GCSE D&T Textiles Knowledge Organiser

GCSE D&T Textiles Knowledge Organiser Commercial Processes Scales of Production Circular Knitting Machine Batch Weaving Loom One Off Mass Flat Bed Knitting Machine Manufacturing Processes - Wastage, Addition, Forming Composite/Lamination Wastage Addition Forming Composites are materials made from two or more different materials Dyeing and Printing Pleating and combine the properties of the materials they are made from. Cutting/Shearing Sewing Quilting Gore-Tex Carbon fibre reinforced Batik plastic Screen printing Shears Computerised Embroidery Gathering Quilting Bonding fabric Rotary Cutter Laminated fabrics are made when two or more layers of fabrics are Fastenings Applique bonded together using a polymer film, this is what creates the Laser cutting Tailoring laminate material to have its shiny effect. Piping GCSE D&T Textiles Knowledge Organiser Tools & Equipment Techniques and Processes Laser cutter Tailor’s Chalk Hot Press Wood blocks for Mannequin printing Rotary Cutter Screen Printing – screen and Overlocker squeegee Pinking Shears Shape & Form Production Aids Computerised Double Embroidery Machine Templates Plain French Seam Machine Dressmaking Patternmaster Seam Stitched Pattern Seam Fabric Shears Pinked Edge Curved Seams Inverted pleat Wax pot & Tjanting Overlocking Embroidery Hoop Accordion Pleat Gather Knife pleat Zig Zag edge Dart Box Pleat Block Patterns GCSE D&T Textiles Knowledge Organiser Fibres, Yarns & Fabrics Textiles & their working Sources & Origin properties Absorbency - soaks up water/sweat Strength – strong, doesn’t break easily Elasticity – has some stretch Warming/cooling – traps air/air flows through Flammability – ability to catch fire Durability – hard wearing Crease resistance – does not crease Comfort – soft against skin Drape – hangs well Water repellent – ability to repel water Shrink resistance – will not shrink when washed Thermoplastic – will soften when heated and can be heat-set into new shapes that it will maintain when cooled (synthetic fibres) Lightweight – not heavy/dense Texture – smooth or coarse Fabric Construction Knitted Woven Non Woven Types of Weaves Weft Warp Selvedge Bias Plain Twill Satin GCSE D&T Knowledge Organiser Scales of Production Name/ Type How many it makes Key Info Examples of Products • Also known as Bespoke or Prototype manufacture • Custom-made products • Towers / Bridges One-off Production 1 • Specialist workers/ skills • One-off Houses • Specialist machines and materials • Custom made clothes • High Quality but expensive • Uses a mix of workers and machinery • Baked foods • Uses jigs, moulds and templates to help make identical products • Limited edition car Batch 10s-1000s • Stations of workers e.g. cutting station, painting station, etc • Socks • Can have some variation e.g. colour, finish, flavour • Chairs • Big assembly lines (and sub-assembly lines) • Cars • Heavily automated • Bottles Mass 10,000s - 100,000s • Standard and identical products • Microchips • Little worker input • Plain shirts • 24/7 production • Energy • Heavily automated • Water Continuous 100,00s + • Standard and identical products • Paper • Little worker input • Plastic One-off Production Batch Production Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages • High storage costs • Lower cost than one-off • Jugs, moulds and templates have to be • Custom made • Time consuming • Jigs, moulds and templates help products checked • High Quality Materials • Specialist training for workers look identical • Workers can become bored on their • High Quality Craftsmanship • Expensive to buy • Can have some variety station Mass Production Continuous Production Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages • Initial starting costs are high • Initial starting costs are high • Large amounts made at once • Large amounts made at once • If production line stops, the product can’t • If production line stops, the product can’t • All products are identical and to same • All products are identical and to same be made be made standard standard • Workers become bored monitoring • Workers become bored monitoring • Using automation reduced human error • Using automation reduced human error machines and repetitive tasks machines and repetitive tasks Fibres and Fabrics Knowledge Organiser Natural Fibre Products Manmade Fibre Products (synthetic) Property Definition Found in Traditional fibres from plants and animals. Modern fibres manufactured using polymers. wool, cotton, Wool: Fibres from sheep’s wool are spun into Strong and durable manmade polymer fibre. limen, non- yarn and can be woven and knitted. The Nylon: absorbent A fabric’s ability to hold moisture. Has a wide range of applications, as a clothing woven fabrics fibres can also be spun into finer yarn which such as felt is turned into cloth. Absorbent, soft or coarse fabric and in other uses where durability is handle, not durable. important. Warm to wear, non-absorbent and good drape. Can be made with soft or coarse handle. A fabric or yarn made from a mix of natural and manmade fibres, Used in yarn form in knitwear, scarves, blended purposefully created to use the features of both. gloves, bags, dresses and suits. Used in wide range of clothing in pure and blended form. Waterproof coats, tents. A fabric that uses specific fibres and weave that allows air to pass sportswear breathable through the clothing, thereby preventing heat and moisture build- blended fabrics, up. line, cotton, wool Cotton: Thread is spun from fibres from the Polyester: Very durable polymer fibre, non-absorbent cotton plant. Used widely due to its good and cool to wear. Often blended with cotton to durability and soft handle. Can be machine produce low cost, breathable fabrics and used widely The way a fabric looks when it is hanging down. Clothing designers washed, but requires ironing as creases in place of pure cotton. drape must consider the drape of a fabric when choosing the material for all fabrics easily. Highly-absorbent. a garment. Used in canvas, muslin, calico and denim, Used in clothing and home furnishings, industrial clothing, home furnishings polyester used for ropes, seat-belts. Hard-wearing, stain resistant. Man-made fibres are mainly more nylon, polyester, durable, and are therefore blended with natural fibres to create durable denim, lycra Silk: Natural fibre from silkworms, woven Organza: A lightweight, sheer fabric traditionally more durable products. into fine fabric, which has a high sheen or made from silk, although more often now made lustre. Cool to wear. from polyester. Its decorative properties make it What a fabric feels like to the touch, for instance: smooth, rough, Used in high-class clothing and home popular for embellishments on clothing. handle all fabrics furnishings in Satin form. stiff. Used in home furnishings, hat decorations, wedding dresses. silk and synthetic satins, polyester Linen Made from fibres of the flax plant, sheen A smooth and slightly reflective surface finish to a fabric. linen is a traditional fabric. Does not products, some cause allergies and is cool to wear. Highly Lycra (brand name for spandex/elastane): A 20th leathers absorbent. century ‘wonder material’, Lycra is commonly found organza, voile, Used in home furnishings, summer clothing. in sportswear due to its breathable and elastic qualities. Excellent shape retention. When blended sheer Fabrics that are flimsy and semi-transparent. muslin lingerie with natural fibres, clothing with the feel of natural products fire, and the elasticity of Lycra can be achieved. Leather: Made from animal skins, leather lycra and lycra A fabric’s ability to keep its shape and not become deformed through is not strictly a fabric. Comfortable in both Used in tight-fitting sports wear, stockings and shape blends, leather, hot and cold conditions. Untreated, leather leggings, blended in denim, woollen clothing. retention use. is absorbent but can be treated with a range polyester, nylon of finishes to improve its effectiveness and durability. Tough and elastic. Photo courtesy of (@flickr) Mediamatic Hybrid Wearables - granted under creative water- Non-absorbent. A fabric’s natural ability, or manufactured finish, polyester, nylon, Used in clothing, car upholstery, home commons licence - attribution. furnishings. Photo courtesy of (@flickr) Those Who Affected Me - granted under creative repellent allowing water to not penetrate through the weave. leather commons licence - attribution Smart Fabrics This acupuncture therapy shirt allows the wearer to receive specific therapy at the same time as getting on with their job. Advancements in modern technology have implications for fabrics and design. Wearable technology and performance enhancing textiles are This light emitting fabric is an example of how designers can use fibre-optics to create high- important strands of sports and fashion design in the modern age. impact visual clothing and accessories. Page 1 of 2 visit twinkl.com Fibres and Fabrics Knowledge Organiser Wasting Addition Deforming and Reforming Fabrics are a compliant material and are relatively easy to cut and Addition by hand-stitching Deforming by tailoring shape. They are, however, an unforgiving material, and an incorrect All projects will require some degree of hand-stitching. This may Once the pattern and fabric pieces have been cut, the main tool cut will be often difficult to undo or disguise. be to add a button, join one piece of fabric over the top of another, for shaping an item of clothing is a tailor’s dummy. Re-forming, Cutting: Fabric is normally cut with

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