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Thesis-1967D-R418d.Pdf (6.356Mb) DESCRIPTIONS AND ANAllSES OF 'l'HE CEPHAUC LATERAL-LINE SYSTEMS OF 'l'BE CYPRINID GDmS HYBOPSIS ·~ , HARLEY f!AYNE ~O Bachelor of Science Oklah~ Stat• Univer~it7 Stillli!B.ter, Oklahoma 1961 !'aster or Science Oklahoma State University _Stillwater, Oklahoma l.963 Submitted to the faculty of the GradWtte College of th~ Oklahoma State tfniver~ity in partial tul:f'illmm.t of th~ requir~nts for ths degrc,e of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Juq; 1967 DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSES OF THE CEPHALIC LATERAL-LINE SYSTEMS OF THE CYPRJNID GENUS HYBOPSIS Thesis Approved: ~.o.m~ n nDean iJ&Ve,of the Graduate --- College 11 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ·1 . ~ ·1 JAN 16 191W } PRE.FACE Use of the cephalic lateral-line system as an ind.ex to habitats knowno and ecological requirements of fishes ha.111. long been. This lateral-line study o:t.Bzbopsis was aonduate~ to; (1) correlate lateral- .. line structure with species ecologies; (2) predict probable ecologies of little-known species 0£ Bybopsis;, (3) investigate the neuromast- bone :relationships in Hzbopsis; and (4) erect tentative phylogenies for some subgenera of ljtybopsiso I am indebted ta Dr. Rudolph J. Mill.er, 'filY' major advisor, tor his asaietanoe and encouragement during the courae or this •tu:iy and his critical examination of this manuscript. Dre. George Ao Moli>re, L. Herbert Bruneau, Br.van Po Gla11, am Roy w. Jones aerved on ?113' advisory committee and also evaluated the manuscript. Sincere thanks i1 pereon­ aJ4r extemad to Dr. George A. Moore 11 because it waa his initial in­ fluence years ago which aroused~ interests in fish morphology .. Thanks is mended to William Fo Wade, George Co Rogers, and Co Stanley Roult for thei.rma.ny enlightening discussianso Drso Reeve Mo Bailey, Frank Bo Cross, Warren Co Freihofer, William Ro Gould, Clark Hubbs, Em.est Ao Lachner, Edward Co Raney, Carl Do Riggs, Royal Do Sut.tkus, and John Wo Whitacker d0ns.ted or loaned $peiieim.eliso Mro Robert Eo Jenkins aided in identification ot species iii 359763 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Io INTRODUCTIONo 00000000000 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 q 0 0 • • l IIo LAr.tERAL-LINE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION o 0 • 0 • • 0 0 • 0 0 0 5 !IL METHODS AND MATERIALS o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 0 22 IV. NOMENCLATURAL REVIEW OF HYBOPSISo o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 v. CEPHALIC LATERAI-UNE SYSTEM OF HYBOPSISo o o 0 0 G O O O 0 29 Subgenus Extrarius .. o o .... o ... o ..... o o • o o 31 Subgenus H:ybopsiso o ., o o o o o ...... o ••• o o .38 Subgenus !rim;ystax o o o • • .. .. o o • o • o o • • o • 52 Subgenus Nooomie • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • o • • 64 Subgenus Ma.orb.YbJ;?P-l!lis. • • • • • • • • • • • .. • • • • 73 Subgenus Pla.tygobio ••••••••• o .... o ..... o 77 Subgenu1 Co~eeiye., .... ., • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 78 Subgenus Oregg_niohl'th:rs. • • • • • • .. • • • • .. .. • • 81 VIo HISTOIDGICAL OBSERVATIONS •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 O O 0 0 0 " 0 84 VII. PHYWGENIES AND lNTERGENERIC RELATIONSHIPS. o 0 0 • 0 • .. 0 102 LITERATURE CITED • • O 0 0 0 0 000~000000~ 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 O 111 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page L Mean Infraorbital Canal Pore Counts for Hybopsis aeativa.lis from Eight River Drainages Ranked by Duncan's New Multiple-Range Test. • • • • • • • • • • 36 II. Mean Preopereulomanidular Canal Pore Cotmts For Hybopsis aestivalis From Eight River Drainages Ranked by Duncan I s New Multiple-Range Test o o • • • .. • • 36 III. Mean Pore Counts and Ranges for Each Canal of the Iateral=line System in Species of Hybopsis. • • • • • • • 42 IV. Mean Canal Neuromast Counts and Ranges for Each Canal of the Lateral-line System in Species of Hybopsis • o • • • • • • • .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 43 V. Mean Sup~rficial Neuromast Counts and Ranges From Six: Head Regions in Species of Hybopsis •••••• • • • 44 VI. Comparison of Mean Minimum and Maxim:um Organ Height 1 Maxi.mum. Organ Diameter, and Diameter of the Sensory Area of Canal Neuroma.sts in Hybopsis •••• • • 0 87 VII. Comparison of the Mean Number of Sense (Sc) and Suste:ntagular (SSc) Cells~ Mean Diam.eter and Length of Cellular Constituents, and Length of Sense Hairs (SH) Per Canal Neuromast in Hybopsiao o 0 0 0 88 VIII. Comparison of Mean Height and Diameter of Superficial Neuromasts in Hzbopsis. o ••• o ••••• o ••• • 0 • 89 IX., Comparison of tp.e Mean Number of Sense (Sc) and Sustentaoular (SSo) Cella!) Mean Diameter and Length of Cellular Constituents, and Length of Sense Hairs (SH) Per Superficial Neuromast in !:tY;bopsis o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o () o o o o o o a o o 90 V LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Tran$verse Section Through Infraorbital Canal Neuroma.st and Superficial N,euroma.st of Hybopsis aestivalls o o • • • 7 2. Six Head Regionrei Arbitrari.ly Selected .for Making · Quantitative and Qualitative Measurements of Super­ ficial and Canal Neuromaats •••••••••••• o' o o 20 3. Three Vi~fS of Jiybopsis aeetivalis Illustrating the 0 Ca.nals of the Cephalic Lateral-line System ..... • • 0 0 32 4. Three Views of HJ!QRSis la·brosa Illustrating the Canals of' the Cephalic Lateral=line System., ........ • • 40 5. Three Views of H_ibopsis storeri~ Illustrating the Canals of the Cephalic Le.teral=line System •••• o • • • • • • 46 6. Three Views of Hzbop_si~ amblops Illustrating the Canals or the Cephal1.c lateral=line System ••••••••• • • 47 7. Three Views of Hybopsis rubrifrons Illustrat.ing the Canals of the Cephalic Lateral-line System •••• 0 0 0 0 e. •1ihree Vi~te of Hz,l?;Q;e.i!!! hze!!llinota· 1:11uie,trating the Canals of the Cephalic Lateral-line System •• o o 0 0 0 0 49 9. Quantitative Comparison of Superficial Neuroma.sts Between Six Head Regions of !tzbo,E:sis ~blo;e!,o o o o o o o 53 lOo T1l:ree Views o:r H.ybep19i'l m9na.oh!. illustrating the Canale of' the Cephalic Lateral-line System. o • • • • • o 54 11., Three Views of H.Ybopei!. tc-punota,tra Illustrating the C)anals of the Cephalic Lateral-line Syatem •.•••• 0 0 0 56 Three ViewfB of HzboJ?!ll S!b,e,. Illus't,rating the Canals of the Cephalio lateral-line System •••••••• O O 0 57 JJ. Three Views o:t H,ybop!fis ins:Lgnie--Illustrating the Canals of the Cephalic Lateral-line System. • • • • • • • 58 vi Page 14., Thr~e V'iewis of flzbopsi~ di:l'ilsimili-s Illustrating the CanaliS of the Cephalic Lateral=line System" • • • .. • • • 59 15 .. Three Views CJf H,y'oopsill'S l'larperi Illustrating the Canal$ of the Cephalic Lateral-line System ••• ,, .. .. • • 63 16. Three Views of Hyb@~!!..! bellica Illustrating the Canals of the Cephalic Lateral-line System •••• • • • • 65 ,, ,/ 17.. Three Viewa of Hybopai8 (Nocomis) sp.,L Illustrating the Canals of the Cephalic Iateral-Ilne System •• . • • • 66 lS. Three VieJw of Hybopsis :m:ic:ropogon Illustrating the Canals of th~ Cephalic Lateral=line System ...... 0 0 .. 0 67 19. Three Views of J:tybopsif:3 bigB,.ttata Illustrating the Canals of the Cephalic Lateral-line System..... 0 • 0 0 68 20., Three Views of H:ybopsis (Nocomis) sp .. 2 Illustrating the Canale of the Cephalic Later-line System ••• • • • " 69 21 .. Three Views of Hybopsis leptocephala Illustrating the Canals of' the Cephalic Lateral-line System. .. • • • .. .. • 70 22.. Three Viewe of' fllbopsi!_!. ~ Illuetrating the Cana.ls of the Cephalic Lateral-line System., a a o o o • • • • • 74 23. Three Views o.f' H.Ybopsie ge-lida Illustrating the Canals of the Cephalic lateral-line System ......... • • 75 24. Three Vien of Hz'bo.J?ll!, mcili;! Illustrating the Cana.la of the Cephalic Iateral-line Sy1tem ••••••••• • 0 79 25. Three V'iewa of. &:;bo;ami!, ;eimn'b!!, .Illtt1t.rating the Canale of the Cephalic lateral-line Syatem ••••••••• • • 80 26. Three Views of RY;,bo;e1i1 9.cameri Illu1t:ra·t:ing the Canale of the Cephalic lateral~li:n.e S11t1m •••••••• , • • S2 27. A Supe:r:tiaial N,url')mallt P':rom the lower Jaw of 1ilbop1i1 ,mglclu O I @ I O 8 fi O O O ft O O 8 0 0 t t • 9 f I • • e; 280 A Superficial Neul!•omast From theJ Cranium of Hybop1i1 pbl.op1 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • s; 29. En Face Section of an Infraorbital Canal Neuroma.1t of HY;_b9pei1, ha:r:pe:rj., • • • • • • • • • " • • • .. • • • • • 91 vii Figure Page A Superficial Neuromast of fllbopsis crameri • 0 ti O O Ct ti- 0 91 .31. Longitudinal Sectkm. Through the Infra.orbital Canal and Neuromast of Hybopsis ineignis. • • • • • • • • 95 32. Transverse Section Through Preoperculomandibula.r Canal of Hybopsie leptocephala. • • • • • • • • • • • • • 99 JJ. Hypothetical Dendrograph fer Hybopsis, Subgenera Er:imystax a.nq. HYbop8ie • • • .. • · • • • • • • • • .. • • • • 103 viii CHAPTER I· INTRODUCTION For over a century, the lateral-line system of cold. blooded aqua.­ / tic vertebrates has been of special interest to zoologists, because structural and functional specializations in the system offer interest- ing problems iD adaptive radiationo Allis (lC,36), Romer (1945), Stensio (1947), and may others observed that lateral-line systems in :many primitive (fossil and.· ext.am.) vertebrates were well developed and frequently complex, as seen, for example, in~ (Allis, 1889), Lepisosteus (Gollinge, 1893), and Dipnoi in general (Goodrich, 19;0). Apparently, .:f.'rom the nr;,re primitive fishes with complex lateral-line systems to higher teleosts, there has been a gradual red1J.ction and • .. sim:plif'iaa't.ion of the lateral-line system. The cephalic canals are com- plex with much secondary ramification in the Clupeidae (Tretyakov, 1938; Dijkgraaf, 1962; and Stephens, 1962); less complicated in the Catos­ tomidae (Bransen, 1962&); simpler in the Cyprinidae (Leka.nder, 1949; and Illiok, 1956); and still simpler in the Poeciliidae (Gosline, 1949; and R~sen and Mendelson, 1960), Centrarchidae (Branson and Moore, 1962), ' and Percidae (Hubbs and.
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