAND, going to brother-in-law Jacob member/researcher. My ancestor Pierre Joseph LENAGE in Kane, Pa. TONGLET, was born in Namur/B. around 1780, Bernice HOUILLET, 200 Vermont Ave. emigrated to New York prior to 1824 where he CLARKSBURG, WV 26301. married Marie COPP, b. ca 1798 in Nova Scotia. Their children where born in N.Y. before moving 92.161 – BERGER-STOLSAET-GOSSENS - to New Orleans LA 1835. Wish to correspond with descendants of Florian Rita TONGLET, 868 Oakwood Drive. BERGER, born 1858. He married Floriante TERRYTOWN. LA. 70056. STOLSAET and had 6 children. They came to the U,S. in 1900 except son Arthur and daughter 92.158 – GREGOIRE-MAYER - Francois Alice. She married Jean Baptiste GOSSENS and GREGOIRE and xxx MAYER came from they came to the US after WW2. Arthur stayed in Lodelinsart to start a glass factory at Berkshire, Gilly and raised a family. Christian L. BERGER Ma. ca 1886-1888. Their wives came with the 486 24th St NE SALEM 97301. children Ca 1888.The families lived in row- houses in Ames, MA. One of the women, died of 92.162 – GILLARDIN-GILARDIN-GILLARD smallpox and was buried on a nearby farm. What - My G.G.G.father Joseph GILLARDIN born in were the names of others who came with them Belgium (where?) around 1812 was naturalized in and thename of the ones who died there. Scott Co, IA. 22 May 1854. Mis wife was Mary- Joy GREGOIRE-GILCHRIST. Pickle Str. Station Ann and they had 4 children. The youngest HC-64 Bx 38. ALUM BRIDGE, WV 26321. Alexander Joseph GILARDIN was my G.G.father. I would appreciate any info about this 92.159 – GREGOIR-ROSE-HAMBURSIN- family and its origins. DUBOIS - Seek info about Francois GREGOIRE Merle MESSER. P0 Box 19-1051 SAN from Mellet who m. Catherine-Therese ROSE. FRANCISCO CA 94119. Their son Jean-Joseph, b 1772, in Marie-Anne

61 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53

FROM AND TO… FROM AND TO… TERRIERE, IVERSEN, DE MAERE, DEMAN, MARCKX, VENNE, DONCKERS… all related From the VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR to her family. We also received copies of FAMILIEKUNDE in Belgium: We received a Leavings by Trai1...Granum by Rail, extracts letter informing us that Mr. Georges JOHNSON, of a book about Granum, that ends with the husband of Mrs Juliette DE WOLF, born in following: “May each of you feel that they have Geeraardsbergen 13 September 1921, passed reached into the past and touched those whose away in Leuven on October 3, 1992. He was 71 roots are so entwined in yours. . She also send us years old. We send to the family our deepest a copy of the Belgian Texans, with the history of condolences. the first Belgians in and more Georges JOHNSON was well known by many of documentation about Beveren- Waes in Belgium our members as the representative and from where her family came, and copies of some responsible contact person of the V.V.F. in the ‘doodzantjes or memorial pictures of her grand- U.S.A. and Canada. He was one of the Directors parents. of the a collaborator of the “Center for Family Regina also sent us a 20 page copy of an article history”, and associate member of the “Institute that was published in the magazine CEO a while of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies” of ago, about the languages in Belgium. Thank you Canterbury. Regina for all this material. Oscar VAN GEEN will be the new person responsible for overseas contacts. From Lea GASPER, nee DHOORE, we received a number of obituaries relating to From Rene ZABEAU and the new BELGIAN- Belgians from the Somerset, Swan Lakeland and AMERICAN HERITAGE SOCIETY of West- Holland areas of Manitoba. We are publishing Virginia, we received a very interesting report of them in this newsletter, as some of our members their exceptional meeting. A representative of the may be interested in finding names of relatives. Belgian Embassy in Washington D.C. attended the meeting and presented a gift in name of the From DON CARTER, - “ The paper I had been King of Belgium to the family of the late Charles looking for has at last surfaced. It is the probate Dubois, A Belgian by birth, a glass cutter by trade filing of the inventory of my Great-Grand-Father and a poet by love, as he was described by the Francois VAN TOMME’s inventory, household Belgian Ambassador. Congratulations to Rene for and saloon possessions and of the saloon he an exceptional turn- out. All Belgians are really owned back in the 1880s. They had arrived in proud of you. (Read his report in this newsletter). America back in 1871 when my Grandfather was a lad of 4 years. Francois persued numerous From Regina WHITEHILL. We received a ventures trying to make a living, one of which large enveloppe containing an extended was to buy a saloon which he documentation about the:

62 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 operated until his death in 1883. He was buried in reigns over the Delhi Tobacco Harvest Festival a new suit costing $1.33 in a $12.00 coffin. and acts as an Ambassador for the Canadian It is a very special inventory because in the well- Tobacco Industry for one year. detailed listing of the whole household, tables, Agnes is researching the WILLAERT - chairs, clock, crimping machine, rocking chair, SINNAEVE - VERLAE - VOLCKE -DERYNCK stove, bed steads with bedding, etc., there is also - GHYSEL, etc. mention of 20 tons of ice, which the administrator could not sell and it melted.. We were wondering To Kristine SMETS - I took the liberty of how this could have been sold? Don writes that copying your spekulaas recipe from the Galette all of it melted..”. Imagine 20 ons of melted ice in van Detroit. I am sure you have more typical your basement! There were also 8 ine glasses Flemish or Belgian specialties in the two listed on the inventory paper, one of which is the cookbooks you mention. - I would love to have proud possession of Don. By the way, Don’s dear more.- If you agree to share, you can send them wife Lois, had the same surgery as mine, in Flemish, I’ll translate and convert the replacement of a knee joint in stainless steel. Don measurements! Wel bedankt op voorhand. Leen. writes that she has shown much progress in the past months. It is a question of patience and FROM Evelyn SANTILLI.- Here are extraction exercise. of naturalization records for Weld County, We wish you a full recovery Lois, and lots of Colorado. I was searching for family records, patience and courage. found them, and decided that since there were so many Flemish names I would copy all of them to From Agnes WILLAERT-SINNAEVE - in send to you. Maybe they will be helpingme of our Langton, Ontario, writes: we are in a very members. Belgian area and families are growing, but the (See Naturalization Records in this bulletin) younger generations are getting married to other nationalities now. We have Germans, From Richard DE LOMBARD – I read Belgian Hungarian, Polish, etc. that also are working Laces with great interest, but have been amazed tobacco in the Lexington area since the 1920’s not to see mention of Belgians living in Lowell, and Delhi around 1922.. The Belgian Hall in area. Whereas I haven’t visited Delhi, built in 1947, still has dances and senior there since I was young. I’ve been told that there cards, archery, pool, bowling, etc. Most of the were many Belgians living in that part of grand children can’t speak Flemish, but Massachusetts. understand some. All our seniors speak English (note of the editor: We will do our best to have and or Flemish or French. Every year young girls something special about MA in the next issue. between 18 and 22 are competing for the crown Thank you for reminding us of this.) of Ontario Tobacco Queen. The Queen than

63 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53

NATURALIZATION RECORDS, City of Greeley, Weld Co. Colorado From Evelyn Ann SANTILLI

Name Birth Place/Date Arrival Date Arr. Naturalized

ARYS Camiel Pierre, Belgium 13 May 1887 New York 15-Feb-1917 25-Jun-1954 CARTON Camille, Belgium 24 Dec 1885 New York 2-May-1907 7-Nov-1913 CITRON Edmond. Belgium 9 Sep 1867 New York 28 Jul 1887 4-Apr-1931 CITRON Vesta, Belgium 22 Sep 1879 New York 28 July 188 4-Apr-1931 CNOCKAERT Kamiel, Belgium 11 Jul 1894 New York 1-Mar-1911 21-Feb-1917 CNOCKAERT Ernest, Belgium 14 Jul 1884 New York 11-Mar-1906 26-Sep-1914 CNOCKAERT Oscar, Belgium 7 Sep 1886 New York 2-May-1907 25-Sep-1914 DE CEUNINCX Oscar, Belgium 2 Mar 1885 New York 7-Jul-1911 25-Sep-1925 DE GRYSE Arthur, Belgium 15 Oct 1884 New York 16-Nov-1904 30-Sep-1916 DE GRYSE Camiel Belgium 10 Dec 1882 New York 6-Apr-1903 25-Feb-1916 DE GRYSE Edmond, Belgium 15 Feb 1887 New York 4-Sep-1910 24-Feb-1917 DE PORTER Arthur. Belgium 6 Aug 1896 New York 31-Oct-1910 25-Sep-1920 DE PORTER Camiel Belgium 8 Jul 1873 no record in NY no date given DE SAMBER Elisa, Belgium 17 Nov 1892 New York 17-Sep-1912 10-Jan-1947 DE VISSCHER Henry, Belgium 1 Nov 1890 New York 16-Oct-1903 29-Sep-1917 DU PONT Jerome, France 17-Dec-1903 New York 29-Aug-1920 30-Jun-1928 GHESQUIERE Achille, Belgium 13 Apr 1881 New York 1-Dec-1911 26-Sep-1918 GHESQUIERE Arthur, Belgium 6 Jun 1890 New York 14-Apr-1911 24-Feb-1917 GILNAY Jean Louis, Belgium 23 Jan 1881 PH/MI 26-Apr-1913 6 Jan 1845 GILNAY Michele, Belgium 20 Apr 1884 PH/MI 26-Apr-1913 6 Jan 1845 HOOGERS Julia M., Belgium 14-Jul-1929 LA/CA 5-Mar-1959 26-Jun-1964 HOOZEE Octave J., Belgium 20 Apr 1881 Boston/MA 1-May-1906 2-Jan-1941 KINDT Albert Jos., Belgium 26-Sep-1901 New York 23-Aug-1926 31-Mar-1944 KINDT Denis J., Belgium 5-Apr-1926 New York 23-Aug-1926 28-Jun-1946 KINDT Zulma, Belgium 4-Jul-1903 New York 23-Aug-1926 28-Jun-1946 LAMBERT Jules, Belgium 5 Feb 1881 New York 17-Apr-1905 30-Sep-1916 VAN GRAEFSCHEPE Ad., Belgium 20 Jul 1881 New York 23-Apr-1909 30-Sep-1916 VAN GRAEFSCHEPE Flor. Belgium 4 Feb 1885 New York 23-Apr-1909 25-Sep-1915 VAN GRAEFSCHEPE Leon, Belgium 20 May 1880 New York 3-Mar-1908 25-Sep-1915 VAN HOECKE Jules, Belgium 29 Jul 1888 New York 24-May-1909 9-May-1917 VAN HOOFSTADT Ther. Belgium 29 Sep 1877 New York 3-Sep-1907 1-Jul-1944 VERGOTE Camiel Belgium 26 Jul 1875 Portland/ME 1-Apr-1905 30-Sep-1916 VINCKIER Morris, Belgium 31 Jul 1892 New York 3-Jan-1911 24-Feb-1917 WINCKEL Leon, Belgium 4 Oct 1893 New York 13-May-1907 no date given

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NY PASSENGER LIST XIII:

SS WESTERNLAND Arriving New York 26 October 1887 from Antwerp

Pass. # Name sex/age occupation Going to. 044 Desire BURGE F/3O Pittsburg, Pa. 045 Marie BURGE F/9 with 044 046 Emile BURGE M/6 with 044 047 Elise BURGE F/4 with 044 212 Walter AUBRY M/24 laborer Phillipsburg, Pa. 214 Pierre WILSETTE M/29 laborer Phillipsburg, Pa. 264 Elise THOOLET ? farmer New York 282 H. VAN LOO M/27 farmer New York 283 Philip DE BOCKE M/29 laborer New York 284 Nicobus (?) MARQUET M/56 Laborer New York 285 Rosalie COURTENS F/68 New York 286 Marie MARQUET F/24 (with 284?) New York 287 Florine VAN HOLLSMARSH (?) F/17 New York 289 Pierre DUPONT M/28 Tarentum, Pa. 289 Aim(abl)e BRIGODER (?) M/24 miller Tarentum, Pa. 290 Cathe. FLARGUINE (?) F/infant with 289 291 Julia BRIGODER (?) F/22 wife of 289? 292 J B. DEPRILLE M/23 laborer Tarentum, Pa. 293 Charles SOMICK( ?) M/27 laborer 294 J. B. DUPONT M/2l farmer Tarentum, Pa 299 Elise MONTING F/15 296 Maria THERMAUL (?) F/40 297 J.B. LEFEVRE M/22 laborer 298 Florent SEVONNIK (?) M/46 laborer Tarentum, Pa. 299 Louis LOTTEN M/24 laborer 200 Henry LEVERE M/30 laborer 301 Celina CHANTEUR F/26 302 Celina TREGALET F/22 Pittsburg, Pa. 302 Desiré WILLON... F/3 months McDonald, Pa. 304 Amable PETIT M/27 brewer McDonald. Pa. 309 J. B. LULENG (?) M/45 laborer Butler, Pa. 306 Jean DE LONGHE M/39 laborer Rich Hill, Pa. 207 Ch.. . ROMINET F/28 Tipton, Pa. 308 Marie THEYO (?) F/28 Mantell 309 Virginie VLESCHEWER (?) F/32 (wife of 310?) New York 310 Henri GEYLER M/39 New York 311 Victorine GEYLER F/11months with 310 312 Pierre FACKLEN (?) M/40 laborer Kansas City, 313 Sabine DE CLERCK F/26 with 312 314 Henri BERZINGEN M/38 farmer Shamokin, Pa. 315 George VANIN M/32 farmer 316 Victor AZAMBIE M/29 farmer Pittsburg, Pa. 317 Marie KIEFFER F/19 (wife of 216?); Pittsburq, Pa. 318 Jean AZAMBIE M/11 319 J.B. SCHERY N/31 laborer Pittshurg, Pa. 320 Leonora MOUNIER (?) F/38

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SS WESTERNLAND CONTINUED Pass. # Name sex/age occupation Going to.

321 J.B. LEBERG M/10 Pittsburg, Pa. 322 Hippolyte LEBERG F/8 Pittsburg, Pa. 323 Adolphine LEBERG F/9 months Pittsburg, Pa. 324 Josef BURG M/34 miner Pittsburg, Pa. 325 Marie VIHL F/29 wife of 324 326 Nanette BURG F/8 with 324 327 Francois BURG M/4 with 324 328 Marie BURG F/2 with 324 329 Achille BORLETTE M/39 miner Coal City, Pa. 330 Jules CHOUTARD M/29 miner Spring Valley, Pa. 331 Alfr. DUINEZ (?) F/33 New York 332 Edward DENAYEN (?) M/47 farmer Escanaba, 323 Marie DENAYEN F/47 with332 334 Josef DENAYEN M/18 with332 339 Clernence DENAYEN F/15 with332 336 Marie DENAYEN F/12 with332 337 Elisa DENAYEN F/8 with 332 328 Elisa GOSTA F/22 Detroit, Michigan 372 Celestine GOBERT F/21 Tarentum. Pa. 373 Therese FREDERI F/32 Tarentum. Pa. 374 Irma THONE F/9 Tarentum. Pa. 373 Camilla WERREL F/4 Pittsburgh, Pa with 376? 376 Marie POULLARD F/30 Pittsburgh, Pa 277 Fermin (?) WERREL M/4 with 376? 378 Therese WERREL F/3 with 376? 379 Eva WERREL F/1 with 376? 390 Camille WERREL F/30 with 275-379? 391 Desiré GOUET (?) F/29 Pittsburg, Pa. 392 Josephine DELOYE F/26 Pittsburg, Pa. 383 Josephine COLOMBINE (?) F/47 Pittsburg, Pa. 394 Désiré GOUET F/3 with 361? 329 Francoise GOUET F/11 months with 321? 396 Maria GRANDJEAN F/26 Pittsburg, Pa. 327 August HENRY M/11 months with 386? 622 Jacob PERREL M/20 laborer New York 623 Josef HARDY M/27 laborer New York 624 G. WELVAERT M/34 laborer New York

“SS ” Arrivinf New York 6 January 1888 from Antwerp Pass. # Name sex/age occupation Going to.

2 Jean DERVILLE M/adult farmer St. Paul, Minn. 3 Mrs. J DERVILLE F/adult wife of 002 57 Edward LECOMPTE M/54 miner Phillipsburg, Pa. 58 Edward LECOMPTE M/23 miner Phillipsburg, Pa. 59 Leonard LECOMPTE M/11 miner Phillipsburq, Pa.

66 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53 RECIPES – RECIPES – RECIPES http://www.achatsflash.com/recherche_recette.php http://users.skynet.be/la_cuisine_belge/speculoos.htm http://www.epicurien.be/epicurien/recette.asp?fil=270

With the Holiday season right at our doorsteps and all of us trying to surprise our family with some very spe&al treat I thought I would like to help you with your “Kerstmaal”,”le dinnerde Noel” or in plain English: your Christmas dinner. We usually like to get off to a good start of the feast with a champagne punch for the grown ups, (I have a suggestion for the children too) accompanied by some delicate snacks, not too much. we don’t want to spoil the appetite of our family and guestst. This is followed by a simple four course meal: an entrée (meaning literally an entrance into the meal, so not the main course); a salad or a soup, a main dish and a dessert followed by a good cup of coffee and a “borrel”; a “petite goute’ a small glass of brandy or liqueur. Some of the recipes, that already appeared in Belgian Laces would do very well for the entrée, like the Delices Ostendaises (BL14 #52) or for the main dish, the Leg of Lamb or the Stuffed Pork Roast (BL15 #49). But here are some other suggestions. For the Main dish I translated a nice specialty that I gleaned from the little cookbook Trente-Cinq Recettes de Cuisine Beige which was distributed to the Belgians in Britain during the Second World War ed.1942 and sent to us by our member Pat Donna. Thank you Pat. If anyone has a favorite recipe to share, we would love to print it!

Champagne Punch Inghels - masterpiece This can be prepared (by hubby or the For 10 to 12 people older children) ahead of time and put in the All the following well chilled! refrigerator for a few hours to allow you time to fix 1 bottle of dry champagne the rest of your dinner. a handful of fresh frozen berries (raspberries, strawberries Soup.: Crème de Champignons - Light cream or boysenberries) of Mushrooms - serves 6 to 8 1 large bottle of 7 Up or Sprite Please: do not substitute with a canned variety. This Optional: ½ cup of apricot brandy one is so much better and is so easy to prepare! Mix all just before serving. You can freeze some fruit 1 Lb fresh mushrooms (choose nicely closed white juice in a jelly mold and add this to your punch for a caps) dramatic effect. For a non-alcoholic punch use same 1 quart chicken broth recipe but substitute sparkling apple cider for the 2Tbsp. butter champagne and omit the brandy. With this serve 3Tbsp. flour either miniature quiches (available in the commerce) 2Tbs. sherry or Brandy (optional) or the shrimp fritters (mentioned above), or simply 2 cups light cream (half & half) some cheese sticks. Keep it light. 1 ½ tsp.salt ¼ tsp.tabasco Entrée: Tomate aux Crevettes - Gevulde chopped chives for garnish Tomaat Cut the stems off at the bottom of the mushroom caps Pick one nice ripe medium tomato per person. and combine the stems with the chicken broth, Buy fresh small shrimp, figuring about 1/3 to ½ cup simmer for 30 to 40 minutes. Strain the broth per tomato (gray shrimp from the Nordsea if you can through a cheesecloth, discard the mushroom stems find them ; I use small pacific ocean shrimp) and set aside. In a saucepan melt the butler over low Cut the top of the tomato, carefully empty the meat heat, add the flour and stir until the mixture foams . and the seeds inside, sprinkle some salt into the Carefully and stirring with a wire whisk pour in the tomato and turn it upside down so it can drain. In the broth . and cook over medium heat until slightly top, cut out the center where the twit was attached to thickened. Slice the mushroom caps thinly , add these the vine. If you now holding the tomato cap in two to the boiling broth and simmerfor about 10 minutes. hands and press the top down with your thumbs, the (Now add Sherry or Brandy) . Heat the cream, and cap will form a little crown, Set aside. stir into the broth. It should form a nice light cream. Mix the shrimp with a few spoons of mayonnaise, 2 of the consistency of whipping cream (before tsp (or so, depending on the amount of shrimp) of whipping!!) not the thick heavy cream soups that are lemon juice, and finely chopped parsley. Add the served in American restaurants! Add salt and chopped tomato meat. Add some drops of tobasco to Tabasco to taste. give t a little extra bite. Taste for seasoning It should Heat through thoroughly and serve sprinkled with be nicely tart. Fill the tomatoes with the shrimp chopped chives “Vous m’en donnerez des nouvelles” mixture, don’t skimp, it should be overflowing! (You will tell me all about it) as Pierre’s dear mother Finally press the cap crown on top of your used to say. 67 Belgian Laces Vol14 #53

Main Dish: the apple, add water until about halfway up the Les Oiseaux sans cabbage and bring all slowly to a boil. Let simmer Têtes (Headless over very low heat for about ito 1 ½ hours. The birds...) cabbage should be tender but not soft. Finish with the red currant jelly. ½ LB ground veal (or lean beef) ½ LB ground pork Special recipe: Speculaas-Speculoos pepper, salt and If there ever was a St Niklaas cookie it was and still chopped parsley is the Speculaas a delicious spice cookie! St. Niklaas- day is celebrated in Belgium and the other Low 1 very thin slice of beef th per person Lands on December 6 . Our member Kristine Smets 2 slices of white bread (like French bread) soaked en from Chicago submitted this recipe to the Gazette some warm milk. van Detroit. I converted the grams to oz. and I hope butter and cooking oil for browning it’s all right with you, Note: the amount of stuffing depends on the # of Kristine! ‘birds’ needed. This should fill about 8. 14 oz flour Marinade: 5 oz butter ¾ cup red wine 12 oz brown sugar 2 egg yolks 1 ½ cups water + l Tbs.cooking oil 3 I tsp. thyme, 2 laurel leaves, 1 diced onion 1 tsp. speculaas spices 1 Tbs water Make a stuffing with the ground meats, the milk- 1 tsp. baking powder soaked bread, the parsley and the easonings. For the Cream the butter. Add sliced beef: ask the butcher to cut as many fine (not the sugar, egg yolks. thicker than ¼’ ) slices from the rump. Marinade water and spices. Sift the flour with the baking these for about two hours. Then divide the stuffing powder and add to the mixture. Knead well. Let rest over the number of slices you need, spread out in a cool place for 24 hours. Knead again. Roll out generously and roll up “cinnamon roll fashion. Plan the batter and cut into 2 ½ x 1 ½ in rectangles. enough Fasten either with a toothpick or with a Arrange on a buttered cookie sheet and bake for string. Brown the meat rolls in the butter. Cover and about 15 mm. in a 375F oven. simmer over low heat. The ground pork in the stuffing should give enough fat and the bread enough moisture to keep the rolls from burning. You may add some of the marinade if necessary, but be careful not to steam the meat. Braise for 40 to 45 minutes. Take out the meatrolls, add water or red wine to the drippings in the pan and thicken with some gravy thickener if so desired, Arrange the birds on a platter, pour the gravy over them and serve with plain boiled potatoes accompanied by: If you are fond of Speculoos,

Brabant Red Cabbage – Chou Rouge a new taste (2005) combines Speculoos Brabançonne with ice cream. (from the same little cookbook) Recipes available online … 1 medium red cabbage + 1 sour apple peeled and quartered and 1 onion, chopped

1 Tbsp. vinegar 3 I Tbs. red currant jelly Speculaas spices: mix equal parts of cinnamon, nutmeg, doves and ginger: one can add more cinnamon to taste. 1 Tbs. brown sugar (gleaned from De Gazette van Detroit (Oct29 1992) pepper, salt to taste Traditionally the cookie dough was pressed on wooden Cut the cabbage in very fine slices, sprinkle with the boards, carved with St. Niklaas- or male and female vinegar and the sugar. Melt the bacon fat in a figures, as shown below and decorated with thinly sliced casserole dish and sauté the cabbage until tiny, add or slivered almonds. The illustration shows the finished cookie made with an antique speculaas board 68