DOCSLIB.ORG

Trashed and Treasured

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Trashed and Treasured TRASHED AND TREASURED Fossils in archaeological contexts in prehistoric Scania Terese Ljunggren ARKM21, VT 2019 Supervisor: Åsa Berggren Department of Archaeology and Ancient History Lund University Thanks to My mother for constant love and support My supervisor for motivation and feedback The staff at LUHM for welcoming and helping me Coffee for always being there for me Front image: Terese Ljunggren, 2019 1 Abstract Humans have always been fascinated with and collected fossils, regardless of any pre-existing knowledge of their ancient origins. But, there is very little research on the subject, especially in Swedish archaeology. This thesis explores the relationship between people and fossils in prehistoric Scania through contextual analysis and the affordances of different fossilized organisms. What is revealed is a multifarious relationship with both continuity and changes throughout prehistory. The little research that has been published on the subject is expanded upon, and it is determined that fossils have held a place in the material cultures, practices and worldviews of people in the region from the Mesolithic to the Viking Age and beyond. Keywords: Fossils, prehistory, Scania, contextual archaeology, affordance. 2 Abbreviation guide Chronology BA: Bronze Age EBA: Early Bronze Age EIA: Early Iron Age EN: Early Neolithic LBA: Late Bronze Age LIA: Late Iron Age LN: Late Neolithic Meso: Mesolithic MN: Middle Neolithic Neo: Neolithic PRIA: Pre Roman Iron Age RIA: Roman Iron Age VA: Viking Age VP: Vendel Period Fossils Be: Belemnite Bi: Bivalve Co: Coral Su: Sea urchin Un: Unidentified/undefined 3 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 8 A long fascination .................................................................................................................. 8 What fossils are .................................................................................................................... 10 Fossilisation processes ..................................................................................................... 10 Research history: Fossils in… .............................................................................................. 10 … Prehistoric Scandinavia ............................................................................................... 10 … Folklore ....................................................................................................................... 14 Purpose and research questions ................................................................................................ 17 Fossils as material culture .................................................................................................... 17 Limitations ........................................................................................................................... 18 Setup and implementation .................................................................................................... 18 Finding and describing the material ................................................................................. 18 Analysing the material ..................................................................................................... 19 Source criticism .................................................................................................................... 19 Bias ................................................................................................................................... 20 Methodological approaches ...................................................................................................... 22 Studying fossils - What is the thing? .................................................................................... 22 Literary sources ................................................................................................................ 22 Visual analysis .................................................................................................................. 22 Contextual analysis – where is the thing? ............................................................................ 22 Physical context ................................................................................................................ 22 Con-text: Reading the archaeological record ................................................................... 23 Similarities and differences .............................................................................................. 24 Theoretical approaches ............................................................................................................. 26 Materiality – Why is the thing? ............................................................................................ 26 Materiality and affordance ............................................................................................... 26 Materiality and contexts ................................................................................................... 28 Material .................................................................................................................................... 29 The fossils ............................................................................................................................ 29 Sea urchins ....................................................................................................................... 29 Belemnites ........................................................................................................................ 30 Shells, bivalves, molluscs and oysters ............................................................................. 30 Coral and Shark tooth ....................................................................................................... 31 Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 32 4 What are the things? ............................................................................................................. 32 Visual analysis – a small case study ................................................................................. 32 Affordances ...................................................................................................................... 34 Where are the things? ........................................................................................................... 39 Physical contexts .............................................................................................................. 39 Find compositions ................................................................................................................ 52 Graves and tombs ............................................................................................................. 52 Offerings and ritual depositions ....................................................................................... 54 Fossil origins ........................................................................................................................ 57 Sea urchins, bivalves and coral ........................................................................................ 57 Belemnites ........................................................................................................................ 57 Shark teeth ........................................................................................................................ 58 Discussion – Why fossils? ........................................................................................................ 59 Continuity and changes over time ........................................................................................ 59 Local phenomena ................................................................................................................. 60 The dolmens at Döserygg ................................................................................................. 60 Depositions at Hindby Fen ............................................................................................... 61 Used fossils in Svågertorp ................................................................................................ 61 Continuity in Svågertorp .................................................................................................. 62 Fossils and people ................................................................................................................ 62 Future possibilities ............................................................................................................... 64 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 65 The fossils found .................................................................................................................. 65 What they were used for ....................................................................................................... 65 Where they have been found ................................................................................................ 65 What they have been found with .......................................................................................... 66 Where they are from ............................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mid-Cretaceous Rocks in Minnesota and Contiguous Areas
    Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mid-Cretaceous Rocks in Minnesota and Contiguous Areas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1253 Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mid-Cretaceous Rocks in Minnesota and Contiguous Areas By WILLIAM A. COBBAN and E. A. MEREWETHER Molluscan Fossil Record from the Northeastern Part of the Upper Cretaceous Seaway, Western Interior By WILLIAM A. COBBAN Lower Upper Cretaceous Strata in Minnesota and Adjacent Areas-Time-Stratigraphic Correlations. and Structural Attitudes By E. A. M EREWETHER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1 2 53 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1983 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cobban, William Aubrey, 1916 Stratigraphy and paleontology of mid-Cretaceous rocks in Minnesota and contiguous areas. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1253) Bibliography: 52 p. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16 A. Molluscan fossil record from the northeastern part of the Upper Cretaceous seaway, Western Interior by William A. Cobban. B. Lower Upper Cretaceous strata in Minnesota and adjacent areas-time-stratigraphic correlations and structural attitudes by E. A. Merewether. I. Mollusks, Fossil-Middle West. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Cretaceous. 3. Geology-Middle West. 4. Paleontology-Cretaceous. 5. Paleontology-Middle West. I. Merewether, E. A. (Edward Allen), 1930. II. Title. III. Series. QE687.C6 551.7'7'09776 81--607803 AACR2 For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Non-Mineralized Cephalopod Jaws and Arm Hooks
    Klug et al. Swiss J Palaeontol (2020) 139:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-020-00210-y Swiss Journal of Palaeontology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access First record of non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks from the latest Cretaceous of Eurytania, Greece Christian Klug1* , Donald Davesne2,3, Dirk Fuchs4 and Thodoris Argyriou5 Abstract Due to the lower fossilization potential of chitin, non-mineralized cephalopod jaws and arm hooks are much more rarely preserved as fossils than the calcitic lower jaws of ammonites or the calcitized jaw apparatuses of nautilids. Here, we report such non-mineralized fossil jaws and arm hooks from pelagic marly limestones of continental Greece. Two of the specimens lie on the same slab and are assigned to the Ammonitina; they represent upper jaws of the aptychus type, which is corroborated by fnds of aptychi. Additionally, one intermediate type and one anaptychus type are documented here. The morphology of all ammonite jaws suggest a desmoceratoid afnity. The other jaws are identifed as coleoid jaws. They share the overall U-shape and proportions of the outer and inner lamellae with Jurassic lower jaws of Trachyteuthis (Teudopseina). We also document the frst belemnoid arm hooks from the Tethyan Maastrichtian. The fossils described here document the presence of a typical Mesozoic cephalopod assemblage until the end of the Cretaceous in the eastern Tethys. Keywords: Cephalopoda, Ammonoidea, Desmoceratoidea, Coleoidea, Maastrichtian, Taphonomy Introduction as jaws, arm hooks, and radulae are occasionally found Fossil cephalopods are mainly known from preserved (Matern 1931; Mapes 1987; Fuchs 2006a; Landman et al. mineralized parts such as aragonitic phragmocones 2010; Kruta et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pro-Ostracum and Primordial Rostrum at Early Ontogeny of Lower Jurassic Belemnites from North-Western Germany
    Coleoid cephalopods through time (Warnke K., Keupp H., Boletzky S. v., eds) Berliner Paläobiol. Abh. 03 079-089 Berlin 2003 THE PRO-OSTRACUM AND PRIMORDIAL ROSTRUM AT EARLY ONTOGENY OF LOWER JURASSIC BELEMNITES FROM NORTH-WESTERN GERMANY L. A. Doguzhaeva1, H. Mutvei2 & W. Weitschat3 1Palaeontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 117867 Moscow, Profsoyuznaya St., 123, Russia, [email protected] 2 Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeozoology, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden, [email protected] 3 Geological-Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany, [email protected] ABSTRACT The structure of pro-ostracum and primordial rostrum is presented at early ontogenic stages in Lower Jurassic belemnites temporarily assigned to ?Passaloteuthis from north-western Germany. For the first time the pro-ostracum was observed in the first camerae of the phragmocone. The presence of a pro-ostracum in early shell ontogeny supports Naef”s opinion (1922) that belemnites had an internal skeleton during their entire ontogeny, starting from the earliest post-hatching stages. This interpretation has been previously questioned by several writers. The outer and inner surfaces of the juvenile pro-ostracum were studied. The gross morphology of these surfaces is similar to that at adult ontogenetic stages. Median sections reveal that the pro-ostracum consists of three thin layers: an inner and an outer prismatic layer separated by a fine lamellar, predominantly organic layer. These layers extend from the dorsal side of the conotheca to the ventral side. The information obtained herein confirms the idea that the pro-ostracum represents a structure not present in the shell of ectocochleate cephalopods (Doguzhaeva, 1999, Doguzhaeva et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrographic Characterizations of the “Nordegg” (Gordondale) Member of the Fernie Formation in West Central Alberta, Using S
    Petrographic characterizations of the “Nordegg” (Gordondale) Member of the Fernie Formation in West Central Alberta, Using Scanning Electron Microscopy & Organic Petrology Nnenna Isinguzo, University of Calgary, [email protected] Hamed Sanei, Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary; Center for Energy Technologies, AU-Herning, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary Christopher Clarkson, University of Calgary Chris DeBuhr, University of Calgary Omid Haeri Ardakani, Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary Danielle Kondla, University of Calgary Fariboz Goodarzi, FG & Partners LTD, Calgary, Alberta Summary The Gordondale member of the Fernie Formation, also termed “Nordegg”, in West Central Alberta has recently come to light as the focus of many unconventional exploration activities due to its high hydrocarbon potential and the improvement in drilling, completion and stimulation techniques that have allowed reserves of its qualities – tight (low permeability and porosity) organic rich shales, to be exploited. This study highlights the organic matter characteristics and associations of the Gordondale, as well as its implications for the hydrocarbon potential and reservoir quality using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and organic petrography. Preliminary results show that the samples are generally organic rich (up to 13 wt. % TOC) and within the oil generation window (eq. VRo=0.9%). The organic petrology indicates the presence of bitumen as the dominant organic maceral within the samples. Bitumen in the samples exhibit an invasive nature as they dominate the entire matrix of the samples and fill most intergranular pore spaces within organic and inorganic fractions of the rock. Bitumen also occurs in the form of vacuole and fracture filling migrated bitumen. In general, two main types of bitumen (matrix bitumen and solid bitumen) can be summarized based on their mode of occurrence, maturity and physical accumulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Late Jurassic Ammonites from Alaska
    Late Jurassic Ammonites From Alaska GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1190 Late Jurassic Ammonites From Alaska By RALPH W. IMLAY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1190 Studies of the Late jurassic ammonites of Alaska enables fairly close age determinations and correlations to be made with Upper Jurassic ammonite and stratigraphic sequences elsewhere in the world UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1981 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 81-600164 For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ----------------------------------------- 1 Ages and correlations -----------------------------­ 19 19 Introduction -------------------------------------- 2 Early to early middle Oxfordian --------------­ Biologic analysis _________________________________ _ 14 Late middle Oxfordian to early late Kimmeridgian 20 Latest Kimmeridgian and early Tithonian _____ _ 21 Biostratigraphic summary ------------------------- 14 Late Tithonian ______________________________ _ 21 ~ortheastern Alaska -------------------------­ 14 Ammonite faunal setting --------------------------­ 22 Wrangell Mountains -------------------------- 15 Geographic distribution ---------------------------- 23 Talkeetna Mountains -------------------------­ 17 Systematic descriptions ___________________________ _ 28 Tuxedni Bay-Iniskin Bay area ----------------- 17 References
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeologia Cantiana
    Archaeologia Cantiana On-line Index GENERAL INDEX TO VOLUMES CXXI 2000 (121) to CXXX (130) Letter B Back to Index Introduction This index covers volumes 121–130 inclusive (2001–2010) of Archaeologia Cantiana. It includes all significant persons, places and subjects. Volume numbers are shown in bold type and illustrations are denoted by page numbers in italic type or by (illus.) where figures occur throughout the text. The letter n after a page number indicates that the reference will be found in a footnote. Alphabetisation is word by word. Women are indexed by their maiden name, where known, with cross references from any married name(s). All places within historic Kent are included and are arranged by civil parish. Places that fall within Greater London are to be found listed under their own name i.e. Eltham etc. Places outside Kent that play a significant part in the text are followed by their post 1974 county. Place names with two elements (e.g. East Peckham, Upper Hardres) will be found indexed under their full place name. This cumulative index was compiled by Mr Ted Connell. T. G. LAWSON, Honorary Editor Kent Archaeological Society, July 2014 Abbreviations m. married Ald. Alderman E. Sussex East Sussex M.P. Member of Parliament b. born ed./eds. editor/editors Notts. Nottinghamshire B. & N.E.S. Bath and North East f facing Oxon. Oxfordshire Somerset fl. floruit P.M. Prime Minister Berks. Berkshire G. London Greater London Pembs. Pembrokeshire Bt. Baronet Gen. General Revd Reverend Bucks. Buckinghamshire Glam. Glamorgan Sgt Sergeant C Century Glos. Gloucestershire snr.
    [Show full text]
  • Cretaceous Fossils from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal
    Cretaceous S;cial Publication No. 18 Fossils from the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal A Guide for Students and Collectors Edward M. Lauginiger / /~ / CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL: A GUIDE FOR STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS By Edward M. Lauginiger Biology Teacher Academy Park High School Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania September 1988 Reprinted 1997 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION. • 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 PREVIOUS STUDIES. 3 FOSSILS AND FOSSILIZATION 5 Requirements for Fossilization 6 Types of Fossilization 7 GEOLOGY •• 10 CLASSIFICATON OF FOSSILS. 12 Kingdom Monera • 13 Kindgom Protista 1 3 Kingdom Plantae. 1 4 Kingdom Animalia 15 Phylum Porifera 15 Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata). 16 Phylum Bryozoa. 16 Phylum Brachiopoda. 17 Phylum Mollusca • 18 Phylum Annelida •. 22 Phylum Arthropoda • 23 Phylum Echinodermata. 24 Phylum Chordata 24 COLLECTING LOCALITIES 28 FOSSIL CHECK LIST 30 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 33 PLATES. ••• 39 iii FIGURES Page Figure 1 • Index map of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Area. .. .. 2 Figure 2. Generalized stratigraphic column of the formations exposed at the C & D Canal. 11 Figure 3. Foraminifera 14 Figure 4. Porifera 16 Figure 5. Cnidaria 16 Figure 6. Bryozoa. 17 Figure 7. Brachiopoda. 18 Figure 8. Mollusca-Gastropoda. 19 Figure 9. Mollusca-Pelecypoda. 21 Figure 10. Mollusca-Cephalopoda 22 Figure 11. Annelida . 22 Figure 12. Arthropoda 23 Figure 13. Echinodermata. 25 Figure 1 4. Chordata . 27 Figure 1 5. Collecting localities at the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal . ... .. 29 v CRETACEOUS FOSSILS FROM THE CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL: A GUIDE FOR STUDENTS AND COLLECTORS Edward M. Lauginiger INTRODUCTION Fossil collectors have been attracted to Delaware since the late 1820s when the excavation of the Chesapeake and Delaware (C&D) Canal first exposed marine fossils of Cretaceous age (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Neolitisches Tellsiedlung in Gălăbnik by Juraj Pavúk
    The Prehistoric Society Book Reviews DIE NEOLITISCHES TELLSIEDLUNG IN GĂLĂBNIK BY JURAJ PAVÚK AND ANETA BAKAMSKA Mitteilungen der Prähistorischen Kommission 91. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 2021. 435pp, 153 figures, 81 photos, pb, €169.00 This volume neatly bookends two of the principal features of the Aegean–Balkan–Carpathian (‘ABC’) Neolithic – the endless debates over typo-chronology and the immense richness of settlement finds. In the former, the tell stratigraphy of Argissa Magula, in Thessaly, Greece, casts a long shadow over Balkan Neolithic studies. Vladimir Milojčić’ sequence of five stages for the Early and Middle Neolithic (Aceramic; Monochrome; Proto-Sesklo; Pre-Sesklo; and Sesklo) is largely responsible for three issues for the spread of the Balkan Neolithic: the existence of an aceramic stage in Greece and the Balkans as well as in the Near East, the existence of a monochrome stage without painted pottery in the Balkans and the possibility of a threefold division of the Early Neolithic in the Balkans. While we cannot state for certain that all three possibilities have been conclusively falsified for the Balkans, this is now the most likely interpretation of the mass of new site evidence accumulated since Milojčić’ excavations in the 1950s. Unfortunately, the third dubious possibility is the basis for Pavúk and Bakamska’s otherwise impressive monograph on the site of Gălăbnik. Moreover, throughout post-Milojčić discussions of Greek and Balkan Neolithic chronology, there has been a virtually unchallenged equation between ‘pots’ and ‘people’ that has long since been discarded in other regions of Europe and beyond. Welcome to the Balkan Neolithic! The Gălăbnik volume, dedicated to the late Mikhail Chohadzhiev, is divided into two parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Human Experience
    Lunds Universitet. Arkeologiska Institutionen E x p l o r i n g H u m a n E x p e r i e n c e Edward Soanes C - Uppsats (ARKX31). Handledare: Bodil Petersson ABSTRACT This essay argues that since human experience consists inseparably of mind, body and the material world, and that if were are to better understand the lives of people in the past we need to recognize that we cannot separate material culture, social process and life-tasks from the experiences of the people who carried them out. Personal experience of a thing can never produce an understanding of that thing that another might have without first discussing who this ‘other’ is and what their motivations are for being there. The constitution of experience, as an inseparable mix of mind, body and the world prevents the identification, in the present, of ‘prehistoric’ experiences in the present. An understanding of the theory of human experience can, however, demonstrate that change and the appropriation or alteration of activities and beliefs for new ends can easily be motivated by the power that certain experiences have on us. Thus understanding human experience helps us make new interpretations of the past. 1 | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 The World of Experience ....................................................................................................................... 4 The Familiar World ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • J. Alakärppä, J. Lkäheimo & E' Oianlatva Oulun Peurasuo 1997
    J. Alakärppä, J. lkäheimo & E' Oianlatva Oulun Peurasuo 1997 - myöhäiskivikautisen as u i n pai n anteen kaivau stutki m u s LI Oulu n yliopiston arkeologian labo ratorion tutkimusraportti 1 5 ~--------------------------------~- J. Alakarppa, J. Ikaheimo & E. Ojanlatva . Oulun Peurasuo 1997 - my6haiskivikautisen asuinpainanteen kaivaustutkimus ISBN 951-42-4933-X ISSN 1238-8912 Julkaisija: Oulun yliopisto, arkeologian laboratorio I PL 400,90571 OULU I puh. 08-5533236 I email jalakarp/jpi/[email protected] ! Toimittajat: Tekijat Painatus: OULUN YLIOPISTOPAINO Oulu 1998 SISALLYS SAATESANAT ..................................................... I PEURASUON MUINAISJA.A.NNOSALUE Sijainti, tutkimushistoria ja muinaisjiiann6sten kuvaus .. 3 Asuinpainanne Peurasuo N Asuinpainanne Peurasuo W Kuopanteet Asuinpainanteiden topografinen analyysi ja ajoitus .......................... 6 Peurasuo N - asuinpainanne osana Oulujokilaakson muinaisuutta .......... 7 KAIVAUKSET Valmistavat toimenpiteet . 8 Kaivausmetodit ..................................................... 9 Kuvallinen dokumentaatio ................................ Mika Friman 10 DigitaaIikuvaus Valokuvaus filmimateriaalille Videokuvaus Kaivausalue. 11 Koeoja ................................................................... 13 Koeruudut ............................................................... 15 Fosforiniiytleet. .. 16 Hiiliniiytleet . .. 18 RAKENTEET JA ESINELOYDOT Asuinrakenteet ........................................................... 19 KiVI '1'" aJlesmee t'Ja -IS. k 0 k
    [Show full text]
  • Andrew John Hatton
    Stowe Farm, Lincolnshire: A Multi-Period Archaeological Site in its Landscape By: Andrew John Hatton A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Department of Archaeology July 2019 Acknowledgments Firstly, I would like to thank my thesis supervisor, Doctor Robert Johnston, for his advice and guidance, and for his continued support in the course of this research. Special thanks also go to Professor Mike Parker – Pearson and to Professor Charly French for offering insightful comments. Thanks are due to the staff at Oxford Archaeology East, namely, Gillian Greer, David Brown and Katie Hutton for offering their valuable time during the digitisation of the Stowe Farm site plans. In Addition, I would like to thank Andrew Elliott who volunteered his time to complete the digitisation. Thanks also go to Wayne Granger and Jamie Homewood of University Centre Peterborough for their assistance during the reproduction of the illustrations for this research. Finally, I would like to thank staff at Lincolnshire County Council Historic Environment Record. I would like to dedicate this thesis to my wife, Dr Rebecca Casa. Summary Stowe Farm is located near West Deeping, Lincolnshire, in the Lower Welland Valley, a landscape characterised by the presence of many important archaeological sites discovered during past and more recent gravel extraction. Stowe Farm was one of the many projects instigated by extraction which prompted investigations between 1994 and 2000. However, the analysis of the site was not completed and disseminated. This MPhil project has collated the Stowe Farm archival material and completed the work that was started back in 1994, with the aim to produce a cohesive site narrative and offer further contribution to the characterisation and contextualisation of the rich archaeological landscape of the Lower Welland Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • Little Books on Art General Editor: Cyril Davenport
    L I TTL E B OOK S ON A R T GENERAL EDITOR : CYRIL DAVENPORT JE WELLE RY L I TT LE B OOK S O N A R T D m 1 02 23 6d. net e y 6 0. S U B J E C T S BOOK S DWAR D ALMACK PLATE . E G E K B A LTE R R E ART . H . W S I I M W BRA DLE Y D SS . LLUM NATE . J . R MAN TE R B . AL O ART . H . W S S F APAN O BE RT CARE THE ART O J . R Y CYR IL DAVE N P RT JEWELLER . O C IS IN MRS E N N E R HR T ART . H . J Y IN MRS E N N E R O D . UR LA ART . H . J C IS I SYMBO IS E N N E R HR T AN L M . H . J S MRs E L ON AW O N ENAMEL . N S D S F I A N MEw URN TURE . EG MI I LI oR R N ATURES. A CE C x AN A R T I S T S Y GE OR E PA TON ROMNE . G S E S E LLE N DURER . L. J S I A Y S ME RE NOLDS. J . I MIs s K E T LE Y S. D S C H WATT R E . ’ ‘ H PPN . K SKIP I ON O ER . H P . FR AN CE YRRE LL- GILL TURNER . S T B - O S FORTUN EE DE LE URNE J NE .
    [Show full text]