~ !Xl. --- INTERNATIONAL ADVANCED COURSE ON , ~TED TECHNOLOGY FOR HOUSING PLANNING ~, 4th October to 3rd November 1998

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• • • :• .' . • • ...- • PlIEI' AI\W BY . . . • • JOHNY F. 5. 5UBI\ATA . ~ . ' , • • • " • ' . -t> • • \,'. f" , . p " t-.{ ' . .. t... • •

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RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS JJI rr~ AGENCY FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ~ n "- MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS

(oeperation with

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATJON AGENCY By Johny F. S. Subrata Prepan:!d far The InkrnationLl! Course in Ho using Planning Ba ndung,Oct(lber 11 , 19GB • 'P«t tkC cdt; «p: teM (he cdt; ~: ftut it etp a~W;'t : eet U4 liHd a cit<;o Let

"'VûJ ad ct.eMt, dM.am ad ha<1'fftett, titt 'fl'''''' cdt; CO",(;á "'.

IlIlroduclÎolI

Bandung in the past ,,"as a story of golden age of the city in architecture. Different type of artistic a id building architecture embelished all over the aid town. Fashioned art-deco, neo­ gothic, art nouveau and modern fungsionalim of European architecture styles, and lndo­ European admixture, were applied to charm the nonh part of aid town where most European were lived. Chinese shop-house architecture gave aspecific characteristic of China Town in centre of the city. Whi le in southern part, Sundanese architecture dominated residential buildings as weil as Islamic and -Hindu architecture styles for Mosque. Tropical parks and boulevards are another element of urban design developed to embody as a garden city.

Now the city of live museum of architecture is in her development. The most den se city in

Asia is still struggling to be 'Clean, Green mlll F/olVerÎlIg' (BERHIBER; BERsih , Hljau,

BERbunga) in order to return her reputation as an attractive city to visit and a convenient environment to li ve, as it \\'as happened in her golden age. Prestigious predicates as it was awarded to Bandung. :; ince it was de Parij s van Java (The Pari s of Java), the Flower City, the Garden of Al lah. de Stad der Gepensioneerden (City for Retired People), until the Most Secure City in the World (1992), should be maintain. Of course heroic predicates of Bandung Lautan Api (Sea of Fire) and Bandung Lautan Air (Sea of Water) should not be maintain in another meanings .

.IJ :""; JOl' TCTP-llousing -I)X llislorica! ,We/ch q[ Bandl/ng Self/1.!/II Cllf.\·

Baut/ullg a.\' fllI Auciell Lake

Bandllllg is a basin area locaiccl al 715 - 1050 meier ah<,, 'c sea k 'd. Intluanced by mouillaillous c1imate ofaverage lempCralurc 01" 24 0 C ~lJ1d hum i,li l)' of70 ",. Ihc Cil Y havc a conveni ent wheather lor livi ng.

Surrrounding mountain fOrtlled the ' (Priangan,Preanger = Place of Gods, term of Bandung Highland) plain as a big basin.

Geological researcb proved that tbe basin was a big ancient lake with 30 meter of depth, spead out about 30 km from north to south, and 50 km from west 10 east. The artifact findings ofNeolithic people noticed that the Iake level gradually sanks as the bank \\'as out byerosion. Finally only a marshy plain remained.

The populair traditional Sundanese legend of Sangkuriang (see Legend of Sangkuriang) which believe that Bandung land was a lake, has also been considered by the geologist to support their findin gs.

Arthifact findings founded at many plaees along the shore indicate th at primitive people has has inhabited along the ancient lake s id ~ (at present known as 1110untains surrounding

Bandung) sinee Holosen Ages (geological period '" 6,000 years ago). The stone-age man lived in groups with their prehistorical civilization of culture \\hich living under the taboos of spirits, ghosts and gods. This inhabitant later noticed as the founder of civilized Bandung original people whieh knO\\ll as Sundanese.

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Bandung plain surround ect by mount. ains

PrumtJve.. In. habitant alrea d y. exist smce. Ban ct un :::.o plan sti ll a lake

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Tlrt! IJirllr (~ r a TOWIl

It \1'015 in t~IO \I he n th e sixth I~ ege nt of l3 ane! lIn g. Dalem \\ïranuta Klisumah 11 , (prcsslired by ivlarshall Daendles, the Governor General of the NctherLlnl! ! ne!ies). Ill ovee! thc c"pit al

from Dayellh Kolot ( 15 km South of Banclllng) approaehing the po int o f where the Groote

Post-weg (Great Post Road, part of 1,000 km of East- road), would be constructed.

The new capital was then settl ed in 181 1 nearby a water spring named Sumur Bandung

(Bane!ung-\\'ell ; at present k1lOwn as Alun-alun/the ' town sq uare' in centre of city) and settl ement established along Cikapundung river bank where the post-roae! intersects. " The first fa st development of Bandung was start late of 19'" century, since the railway was officiall y opened in 1884, conecting Bandung to Batavia (ltereafter Jakarta) and in 1894 the line towards the east was also opened, conecting Bandung to Surabaya.

The rai lway operation accelerated the economie growth of Bandung city. Houses for railway personnel were built in several location when the head office of State Railway Company moved to Bandung in 1894.

In 1898, the arm factory was removed from Surabaya to Bandung, near the railway and housing complex for workers was built nearby factor)'.

Then population grew fa st. I f in 1846, statistica I recorded 11.000 natives, 9 Europeans, 13

Chinese, and 30 Arabs were li ve in Bandung, fifty years later the city was inhabited by

4! ,000 indige nous, 1, 134 Europeans, and 4,000 other nationalities.

Thcse all dcmanded other facilities such as technica! senices, hotels and recreational facil ities, most of which first developed arOlmd Alun-alun/the IOwn square, along the Groote Post-weg and near the railway station.

Then the city were moe!ernized. Even R.A.A. Martanegara, the Regent governed Bandung from 1893 to 1918, who al so civil engineer, took apart in planning and design of the city. He

\I'as and instructed the people to replace the traditional materiag of building contruction with new technology, l\ lerchants lOok aelvantage of these situations. Famous anel exc ili sive shops and restaurant soon lineel in Braga Streel. The city became attracti ve anel made to be poplliar week-end for the ri ch. especiall)' planters cli ltivated land arOlll1d Banelung pl ain .

.Ij::::; ror TCTP-J-lll ll sing'<) }\ 11 . EragQ di tahun 1920 fgambaratasl. Di tahun 1937 12 . Braga lelah dip(1luhi tok

Sebuah Uustrasi cantik karvo Nl/. 1... ueman Laoh, berhasil menggambarkan suasana Bandung di abad XI X yang laltI .

. Ja\1.111 Braga lil 1937. siHlaled with cxc lu sivc and pres'igious shops and res'ourants. I' was ,h e ce nlre of Eurpcan Shoppin g ac(i vil )' during co\onial time. l!luslration of elegant life of European arround Uraga. 5 -' ~ . " . -----" " "~ :; - .::.--" ..', • ~!!!. ' .,..---.

Villa lsola. \V, Barety' s majesry country house in Nort Bandung, now lJ sed as a Teacher Training Centre (I KI P), Designed by' \Volf Schoemaker, constrll cred by {h e A IA and comp lered in 1934. The des ign Il\Jde grear demands on con stru clion . Tilt! rounJ:;,d fOnll S and the del;),ilin g ~H e still vçry modern,

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6 Savoy Homann Hotel, a cclonial land mark of Bandung

Grand Preanger, ane of th e oldest hotel in Bandung O ld building (far-Ief!) and new building (frani)

7 Historical Skels olBandung Sel/lemellnt

In its colonial hevdav Bandung was known as ' Parij s van Java' (Paris of Java), a city wi th tree-lined boulevard. tàshionabl e shops and elegant architecture .

even the Outch (jovernm enl ever suggested to transfer thé capital cit y frolll Jakart a to Bandung.

Bandung was in her 'golden age' in 1920's since the Colonial Govemment announced the transfer the seat of government and a large number of administrative departments from Jakarta to Bandung. An urban development plan, in which new residential districts and government buildings were alloned their positions, had to be drawn up. Planners and architects ordered to design beautiful town and buildings. However thi s development was never completed because of the lndonesia war for independence against eolonialism. However, some key government offices had already been moved to Bandung.

The City Development Scheme

-Initia! establishment

As a very small city in the 19th Century, Bandung was expresseà as smal! clustering of settlement around the Pendopo, regent palace. The Pendopo and the Alun-alun (a front yard) are among the most striking urban features of Bandung. Other important builèings were located around the Alun-alun or in its vicinity: the mosque, the residence of the patih, the regent assistant, and some more dwellings of other relatives of the regent. The whole complex was oriented to the north where legendary mountain of Tangkuban Perahu located. This eosmological orientation of north-south axis is known as a specific concept of Javanese town. Later, the regent complex was the embryo of the settlement of Bandung and the Alun-alun became a town square where the social, economie and cuIturai agglomeration of the native were concentrated.

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The init.ia.l palace settJ.ecent. .... as a residence tor tbe i bupatl and a !~ont yard (alun-alun) attached to the ~ Post~eg. Betore settli ng ~own along the road, the b upati ! still lived in two other places more to tbe north. ~

INITIAL ESTABLISHMENT

9 H'SfOrtCa / SkeiS afBandung Sell/emer"'1

- A Ot!' or a 7'ropical Garden

At the first. Bandung \''3.5 developed to be a coJoma! city for Eurcp-.!2f! w!th their drea:ll of living in beautiful places of European cities. The ci ty was a copy of European towns. Elegant European architecture of hotels, cafes and restaurants as found in Paris, beautiful parks and boulevards like in Vienna, are some of specific European characteristic developed in Bandung and made the city to be European city in East Indies. Architeets seems free to express their ideas in design of buildings with latest European arehitecture style sueh as dynamic art-deco, neo-gotbic, art nouvea:; and modem fungsionalim.

Generally, Bandung had developed along two axes; the east-west axis along Post-weg, and the north-soutb axis in tbe direction to Lembang. European enclave in nort.'! part of Bandung was tbe most striking feature of modem urban settlement of Bandung. Modem built environment, individual villas witb convenient elimate

of mountainous area of the north part, completed with social facilities and charmed by beautiful gardens were a common situation of the Duteh settlement. Housing eomplexes

developed close 10 tbe govemrnent offices so that tbe civil servants would not far to travel to work. Tbe natives were live mostly in soutb part of tbe Great Post road and some around the regent palace in tbe city centre. Living in more traditional housing with tropieal concepts, and, loc::I building material and traditional techniques of construction. The Chinese who were developed business in tbeir settlements, inhabited western part of the city and, at present known as commercial district. Tbe tradition and business spirit of the Chinese were expressed in tbeir shop houses architecture. The Arab which found their strength in commercial sector, were enclave 'llix with otber ethnic groups, near tbe great mosque and business centte.

Tbe lay-cut of area for the govemrnent buildings was tbe highlights of ~ity plan. The influence of Dutch colonial policy to make Bandung as a kolonial stad (colonial city), once was expressed in the government buildings. Lay-out was designed isometrie and

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Concept of Bandung 'Oarden City' by Thomas Nix. The city layered by greenery. Sub city cetres seperated from city centre by green beits.

N Contoh lndis'chE rTopÛche Park me1~u;'llt gogas"oll Jr . Thomo~ N:I. (;' .. --

'Gedung Safe'. part of of Govell1ll1ent Office. Complex. Today is lIsed as office of the Goyemor of West Java Province. Designed by Gerber.

i3 'llmtelijk Lyceum di Jl.Dago Band!.!TI q M.U.~ . O . School cl Jl.Jawa (kinl SMP SJ I

Vilfa Merah di Jl. Taman Sari, dibanOlol dellqo'l batt! bola dari Negeri Belanda . .. • ~

t.e HoogEre Burgerschool (H.B.S.J, ktn~ S.M.A BelUung. TechnuCM H oogeschooI (sekaTang ITB).

Several types of Indo-Europen architecture in Band\lng

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Toman Goneea di tahun 1928, terlihnf ' ;I.?gah dengO'1 bangunQ11 ITB di belakangnya

Park s are imponanl element of Bandullg. as a 'Garden City. Gancça Park, in tornt of Balldung In stitute of Tcchnology

16 Hislon cal SkelS ofl3 andllnx Selliemenni

monumental with colos5al huildings lined round a large square and iinked each other by ga lle ri es.

lt was in 1930's, to respond critics of Hendrik Petrus Berl age (a tà mous architect of international repute), planners and architects were starting to explore the local characteristic in planning and design ofBandung. They concept of Tropical Garden City has been introduced in planning of Bandung City, to integrate with local environment. Boulevards and parks with tropical trees and pond developed as a nucleus of and access to settlernents. Botanist and comrnunity were also rnobilized to design and plant boulevards and parks. Searching out of Indo-European style of architecture has also been done to give Iocal spirit of tropical garden city. Many of design seerns to be experiment of the architect ideas of admixture European and local styles.

Bandung Today

Bandung today is multifaceted. As tbe capital city of West Java Province, Bandung Municipality play tbe roleas centres of regional administrative and economical growths. AgglomeratioD of regioDal social, economic and culture activities are occurred and made tbe fourth largest city in Indonesia is ODe of the attractive destination for urbanization. With 1,817,939 people (1996), popuJation growth of 2,3 %, and density of 10,907 peoplelha, Bandung is ODe of tbe most populated and deDse city in Indonesia. Even some parts are categorized as tbe most dense district in Asia Hence the promotion to live in Bandung as it was disseminated duriDg colonial time; Komt Ie Bandung, Blijft Ie Bandung. Bouwl te Bandung (Come la Bandung. Slay in Bandung. Live in Bandung) is not popular anyrnore by the local goverruneDt.

Since recently Bandung has been knO\~n as a city of education and science. It is manifested in its many universities, research institutions and hi-tech industries. Numbers of outstanding state and private universities always attract large number of students from all part of the country and constitute positive point of i nnovative thinking.

JFS fc< TCTP-Housing '98 17 H/s lortcal Skels ofB andllng Selllemetl"'

Band ung is also known as one of nati on 's major industry centre. Textile and garment which prod uce 60 % of national product, aircraft, telt:commun ica ti on and other budding high-tcc h and labor intensive industries are located here. Dry-pon transportation system was developed to support and facilitate export of industrial products from Bandung.

In the field of tourism, Bandung still attractive for visitors both domesti c touri st, especially during week-end, and foreign tourist. With beautiful scenery of mountainous environment, pleasant climate, specific Sundanese culture and historical heritage, Bandung known as a one of tourism destinations in Indonesia. Human-scale planning of environment, pleasant c1imate, cheap shopping of creative gannent products, specific and various foods, are some of the city anractive for domestic tourist. While foreign tourist are mme interested in visiting beautiful mountainous and naturalobjects, historica! heritage buildings, performances of Sundanese culture and shopping of handicrafts.

These all activities are need services, such as housing for workers and student, public facilities and utilities. Industries and business activities are also need supporting facilities.

Recently, the city which was targeted for 500,000-750,000 inhabitant, could not accommodate the needs of service for two million inhabitant of the city with fast economical development. Consequently, extension is a must and planning should be revise. By 1987, the territory ofBandung Municipality has been extended ;0 be 16,729.65 sq. km . East-west extension was the only possibility because tbe north part is physically bordered by mountains which regionally is planned to be conservation areas, while in south part is faced to flood areas. Based on east-west development policy, the master plan was prepared with old town as the initia! of city planning. Development of sub city centres in six points is also set-up in order to distribute the concentration of activity in tbe city centre.

Now, Bandung is still developing with targer areas and much crucial problems. Potent and sources should be mobilized to return her reputation. The city has been rush in populari ty as an attractive place to visit, to stay and to live. She has to work ha,d and dress up to maintain her beauty. She also should not ever sleep. to serve !wo million people who has li ght the city live.

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19 Gm11bar 6.1 Kondisi Perumahan di Kotamadya llandung I HOUSING CONDmON IN BANDUNG MUNICIPALITY I

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No ANNrxEI ANNEX-J I' iSlorical Sketch oJ /Jat/dl/n.'!, S'e lllf! I1/CIlf

J'HYSICAL FEATURES OF BANDUNG

Geography : Situated at ImilLlle of6 0 55' N and longitude of 10 7 0 E, in west pan o fJ"v" Isl:md.

Topography Bandung City is located in Bandung plateau, at 675 111 - 1,050 In above sca level and surrou nded by Illountains which fomlcd th e city as a la kc. Topographical, is relative ly nat in so ulh and ce ntre. and hill y in Ihe nonh. Bandung is a basin area surrrounded by Ill ollntai ns.

ee%gy The rock mat eria ls of Bandung land consist of eruption materials of Tangkupan Perahu Mountain which has been fonned since the Quarter Age. ComprÎses andosol materials in tll e NOl1h, Centre and West, and. spead of grey alluvial and clay sediment materials in the SO llth and East,

CHRONOLOGY OF ADMINISTRA TIVE STATUS

1488 Bandung as a pal1 ofPajajaran Kingdom (An aId Kingdom in Pasundan Land); 1799 Handed over by VQC (Duteh Trading Company) to the Dutch Colonial Gevemment, as a pal1 of Sumedang Larang authoriry: 1811 Announeed as the Capital City of Bandung Regency; 1906 Establishment ofthe Municipality Authorit)'; 1917 In auguration ofthe first Major: 1926 Announeed as a State Munieipality: 1945 Expropriated as a National Govemment of Bandung City (by Indonesian Govemment); 1946 Announeed as the Capital City of Pasundan State; 1948 Annoltneed as a Natienal Munieipalil)'; 1949 As a munieipality (of aid s)'stem); 1950 Announced as a big city with administrative status (Kata Besar Bandung); 1957 Announced as Municipalil)' (Kotapraja Bandung); 1966 Announeed as a municipalil)' with administrative status (Pemerintah Daerah Kotamadya Bandung) 1971 Announced as a city with munieipality authority (Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat 11 Bandun.,).

TOTALAREA

1906 -1917 (Duteh Colon ia I Era) 1,922 ha 191 7 - 1942 (Duteh Colonial Era) 2.817 ha 1942- 1949 (Japanese Colonial & 5,413 ha Indonesia Era) 1949-1987 (Pasundan State-Indonesia) 8,098 ha 19 87 - Now (National Unity-lndones;a) : 16,729.65 ha

POPULATION

1950 38,400 people 1950 644,475 people 1960 : 1,028,542 people 1970 : 1.158,069 people 1980 : 1.335,894 people 1990 : \.8 10,917 people 1996 : 1.8 17,939 people

JfS ror TCTP HOLlSillg '98 PERLUASAN WlLAYAH ADMINISTRATIF KOTA BANDUNG.

· NEGoR!], J)ANDONG 0 1826 c / / (, ( ~:I\OCII .0'" l"u,IHh. "'JI ot Pilot l 1.

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KETERANGAN : Permukaan AAl 900 Ha 1 AprU 1906 p :.:::\ Petluasan Pada Jaman Belanda. 2.150 Ha 12 Oktober 1917 !mmmm Perluasan Pada Jaman Jepang 3,305 Ha Th. 1942-1943. ~ Perlua.san Pad a Jarnan Federal 8.098 Ha 19 Pebl1Jarl 194 G.

Perluasan Menurut Rencana 12.758 Ha (PeneHUan Tahun Karsten - 1930. Untuk .Tangka2STahun. Dengan JurnJ!lh Penduduk Sejumlah 7!lO,OQ(I J lwaJ.

Mar of Bal1dung 1n 1826 al1d ils eXlellsiol1. ~ -- .. , : 85.000 Z •• Z Sumber: BAPPEJlKO KOTAMADYA BANDUNG. 1980. ~ ~ (;umbar 2.1 Kawasan 1'Vletropolitan I3anclung (Bfl'fA ) 1 BANDUNG METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AREA KloS. PIJi{WAKAln" PURWAKARTA REGEIKY

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P.e.sideTI Priangan Tydeman dan Nyonya, beserta penguTU.! Bandoeng VoJruit pada peresmtan jalon ment(iu Ka"wah popandayan pada tanggal 29 De.!emter 1935:

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Sejok lahun JU2, di 11. Braga fe/a, reperloir yang paling dlpem01i Pl' pOTn pemnlnllyo !Jalip cOlllik moh H0W'B TH'\[ , UMPIRE: i;R ICKETER:3 WANTEO: J.3i1ndullg ' Parijs villl.lava' WilS all idcal place ofwcck·clld BANDOENG CR ICKE T CLUB for Europ can. Sf.N10RS AND JUNlORS EVERY SUNDAY ~IO R N I NG 8,12 ;. 2 GROUND S IN FR ON T OF 7 ANNUA l FAIR BUl lDIN GS ~'", Oh II!!§------2ii] ANNEX-6

A,lun-Alun Bandung dt awartahun 1950-an. Warong na.t!. tUkang cikopi, es campur, roti Ang BOk, baftgur. tukollQ C llk/I T dan tukang Tepara$~ tapal kuda, tenong berdagang df bawah pohon berinç17l. .

Architecture oftwo oldest mosques in Bandung, influenced by Hindu­ Java culture.

Me,;jid I\'a.um C:paganti. Peda lolcasi üu pusal Kota BaMung mulo pertorw didirikan a/eh 8'Upati \Vl ranalakusumah I/. Mesjid Uang ter/ua usianya di Ban­ dung ini, dipuqcr oleh aTsitek Schoemaker ber saudara. 1 : - . +~?" ~\~ .-.,...... nr , ..... ,., ""oi~~ ••• 'i. 111 11

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Sela ma Jaarb~n be:rlanU3ung, bebtrapa macam per/arldlngcHI dOft peragaan dflakukan dl Lapan(1 Ge /o ra.

Fil1ll0US Trilde Exhibilioll Complex whcrc I\l1l1l1al ' .Itlar!1cur' Cv .r­ Fxhihilillil W;IS held. w

~ 7 '/' ("l ~ --J ANNEX-8

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;,. 'Z. 'Z. Perbaikan lingkungan di Gang Ciguriano (1931). Wqfah Frt!tastraat nan anggun, setelah dtmodern i..'o; wi. t"l ~, -.a - Improvement of hOll sÎn g environment in 1930' s in Native (Ien) and European (right) hOllsÎng arcas. "'

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, bra.ndqanqs' can oe Vl.ewed as elements as weIl. By looking ' at roads as a roads element, a kind of 'islands' are {oraed. In the wbole area appears as a juxtapositio n o r: mosaic THE 'GARDEN-CITY' 04 'ISLANDS' AND PLOT LAYOUT 05

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t. ------• ~~-? I U ...J I I .. .~ /;! C i ~=- i Ti\c m~dlum-51zed h~ U 5~5 a / - ! J ;_~ . ';. - '. t - .. ----~...... ~poJ.. can he seen as ~ö con515t of a maln buil­ !' _ ~-=H---!~~: . -"- .. ~ consistinq ot: the outer 'encircling' o r 'ring' segm.p...nt ding and a 'pavl111on'. and. the enclo.sed. or inner segment. The enclosed area can A kInd of lnller-court 15 - -_::-...... :-. '. ._- ; turther be vieved. as consistinq ot: three cluste..t:s. Ja.lan at the back 51de. Tirtayasa creates an intermedia te space through which the wo inner ~,...-t-C' ...... '-____ _ MEDIUM 'VILLA' HOUSES 08 GEMPOL AND SURROUNDINGS 09

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THE &ATE ~U1LV1NI1

H\E 5QUI'II'J: A view Of A 1'.01'10

® Is an enclo5ed cODpound, behind the villa hou~es vith prlnclp.ally one .. In entrance frog, . Jalan There V~5 a qate bul1dlnQ at the entrance NtW HOUseS OCC~py THE A i"IE W HOU~E AfPEARS site of toda~p.s~r vas an - open ~quare vlth WHOlE WIDT>1 OF "!HE PlOTS LIKE A ' ViOlEHT'ltfT!RI)l'IlON on lts cornea :the trt!e:s still exist todayJ.

HOUSES OF OUTER GEHPOL 10 GElfi>OL: THE ORIGINAL PLAN II

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The m05t inner 9couP fora the very ba~e of the hlerchlcal 5cale the vhole Europee3che FOU~ UNITS Zakenvljk~ Ta reach 5uch an inner group one viII have to 90 throuqh .n elaborated h l er~rchlcal ~~Quen c c . Or 191n~ 1 1 y ~ group ot rather loose bul1dlnqs; lt 15 v rrt I'rll,r . Ir----cc= ------

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J\J ),otoPtL.r.t> ~ ---1 - ~_~~":-11t-----\""IJ~'9t1i~:a-=::14' f U""fl\. FLOOI't. r: c. OtHllnou WHtH SV"'t"tYO ~ IN 1.47 H.>L q::P=4 "'I 1I t-· · ~,--.1<> I ---'f U,,,!'­ t--- 5.00-----1 HOOk 6"",,~. Roo..

' - "" ' " . .. ,. ~. : ,." . . ~: :. .-:":-=: - .: ' . ~.:. ':~ :>'::: ~ Th1s l~ transfocaed I1 Ge.pol. A nev type (relatlvely) tvo floors vlth a slmple saddle orlg1nal for_. Hany of them have roof seems to be a favour1ta type been transformed or demollshed, to replace the old hou~es. It laced bv n~v ~v n ~~ of houses . almost fully fio~ one slde SINGLE HOUSE 14 COUPLED HOUSES 15

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PWflllNG UNll 2 (EllENDEO) I'WELLIN6 UNIT

The Jlalî1 structure!5 of all of the Quadrupled house~ nov still reDal~ They have been exten~ed tovard~ the front and the side up to the edqes of their lot~ . have A3 such .lleys bounded directly extended to the front and to by vall!! have been for.ed. back. ROoG~ in the ~lddle are dark and badly ventl1ated . QUADRUPLED HOUSES 16 ROW HOUSES 17

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~ORIZONTA~ EXTFN510o/

VERTICAl EXTENSION & ~Ec.oNSHUCTION

Two .odes of. horizontal and The horizontal extension: inside or/and outside the A ~.. ot aUCC1vls1on .hown here 1s a house parcel.. The vertical ex­ subdivlded lnto three parts; each pa~ has an accessis tension: on the originally ~ro. different alleys. Another example is a case in open back yard or . totally wbicb the owner sold one room o! his house te the reconstructed .. next400r tamily. These can in tact raise a design issue. EXTEHSlONS: horizontal & verticall17 SUBDIVISIONS 18

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- -- -- ~ -- -- - ANNEX-IO JltslO/ïcol SkC IS of !Jlllllblllg SefllemC'1I1

A long time ago, thc ancie.nt land of Sl!nda was ruled by a king and a queen wh o had a single dall ~ hlcr. O'ly" ng Sumbi . She was beautiful but also pampcred and spoiled . One day she was weav in g, she bec3m c !noody and distrached , which caused her to keep dropping her shullie 0 /1 lhe noor. Once wh en it fel! she exclaimed she would marry an)' man who gave it back 10 her, and consieder any woman as her 0\\'11 sister. At that very moment, her dog Tumang, a domidog possessing magie powers, carne up to her with shuttle in his Illouth. Dayang Sumber was very suprised about it, bUl she had ra keep her word . She had to marry him .

Later on after marriage, they live happily together, and Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a babby boy. Tumang is appearance but endowed with his father's magie powers. She named him Sangkuriang. As the boy grew up, he was always guarded by faithfull dog TuaOlng, Sangkuriang became handsome and brave.

One day, Dayang Sumbi asked Sangkuriang to go hunting with the dog bring her venison for a feast. Afetr hunting all day withoUl success, Sangkuriang worried about fating his mother with empty handed. Desperate, he taak on arrowand shoot the dog. He retumed home and handed over tlte meat to his pleased mother. .

Soon after the feast, however, Dayang Sumbi questioned her son the absence of Tumang. At first he avoided her querries but finally told her what had happened. Dayang Sumbi was horrified and struck her son's head sa hard sa that he collapsed. For that, the old king banished his daughter from !he court and she was made to raam around the kingdom. Sangkuriang recovered with a large scare and he toa left the court 10 wand er about the world.

Years later, Sangkuriang met a beautiful woman and instanly fet( in love with her, which actualy Dayang Sumbi, and asked to marry. One day befare !he wedding, as .,he was caressing her flance's hair, Dayang Sumbi the scare on the Itead that she realized she had been in love with her own son. HOlTor stcuck, for she was about to marry her own son Sangkuriang. Without revealling the who Ie tru!h 10 him, she tried unsuccessfully try to "ersuade him to forget the marriage or even just to postpone.

As 't was refused, she set !he conditions !hat she thougbt imposible to meet, Sangkuriang had to make a lake that filled the who Ie valley and build a baat for the coup Ie to sail in, all befare sun rise. She said, "My beJoved frielld , tommorow is our wedding day if you truly love as much as you say, the fulfill my wi sh want to celebrate the wedding on a boat, a proa. Tomorrow morning at daybreak, I want to sail with you on a great lake, and our celebration must be adomed until a banquet on board".

Sangkuriang wa, embrassed, but he was not willing to refuse. He begged the help oftile 'dewatas' helpfui spirits. With landslides, the dewatas dammed the river Citarum that flowed through the plain of Bandung. The water of the river rose and filled the plain changing it ioto a lake. A big tree was cut and a proa constructed, while other dewatas prepare the wedding banquet.

Early in the moming the queen saw that the imposible would realized soon. Then she prayed to Brama, th e mighty god, \0 help her preveIlt the disgrace cf marriage berween a mother and a son .

Brama woke up roosters 10 crow, and. destrOyt:d th e dam and water ofthe lake streamed away with such a force th at Ihe proa capsized. Sangkuriang was drawned. And the in her angry threw herself on th e capsized baat, breaking throu gh the huil, and al50 drowned .

Now the vast plain of Bandung is ltanked on its nortside by capsized of the vulcanic Tangkuban Perahu. The queen 's jumps aga ist the huil af the ship is the Kawah RalU , [he 'crater of tbe queen'. The hot fumaroles aod tremors in the crater bespeak the sad mother st ill sobbing. East of MI. Tangkuban Perahu rises th e Bukit Tunggul (th e trunk mountain), the runk of the tree from which the proa was made, and west of it we find Mt. Burangrang, the erown of leaves.

JFS for TCTP HOll sin g. '98