The NIC must match the Address/Data Bus of the computer.
ISA
PCI
55 Installing the NIC in the computer.
• NIC installed inside the computer. • Normally plugs into a bus slot. • Some are built right into the motherboard. • Plug-in boards must be configured correctly. 56 NIC Configuration Methods
• Plug-and-Play • EEPROM • Jumper pins
57 Preparing to Install the NIC
• Ensure there is an open bus slot. • Ensure the adapter is compatible. • Ensure there are system resources available. • Ensure all installation items are available. • Ensure all software is available. 58 Installing the NIC Hardware
• Configure the NIC to available resources. • Use a ground strap. • Remove cover from the computer. • Remove rear panel slot cover plate. • Remove card from its antistatic bag and immediately plug it into motherboard.
• Secure card slot cover plate to computer.59 Installing the NIC Software
• Loading the device driver used by the NIC. • Loading any utilities supplied with the NIC.
60 NIC Device Driver
• Supports communication between the NIC and OS. • Automatically installed and configured if both NIC and OS support PnP. • In other cases, driver loaded from floppy or CD supplied with NIC. 61 A more recent device driver may be available at the website of the NIC manufacturer.
62 Troubleshooting the NIC
• Is NIC talking to the motherboard? • Is the NIC working internally? • Is the NIC communicating with the external network?
63 LEDs
Link
Activity
64 Twisted-Pair Cable • UTP—Unshielded Twisted-Pair • STP—Shielded Twisted-Pair
65 Twisted-Pair Cable
Foil Foil Shield Wire Shield Braid Shield
STP UTP STP
66 10BaseT Ethernet uses Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable.
67 RJ-45 Connector
Strain Relief Crimp Contacts
Wires
Latch
68 Twisted-Pair Advantages • UTP is inexpensive. • Workstations isolated from each other by central hub. • Easy to add workstations to segment. • Easier to route than coaxial cable. • Easier to troubleshoot than coaxial cable network.
69 Twisted-Pair Disadvantages • UTP cable is susceptible to RFI/EMI. • Suffers crosstalk between wire pairs. • Poor conductor; attenuates signal more quickly than coax. • Maximum segment length half of coax. • STP cable more expensive than UTP cable or coax.
• Difficult to work with shielding. 70 EIA/TIA Cable Categories
• Category 1—Voice-grade UTP phone • Category 2—Data-grade UTP, 4 Mbps • Category 3—Data-grade UTP, 10 Mbps • Category 4—Data-grade UTP, 16 Mbps • Category 5—Data-grade UTP, 100 Mbps
71 Category 3 Cable
• Common data-grade cable. • Four unshielded twisted-pair wires. • Transmission rates up to 10 Mbps.
• Data-grade cable. • Official transmission rates up to 100 Mbps. • Four unshielded twisted-pair wires.
73 Two Bus Technologies:
• 10Base5 or Thicknet • 10Base2 or Thinnet
74 Coaxial Cable Characteristics
RG-58 Thinnet Cable
Sleeve Wire Braid Dielectric Center Conductor
RG-8 Thicknet Cable Foil 75 Coax Advantages • Resistant to RFI. • Good conductor. • Longer network segments. • Thinnet: easy/inexpensive workstation interconnection. • Thicknet: stronger, more durable than any other network cable.
76 Coax Disadvantages
• Each segment must be terminated. • Break in cable disables entire segment. • Difficult to add workstations to a thinnet segment. • Thicknet: difficult to use, heavy shield braid and foil. • Thicknet: requires special piercing tap
and transceiver. 77 What’s in a name?
• 10Base5 • 10Base2
78 The number on the left is the speed of the LAN.
10 Base 5 Speed in Megabits Per Second
10 Base 2 79 The number on the right is the length of the LAN segment.
10 Base 5 Length of Segment in Hundreds Of Meters 10 Base 2 80 The word in the middle signifies the type of signal.
10 Base 5
Type of Signal
10 Base 2 81 Baseband
Signal 1 Signal 2 Broadband Signal 3 82 RG-8, 10Base5, or Thicknet Cable
RG-58, 10Base2, or Thinnet Cable
83 The RG-58’s lighter shield still provides good protection against electrical noise.
84 Fiber Optic Cables
85 Cable Construction
86 Fiber end-view
87 The Glass Fiber
88 ST connector
89 ST Connector
90 LAN Communication
Copyright © 2005 Heathkit Company, Inc. All rights reserved. LAN Technologies:
• Ethernet • Token Ring • ARCnet • LocalTalk
92 Ethernet • Developed by Xerox in early ’70s. • Has become most popular networking technology in use today. • A variety of speeds and cabling options have evolved. • It is fast, inexpensive, and flexible. • It continues to evolve. • Majority of new networks use Ethernet. 93 Networking is all about sending data from one location to another.
May I have Sure, here Worksheet-101? it is!
PC-1 PC-2
94 The CPU routinely sends data from one place to another. CPU
95 But when multiple computers are involved, a new series of problems arise.
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
96 How do you keep all the computers from transmitting at the same time?
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
97 Is this for me?
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
98 Who sent this?
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
99 Ah, it’s from PC-1. Gee, I wonder if it is correct.
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
100 Here’s the ten gigabyte folder you wanted!
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
101 Large files are broken into manageable chunks called packets. Large File
Packets 102 How do you keep two computers from transmitting at the same time?
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
103 Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
104 Carrier Sense
• Each computer attached to the network examines the cable before transmitting. • If it senses traffic on the cable, it waits until the traffic clears before transmitting.
105 Multiple Access
• All computers on the network have equal access to the cable. • A lowly desktop has the same access as the Windows NT Server. • Access is on a first-come, first-served basis. • The only consideration is: ―Is someone else using the cable?‖ 106 Collisions still happen
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
107 The computers involved in the collision detect the collision. Wow! That’s Wow! That’s not what I not what I said! said!
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
108 The computers involved in the collision back off for a random length of time.
I’ll back off for I’ll try ―y‖ ―x‖Microseconds Microseconds.
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
109 Collisions are a natural characteristic of Ethernet.
PC-1 PC-2 PC-3 PC-4 PC-5
110