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Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed Under the LIFE Programme Country-By-Country Analysis Germany

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Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed Under the LIFE Programme Country-By-Country Analysis Germany Directorate General Environment, Unit E.4. LIFE Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed under the LIFE Programme Country-by-country analysis Germany July 2009 COWI A/S Parallelvej 2 DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark Tel +45 45 97 22 11 Fax +45 45 97 22 12 www.cowi.com Directorate General Environment, Unit E.4. LIFE Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed under the LIFE Programme Country-by-country analysis Germany July 2009 Document no. 7-3 Germany This report has been prepared as a result of an independ- Version 1 ent evaluation by COWI being contracted by the Director- Date of issue July.2009 ate General Environment The views expressed are those of the Consultant Prepared BIM, IL and do not necessarily reflect those of the Euro- Checked BIM, TIH, IL pean Commission. Approved BIM Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities under the LIFE Programme. 1 Country-by-country analysis: Germany Table of Contents 1 Executive summary 2 2 Introduction 2 3 Environmental policy overview 2 4 Overview of LIFE projects in Germany 3 5 Effects of projects implemented 4 5.1 Results and impacts for Nature projects 4 5.2 Results and impacts for Environment projects 5 6 The effectiveness of projects 5 7 The sustainability of projects 6 8 The utility of projects 7 Table of Appendices Appendix 1 Comprehensive overview of LIFE Projects in Germany Appendix 2 Summary tables on LIFE Environment projects in Germany Appendix 3 Summary tables on LIFE Nature projects in Germany O:\A000000\A001146\Final Report for PDF\Country reports\CS_Invidual Rep_Germany.DOC . Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities under the LIFE Programme. 2 Country-by-country analysis: Germany 1 Executive summary In total, 176 projects were co-financed by LIFE in Germany during the period from 1996-2006. Of these, 112 were LIFE Environment projects and 64 were LIFE Nature projects. The 112 LIFE Environment projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme are distributed on a number of themes where projects concerned with waste management and water are predominant. Other projects also included a focus on clean technologies and reduction of air emissions as well as integrated environmental management, eco-design and green finance. The effectiveness of German LIFE Environment projects is high in particular for technical projects. The German Environment projects have a good level of innovation, but the long-term impacts of the projects have been difficult to estimate. The sustainability of Environment projects is generally good but it has been difficult to assess the extent to which LIFE Environment projects in Germany are corresponding to EU-priorities. This varies greatly among the themes. The 64 LIFE Nature projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme during 1996-2006 comprise a large number of projects targeting wetlands, bogs, grasslands and river landscapes, forests (mainly in mountainous areas or alluvial forests) and dry grasslands (both mountain and coastal). A large variety of species were involved, mainly birds and large carnivores, or tree species such as yew, holly, fir or beech trees. In general, the level of effectiveness is high. Particularly projects managed by public entities and with the right experience are highly effective. Moreover, the sustainability is very high especially where land purchase ensured continues nature protection and Natura 2000 management measures were implemented. The concordance between EU priorities and the German LIFE Nature projects is high as a consequence of the selection procedure. 2 Introduction This country report on the implementation of the LIFE Programme in Germany is part of the overall ex- post evaluation of the LIFE Programme. The evaluation was commissioned in July 2008 and covers all LIFE projects initiated during the period 1996-2006. The overall objective of the evaluation is to assess the relevance and impact of the activities and projects financed under the LIFE Programme. The evaluation comprises country studies in all Member States except Bulgaria, which has never had any LIFE projects. This report documents the analysis carried out concerning the implementation of the LIFE Programme in Germany. The ex-post evaluation focuses on assessing the effect of the LIFE Programme on Europe's nature and environment through looking at results and impacts of LIFE projects implemented under the Nature (NAT) and Environment (ENV) components. The results and impacts have further been assessed along three main evaluation criteria: • Effectiveness, i.e. the extent to which planned objectives have been reached; • Sustainability, i.e. the extent to which positive impacts have continued or are likely to continue; • Utility, i.e. the extent to which impacts address key environmental needs and priorities in the EU and for the stakeholders concerned. 3 Environmental policy overview A specific environmental policy document, with corresponding key political priorities on environmental/nature protection does not exist in Germany. Strong emphasis is placed upon the synergies between environmental protection, new technologies and economic development. Since its O:\A000000\A001146\Final Report for PDF\Country reports\CS_Invidual Rep_Germany.DOC . Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities under the LIFE Programme. 3 Country-by-country analysis: Germany Presidency for both the EU Council and the G8 in 2007, Germany's policy agenda has been dictated by more ambitious climate change mitigation policies and GHG reduction targets. Germany is currently on track to meet its commitment under the Kyoto Protocol, mainly due to the rapid growth of renewable resources, biofuels which are gradually reducing the country’s reliance on fossil fuels and the government's ambitious energy efficiency targets. Concerning Nature and Biodiversity, Germany is home to some 28,000 species of plants and fungi, and about 48,000 animal species. Of the 3,000 ferns and flowering plants that occur naturally in the country 26.8 per cent are threatened. A further 1.6 per cent are already regarded as extinct. The situation is even more dramatic when it comes to native animal species. The existences of about 40 per cent of such species are currently endangered. A further 3 per cent are already extinct. The situation, with regard to the various habitats which exist in Germany is serious as some 73 per cent are vulnerable.1 This persistent trend towards the deterioration of the natural environment and loss of biological diversity is largely due to excessive inputs of eutrophicating and acidifying substances – mainly from agriculture. Another important factor is the sealing of surfaces for transport, settlement and business purposes and the destruction and fragmentation of habitats. Implementation of Natura 2000 (largely within in the responsibility of the Bundes-länder) has led to the proposed sites of Community importance under the Habitats Directive now covering 9.3 per cent of Germany's total area2 which is considered to be sufficient by the European Commission. The total amount of waste collected in Germany peaked in 2000 and has, since then, steadily declined but remains considerably higher than the EU average. The recycling rate has been relatively stable since 2000 and stood at 66 per cent in 2005. By far the largest part of waste (56 per cent) is the result of construction and demolition activities. Household waste is only accountable for 14 per cent of the total volume.3 Advanced waste management policies were implemented which included the phasing out of landfills for municipal waste by 2005, the project of total recycling of municipal waste by 2020 and mandatory take back obligations for packaging waste. Also, a compulsory deposit on disposable drink containers was introduced in recent years that largely drove aluminium cans out of the beverage market. Significant overall improvements have been achieved in the area of water quality. However, when it comes to conserving water resources challenges remain. Approximately 86 per cent of surface water bodies and 53 per cent of groundwater bodies assessed in 2004 are possibly at risk of failing the WFD objectives. 4 Overview of LIFE projects in Germany During the period 1996 to 2006, the LIFE Programme co-financed 176 projects in Germany, including 64 Nature projects and 112 Environment projects. A full overview table of the projects is provided in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 and 3 provides summary tables and Annex 1 in Appendix 3 provides some additional information on the projects. Table 4.1 provides a brief summary. 1 Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (2006) Environmental Report 2006, Environment – Innovation – Employment, Berlin. 2 Bundesamt für Naturschutz: www.bfn.de 3 http://www.bmu.bund.de/abfallwirtschaft/doc/2956.php O:\A000000\A001146\Final Report for PDF\Country reports\CS_Invidual Rep_Germany.DOC . Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities under the LIFE Programme. 4 Country-by-country analysis: Germany Table 4.1 Overview of LIFE projects 1996-2006 in Germany Number Total LIFE con- Main themes covered4 Average LIFE Average project of pro- tribution (million contribution per duration (years) jects EUR) project (million EUR) Environment 112 69.0 Natural resources and 0.6 3.3 waste (31%) Water (26%) Nature 64 63.9 Habitats (69%) 1.0 4.7 Source: BUTLER data The LIFE Environment projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme cover a wide range of issues, from water and a variety of waste management projects to clean technologies and reduction of air emissions projects. Strategic approaches such as integrated environmental management, eco-design and green finance as well as urban planning and transport are further examples of such projects. The typical type of beneficiary was public and private enterprises which accounted for 59 out of the total 112 projects. Of the 64 LIFE Nature projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme during 1996-2006 almost 70 per cent were projects related to the implementation of the EU Habitats Directive.
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