Analysis and Identification of Bite Marks in Forensic Casework
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The Hands to Say It
Issue 91, February 2008 www.proteinspotlight.org The hands to say it Vivienne Baillie Gerritsen When I was a little girl, I thought that my left-handed classmates were special. I envied their difference. And I used to marvel at the way they crouched over their desk, embracing something invisible as they did their best to avoid smudging ink all over their sheet of paper. Left-handedness is special. But so is right-handedness. Humans are not the only animals to make use of their hands – or claws, or paws, or hooves - but they are the only ones who show a marked preference for either the left one, or the right one. If this is so, there must be a reason for it. And not only must there be a reason but it must translate a certain structure of our brain: an asymmetry somewhere. Indeed, our brain is divided into two hemispheres which are dedicated to processing different activities. One side looks after our dreams, while the other is far more down to earth. LRRTM1 is the first protein to have been discovered which seems to be directly involved in this brain asymmetry. Consequently, it influences the handedness of a human-being and, more astonishingly, may also predispose individuals to psychotic troubles such as schizophrenia. don’t have a distinct preference for one hand over the other. The passing of roles from hand to mind expresses a particular brain structure. In turn, the progressive use of speech has continued to mould our brain into a shape peculiar to the human species. -
Psichologijos Žodynas Dictionary of Psychology
ANGLŲ–LIETUVIŲ KALBŲ PSICHOLOGIJOS ŽODYNAS ENGLISH–LITHUANIAN DICTIONARY OF PSYCHOLOGY VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETAS Albinas Bagdonas Eglė Rimkutė ANGLŲ–LIETUVIŲ KALBŲ PSICHOLOGIJOS ŽODYNAS Apie 17 000 žodžių ENGLISH–LITHUANIAN DICTIONARY OF PSYCHOLOGY About 17 000 words VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO LEIDYKLA VILNIUS 2013 UDK 159.9(038) Ba-119 Apsvarstė ir rekomendavo išleisti Vilniaus universiteto Filosofijos fakulteto taryba (2013 m. kovo 6 d.; protokolas Nr. 2) RECENZENTAI: prof. Audronė LINIAUSKAITĖ Klaipėdos universitetas doc. Dalia NASVYTIENĖ Lietuvos edukologijos universitetas TERMINOLOGIJOS KONSULTANTĖ dr. Palmira ZEMLEVIČIŪTĖ REDAKCINĖ KOMISIJA: Albinas BAGDONAS Vida JAKUTIENĖ Birutė POCIŪTĖ Gintautas VALICKAS Žodynas parengtas įgyvendinant Europos socialinio fondo remiamą projektą „Pripažįstamos kvalifikacijos neturinčių psichologų tikslinis perkvalifikavimas pagal Vilniaus universiteto bakalauro ir magistro studijų programas – VUPSIS“ (2011 m. rugsėjo 29 d. sutartis Nr. VP1-2.3.- ŠMM-04-V-02-001/Pars-13700-2068). Pirminis žodyno variantas (1999–2010 m.) rengtas Vilniaus universiteto Specialiosios psichologijos laboratorijos lėšomis. ISBN 978-609-459-226-3 © Albinas Bagdonas, 2013 © Eglė Rimkutė, 2013 © VU Specialiosios psichologijos laboratorija, 2013 © Vilniaus universitetas, 2013 PRATARMĖ Sparčiai plėtojantis globalizacijos proce- atvejus, kai jų vertimas į lietuvių kalbą gali sams, informacinėms technologijoms, ne- kelti sunkumų), tik tam tikroms socialinėms išvengiamai didėja ir anglų kalbos, kaip ir etninėms grupėms būdingų žodžių, slengo, -
Endogenous Sirnas and Noncoding RNA-Derived Small Rnas Are Expressed in Adult Mouse Hippocampus and Are Up-Regulated in Olfactory Discrimination Training
Downloaded from rnajournal.cshlp.org on September 27, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Endogenous siRNAs and noncoding RNA-derived small RNAs are expressed in adult mouse hippocampus and are up-regulated in olfactory discrimination training NEIL R. SMALHEISER,1 GIOVANNI LUGLI,1 JYOTHI THIMMAPURAM,2 EDWIN H. COOK,1 and JOHN LARSON1 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA 2W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA ABSTRACT We previously proposed that endogenous siRNAs may regulate synaptic plasticity and long-term gene expression in the mammalian brain. Here, a hippocampal-dependent task was employed in which adult mice were trained to execute a nose-poke in a port containing one of two simultaneously present odors in order to obtain a reward. Mice demonstrating olfactory discrimination training were compared to pseudo-training and nose-poke control groups; size-selected hippocampal RNA was subjected to Illumina deep sequencing. Sequences that aligned uniquely and exactly to the genome without uncertain nucleotide assignments, within exons or introns of MGI annotated genes, were examined further. The data confirm that small RNAs having features of endogenous siRNAs are expressed in brain; that many of them derive from genes that regulate synaptic plasticity (and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases); and that hairpin-derived endo-siRNAs and the 20- to 23-nt size class of small RNAs show a significant increase during an early stage of training. The most abundant putative siRNAs arose from an intronic inverted repeat within the SynGAP1 locus; this inverted repeat was a substrate for dicer in vitro, and SynGAP1 siRNA was specifically associated with Argonaute proteins in vivo. -
The Neurobiology of Reading Differs for Deaf and Hearing Adults Karen
The Neurobiology of Reading Differs for Deaf and Hearing Adults Karen Emmorey Please cite as: Emmorey, K. (2020). The neurobiology of reading differs for deaf and hearing adults. In M. Marschark and H. Knoors (Eds). Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Learning and Cognition, pp. 347–359, Oxford University Press. Running head: The neurobiology of reading Karen Emmorey Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200 San Diego, CA 92120 USA [email protected] Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (DC014246) and grants from the National Science Foundation (BCS-1651372; BCS-1756403). The neurobiology of reading 2 Abstract Recent neuroimaging and electrophysiological evidence reveal how the reading system successfully adapts when phonological codes are relatively coarse-grained due to reduced auditory input during development. New evidence suggests that the optimal end-state for the reading system may differ for deaf versus hearing adults and indicates that certain neural patterns that are maladaptive for hearing readers may be beneficial for deaf readers. This chapter focuses on deaf adults who are signers and have achieved reading success. Although the left-hemisphere dominant reading circuit is largely similar, skilled deaf readers exhibit a more bilateral neural response to written words and sentences compared to their hearing peers, as measured by event- related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Skilled deaf readers may also rely more on neural regions involved in semantic processing compared to hearing readers. Overall, emerging evidence indicates that the neural markers for reading skill may differ for deaf and hearing adults. -
A Large-Scale Estimate on the Relationship Between Language And
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A large‑scale estimate on the relationship between language and motor lateralization Julian Packheiser1*, Judith Schmitz2, Larissa Arning3, Christian Beste4, Onur Güntürkün1 & Sebastian Ocklenburg1,5 Human language is dominantly processed in the left cerebral hemisphere in most of the population. While several studies have suggested that there are higher rates of atypical right‑hemispheric language lateralization in left‑/mixed‑handers, an accurate estimate of this association from a large sample is still missing. In this study, we comprised data from 1,554 individuals sampled in three previous studies in which language lateralization measured via dichotic listening, handedness and footedness were assessed. Overall, we found a right ear advantage indicating typical left‑hemispheric language lateralization in 82.1% of the participants. While we found signifcantly more left‑handed individuals with atypical language lateralization on the categorical level, we only detected a very weak positive correlation between dichotic listening lateralization quotients (LQs) and handedness LQs using continuous measures. Here, only 0.4% of the variance in language lateralization were explained by handedness. We complemented these analyses with Bayesian statistics and found no evidence in favor of the hypothesis that language lateralization and handedness are related. Footedness LQs were not correlated with dichotic listening LQs, but individuals with atypical language lateralization also exhibited higher rates of atypical footedness on the categorical level. We also found diferences in the extent of language lateralization between males and females with males exhibiting higher dichotic listening LQs indicating more left‑hemispheric language processing. Overall, these fndings indicate that the direct associations between language lateralization and motor asymmetries are much weaker than previously assumed with Bayesian correlation analyses even suggesting that they do not exist at all. -
Downregulation of Glial Genes Involved in Synaptic Function
RESEARCH ARTICLE Downregulation of glial genes involved in synaptic function mitigates Huntington’s disease pathogenesis Tarik Seref Onur1,2,3†, Andrew Laitman2,4,5†, He Zhao2, Ryan Keyho2, Hyemin Kim2, Jennifer Wang2, Megan Mair1,2,3, Huilan Wang6, Lifang Li1,2, Alma Perez2, Maria de Haro1,2, Ying-Wooi Wan2, Genevera Allen2,7, Boxun Lu6, Ismael Al-Ramahi1,2, Zhandong Liu2,4,5, Juan Botas1,2,3,4* 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 2Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, United States; 3Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 4Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 5Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 6State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; 7Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Statistics and Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, United States Abstract Most research on neurodegenerative diseases has focused on neurons, yet glia help form and maintain the synapses whose loss is so prominent in these conditions. To investigate the contributions of glia to Huntington’s disease (HD), we profiled the gene expression alterations of *For correspondence: Drosophila expressing human mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) in either glia or neurons and compared [email protected] these changes to what is observed in HD human and HD mice striata. A large portion of conserved genes are concordantly dysregulated across the three species; we tested these genes in a high- †These authors contributed throughput behavioral assay and found that downregulation of genes involved in synapse assembly equally to this work mitigated pathogenesis and behavioral deficits. -
Polygenic Scores for Handedness and Their Association with Asymmetries in Brain Structure
Polygenic scores for handedness and their association with asymmetries in brain structure Sebastian Ocklenburg ( [email protected] ) Ruhr-Universitat Bochum https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-3200 Dorothea Metzen Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Caroline Schlüter Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Christoph Fraenz IfADo: Leibniz-Institut fur Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund Larissa Arning Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Fabian Streit Central Institute of Mental Health: Zentralinstitut fur Seelische Gesundheit Onur Güntürkün Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Robert Kumsta Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Erhan Genc IfADo: Leibniz-Institut fur Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund Research Article Keywords: Handedness, laterality, hemispheric asymmetry, polygenic scores, genetics, motor Posted Date: March 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-350445/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Brain Structure and Function on July 8th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02335-3. Page 1/23 Abstract Handedness is the most widely investigated motor preference in humans. The genetics of handedness and especially the link between genetic variation, brain structure and right-left preference have not been investigated in detail. Recently, several well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on handedness have been published, signicantly advancing the understanding of the genetic determinants of left- and right-handedness. In the present study, we estimated polygenic scores (PGS) of handedness based on the latest GWAS by de Kovel and Francks (2019) in an independent validation cohort (n = 296). -
Handedness and Laterality: Relations to General and Creative Intelligences
Handedness and Laterality: Relations to General and Creative Intelligences. Meghan Tuohy 10339410 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Higher Diploma in Arts in Psychology (HDPSYAG) at DBS School of Arts, Dublin. Supervisor: Dr Lucie Corcoran Head of Department: Dr S. Eccles March 2018 Department of Psychology DBS School of Arts 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………4 Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………..5 Chapter: 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………….......6 1.1 General Introduction…………………………………………………………...6 1.2 Right and Left Handedness…..………………………………………………..8 1.3 Strength of Handedness.....……………………………………………………12 1.4 Intelligence………………………………….……………………………….....12 1.5 Rationale of the Study…………………………………………………………13 1.6 Hypotheses………………………………..……………………………………16 Chapter 2: Methods……………………………………………………………………… 17 2.1 Participants…………………………………………………………………... 17 2.2 Design………………………………………………………………………… 17 2.3 Materials……………………………………………………………………… 19 2.3.1 New Non-Reading Intelligence Test (NNRIT)………………….19 2.3.2 Laterality Preference Questionnaire (LPQ)…………………..20 2.3.3 Wallas and Kogans’s Assessment of Creativity………………21 2.4 Procedure…………………………………………………………………… 22 2.5 Data Analysis………………………………………………………………. 23 Chapter 3: Results……………………………………………………………………... 24 3 3.1 Hypotheses 1 and 2 …………………………………………………….… 24 3.2 Hypothesis 3 ……………………………………………………………… 25 3.3 Hypothesis 4………………………………………………………………. 27 3.4 Other Relevant Findings………………………………………………… 30 Chapter 4: Discussion………………………………………………………………. -
Left -Handedness Laterality Characteristics and Their
LEFT -HANDEDNESS LATERALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS by Margaret MacDonald Clark, M.A., Ed.B. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy University of Glasgow 1953 ProQuest Number: 13838552 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13838552 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ii PREFACE Lack of knowledge concerning left-handedness springs from the multiplicity of studies and contradictory nature of the findings on the various aspects of laterality, father than any insufficiency of material on the subject. The absence of any single authoritative work and extensiveness of existing material make necessary for a full appreciation of the problem a study more prolonged than the average interested person is willing or able to make. The present work, presenting as it does both an attempt at critical evaluation of previous investigations and an original study of laterality characteristics in a group of normal children, will it is hoped satisfy a need for a comprehensive report on the subject. The practical problems confronting teachers and parents dealing with left-handed children have been kept in the forefront through out, in the hope that the information contained herein may make some contribution towards a better understanding of left-handedness and may even lead to a more tolerant attitude towards the * sinister minority*, to which the author herself belongs. -
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 48 Common Genetic Variants Associated with Handedness
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/831321; this version posted November 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Genome-wide association study identifies 48 common genetic variants associated with handedness. Gabriel Cuellar Partida1, Joyce Y Tung2, Nicholas Eriksson2, Eva Albrecht3, Fazil Aliev4, Ole A Andreassen5,6, Inês Barroso7,8,9, Jacques S Beckmann10, Marco P Boks11, Dorret I Boomsma12,13, Heather A Boyd14, Monique MB Breteler15, Harry Campbell16, Daniel I Chasman17,18, Lynn F Cherkas19, Gail Davies20,21, Eco JC de Geus12,13, Ian J Deary20,21, Panos Deloukas22, Danielle M Dick23, David L Duffy24, Johan G Eriksson25,26, Tõnu Esko27,28, Bjarke Feenstra14, Frank Geller14, Christian Gieger29,30, Ina Giegling31, Scott D Gordon24, Jiali Han32,33, Thomas F Hansen34,35, Annette M Hartmann31, Caroline Hayward36, Kauko Heikkilä37, Andrew A Hicks38, Joel N Hirschhorn39,40,41, Jouke-Jan Hottenga12,13, Jennifer E Huffman36, Liang-Dar Hwang1, Mohammad A Ikram42, Jaakko Kaprio43,44, John P Kemp1,45, Kay-Tee Khaw46, Norman Klopp47, Bettina Konte31, Zoltan Kutalik48,49, Jari Lahti50,51, Xin Li32,33, Ruth JF Loos8,52,53, Michelle Luciano20,21, Sigurdur H Magnusson54, Massimo Mangino19, Pedro Marques-Vidal55, Nicholas G Martin24, Wendy L McArdle56, Mark I McCarthy57,58,59†, Carolina Medina-Gomez42,60, Mads Melbye14,61,62, Scott A -
Impact of Early Deafness and Early Exposure to Sign Language on the Cerebral Organization for Motion Processing
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 15, 2001, 21(22):8931–8942 Impact of Early Deafness and Early Exposure to Sign Language on the Cerebral Organization for Motion Processing Daphne Bavelier,1 Craig Brozinsky,1 Andrea Tomann,1 Teresa Mitchell,2 Helen Neville,2 and Guoying Liu3 1Brain and Cognitive Sciences Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0268, 2Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1227, and 3Georgetown Institute for Cognitive and Computational Sciences, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007 This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated leads to a greater reliance on the left MT–MST. Second, the impact of early auditory deprivation and/or use of a visuo- whereas the two hearing populations displayed more MT–MST spatial language [American sign language (ASL)] on the orga- activation under central than peripheral attention, the opposite nization of neural systems important in visual motion process- pattern was observed in deaf signers, indicating enhanced ing by comparing hearing controls with deaf and hearing native recruitment of MT–MST during peripheral attention after early signers. Participants monitored moving flowfields under differ- deafness. Third, deaf signers, but neither of the hearing popu- ent conditions of spatial and featural attention. Recruitment of lations, displayed increased activation of the posterior parietal the motion-selective area MT–MST in hearing controls was cortex, supporting the view that parietal functions are modified observed to be greater when attention was directed centrally after early auditory deprivation. Finally, only in deaf signers did and when the task was to detect motion features, confirming attention to motion result in enhanced recruitment of the pos- previous reports that the motion network is selectively modu- terior superior temporal sulcus, establishing for the first time in lated by different aspects of attention. -
Laterality and Performance in Combat Sports
REVIEW ARTICLE Laterality and performance in combat sports 1ABCD 1ABCD 2BD Authors’ Contribution: Xurxo Dopico-Calvo , Eliseo Iglesias-Soler , Luis Morenilla , A Study Design Manuel A Giráldez1BD, Luis Santos3BD, Antonio Ardá4BD B Data Collection C Statistical Analysis 1 Performance and Health Group (PH-G), Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Facultade de Ciencias do D Manuscript Preparation Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain E Funds Collection 2 Grupo de aprendizaxe e control do movemento humano en actividade física e deporte (ACoM), Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain 3 University School of Sports Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain 4 Unidade de Análise e avaliación das capacidade motrices e conductuais no deporte. Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain Received: 29 October 2016; Accepted: 25 April 2016; Published online: 30 June 2016 AoBID: 11230 Abstract Literature has shown a relationship between laterality and an over-representation of left-handed athletes in certain sports, and especially in sports one against one, such as judo, tennis, boxing or fencing; the main ex- planation has been attributed to greater chance of success. Some authors have explained it through a genetic or innate superiority hypothesis, however others defend the strategic advantage hypothesis. The study aim is an overview about laterality, sporting success, over-representation of left-dominant athletes executing techniques, and the possibility of modulating that over-representation through training and based on negative frequency-dependent selection hypothesis, given that in sports such as fencing, boxing or judo, tacti- cal designs and training actions have been developed based on the opponent’s predominant side while execut- ing skills.