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J. Alakärppä, J. Lkäheimo & E' Oianlatva Oulun Peurasuo 1997

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J. Alakärppä, J. Lkäheimo & E' Oianlatva Oulun Peurasuo 1997 J. Alakärppä, J. lkäheimo & E' Oianlatva Oulun Peurasuo 1997 - myöhäiskivikautisen as u i n pai n anteen kaivau stutki m u s LI Oulu n yliopiston arkeologian labo ratorion tutkimusraportti 1 5 ~--------------------------------~- J. Alakarppa, J. Ikaheimo & E. Ojanlatva . Oulun Peurasuo 1997 - my6haiskivikautisen asuinpainanteen kaivaustutkimus ISBN 951-42-4933-X ISSN 1238-8912 Julkaisija: Oulun yliopisto, arkeologian laboratorio I PL 400,90571 OULU I puh. 08-5533236 I email jalakarp/jpi/[email protected] ! Toimittajat: Tekijat Painatus: OULUN YLIOPISTOPAINO Oulu 1998 SISALLYS SAATESANAT ..................................................... I PEURASUON MUINAISJA.A.NNOSALUE Sijainti, tutkimushistoria ja muinaisjiiann6sten kuvaus .. 3 Asuinpainanne Peurasuo N Asuinpainanne Peurasuo W Kuopanteet Asuinpainanteiden topografinen analyysi ja ajoitus .......................... 6 Peurasuo N - asuinpainanne osana Oulujokilaakson muinaisuutta .......... 7 KAIVAUKSET Valmistavat toimenpiteet . 8 Kaivausmetodit ..................................................... 9 Kuvallinen dokumentaatio ................................ Mika Friman 10 DigitaaIikuvaus Valokuvaus filmimateriaalille Videokuvaus Kaivausalue. 11 Koeoja ................................................................... 13 Koeruudut ............................................................... 15 Fosforiniiytleet. .. 16 Hiiliniiytleet . .. 18 RAKENTEET JA ESINELOYDOT Asuinrakenteet ........................................................... 19 KiVI '1'" aJlesmee t'Ja -IS. k 0 k set ................................................. 22 Kvartsiesineetja -iskokset .................................... Timo Ylimaunu 23 Loyd6t Iskokset Ytimet ja raaka-ainekappale Esineet Tulkintaa Animal bones .......................................... Markku Niskanen 28 Palaneet kivet ............................................................ 30 YHTEENVETO JA TULEVAISUUDENNA.KYMIA. .......................... 31 SUMMARY ............................................................. 33 List of Tables List of Figures List of Drawings KIRJALLISUUS ......................................................... 37 ARKISTOTIEDOT ....................................................... 39 KUVALIITTEET ......................................................... 40 1 SAATESANAT Oulun Peurasuon kaivaustutkimus ideoitiin Oulun yliopiston klassiIIisen arkeologian oppiaineen jlirjestiimiilIii Turkin-ekskursiolla syyskuussa 1996. Motiivin kaivaukselle tarjosi arkeologian opetuksen laajeneminen yliopistossamme siten, eWi opiskelijoiIIe tarjoutui ensimmaista kertaa mahdolIisuus suorittaa laudatur-tasoisia paiiaineopintoja. Muutoksen merkkina uusiin tutkinto­ vaatimuksiin oli sisiilIytetty syventiiviit opinnot ja niihin edelleen Kiiytannon arkeologia II - niminen opintojakso, jonka hyviiksytty suorittaminen edellyttiia arkeologisten kenttiitiiiden johtamistaja raportoimista. Tamii vaatimus mielessiimme aloimme vaimistella Peurasuo-projek­ tia samaisena syksynii, piiiimiiliriinlirnme elokuussa 1997 toteutettava kaivaustutkimus. Tuon tutkimuksen tulokset saatetaan julkisuuteen tiiman raportin myotii ja samalla haluamme kayttiiii tilaisuutta hyviiksi kiittiimiilIa niitii henkiloitii, joiden tukea ilman Oulun Peurasuon kaivaus ei olisi koskaan tullut toteutumaan. Ensisijaisesti kaivaukset Peurasuolla mahdolIisti maanomistaja Heikki Hepolan myota­ mielisyys projektiamme kohtaan sekii Oulun yliopiston arkeologinen tiedeyhteiso,joita saamam­ me tuki kattoi kaikki arkeologisen tutkimuksen osa-alueet aina kaivausmetodiikkaa koskeneista neuvoista kaivausvalineiden, kuten lastojen, lapioiden sekii jlireiimman tutkimusviilineiston lainaamiseen. Kaivauksen takana seisoi yksimielisesti koko oppiaineen opetushenkilokunta - professori Milton Nunez sekii lehtorit Pentti Koivunen ja Eero J arva - joita haluamme nain yhteisesti kiittiiii. Viihintiiiin yhtii tlirkea tuen lahde Peurasuolla puurtaneiIIe opiskelijoiIIe on ollut arkeolo­ gian laboratorio, jonka henki16kunta; tutkimussihteeri ElIi Heino, konservaattori Jari Heinonen ja kartanpiirtiijii Irene Ryyppo ovat merkittiivalla tavalla edesauttaneet projektimme etenemistii. Erityisen kiitolIisia olemme arkeologian laboratorian amanuenssi Jari OkkoselIe, joka massiivi­ sesta tyiitaakastaan huolimatta on ystaviilIisesti ja kiirsiviiIIisesti ohjannut ja opastanut meitii, unohtamatta hiinen Peurasuon kaivausten eteen sekii laboratoriossa ettii kentiilIii tekemiaan lukuisia tyotunteja. Kaivauksen audiovisuaalisen dokumentoinnin suoritti kokonaisuudessaan HuK Mika Fri­ man, joka keriisi Peurasuolta aineistoa pro gradu -tutkielmaansa varten. Tiiviin dokumentointi­ tyon tuloksena kaytossiimme on ollut paitsi monipuolinen myos otteeltaan innovatiivinen kuva­ materiaali, joka on tasoltaan ammattilaisen ammattimaista. Vain herra Frimanin luontainen vaatimattomuus esti sen, ettei han esiinny yhtenii tiiman raportin allekirjoittajista. Olemme kiitoIIisia myos Peurasuolla tyoskennelIeiIIe opiskelijoiIIe ja vapaaehtoisiIIe,jotkakiitisti totellen suorittivat valtaosan kiiytiinnon tutkimustoiminnasta. Peurasuo-projektia ovat myos merkittiiviillii tavalla avustaneet lukuisat Oulun yliopiston palkkalistoiIIa tai muuten sen piirisSii vaikuttavat henki16t. Yleisen historian amanuenssi, arke­ ologi Markku Miikivuoti opasti meita asiantuntevasti kaivausten organisoinnissaja oli suureksi avuksi Museovirastoon suuntautuvien velvoitteiden tiiyttiimisessii. Kaivaus16ytiijen tulkinnassa jajuJkaisussa meita ovat asiantuntemuksellaan tukeneet M.Sc. Andre Costopoulos ja museonhoi­ taja Seppo GehOr (kiviesineet), PhD Markku Niskanen (luut) ja PM Timo Ylimaunu (kvartsit). Arkeologi PM Pirjo Rautiainen auttoi ystiiviillisesti Peurasuon kasvilajien tunnistamisessa. Kiitamme myos Taideaineidenja antropologian laitoksen (TAIDA) johtajaa, prof. Liisi Huhtalaa, joka ennakkoluulottomasti tuki pienimuotoista kaivaustamme. Oulun yliopiston yksikoistii haluamme erikseen mainita Opintotoimiston, jonka opetuksen kehittiimiseen myontiimii avustus toi merkittiiviin lisan kaivaustemme muutenkin niukkaan budjettiin. Pohjois-Pohjanmaan maakuntamuseon varaukseton tuki oli eriis tlirkeimmistakaivaustemme toteutumiseen johtaneista tekijoistii. Olemme kiitoIIisia tiista niin museonjohtaja IIse Juntikalle, projektitutkijaAimo Kehusmaalle kuin HuK Mika Sarkkiselle. Museon suosioIIiselIa avustuksel­ la saimme Oulun kaupunginhaIIitukselta tutkimusmiiiirlirahan, jolla katettiin valtaosa kaivauksen tyovoimakulujen ulkopuolelle jaaneista kustannuksista. Olemme luonnoIIisesti kiitoksen velkaa Oulun kaupungiIIe, joka osoitti jiilleen kerran olevansa vahvan teknologisen osaamisen lisiiksi kiinnostunut myos varhaishistoriastaan. Lopuksi haluamme tuoda esiin kaivauksemme yhteistyotahot, joiden anteliaasti osoittama materiaalinen tuki edisti merkittavasti kaivaustemme onnistumista. Piirimestaruustason urheilun 2 tai taiteen sijasta muinaistutkimuksen kutsuun vastasivat kauppias Juha Alakarppa ja K-Market Henrik. insinoori Veikko Merenlahti ja Tielaitoksen Muhoksen tiepiiri. aluepaallikko Harri Buddasja Canon Finland seka diplomi-insinoori Markku Meiniliija Geoditechin Oulun konttori. Lopuksi kiitlimme itse itseamme hyvin (ja) halvalla toteutetusta arkeologisesta tutkimuksesta. Taman raportin omistamme Karajollarille ja laulaville hylkeille. Oulussa, 6.4.1998 ~ f}) / 1 rJa{n If!a'~---- 4~,U~ # J!,::J~ (j- Jalo Alakarppa /r~:mne Ikliheimo ! Eijl!: Ojanlatva 3 PEURASUON MUINAISJAANNOSALUE Sijainti, tutkimushistoria ja muinaisjaannosten kuvaus Peurasuon muinaisjiHinnosalue sijaitsee Oulujoen pohjoispuolella, noin kilometri Oulun kaupun­ gin ja Muhoksen kunnan rajalta pohjoiseen. Kohde sijoittuu Metelinmaen ja Pirttikankaan valiselle kuivalle kankaalle, joka rajautuu etelassa ja osin idassa Peurasuo-nimiseen peltoon. Kankaan pohjoisosassa kulkee hiekkapohjainen metsaautotie, jonka lisaksi sen Javistaa myos kaksi lounais-kaakkoissuuntaista korkeajannitelinjaa. Alueella on myos useita kotitarveottoa pal velevia hiekkakuoppia, jotka eivat nykyisellaan uhkaa alueelta tunnettua muinaisjaannoskantaa. Muinaisjaann6salue koostuu kahdesta, noin 400 m paassa toisistaan sijaitsevasta asuinpainanteesta seka epiilukuisasta maiirasta pienempia kuopanteita, joista valtaosa keskittyy asuinpainanteiden valiselle alueelle. Kuitenkin enemmistO niista sijaitsee pohjoisen asuinpainanteen (Peurasuo N) liihistOlla, joka oli elokuussa 1997 suoritettujen arkeologisten kaivaustutkimusten ensisijainen kohde. Lisaksi samaan muinaisjaann6skeskittymaan liittynee noin kilometri Peurasuon alueesta lanteen, 28. toukokuuta 1995 suoritetun tarkastuskaynnin yhteydessa Metelinmaen etelarinteelta 16ydetty kvartsiasuinpaikka. Viimeksi mainitun kohteen tarkempi kasittely on kuitenkin rajattu taman raportin ulkopuolelle. Seuraavassa kuvaus alueelta tahiin mennessa havaituista muinais­ jaannoksista (ks. piirrokset 1-3). Asuinpainanne Peurasuo N Arkeologisen kaivaustutkimuksen kohteena ollut asuinpainanne' sijaitsee Peurasuon peltoalueen pohjoispuolisella kankaalla, joka viettaa terassimaisesti kohti etelaa. Kankaan maapera on paaosaltaan keskihiekkaa. Metsatyyppi alueella on nuorehko mannikko. Asuinpainanne on muodoltaan pitkanomainen, ja se sijoittuu maastoon rantaterassien tavoin koillis-Iounais­ suuntaisesti. Muinaisjaann6s muodostuu keskuspainanteesta ja sita ympiir6ivasta vallista, jotka molemmat erottuvat maastossa selvasti. Asuinpainanteen kokonaismitoiksi voidaan pintavaakitusarvoihin pohjautuvan verkko­ mallinja profiilipiirrosten perusteella (piirrokset 2, 15) maaritella noin 24xll
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