REVUE INTERNATIONALE D’ÉTUDES EN LANGUES MODERNES APPLIQUÉES INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF STUDIES IN APPLIED MODERN LANGUAGES Numéro 12 / 2019 RIELMA, no 12 Publicaţie LMA sub egida CIL Comitet ştiinţific: Rodica BACONSKY Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, România Liana POP Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, România Mihaela TOADER Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, România Georgiana LUNGU BADEA Universitatea de Vest, România Willy CLIJSTERS Hasselt Universiteit, België Martine VERJANS Hasselt Universiteit, België Jean-Paul BALGA Université de Maroua, Cameroun Bernd STEFANINK Universität Bielefeld, Deutschland Miorita ULRICH Otto-Friedrich-Universität, Deutschland Dima EL HUSSEINI Université Française d’Égypte Almudena NEVADO LLOPIS Universidad San Jorge, España Joël MASSOL Université de Nantes, France Valérie PEYRONEL Université de Paris III, France Frédéric SPAGNOLI Université de Franche-Comté, France Hoda MOUKANNAS Université Libanaise, Liban Mohammed JADIR Université Hassan II Mohammedia- Casablanca, Maroc Izabella BADIU Parlement européen Małgorzata TRYUK Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska Director: Mihaela TOADER Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, România Editori responsabili: Alina PELEA și Manuela MIHĂESCU Comitet de redacţie: Bogdan ALDEA, Iulia BOBĂILĂ, Renata GEORGESCU, Adriana NEAGU ISSN 1844-5586 ISSN-L 1844-5586 Tiparul executat la: S.C. ROPRINT S.R.L. 400188 Cluj-Napoca • Str. Cernavodă nr. 5-9 Tel./Fax: 0264-590651 • [email protected] Table des matières Éditorial / 5 Autour de la traduction / 7 Codruța SÎNTIONEAN, The Role of Translation in the Promotion of Korean Literature / 9 Mathieu MOKHTARI, Heurs et malheurs de la traduction du roumain ancien : le cas du sous-titrage français du film Aferim! / 20 Alice DEFACQ, The Merry Old Land of Oz : un numéro musical à l’épreuve du sous-titrage et de l’adaptation / 29 Les rendez-vous terminologiques / 41 Jean-Paul BALGA, Expression de la dégradation des mœurs sociales : le vocabulaire de la sexualité en français véhiculaire au Cameroun / 43 Rim BEN YACOUB, Analogie et corps humain: cas du rapport analogique avec le tube digestif humain / 54 Les aléas de l’interprétation / 63 Veronica MANOLE, General Knowledge in Conference Interpreting Training: a Survival Guide for Overwhelmed Students / 65 Brèves LEA Monde / 81 La chronique / 83 Carmen Vlad, Studii de lingvistică textuală. Texte și metatexte, București, Editura Academiei Române, 2018 (Manuela Mihăescu) / 83 Comptes rendus / 90 Atelier de traduction, « Cent ans de traductions en langue roumaine », numéro hors série, Suceava, Editura Universităţii « Ştefan cel Mare », 2019 (Renata Georgescu) / 90 Michel Ballard (auteur), Christian Balliu, Yves Chevrel (collaborateurs) et Lieven D’hulst, Mickaël Mariaule, Corinne Wecksteen-Quinio (éds.) Antiquité et traduction. De l’Égypte ancienne à Jérôme, Villeneuve d’Ascq, Presses universitaires du Septentrion, coll. « Traductologie », 2019 (Alina Pelea) / 96 3 Silvia Irimiea, Discourse and Society. Insights into the Sociology of Discourse, Cluj-Napoca, Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2019 (Octavian More) / 97 Carla Maria Ataíde Maciel (org.), A teoria e a pesquisa na interpretação de conferência, Maputo, Educar UP, 2018 (Veronica Manole) / 99 Mioara Adelina Angheluţă, Oana-Dana Balaș, Maria-Sabina Draga Alexandru, Joan Ilinàs Suau, Xavier Montoliu Pauli (eds.), Traduccions i diàlegs culturals amb el català (Romanica 25), Bucureşti, Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, 2018 (Elena Ciutescu) / 101 Concours de traduction. 1ère édition : Hommage à Tudor Ionescu / 105 En vitrine / 110 4 ÉDITORIAL Nous vous invitons à la lecture de ce nouveau numéro de RIELMA avec l’espoir que vous y trouverez des sujets dignes d’attention, que vous soyez enseignant, chercheur ou étudiant en langues modernes appliquées. Comme toujours, nous avons essayé des rester fidèles à notre tradition en proposant des textes portant sur des sujets divers et des informations d’actualité sur le petit « monde LEA », consitués des passionnés de la communication interculturelle, de la traduction, de l’interprétation, de la linguistique appliquée etc. Les articles retenus cette année traitent de la traduction, de la linguistique contrastive et de l’interprétation – pot-pourri révélateur de la variété d’intérêts de nos lecteurs. Les « Brèves » sont consacrées à des débuts prometteurs, dont nous espérons avoir de bonnes nouvelles dans les numéros à venir. « La Chronique » – que nous inaugurons avec une parution d’exception, les « Comptes rendus » et la rubrique « En vitrine » donnent une image du paysage éditorial roumain et international et incitent, pensons-nous, à découvrir les résultats du travail de nos collègues. Ce numéro est aussi innovateur. Pour rendre hommage à un grand traductologue et enseignant de notre Université, Tudor Ionescu, et pour mettre en valeur la langue roumaine, qu’il a si bien servie, nous proposons un concours de traduction. Le texte retenu est en lui-même un casse-tête traductologique, car il aborde, dans une histoire d’apparence légère et amusante, les difficultés incontournables de la traduction automatique. Traduire ce texte reviendra en même temps à réfléchir à certains problèmes de toujours de la traduction. Trouver des solutions sera sans doute laborieux, mais, ô, combien gratifiant ! Bonne lecture ! Alina Pelea et Manuela Mihăescu 5 Autour de la traduction The role of translation in the promotion of Korean literature Codruța Sîntionean Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca Abstract. When Han Kang’s novel, The Vegetarian, won the distinguished Man Booker International Prize in 2016, the Korean literary establishment initially praised this achievement and attributed it mainly to the novel’s English translation. However, soon after, members of the academia and the media started to criticize Deborah Smith’s English translation, triggering a controversy over the standards of a good translation. This article investigates the meaning and role attributed to translation in South Korea, in the quest for Korean literature’s international recognition. Ultimately, the discussion surrounding the translation of The Vegetarian illustrates the Korean expectation that translators achieve a fine balance between conveying a supposedly unique national identity and the universality of Korean literature. Keywords: literal translation, Korean literature, Han Kang, Deborah Smith, The Vegetarian, Man Booker International Prize INTRODUCTION: THE NECESSITY OF LITERARY TRANSLATION Inside Korean literary and academic circles, there has long been a fear that, compared to other world literatures, Korean literature has a marginal position. This fear is not specific to Korea alone; it can be better understood as a reaction to the Eurocentric literary canon, which has been at the core of academic disciplines such as literary theory and comparative literature. Critics have highlighted the discriminatory, limited character of eurocentrism (Sîntionean, 2018), and have proposed alternative modes of reading (Moretti, 2013) and understanding of the circulation of literary works (Damrosch, 2003), refuting the existence of a canonic center. Translation has played a major role in overcoming the marginalization of Asian literary voices (among many others), and the seminal role of the translator as negotiator of cultural differences (Venuti, 2000:468) cannot be overstated. Mediated by translation and widely disseminated together with a dynamic popular culture (cinema, pop music, comics), Korean authors, among other Asian literary voices, are overcoming their imposed marginality (Williams, 2010:12). Another obsessive theme recurring in South Korean literary circles is the imaginary competition with the Chinese and Japanese literatures, both much better known in the West than the Korean literary tradition. The first modern Korean 9 novel was translated into English as late as 1985 (Fulton, 2011:778)1. Until then, only short fiction and a few titles of premodern prose had been published in English translation, mostly by South Korean publishers. Since the 1980s, Korean modern and contemporary literature has become better known in the world thanks to available translations. By comparison, the first translations of Japanese and Chinese literary and history texts have been made in the nineteenth century and their overall volume surpasses by far the number of Korean texts in translation. Academic courses and programs dedicated to Chinese and Japanese studies in Western universities have made their considerable contribution to the proliferation of available translations, whereas the development of Korean Studies as an academic field has been a more recent development. In Korea, symbolic forms of international recognition, such as literary prizes, have the potential to diminish the anxiety of continuous comparisons, implicit or explicit, with neighboring literatures. For instance, the annual announcement of the Nobel Prize in Literature is awaited with much anticipation in Korea, all the more since China and Japan already have their own Nobel Prize laureates in literature2. Every time the Nobel Prize is awarded to a non-Korean writer, this is perceived in Korean media as a national failure, “an embarrassing lack of achievement for this economic powerhouse” (Kim 2015). It is partly attributed to the lack of representative authors, and partly blamed on the insufficient governmental efforts to support quality translations of emblematic works. In response to such anxieties, in 2001 the government created the “Literature Translation Institute of Korea,” which has been investing