A Large-Scale Estimate on the Relationship Between Language And
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Analysis and Identification of Bite Marks in Forensic Casework
ORIGINAL | http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/1994-8220.1000102 J Psychiatry 2014;17:475-482 Handedness in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder in an afrikaner founder population RH Mataboge¹*, M Joubert¹, JC Jordaan², F Reyneke2, JL Roos1 ¹University of Pretoria, Department of Psychiatry, Pretoria, South Africa ²University of Pretoria, Department of Statistics, Pretoria, South Africa Abstract Objective: An association between the Leucine-rich repeat trans membrane neuronal 1 gene (LRRTM1), schizophrenia/ schizoaffective disorder and handedness was recently claimed to be established. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that Afrikaner patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder are more non-right handed than their non-affected first- degree relatives and that of two separate control groups. The association between handedness, gender and age at onset of illness in the patients group was also determined. Method: Two cross-sectional studies were carried out, which compared the handedness of a group of 100 (30 females and 70 males) Afrikaner patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder, their non-affected first-degree relatives, and two separate control groups. Handedness was determined by the Edinburg Handedness Inventory (EHI). Results: Patients were found to be more right-handed than expected with only 17 out of 100 being non-right-handed compared to 11 out of 100 non-affected relatives; 36 out of 100 students and 75 out of 500 non- affected Afrikaner participants. The students were significantly more non-right handed than the patient and family groups but no difference in handedness was found when comparing the patients, family members and 500 participant control group. There was no significant difference between age at onset of illness and handedness. -
The Hands to Say It
Issue 91, February 2008 www.proteinspotlight.org The hands to say it Vivienne Baillie Gerritsen When I was a little girl, I thought that my left-handed classmates were special. I envied their difference. And I used to marvel at the way they crouched over their desk, embracing something invisible as they did their best to avoid smudging ink all over their sheet of paper. Left-handedness is special. But so is right-handedness. Humans are not the only animals to make use of their hands – or claws, or paws, or hooves - but they are the only ones who show a marked preference for either the left one, or the right one. If this is so, there must be a reason for it. And not only must there be a reason but it must translate a certain structure of our brain: an asymmetry somewhere. Indeed, our brain is divided into two hemispheres which are dedicated to processing different activities. One side looks after our dreams, while the other is far more down to earth. LRRTM1 is the first protein to have been discovered which seems to be directly involved in this brain asymmetry. Consequently, it influences the handedness of a human-being and, more astonishingly, may also predispose individuals to psychotic troubles such as schizophrenia. don’t have a distinct preference for one hand over the other. The passing of roles from hand to mind expresses a particular brain structure. In turn, the progressive use of speech has continued to mould our brain into a shape peculiar to the human species. -
Endogenous Sirnas and Noncoding RNA-Derived Small Rnas Are Expressed in Adult Mouse Hippocampus and Are Up-Regulated in Olfactory Discrimination Training
Downloaded from rnajournal.cshlp.org on September 27, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Endogenous siRNAs and noncoding RNA-derived small RNAs are expressed in adult mouse hippocampus and are up-regulated in olfactory discrimination training NEIL R. SMALHEISER,1 GIOVANNI LUGLI,1 JYOTHI THIMMAPURAM,2 EDWIN H. COOK,1 and JOHN LARSON1 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA 2W.M. Keck Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA ABSTRACT We previously proposed that endogenous siRNAs may regulate synaptic plasticity and long-term gene expression in the mammalian brain. Here, a hippocampal-dependent task was employed in which adult mice were trained to execute a nose-poke in a port containing one of two simultaneously present odors in order to obtain a reward. Mice demonstrating olfactory discrimination training were compared to pseudo-training and nose-poke control groups; size-selected hippocampal RNA was subjected to Illumina deep sequencing. Sequences that aligned uniquely and exactly to the genome without uncertain nucleotide assignments, within exons or introns of MGI annotated genes, were examined further. The data confirm that small RNAs having features of endogenous siRNAs are expressed in brain; that many of them derive from genes that regulate synaptic plasticity (and have been implicated in neuropsychiatric diseases); and that hairpin-derived endo-siRNAs and the 20- to 23-nt size class of small RNAs show a significant increase during an early stage of training. The most abundant putative siRNAs arose from an intronic inverted repeat within the SynGAP1 locus; this inverted repeat was a substrate for dicer in vitro, and SynGAP1 siRNA was specifically associated with Argonaute proteins in vivo. -
Downregulation of Glial Genes Involved in Synaptic Function
RESEARCH ARTICLE Downregulation of glial genes involved in synaptic function mitigates Huntington’s disease pathogenesis Tarik Seref Onur1,2,3†, Andrew Laitman2,4,5†, He Zhao2, Ryan Keyho2, Hyemin Kim2, Jennifer Wang2, Megan Mair1,2,3, Huilan Wang6, Lifang Li1,2, Alma Perez2, Maria de Haro1,2, Ying-Wooi Wan2, Genevera Allen2,7, Boxun Lu6, Ismael Al-Ramahi1,2, Zhandong Liu2,4,5, Juan Botas1,2,3,4* 1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 2Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, United States; 3Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 4Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 5Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States; 6State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; 7Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Statistics and Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, United States Abstract Most research on neurodegenerative diseases has focused on neurons, yet glia help form and maintain the synapses whose loss is so prominent in these conditions. To investigate the contributions of glia to Huntington’s disease (HD), we profiled the gene expression alterations of *For correspondence: Drosophila expressing human mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) in either glia or neurons and compared [email protected] these changes to what is observed in HD human and HD mice striata. A large portion of conserved genes are concordantly dysregulated across the three species; we tested these genes in a high- †These authors contributed throughput behavioral assay and found that downregulation of genes involved in synapse assembly equally to this work mitigated pathogenesis and behavioral deficits. -
Polygenic Scores for Handedness and Their Association with Asymmetries in Brain Structure
Polygenic scores for handedness and their association with asymmetries in brain structure Sebastian Ocklenburg ( [email protected] ) Ruhr-Universitat Bochum https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5882-3200 Dorothea Metzen Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Caroline Schlüter Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Christoph Fraenz IfADo: Leibniz-Institut fur Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund Larissa Arning Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Fabian Streit Central Institute of Mental Health: Zentralinstitut fur Seelische Gesundheit Onur Güntürkün Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Robert Kumsta Ruhr University Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Erhan Genc IfADo: Leibniz-Institut fur Arbeitsforschung an der TU Dortmund Research Article Keywords: Handedness, laterality, hemispheric asymmetry, polygenic scores, genetics, motor Posted Date: March 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-350445/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Brain Structure and Function on July 8th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-021-02335-3. Page 1/23 Abstract Handedness is the most widely investigated motor preference in humans. The genetics of handedness and especially the link between genetic variation, brain structure and right-left preference have not been investigated in detail. Recently, several well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on handedness have been published, signicantly advancing the understanding of the genetic determinants of left- and right-handedness. In the present study, we estimated polygenic scores (PGS) of handedness based on the latest GWAS by de Kovel and Francks (2019) in an independent validation cohort (n = 296). -
Left -Handedness Laterality Characteristics and Their
LEFT -HANDEDNESS LATERALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS by Margaret MacDonald Clark, M.A., Ed.B. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy University of Glasgow 1953 ProQuest Number: 13838552 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13838552 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ii PREFACE Lack of knowledge concerning left-handedness springs from the multiplicity of studies and contradictory nature of the findings on the various aspects of laterality, father than any insufficiency of material on the subject. The absence of any single authoritative work and extensiveness of existing material make necessary for a full appreciation of the problem a study more prolonged than the average interested person is willing or able to make. The present work, presenting as it does both an attempt at critical evaluation of previous investigations and an original study of laterality characteristics in a group of normal children, will it is hoped satisfy a need for a comprehensive report on the subject. The practical problems confronting teachers and parents dealing with left-handed children have been kept in the forefront through out, in the hope that the information contained herein may make some contribution towards a better understanding of left-handedness and may even lead to a more tolerant attitude towards the * sinister minority*, to which the author herself belongs. -
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 48 Common Genetic Variants Associated with Handedness
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/831321; this version posted November 18, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Genome-wide association study identifies 48 common genetic variants associated with handedness. Gabriel Cuellar Partida1, Joyce Y Tung2, Nicholas Eriksson2, Eva Albrecht3, Fazil Aliev4, Ole A Andreassen5,6, Inês Barroso7,8,9, Jacques S Beckmann10, Marco P Boks11, Dorret I Boomsma12,13, Heather A Boyd14, Monique MB Breteler15, Harry Campbell16, Daniel I Chasman17,18, Lynn F Cherkas19, Gail Davies20,21, Eco JC de Geus12,13, Ian J Deary20,21, Panos Deloukas22, Danielle M Dick23, David L Duffy24, Johan G Eriksson25,26, Tõnu Esko27,28, Bjarke Feenstra14, Frank Geller14, Christian Gieger29,30, Ina Giegling31, Scott D Gordon24, Jiali Han32,33, Thomas F Hansen34,35, Annette M Hartmann31, Caroline Hayward36, Kauko Heikkilä37, Andrew A Hicks38, Joel N Hirschhorn39,40,41, Jouke-Jan Hottenga12,13, Jennifer E Huffman36, Liang-Dar Hwang1, Mohammad A Ikram42, Jaakko Kaprio43,44, John P Kemp1,45, Kay-Tee Khaw46, Norman Klopp47, Bettina Konte31, Zoltan Kutalik48,49, Jari Lahti50,51, Xin Li32,33, Ruth JF Loos8,52,53, Michelle Luciano20,21, Sigurdur H Magnusson54, Massimo Mangino19, Pedro Marques-Vidal55, Nicholas G Martin24, Wendy L McArdle56, Mark I McCarthy57,58,59†, Carolina Medina-Gomez42,60, Mads Melbye14,61,62, Scott A -
Laterality and Performance in Combat Sports
REVIEW ARTICLE Laterality and performance in combat sports 1ABCD 1ABCD 2BD Authors’ Contribution: Xurxo Dopico-Calvo , Eliseo Iglesias-Soler , Luis Morenilla , A Study Design Manuel A Giráldez1BD, Luis Santos3BD, Antonio Ardá4BD B Data Collection C Statistical Analysis 1 Performance and Health Group (PH-G), Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Facultade de Ciencias do D Manuscript Preparation Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain E Funds Collection 2 Grupo de aprendizaxe e control do movemento humano en actividade física e deporte (ACoM), Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain 3 University School of Sports Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain 4 Unidade de Análise e avaliación das capacidade motrices e conductuais no deporte. Departamento de Educación Física e Deportiva, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain Received: 29 October 2016; Accepted: 25 April 2016; Published online: 30 June 2016 AoBID: 11230 Abstract Literature has shown a relationship between laterality and an over-representation of left-handed athletes in certain sports, and especially in sports one against one, such as judo, tennis, boxing or fencing; the main ex- planation has been attributed to greater chance of success. Some authors have explained it through a genetic or innate superiority hypothesis, however others defend the strategic advantage hypothesis. The study aim is an overview about laterality, sporting success, over-representation of left-dominant athletes executing techniques, and the possibility of modulating that over-representation through training and based on negative frequency-dependent selection hypothesis, given that in sports such as fencing, boxing or judo, tacti- cal designs and training actions have been developed based on the opponent’s predominant side while execut- ing skills. -
Blood Meridian Or the Evening Redness in the West Dianne C
European journal of American studies 12-3 | 2017 Special Issue of the European Journal of American Studies: Cormac McCarthy Between Worlds Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/12252 DOI: 10.4000/ejas.12252 ISSN: 1991-9336 Publisher European Association for American Studies Electronic reference European journal of American studies, 12-3 | 2017, “Special Issue of the European Journal of American Studies: Cormac McCarthy Between Worlds” [Online], Online since 27 November 2017, connection on 08 July 2021. URL: https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/12252; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ejas. 12252 This text was automatically generated on 8 July 2021. European Journal of American studies 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: Cormac McCarthy Between Worlds James Dorson, Julius Greve and Markus Wierschem Landscapes as Narrative Commentary in Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian or the Evening Redness in the West Dianne C. Luce The Novel in the Epoch of Social Systems: Or, “Maps of the World in Its Becoming” Mark Seltzer Christ-Haunted: Theology on The Road Christina Bieber Lake On Being Between: Apocalypse, Adaptation, McCarthy Stacey Peebles The Tennis Shoe Army and Leviathan: Relics and Specters of Big Government in The Road Robert Pirro Rugged Resonances: From Music in McCarthy to McCarthian Music Julius Greve and Markus Wierschem Cormac McCarthy and the Genre Turn in Contemporary Literary Fiction James Dorson The Dialectics of Mobility: Capitalism and Apocalypse in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road Simon Schleusener Affect and Gender -
Deletion of LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 in Adult Mice Impairs Basal AMPA Receptor Transmission and LTP in Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Deletion of LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 in adult mice impairs basal AMPA receptor transmission and LTP in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons Mehdi Bhouria,1, Wade Morishitaa,1, Paul Temkina,1, Debanjan Goswamia, Hiroshi Kawabeb, Nils Broseb, Thomas C. Südhofc,d, Ann Marie Craige,f, Tabrez J. Siddiquig,h,2, and Robert Malenkaa,2 aNancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; bDepartment of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; cDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; dHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; eDjavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada; fDepartment of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada; gDepartment of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MC R3E 0J9, Canada; and hNeuroscience Research Program, Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Winnipeg, MC R3E 0Z3, Canada Contributed by Robert Malenka, May 2, 2018 (sent for review February 22, 2018; reviewed by Pablo E. Castillo and Guillermo A. Yudowski) Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane (LRRTM) proteins are synaptic utilized shRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous LRRTMs cell adhesion molecules that influence synapse formation and and/or overexpression of individual recombinant LRRTMs. function. They are genetically associated with neuropsychiatric These approaches, when carefully controlled, are useful for disorders, and via their synaptic actions likely regulate the estab- probing the functions of proteins such as LRRTMs, but also have lishment and function of neural circuits in the mammalian brain. -
Beyond the Genome—Towards an Epigenetic Understanding Of
Progress in Neurobiology 159 (2017) 69–89 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Progress in Neurobiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pneurobio Review article Beyond the genome—Towards an epigenetic understanding of handedness ontogenesis a, b a,c a Judith Schmitz *, Gerlinde A.S. Metz , Onur Güntürkün , Sebastian Ocklenburg a Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department Biopsychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany b Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada c Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received 28 February 2017 Hemispheric asymmetries represent one of the major organizational principles in vertebrate Received in revised form 18 September 2017 neurobiology, but their molecular determinants are not well understood. For handedness, the most Accepted 26 October 2017 widely investigated form of hemispheric asymmetries in humans, single gene explanations have been the Available online 31 October 2017 most popular ontogenetic model in the past. However, molecular genetic studies revealed only few specific genes that explain a small fraction of the phenotypic variance. In contrast, family studies Keywords: indicated heritability of up to 0.66. It has been suggested that the lack of recognizable genetic heritability Lateralization is partly accounted for by heritable epigenetic mechanisms. Based on recent neuroscientific findings Hemispheric asymmetry highlighting the importance of epigenetic mechanisms for brain function and disease, we review recent Functional preference findings describing non-genetic influences on handedness from conception to childhood. -
Modulating Glial Genes Involved in Synaptic Function Mitigates Pathogenesis and Behavioral Deficits in a Drosophila Model Of
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.367326; this version posted November 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Modulating glial genes involved in synaptic function mitigates pathogenesis and behavioral deficits in a 2 Drosophila model of Huntington’s Disease 3 4 Tarik S. Onur1,2,3,+, Andrew Laitman2,4,5,+, He Zhao2, Ryan Keyho2, Hyemin Kim2, Jennifer Wang2, 5 Megan Mair1,2,3, Alma Perez2, Maria de Haro1,2, Huilan Wang6, Ying-Wooi Wan2, Genevera Allen2,7, 6 Boxun Lu6, Ismael Al-Ramahi1,2, Zhandong Liu2,4,5, Juan Botas1,2,3,4,8* 7 8 1 Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 9 2 Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, 10 USA 11 3 Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 12 4 Quantitative & Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 13 5 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 14 6 State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of 15 Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 16 7 Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Statistics and Computer Science, Rice University, 17 Houston, Texas, USA 18 8 Lead Contact 19 * Correspondence: [email protected] 20 + Co-first authors 21 22 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.367326; this version posted November 4, 2020.