From Microfossils to Megafauna: an Overview of the Taxonomic Diversity of National Park Service Fossils
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Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mid-Cretaceous Rocks in Minnesota and Contiguous Areas
Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mid-Cretaceous Rocks in Minnesota and Contiguous Areas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1253 Stratigraphy and Paleontology of Mid-Cretaceous Rocks in Minnesota and Contiguous Areas By WILLIAM A. COBBAN and E. A. MEREWETHER Molluscan Fossil Record from the Northeastern Part of the Upper Cretaceous Seaway, Western Interior By WILLIAM A. COBBAN Lower Upper Cretaceous Strata in Minnesota and Adjacent Areas-Time-Stratigraphic Correlations. and Structural Attitudes By E. A. M EREWETHER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1 2 53 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1983 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAMES G. WATT, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cobban, William Aubrey, 1916 Stratigraphy and paleontology of mid-Cretaceous rocks in Minnesota and contiguous areas. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 1253) Bibliography: 52 p. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16 A. Molluscan fossil record from the northeastern part of the Upper Cretaceous seaway, Western Interior by William A. Cobban. B. Lower Upper Cretaceous strata in Minnesota and adjacent areas-time-stratigraphic correlations and structural attitudes by E. A. Merewether. I. Mollusks, Fossil-Middle West. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Cretaceous. 3. Geology-Middle West. 4. Paleontology-Cretaceous. 5. Paleontology-Middle West. I. Merewether, E. A. (Edward Allen), 1930. II. Title. III. Series. QE687.C6 551.7'7'09776 81--607803 AACR2 For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. -
Megafauna Extinction, Tree Species Range Reduction, and Carbon Storage in Amazonian Forests
Ecography 39: 194–203, 2016 doi: 10.1111/ecog.01587 © 2015 The Authors. Ecography © 2015 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Yadvinder Mahli. Editor-in-Chief: Nathan J. Sanders. Accepted 27 September 2015 Megafauna extinction, tree species range reduction, and carbon storage in Amazonian forests Christopher E. Doughty, Adam Wolf, Naia Morueta-Holme, Peter M. Jørgensen, Brody Sandel, Cyrille Violle, Brad Boyle, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Robert K. Peet, Brian J. Enquist, Jens-Christian Svenning, Stephen Blake and Mauro Galetti C. E. Doughty ([email protected]), Environmental Change Inst., School of Geography and the Environment, Univ. of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK. – A. Wolf, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. – N. Morueta-Holme, Dept of Integrative Biology, Univ. of California – Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. – B. Sandel, J.-C. Svenning and NM-H, Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Dept of Bioscience, Aarhus Univ., Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. – P. M. Jørgensen, Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA. – C. Violle, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Univ. de Montpellier – Univ. Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE – 1919 route de Mende, FR-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. – B. Boyle and B. J. Enquist, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. – N. J. B. Kraft, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. BJE also at: The Santa Fe inst., 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA. – R. K. Peet, Dept of Biology, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA. -
Bedrock Geology Glossary from the Roadside Geology of Minnesota, Richard W
Minnesota Bedrock Geology Glossary From the Roadside Geology of Minnesota, Richard W. Ojakangas Sedimentary Rock Types in Minnesota Rocks that formed from the consolidation of loose sediment Conglomerate: A coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of pebbles, cobbles, or boul- ders set in a fine-grained matrix of silt and sand. Dolostone: A sedimentary rock composed of the mineral dolomite, a calcium magnesium car- bonate. Graywacke: A sedimentary rock made primarily of mud and sand, often deposited by turbidi- ty currents. Iron-formation: A thinly bedded sedimentary rock containing more than 15 percent iron. Limestone: A sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate. Mudstone: A sedimentary rock composed of mud. Sandstone: A sedimentary rock made primarily of sand. Shale: A deposit of clay, silt, or mud solidified into more or less a solid rock. Siltstone: A sedimentary rock made primarily of sand. Igneous and Volcanic Rock Types in Minnesota Rocks that solidified from cooling of molten magma Basalt: A black or dark grey volcanic rock that consists mainly of microscopic crystals of pla- gioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and perhaps olivine. Diorite: A plutonic igneous rock intermediate in composition between granite and gabbro. Gabbro: A dark igneous rock consisting mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene in crystals large enough to see with a simple magnifier. Gabbro has the same composition as basalt but contains much larger mineral grains because it cooled at depth over a longer period of time. Granite: An igneous rock composed mostly of orthoclase feldspar and quartz in grains large enough to see without using a magnifier. Most granites also contain mica and amphibole Rhyolite: A felsic (light-colored) volcanic rock, the extrusive equivalent of granite. -
Oregon Department of Human Services HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION
Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Environmental Public Health (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #604 (971) 673-0405 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (971) 673-0457 FAX (971) 673-0372 TTY-Nonvoice TECHNICAL BULLETIN HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION Prepared by: Department of Human Services ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION Office of Environmental Public Health OCTOBER, 1998 CALCIUM CARBONATE "lime, limewater” For More Information Contact: Environmental Toxicology Section (971) 673-0440 Drinking Water Section (971) 673-0405 Technical Bulletin - Health Effects Information CALCIUM CARBONATE, "lime, limewater@ Page 2 SYNONYMS: Lime, ground limestone, dolomite, sugar lime, oyster shell, coral shell, marble dust, calcite, whiting, marl dust, putty dust CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: - Molecular Formula: CaCO3 - White solid, crystals or powder, may draw moisture from the air and become damp on exposure - Odorless, chalky, flat, sweetish flavor (Do not confuse with "anhydrous lime" which is a special form of calcium hydroxide, an extremely caustic, dangerous product. Direct contact with it is immediately injurious to skin, eyes, intestinal tract and respiratory system.) WHERE DOES CALCIUM CARBONATE COME FROM? Calcium carbonate can be mined from the earth in solid form or it may be extracted from seawater or other brines by industrial processes. Natural shells, bones and chalk are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE USES OF CALCIUM CARBONATE? Calcium carbonate is an important ingredient of many household products. It is used as a whitening agent in paints, soaps, art products, paper, polishes, putty products and cement. It is used as a filler and whitener in many cosmetic products including mouth washes, creams, pastes, powders and lotions. -
Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, Volume 58, Number 4, Pp
Integrative and Comparative Biology Integrative and Comparative Biology, volume 58, number 4, pp. 605–622 doi:10.1093/icb/icy088 Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology SYMPOSIUM INTRODUCTION The Temporal and Environmental Context of Early Animal Evolution: Considering All the Ingredients of an “Explosion” Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/icb/article-abstract/58/4/605/5056706 by Stanford Medical Center user on 15 October 2018 Erik A. Sperling1 and Richard G. Stockey Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, CA 94305, USA From the symposium “From Small and Squishy to Big and Armored: Genomic, Ecological and Paleontological Insights into the Early Evolution of Animals” presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, January 3–7, 2018 at San Francisco, California. 1E-mail: [email protected] Synopsis Animals originated and evolved during a unique time in Earth history—the Neoproterozoic Era. This paper aims to discuss (1) when landmark events in early animal evolution occurred, and (2) the environmental context of these evolutionary milestones, and how such factors may have affected ecosystems and body plans. With respect to timing, molecular clock studies—utilizing a diversity of methodologies—agree that animal multicellularity had arisen by 800 million years ago (Ma) (Tonian period), the bilaterian body plan by 650 Ma (Cryogenian), and divergences between sister phyla occurred 560–540 Ma (late Ediacaran). Most purported Tonian and Cryogenian animal body fossils are unlikely to be correctly identified, but independent support for the presence of pre-Ediacaran animals is recorded by organic geochemical biomarkers produced by demosponges. -
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Dorjnamjaa et al. Mongolian Geoscientist 49 (2019) 41-49 https://doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v0i49.1226 Mongolian Geoscientist Review paper New scientific direction of the bacterial paleontology in Mongolia: an essence of investigation * Dorj Dorjnamjaa , Gundsambuu Altanshagai, Batkhuyag Enkhbaatar Department of Paleontology, Institute of Paleontology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: We review the initial development of Bacterial Paleontology in Mongolia and Received 10 September 2019 present some electron microscopic images of fossil bacteria in different stages of Accepted 9 October 2019 preservation in sedimentary rocks. Indeed bacterial paleontology is one the youngest branches of paleontology. It has began in the end of 20th century and has developed rapidly in recent years. The main tasks of bacterial paleontology are detailed investigation of fossil microorganisms, in particular their morphology and sizes, conditions of burial and products of habitation that are reflected in lithological and geochemical features of rocks. Bacterial paleontology deals with fossil materials and is useful in analysis of the genesis of sedimentary rocks, and sedimentary mineral resources including oil and gas. The traditional paleontology is especially significant for evolution theory, biostratigraphy, biogeography and paleoecology; however bacterial paleontology is an essential first of all for sedimentology and for theories sedimentary ore genesis or biometallogeny Keywords: microfossils, phosphorite, sedimentary rocks, lagerstatten, biometallogeny INTRODUCTION all the microorganisms had lived and propagated Bacteria or microbes preserved well as fossils in without breakdowns. Bacterial paleontological various rocks, especially in sedimentary rocks data accompanied by the data on the first origin alike natural substances. -
The Asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in Mammals Is Consistent with Differential Susceptibility to Mammalian Predation
Coversheet This is the accepted manuscript (post-print version) of the article. Contentwise, the accepted manuscript version is identical to the final published version, but there may be differences in typography and layout. How to cite this publication Please cite the final published version: Faurby, S. and Svenning, J.-C. (2016), The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 25: 1443–1453. doi:10.1111/geb.12504 Publication metadata Title: The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation Author(s): Faurby, S. and Svenning, J.-C. Journal: Global Ecology and Biogeography DOI/Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12504 Document version: Accepted manuscript (post-print) This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Faurby, S. and Svenning, J.-C. (2016), The asymmetry in the Great American Biotic Interchange in mammals is consistent with differential susceptibility to mammalian predation. Global Ecol. Biogeogr., 25: 1443–1453. doi:10.1111/geb.12504], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12504]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. General Rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognize and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. -
Evaluating the Biological Pump Efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum Ocean Using Δ13c Anne L
Evaluating the Biological Pump Efficiency of the Last Glacial Maximum Ocean using δ13C Anne L. Morée1, Jörg Schwinger2, Ulysses S. Ninnemann3, Aurich Jeltsch-Thömmes4, Ingo Bethke1, Christoph Heinze1 5 1Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway 2NORCE Norwegian Research Centre and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5838, Norway 3Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, 5007, Norway 4Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, 10 University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Correspondence to: Anne L. Morée ([email protected]) Abstract. Although both physical and biological marine changes are required to explain the 100 ppm lower atmospheric pCO2 of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~21 ka) as compared to pre-industrial (PI) times, their exact contributions are debated. Proxies of past marine carbon cycling (such as δ13C) document these changes, and 15 thus provide constraints for quantifying the drivers of long-term carbon cycle variability. This modelling study explores the relative rolespresents a realization of the of physical and biological changes in the ocean needed to simulate an LGM ocean in satisfactory agreement with proxy data, and here especially δ13C. We prepared a PI and LGM equilibrium simulation using the ocean model state (NorESM-OC) with full biogeochemistry (including the carbon isotopes δ13C and radiocarbon) and dynamic sea ice. The modelled LGM-PI differences are evaluated 20 against a wide range of physical and biogeochemical proxy data, and show agreement for key aspects of the physical ocean state within the data uncertainties. -
The Indirect Impacts of Ecosystem Engineering by Invasive Crayfish
Queen Mary University of London The indirect impacts of ecosystem engineering by invasive crayfish Guillermo Eduardo Willis-Jones Tambo Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 I, Guillermo Eduardo Willis-Jones Tambo, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: Details of collaboration and publications: I have co authored a book chapter on crayfish ecology: Willis-Jones E., Jackson M.C. & Grey J. (2016) Environmental Drivers for Population Success: Population Biology, Population and Community Dynamics. In: Biology and Ecology of Crayfish. (Eds M. Longshaw & P. Stebbing), pp. 251–286. CRC Press. 2 Abstract Bioturbation by invasive crayfish can significantly alter sediment properties and its transport in invaded water bodies; however, the indirect impacts of this on ecosystem functioning are poorly understood. -
A Mesoproterozoic Iron Formation PNAS PLUS
A Mesoproterozoic iron formation PNAS PLUS Donald E. Canfielda,b,1, Shuichang Zhanga, Huajian Wanga, Xiaomei Wanga, Wenzhi Zhaoa, Jin Sua, Christian J. Bjerrumc, Emma R. Haxenc, and Emma U. Hammarlundb,d aResearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, China National Petroleum Corporation, 100083 Beijing, China; bInstitute of Biology and Nordcee, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; cDepartment of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Section of Geology, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; and dTranslational Cancer Research, Lund University, 223 63 Lund, Sweden Contributed by Donald E. Canfield, February 21, 2018 (sent for review November 27, 2017; reviewed by Andreas Kappler and Kurt O. Konhauser) We describe a 1,400 million-year old (Ma) iron formation (IF) from Understanding the genesis of the Fe minerals in IFs is one step the Xiamaling Formation of the North China Craton. We estimate toward understanding the relationship between IFs and the this IF to have contained at least 520 gigatons of authigenic Fe, chemical and biological environment in which they formed. For comparable in size to many IFs of the Paleoproterozoic Era (2,500– example, the high Fe oxide content of many IFs (e.g., refs. 32, 34, 1,600 Ma). Therefore, substantial IFs formed in the time window and 35) is commonly explained by a reaction between oxygen and between 1,800 and 800 Ma, where they are generally believed to Fe(II) in the upper marine water column, with Fe(II) sourced have been absent. The Xiamaling IF is of exceptionally low thermal from the ocean depths. The oxygen could have come from ex- maturity, allowing the preservation of organic biomarkers and an change equilibrium with oxygen in the atmosphere or from ele- unprecedented view of iron-cycle dynamics during IF emplace- vated oxygen concentrations from cyanobacteria at the water- ment. -
Redalyc.Lost Terranes of Zealandia: Possible Development of Late
Andean Geology ISSN: 0718-7092 [email protected] Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Chile Adams, Christopher J Lost Terranes of Zealandia: possible development of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary basins at the southwest Pacific margin of Gondwanaland, and their destination as terranes in southern South America Andean Geology, vol. 37, núm. 2, julio, 2010, pp. 442-454 Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173916371010 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Andean Ge%gy 37 (2): 442-454. July. 2010 Andean Geology formerly Revista Geológica de Chile www.scielo.cl/andgeol.htm Lost Terranes of Zealandia: possible development of late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sedimentary basins at the southwest Pacific margin of Gondwana land, and their destination as terranes in southern South America Christopher J. Adams GNS Science, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin, New Zealand. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Latesl Precambrian to Ordovician metasedimentary suecessions and Cambrian-Ordovician and Devonian Carboniferous granitoids form tbe major par! oftbe basemenl of soutbem Zealandia and adjacenl sectors ofAntarctica and southeastAustralia. Uplift/cooling ages ofthese rocks, and local Devonian shallow-water caver sequences suggest tbal final consolidation oftbe basemenl occurred tbrough Late Paleozoic time. A necessary consequence oftlris process would have been contemporaneous erosion and tbe substantial developmenl of marine sedimentary basins al tbe Pacific margin of Zealandia. -
Bioturbation: Reworking Sediments for Better Or Worse
Bioturbation: Reworking Sediments for Better or Worse Murray K. Gingras Petroleum geologists are interested in bioturbation because it reveals clues S. George Pemberton University of Alberta about the depositional environment. Bioturbation can also destroy or enhance Edmonton, Alberta, Canada porosity and permeability, thereby affecting reservoir quality, reserves calculations Michael Smith and flow dynamics. Maturín, Venezuela Oilfield Review Winter 2014/2015: 26, no. 4. Copyright © 2015 Schlumberger. FMI is a mark of Schlumberger. Sediments undergo several modifications to Bioturbation is typically a small-scale but 1. Ali SA, Clark WJ, Moore WR and Dribus JR: “Diagenesis become the source rocks, reservoirs and seals potentially significant geologic process that may and Reservoir Quality,” Oilfield Review 22, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 14–27. that generate and contain petroleum reserves. occur wherever plants or animals live. It can take 2. Al-Hajeri MM, Al Saeed M, Derks J, Fuchs T, Hantschel T, The changes that occur between deposition and several forms, including displacement of soil by Kauerauf A, Neumaier M, Schenk O, Swientek O, Tessen N, Welte D, Wygrala B, Kornpihl D and lithification, collectively known as diagenesis, plant roots, tunnels created by burrowing ani- Peters K: “Basin and Petroleum System Modeling,” include the processes of compaction, cementa- mals and footprints left by dinosaurs (next page). Oilfield Review 21, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 14–29. tion, dissolution and recrystallization.1 But before Of most interest to the oil and gas industry any of these occur, another process can consider- are the changes brought about by organisms ably affect rock properties. As soon as they are that are active near the water/sediment inter- deposited, sediments can be altered by biotur- face in marine settings.