Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed Under the LIFE Programme Country-By-Country Analysis Germany

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Directorate General Environment, Unit E.4. LIFE Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed under the LIFE Programme Country-by-country analysis Germany

July 2009 COWI A/S

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Directorate General Environment, Unit E.4. LIFE Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities Financed under the LIFE Programme Country-by-country analysis Germany

July 2009

Document no. 7-3 Germany This report has been prepared as a result of an independ- Version 1 ent evaluation by COWI being contracted by the Director- Date of issue July.2009 ate General Environment The views expressed are those of the Consultant Prepared BIM, IL and do not necessarily reflect those of the Euro- Checked BIM, TIH, IL pean Commission. Approved BIM Ex-Post Evaluation of Projects and Activities under the LIFE Programme. 1 Country-by-country analysis: Germany

Table of Contents

1 Executive summary 2

2 Introduction 2

3 Environmental policy overview 2

4 Overview of LIFE projects in Germany 3

5 Effects of projects implemented 4 5.1 Results and impacts for Nature projects 4 5.2 Results and impacts for Environment projects 5

6 The effectiveness of projects 5

7 The sustainability of projects 6

8 The utility of projects 7

Table of Appendices

Appendix 1 Comprehensive overview of LIFE Projects in Germany Appendix 2 Summary tables on LIFE Environment projects in Germany Appendix 3 Summary tables on LIFE Nature projects in Germany

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1 Executive summary In total, 176 projects were co-financed by LIFE in Germany during the period from 1996-2006. Of these, 112 were LIFE Environment projects and 64 were LIFE Nature projects.

The 112 LIFE Environment projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme are distributed on a number of themes where projects concerned with waste management and water are predominant. Other projects also included a focus on clean technologies and reduction of air emissions as well as integrated environmental management, eco-design and green finance. The effectiveness of German LIFE Environment projects is high in particular for technical projects. The German Environment projects have a good level of innovation, but the long-term impacts of the projects have been difficult to estimate. The sustainability of Environment projects is generally good but it has been difficult to assess the extent to which LIFE Environment projects in Germany are corresponding to EU-priorities. This varies greatly among the themes.

The 64 LIFE Nature projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme during 1996-2006 comprise a large number of projects targeting wetlands, bogs, grasslands and river landscapes, forests (mainly in mountainous areas or alluvial forests) and dry grasslands (both mountain and coastal). A large variety of species were involved, mainly birds and large carnivores, or tree species such as yew, holly, fir or beech trees. In general, the level of effectiveness is high. Particularly projects managed by public entities and with the right experience are highly effective. Moreover, the sustainability is very high especially where land purchase ensured continues nature protection and Natura 2000 management measures were implemented. The concordance between EU priorities and the German LIFE Nature projects is high as a consequence of the selection procedure.

2 Introduction This country report on the implementation of the LIFE Programme in Germany is part of the overall ex- post evaluation of the LIFE Programme. The evaluation was commissioned in July 2008 and covers all LIFE projects initiated during the period 1996-2006. The overall objective of the evaluation is to assess the relevance and impact of the activities and projects financed under the LIFE Programme. The evaluation comprises country studies in all Member States except Bulgaria, which has never had any LIFE projects. This report documents the analysis carried out concerning the implementation of the LIFE Programme in Germany. The ex-post evaluation focuses on assessing the effect of the LIFE Programme on Europe's nature and environment through looking at results and impacts of LIFE projects implemented under the Nature (NAT) and Environment (ENV) components. The results and impacts have further been assessed along three main evaluation criteria:

• Effectiveness, i.e. the extent to which planned objectives have been reached; • Sustainability, i.e. the extent to which positive impacts have continued or are likely to continue; • Utility, i.e. the extent to which impacts address key environmental needs and priorities in the EU and for the stakeholders concerned.

3 Environmental policy overview A specific environmental policy document, with corresponding key political priorities on environmental/nature protection does not exist in Germany. Strong emphasis is placed upon the synergies between environmental protection, new technologies and economic development. Since its

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Presidency for both the EU Council and the G8 in 2007, Germany's policy agenda has been dictated by more ambitious climate change mitigation policies and GHG reduction targets. Germany is currently on track to meet its commitment under the Kyoto Protocol, mainly due to the rapid growth of renewable resources, biofuels which are gradually reducing the country’s reliance on fossil fuels and the government's ambitious energy efficiency targets.

Concerning Nature and Biodiversity, Germany is home to some 28,000 species of plants and fungi, and about 48,000 animal species. Of the 3,000 ferns and flowering plants that occur naturally in the country 26.8 per cent are threatened. A further 1.6 per cent are already regarded as extinct. The situation is even more dramatic when it comes to native animal species. The existences of about 40 per cent of such species are currently endangered. A further 3 per cent are already extinct. The situation, with regard to the various habitats which exist in Germany is serious as some 73 per cent are vulnerable.1 This persistent trend towards the deterioration of the natural environment and loss of biological diversity is largely due to excessive inputs of eutrophicating and acidifying substances – mainly from agriculture. Another important factor is the sealing of surfaces for transport, settlement and business purposes and the destruction and fragmentation of habitats. Implementation of Natura 2000 (largely within in the responsibility of the Bundes-länder) has led to the proposed sites of Community importance under the Habitats Directive now covering 9.3 per cent of Germany's total area2 which is considered to be sufficient by the European Commission.

The total amount of waste collected in Germany peaked in 2000 and has, since then, steadily declined but remains considerably higher than the EU average. The recycling rate has been relatively stable since 2000 and stood at 66 per cent in 2005. By far the largest part of waste (56 per cent) is the result of construction and demolition activities. Household waste is only accountable for 14 per cent of the total volume.3 Advanced waste management policies were implemented which included the phasing out of landfills for municipal waste by 2005, the project of total recycling of municipal waste by 2020 and mandatory take back obligations for packaging waste. Also, a compulsory deposit on disposable drink containers was introduced in recent years that largely drove aluminium cans out of the beverage market.

Significant overall improvements have been achieved in the area of water quality. However, when it comes to conserving water resources challenges remain. Approximately 86 per cent of surface water bodies and 53 per cent of groundwater bodies assessed in 2004 are possibly at risk of failing the WFD objectives.

4 Overview of LIFE projects in Germany During the period 1996 to 2006, the LIFE Programme co-financed 176 projects in Germany, including 64 Nature projects and 112 Environment projects. A full overview table of the projects is provided in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 and 3 provides summary tables and Annex 1 in Appendix 3 provides some additional information on the projects. Table 4.1 provides a brief summary.

1 Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit (2006) Environmental Report 2006, Environment – Innovation – Employment, Berlin. 2 Bundesamt für Naturschutz: www.bfn.de 3 http://www.bmu.bund.de/abfallwirtschaft/doc/2956.php

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Table 4.1 Overview of LIFE projects 1996-2006 in Germany

Number Total LIFE con- Main themes covered4 Average LIFE Average project of pro- tribution (million contribution per duration (years) jects EUR) project (million EUR)

Environment 112 69.0 Natural resources and 0.6 3.3 waste (31%) Water (26%) Nature 64 63.9 Habitats (69%) 1.0 4.7 Source: BUTLER data

The LIFE Environment projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme cover a wide range of issues, from water and a variety of waste management projects to clean technologies and reduction of air emissions projects. Strategic approaches such as integrated environmental management, eco-design and green finance as well as urban planning and transport are further examples of such projects. The typical type of beneficiary was public and private enterprises which accounted for 59 out of the total 112 projects.

Of the 64 LIFE Nature projects co-financed by the LIFE Programme during 1996-2006 almost 70 per cent were projects related to the implementation of the EU Habitats Directive. Of these habitat protection measures, the majority of habitat types targeted have been wetlands, bogs, grasslands and river landscapes. The typical type of beneficiary was public entities (mainly regional authorities) making up 67 per cent of the total. NGOs accounted for 28 per cent.

5 Effects of projects implemented

5.1 Results and impacts for Nature projects In the nature protection sector, the clear targets of the two EU legislative instruments provide a red thread through all protection measures. Historical partnerships and cooperation were very valuable and created foundations of cooperation between authorities, NGOs and other stakeholders. The LIFE Nature platform also led to a positive exchange of experiences between sectors such as water and Natura 2000.

Overall, international cooperation played a minor role in nature conservation projects in Germany. Embedding into the local specific context was the most important factor and the tendency was that the more local the context the more important the results. There is, however, an element of exchange of technical know-how in some projects (NL and DE on wetland and bog naturalisation projects such as “Grosses Torfmoor”). International cooperation therefore tended to increase networking and lift the image of the project given the EU dimension. The quality of projects was generally improved with international contributions and know-how. One example is the Kaernten “Obere Drau” project, which led to the Drava River Basin management symposium - a very effective product of international cooperation.

4 For the purpose of this evaluation, the LIFE projects were categorised according to the thematic structure of the LIFE+ Programme (ref. Regulation EC No. 614/2007, Annex II). The themes included for LIFE Nature: Habitat Directive, Birds Directive and Biodiversity. For LIFE Environment: Climate change, air, water, soil, forests, natural resources and waste, chemicals, urban environment, strategic approaches.

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The Nature focal point in the Ministry initiated and organised regular yearly LIFE information events on exchange of know-how of LIFE projects. This encouraged information exchange and networking and created synergies across all the Nature projects and on other sectors (such as water and agriculture).

5.2 Results and impacts for Environment projects It should be noted that, as there is no Environment national focal point in Germany there was no interview about a coordination point at national level during the course of this evaluation. It was therefore difficult to deduce the potential impact of Environment projects on environmental management or policy in the country. It has, however, been noted that, in particular Länder, the focal points are very active in providing support at all stages of the LIFE project development cycle which results in the adoption and implementation more LIFE projects in the respective Länder. Looking at the portfolio of the LIFE Nature projects financed between 1996 and 2006 in Germany, by far the highest proportion of projects was implemented in Bavaria, Baden-Wuertenberg and Nordrheinwestphalen with the latter Bundesland making up the highest funding share (overall, including EU support) of all Bundesländer.

Environment projects in Germany have definitely been innovative according to the funding criteria of the LIFE programme. For the technical industrial proposals there was generally a better record of generating long term effects, especially if the measures went beyond a pilot application (make up a longer term installation such as in the example the Dol-EL project).5 The long term effect of EMAS and certification projects is more difficult to measure according to the monitoring team. In those projects where there was an international component, a large number of Partners and implementation sites in different countries, coordination and management are essential, as is shown in the case of the WAgriCo project.6

In the majority of German Environment projects the implementation of the project measures actually took place in Germany where cooperation with international partners contributed to the project with varying degrees of success. Exceptional cases involve a technology or process which is typically international7 or where there is transfer from a leading country to other Member States.8

6 The effectiveness of projects Effectiveness can be assessed at two levels: at project level, which compares achievements with project objectives, and at programme level, which compares achievements with LIFE Programme objectives.9

For LIFE Nature on both programme level and project level, all stakeholders agreed that the majority of measures financed through the LIFE programme have contributed effectively, firstly to the implementation of the Habitats Directive and secondly to the implementation of the Birds Directive.

5 LIFE00 ENV/D/000318, Planning and construction of the demonstration unit 'MRD-Selektive-Refining' for refining of waste oil 6 LIFE/05/DE000182 7As in the case of the EC4MACS project with its transboundary simulation tools 8 As in the case of ECOstep “Implementation of a Integrated Management system for small and medium enterprises”( LIFE04 ENV/DE/000052) or ZEMships, Zero.Emission.Ships, (LIFE06 ENV/D/000465) projects. 9 Specific objective for: LIFE Nature: to contribute to the implementation of Council Directive 79/409/EEC (Birds Di- rective) and Council Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitats Directive); LIFE Environment: to contribute to the development of innovative and integrated techniques and methods and to the further development of Community environmental policy.

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The national focal point noted that as LIFE programmes evolved, measures also evolved with some projects delivering more measures than originally planned (e.g. Grosses Torfmoor), partly due to good project management and more areas being included in the wetland and re-naturalisation measures. Some projects (wetlands) had a very practical approach with easily implementable measures whereas the river revitalisation project were much more complex and often very ambitious, involving the hydrological restoration of river flood plains. The problem in these projects was that the planning procedure includes extensive public participation and citizens were generally opposed the project initiatives which resulted in failure to achieve the necessary permit procedures. Positive project examples of river re-naturation projects which have led to follow-up projects include the “Obere Drau” project where the population was opposed to the project at the start but all the investment in awareness activities meant that the population was 100 per cent behind the implementation and on board for the follow-up project.

All stakeholders interviewed agreed that the LIFE information exchange platform coordinated at national level facilitated networking and also led to increased effectiveness overall and was valuable in increasing information, exchange and evaluation10.

The LIFE Environment projects have clearly contributed to fulfilling the objectives of the LIFE programme. There was a continuous evolution in effectiveness from LIFE II to LIFE III (the LIFE programs monitored by the current team). Applications have been increasingly structured with an important learning curve in LIFE III. Monitoring occurs according to a very specific framework and criteria thus ensuring effectiveness and support. The projects with a technical dimension tended to be more effective, and from a monitoring perspective these projects and their deliverables are more easily measurable. Looking at the types of projects and potential effectiveness, the beneficiaries of Environment projects were more often private companies and projects tended to be related to technological development. Most technological or wastewater treatment projects were effective and some EMAS projects were effective but more difficult to measure.

7 The sustainability of projects All stakeholders interviewed rated sustainability of LIFE Nature projects as very high, especially where the areas could be bought or 100 per cent permanently ensured for nature protection. Where the purchase of larger surfaces of land within LIFE projects was involved sustainability was higher as these surfaces remained under conservation status. Sustainability was generally higher in projects with once and for all Nature management measures (sector c measures in LIFE regulation), even if these were associated with higher one-off investments. Projects where “irreversible measures” are introduced during the course of the project, such as river re-naturation projects with solidification of river banks and removal of dams as well as the re-establishment of former wetlands and moors in Natura 2000 areas ensure sustainability. On the other hand, projects with a need to ensure permanent conservation measures (such as the periodic upkeep of dry-grass areas through mowing or grazing) require specific contract negotiations with the relevant stakeholder group.

Factors influencing sustainability of Nature projects also included: high levels of acceptance by stakeholders; local political understanding and support for the project; successful project management; creation of jobs and new services (e.g. the training of nature guides within a LIFE project which has led to other jobs related to the training.); and synergies between projects leading to more sustainable measures through the exchange of experience (the Ochsenmoor-Duemmer projects and creation of

10 LIFE monitors are also present on LIFE platforms to answer questions and monitoring site visits are often coordinated with participation of competent authorities.

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For LIFE Environment, sustainability could not be systematically assessed as there was no input from the national level administration in Germany and the life unit expert has recently joined the unit and did not yet have a very long historical overview of Environment projects. Equally, the monitoring team could only tentatively reach conclusions as they are no longer monitoring after project end (except sporadically during ex-post evaluations). The project reviews and indications from the LIFE Unit experts indicated that sustainability is medium to high. Particularly in the case of technology projects implemented by private companies who wish to use technology effectively and develop it (which is of course in their interest).

8 The utility of projects For LIFE Nature, meeting the requirements of the two target pieces of EU legislation were the main prerequisite for funding projects with very clear and specific criteria to be met and measures which are well known to the nature conservation community. There were therefore no contradictions between the EU and national level approaches. Nature protection was targeted through these two EU directives which have clear implementation measures with Natura 2000 setting priorities locally. However, measures of national importance in nature conservation might not always be covered by EU priorities. The EU covers only partly national/local interests. The life unit expert also noted that the EU can only be passive in the evaluation in what is a bottom-up process.

Based on the available data it is not possible to make a uniform assessment on the question as to whether the LIFE Environment projects met EU and/or national priorities, because the projects were distributed on a number of different sectors. Interviews with stakeholders point to insufficient lobbying, insufficient links and cooperation in Germany between the Environment ministries and the research Ministry in order to use the applications of research. There are said to be proportionally few German proposals given the size of the country and a general need for more political support from the national authorities to the beneficiaries in the framework of LIFE Environment funding.11

11 Interviews with monitors and project managers.

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Table 2 Overview of LIFE Environment Projects in Germany

Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE96 Using a membrane separation LIFE II 1996 1997 2001 2,491,606 683,807 International No Strategic ENV/D/000003 process for the de-pigmentation enterprise Approaches of water lacquer LIFE96 Using simultaneous catalytic oxi- LIFE II 1996 1996 2000 1,526,549 345,749 SME No Water ENV/D/000004 dation to reduce COD in waste water LIFE96 Reduction and recycling of hospi- LIFE II 1996 1997 2000 1,160,122 578,373 University Yes Natural re- ENV/D/000010 tal waste, especially dangerous, sources and toxic and infectious waste waste LIFE96 Recycling of textile fabrics coated LIFE II 1996 1996 2001 1,088,557 301,552 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000186 with PVC or TPU (thermoforming- enterprise sources and polyurethane) waste LIFE96 Development and initiation of LIFE II 1996 1996 1999 589,430 294,715 Local authority No Air ENV/D/000190 measures aimed at reducing private cars in a touristic area LIFE96 Construction of a capillary barrier LIFE II 1996 1996 2002 2,215,682 1,107,841 Local authority No Natural re- ENV/D/000197 for the surface sealing system of sources and a landfill waste LIFE96 New solution and innovative LIFE II 1996 1997 2002 1,661,265 463,312 Development No Soil ENV/D/000201 technologies for in-situ decon- agency tamination of a heating power station and former gasworks site

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE96 Reduction of odour emissions, LIFE II 1996 1997 2001 2,342,379 311,088 International No Water ENV/D/000233 waste water and sludge as well enterprise as obtaining energy from organic substances LIFE96 Recycling plant for plaster board LIFE II 1996 1996 1998 1,212,025 165,812 No Natural re- ENV/D/000237 waste from building sites and sources and production waste LIFE96 Development of an asphalt mixing LIFE II 1996 1997 2000 1,671,456 340,676 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000463 plant to add the residue (cinders) sources and from waste incinerators into quali- waste fied bituminous products; plant is fuelled with dehydrated and dense sludge from urban waste water purification. LIFE96 Multinational implementation of a LIFE II 1996 1996 2001 1,669,723 435,915 International Yes Natural re- ENV/D/000465 concept for returning used chemi- enterprise sources and cals back into the production waste process LIFE97 Introduction, testing and toughen- LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 1,680,546 504,164 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000442 ing up of a new production proc- sources and ess for the varnish of smooth waste products of the wood-processing industry with solvent free varnish LIFE97 Thermic in-situ sanitation by high- LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 1,068,482 257,520 SME No Soil ENV/D/000446 frequency energy LIFE97 Development, Introduction and LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 720,892 358,176 Local authority Yes Urban envi- ENV/D/000447 Implementation of an Environ- ronment mental Management System in Medium-sized Municipalities in Europe

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE97 Recycling of floculated ceramic LIFE II 1997 1997 2001 1,444,167 369,811 Yes Water ENV/D/000455 masses production with minimum waste LIFE97 Demonstration plant to recycle LIFE II 1997 1998 2001 1,031,464 309,439 Research insti- No Natural re- ENV/D/000456 low contaminated waste water tutions sources and from agri-foodstuffs industry waste LIFE97 Demonstration project 'flameless LIFE II 1997 1997 1999 374,872 187,436 Regional au- No Air ENV/D/000457 non-catalytic oxidation of hazard- thority ous gases from waste disposal sites' LIFE97 Demonstration Project: Microbial LIFE II 1997 1997 2001 1,798,191 498,044 Research insti- No Water ENV/D/000463 Removal of Mercury Compounds tutions from Industrial Waste Streams LIFE97 Reduction of VOC emissions by LIFE II 1997 1997 2001 1,331,958 644,609 Research insti- Yes Air ENV/D/000465 using fatty acid esters for metal tutions cleaning processes LIFE97 Pilot project for cost effective LIFE II 1997 1997 1999 1,915,386 283,904 Local authority No Water ENV/D/000467 landfill leachate water filtration, using the SBR-technology as a combined biological-chemical procedure LIFE97 Realisation of the Sustainable LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 1,575,819 714,691 NGO- No Urban envi- ENV/D/000469 Model City, District Vauban Foundation ronment LIFE97 Demonstration plant of an individ- LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 2,033,836 367,770 No Air ENV/D/000473 ual chamber pressure regulation to avoid emissions of coke ovens.

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE97 Construction of a demonstration LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 971,415 187,432 International No Climate ENV/D/000474 flywheel energy-storage systems enterprise change for the reduction of the energy- consumption in public light-rail systems by up to 10% LIFE97 This pilot project is to proof the LIFE II 1997 1997 1999 861,910 181,138 International Yes Water ENV/D/000476 feasibility of the use of a biologi- enterprise cally degradable cooling and lu- bricating agent (KSS) on the basis of a deister oil in precision grinding technology LIFE97 Concerted Action on Local Cli- LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 501,046 250,523 NGO- No Climate ENV/D/000480 mate Protection in Europe Foundation change LIFE98 Environment friendly production LIFE II 1998 1998 1999 3,941,138 412,426 International No Strategic ENV/D/000500 of rechargeable long-lasting lith- enterprise Approaches ium-ion button cells LIFE98 Development and realization of a LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 191,670 95,835 NGO- No Natural re- ENV/D/000501 communication concept to initiate Foundation sources and district heating in the building waste stock of rural municipalities, EUCOM LIFE98 Sustainable Bodensee - Protec- LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 492,511 182,999 NGO- Yes Soil ENV/D/000502 tion of water with nautic environ- Foundation mental techniques LIFE98 Reduction of energy consumption LIFE II 1998 1998 2000 321,220 48,082 No Climate ENV/D/000504 and air pollution by means of ab- change sorption chillers powered by un- conditioned heat-fluxes

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE98 Reuse of filter backwash water LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 653,042 221,992 Public enter- No Water ENV/D/000509 from groundwater treatment for prise drinking water purposes with a submerged membrane system LIFE98 Clean Air System Development LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 1,265,616 379,685 No Air ENV/D/000522 and test of an innovative and mobile testing plant for non-polluting drying of wet flakes of the wood material industry LIFE98 The decrease of the emission LIFE II 1998 1998 2003 3,227,373 517,872 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000524 potential of a housing develop- sources and ment deposing area through con- waste trolled optimization of deposing area gas production by a continu- ously working watering device. LIFE98 Improvement of utilization of raw LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 1,514,890 419,082 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000525 material at electrolytic zinc pro- sources and duction waste LIFE98 Demonstration Project for the LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 791,010 236,736 No Strategic ENV/D/000526 Development of Disassembly- Approaches Friendly and Recyclable Railway Vehicle LIFE98 Co-operation of enterprises and LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 990,070 490,161 Mixed enter- No Urban envi- ENV/D/000527 local authorities on environment prise ronment related management of industry parks (TANDEM) LIFE98 Vacuum technical treatment for LIFE II 1998 1999 2002 2,523,456 705,783 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000533 the separation of grinding-, polish- sources and ing- and lapping sludge waste

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE98 Repulp Jagenberg, Installation LIFE II 1998 1998 1999 3,538,476 797,752 No Natural re- ENV/D/000534 and optimization of an innovative sources and wastepaper processing plant. waste LIFE98 Waste water recycling in a chemi- LIFE II 1998 1996 2001 4,237,065 952,429 International No Water ENV/D/000535 cal plant - an economic solution enterprise by combination of innovative technologies LIFE98 Introduction of an innovative sur- LIFE II 1998 1998 1999 1,188,766 117,693 No Air ENV/D/000536 face coating plant for solid var- nishing LIFE98 Pilot realization of the material LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 2,595,051 632,828 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000537 cycle of friction materials sources and waste LIFE98 Demonstration of a complete new LIFE II 1998 1998 2000 2,338,328 678,792 SME Yes Natural re- ENV/D/000538 process regarding technology in sources and pilot size scale for the production waste on nonwovens for the hygienic industry and medical protective apparels with approx. 35% less resin, waste and energy use. LIFE99 LISA (Low Isocyanate Solvent LIFE II 1999 1999 2001 3,991,252 500,154 International No Chemicals ENV/D/000408 free Adhesives) Procedure for the enterprise development and production of solventless adhesives with ex- tremely low contents of mono- meric isocyanates LIFE99 MoWaSy - A Novel Modular Wa- LIFE II 1999 1999 2001 884,238 292,811 University No Water ENV/D/000409 ter treatment System by Combi- nation of Solar Photo oxidation and Air Ionisation

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE99 New approach to an integrated LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 1,153,157 451,824 SME No Water ENV/D/000413 electro-TBT-detoxification of dredged material on a pilot-scale LIFE99 Constructing a pilot unit to mini- LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 869,196 260,759 International No Water ENV/D/000414 mize the organic tin compound enterprise and heavy metal contamination of dock waste water LIFE99 Reduced waste water pollution LIFE II 1999 1999 2001 67,018 33,509 Research insti- No Water ENV/D/000415 from textile finishing with use of tutions ultrasonics to minimise the application of chemicals in sizing processes LIFE99 Landfilling of mechanically bio- LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 2,975,489 618,738 Local authority No Natural re- ENV/D/000420 logically treated residual waste sources and and clean-up of contaminated waste sites by means of partial fractions from mechanical-biological residual waste treatment LIFE99 The setting up of a competence LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 1,367,019 650,659 Public enter- No Strategic ENV/D/000422 centre for environment equitable prise Approaches construction LIFE99 Innovative demonstration facility LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 1,190,778 343,745 Development No Water ENV/D/000424 for the treatment of waste water agency from olive oil presses (OMW) with material and energetic utilization of the residues

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE99 Demonstration of the technical LIFE II 1999 1999 2000 2,750,146 506,770 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000434 and economical feasibility of an enterprise sources and innovative painting technology for waste small plastic components by means of high-speed rotation for the reduction of paint consumption and solvent emissions LIFE99 High speed cutting without cool- LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 400,086 118,974 SME No Air ENV/D/000435 ing LIFE99 Reduction of the odour emission LIFE II 1999 1999 2002 585,429 113,660 Public enter- No Air ENV/D/000442 in the feed mill Oldenburg prise LIFE99 Dry stage fibre glue - Develop- LIFE II 1999 1999 2000 1,084,240 325,272 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000443 ment and testing of an innovative enterprise sources and test plant for an environment waste friendly and energy-saving glue blending of dried fibres for the production of MDF boards in the wood industry. LIFE99 Conception for an Environmen- LIFE II 1999 1999 2001 626,223 313,111 Local authority Yes Air ENV/D/000446 tally Friendly Regional Freight Transport Within the 'City Network EXPO-Region'. LIFE99 ECOCAMPER - Integrated Qual- LIFE II 1999 1999 2002 692,162 344,363 NGO- Yes Strategic ENV/D/000448 ity management on Camping Foundation Approaches Sites LIFE99 Recovery of cellulose fluff and LIFE II 1999 1999 2000 604,901 169,084 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000450 adsorbents during the recycling of sources and hygiene products waste

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE99 Miniature block-type thermal LIFE II 1999 1999 2004 2,140,824 639,563 SME No Climate ENV/D/000452 power station based on a long- change lived Stirling motor LIFE99 European network for the as- LIFE II 1999 1999 2003 2,402,678 1,201,339 University No Air ENV/D/000453 sessment of air quality by the use of bio-indicator plants LIFE99 Substance flow related wa- LIFE II 1999 1999 2002 1,503,585 751,792 University Yes Water ENV/D/000455 ter/sewage management in Euro- pean hospitals - strategies for water saving potentials and pollution control of sewage LIFE00 Simultaneous Evaporation and LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 2,568,160 551,148 SME Yes Natural re- ENV/D/000291 Pressurized Thermal Oxidation sources and (Technical Oxygen) of Liquids waste Containing Organic and Inorganic Compounds LIFE00 Sustainable development of LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 3,897,295 1,814,861 Local authority Yes Soil ENV/D/000312 European coastal regions and creation of a regional cycle under inclusion of integrated environmental protection LIFE00 Development of Environmental LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 1,804,673 845,066 SME Yes Strategic ENV/D/000317 Management Systems in Hospi- Approaches tals from four European Regions and Integration in QM-Systems LIFE00 Planning and construction of the LIFE II 2000 2001 2005 9,619,977 1,550,000 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000318 demonstration unit 'MRD- enterprise sources and Selektive-Refining' for refining of waste waste oil

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE00 Complete Utilisation of the Sand LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 907,446 386,851 Research insti- Yes Natural re- ENV/D/000319 Fraction from Demolition Waste tutions sources and Recycling waste LIFE00 Development of an implementa- LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 1,100,910 495,410 Development Yes Strategic ENV/D/000320 tion methodology for Environ- agency Approaches mental Management Systems in Europe's applied Research & Development (R&D) service sector LIFE00 Environmental Management for LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 694,620 347,310 NGO- Yes Urban envi- ENV/D/000326 local land use planning Foundation ronment LIFE00 Remotely controlled monitoring of LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 2,422,324 1,018,578 Research insti- Yes Water ENV/D/000337 eutrophicating substances from tutions diffuse sources in the region Saar-Lor-Lux LIFE00 Recycled EPS granules in insulat- LIFE II 2000 2001 2005 1,176,813 282,056 No Natural re- ENV/D/000339 ing materials sources and waste LIFE00 Demonstration of a laundry inno- LIFE II 2000 2001 2006 2,218,918 502,304 SME No Water ENV/D/000343 vative waste water recycling technology LIFE00 Development and Validation of an LIFE II 2000 2001 2005 858,110 256,467 SME Yes Water ENV/D/000346 Automated Instrument for the Determination of the Endocrine Disrupter 17ß-Estradiol in the Water Cycle LIFE00 Pilot-plant for the material utiliza- LIFE II 2000 2001 2004 332,775 152,670 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000348 tion of plastic waste in the produc- sources and tion of products based on new, waste polimere-bound wood materials

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE00 Living Lakes: Sustainable Man- LIFE II 2000 2001 2005 1,060,128 523,064 NGO- Yes Soil ENV/D/000351 agement of wetlands and shallow Foundation lakes LIFE02 Large-Scale Polyurethane Recy- LIFE III 2002 2001 2005 2,204,035 390,042 SME No Natural re- ENV/D/000398 cling sources and waste LIFE02 Optimised environmental rain- LIFE III 2002 2002 2005 2,801,960 782,264 Mixed enter- No Water ENV/D/000399 water management systems in prise the sphere of the environmental engineering LIFE02 First-time implementation of a LIFE III 2002 2002 2005 2,192,589 543,498 SME No Air ENV/D/000403 new and environmentally sounded cold smoke climatic chamber for industrial production of uncooked sausages LIFE02 Waste Water Cleaning through LIFE III 2002 2002 2005 2,014,660 583,100 SME No Water ENV/D/000404 Ultrasonic Resonance LIFE02 Improved application of catalytic LIFE III 2002 2002 2004 435,340 83,097 SME No Climate ENV/D/000406 supported low temperature change plasma plants for waste air purification LIFE02 Geothermal energy supply for LIFE III 2002 2002 2006 5,140,710 1,972,596 University No Water ENV/D/000408 heating and cooling of the Stu- dents' Service Centre of RWTH Institute of Technology University of Aachen LIFE02 Development of design data for LIFE III 2002 2002 2005 129,465 51,786 Local authority No Soil ENV/D/000410 the extraction of soil-gas out of great depths

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE03 Sanitation Concepts for separate LIFE III 2003 2003 2007 2,223,474 465,635 SME No Water ENV/D/000025 Treatment of Urine, Faeces and Greywater LIFE03 Construction, Start-up and 16- LIFE III 2003 2003 2007 1,265,339 368,847 Regional au- No Water ENV/D/000030 months Performance Check of a thority Demonstration plant (Lagoon- Memb Prototype) for the Cost- Efficient Treatment of Municipal Wastewater in Rural Districts up to Service Water Quality LIFE03 Oil-Porous-Burner system with LIFE III 2003 2003 2006 1,451,800 432,540 International No Climate ENV/D/000031 integrated vaporizer unit enterprise change LIFE03 Sustainable Churches - Inte- LIFE III 2003 2003 2007 1,486,880 743,440 NGO- No Strategic ENV/D/000037 grated Eco-Management for Foundation Approaches European Churches LIFE03 Demonstration of bio-degradable, LIFE III 2003 2003 2005 1,008,877 298,463 International No Chemicals ENV/D/000040 non-toxic, renewable eco- enterprise plasticisers that fully replace po- tentially hazardous phthalates thus reducing the impact on and risk to human health caused by these large-volume chemicals to zero LIFE03 Recycling of residues from metal- LIFE III 2003 2003 2007 703,450 350,225 Research insti- No Natural re- ENV/D/000043 lurgical industry with the arc fur- tutions sources and nace technology waste LIFE03 Development of an Aerospace LIFE III 2003 2003 2007 890,452 263,086 International No Air ENV/D/000044 Minimized VOC Exterior System enterprise

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE04 PCB Transformer Decontamina- LIFE III 2004 2004 2009 4,896,464 853,939 International No Natural re- ENV/DE/000041 tion for Re-Use, and Decontami- enterprise sources and nation of other PCB waste, with waste small-scale semi-mobile facilities, applied in pilot countries Poland and Greece (TrafoDecon) LIFE04 Recovery of Solar Valuable Mate- LIFE III 2004 2004 2008 1,147,877 563,288 Public enter- No Natural re- ENV/DE/000047 rials, Enrichment and Decontami- prise sources and nation waste LIFE04 Demonstration of a closed circuit LIFE III 2004 2003 2007 1,159,171 213,336 International No Air ENV/DE/000051 system resulting in a substantial enterprise odour emission reduction and energy saving during oilseed pressing LIFE04 Implementation of a Integrated LIFE III 2004 2004 2007 1,495,783 746,892 Regional au- No Strategic ENV/DE/000052 Management system for small thority Approaches and medium enterprises LIFE04 Ultrafine particle size distributions LIFE III 2004 2004 2008 868,639 397,196 Regional au- No Air ENV/DE/000054 in air pollution monitoring net- thority works LIFE04 Supporting Tourism Enterprises LIFE III 2004 2004 2008 743,955 350,162 University No Strategic ENV/DE/000055 for Eco-Labelling and Environ- Approaches mental Management LIFE04 Realisation of a 100.000 Mg/a LIFE III 2004 2003 2007 4,334,629 1,344,939 Regional au- No Natural re- ENV/DE/000056 plant with the newly developed thority sources and ZAK-process with the aim to pro- waste duce economically from domestic waste of high-value, quality- optimized, secondary combustible material.

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE04 Enhanced Nutrients Removal in LIFE III 2004 2004 2007 3,417,378 562,463 Development No Water ENV/DE/000058 Membrane Bioreactor agency LIFE05 Water Resources Management in LIFE III 2005 2005 2009 6,895,712 3,447,856 Regional au- No Water ENV/D/000182 Cooperation with Agriculture. Extension thority Compilation and Implementation of Integrative Programmes of Measures According to the WFD to Reduce Diffuse Pollution from Agriculture. LIFE05 Demonstration of environmentally LIFE III 2005 2005 2007 4,762,281 1,405,130 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000185 friendly aluminium engine block Extension enterprise sources and Core Package casting (CPS) us- waste ing an inorganic binder LIFE05 Transfer of the organic constitu- LIFE III 2005 2005 2008 858,560 247,818 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000193 ents of sewage sludge into a Extension enterprise sources and soluble form for an efficient pro- waste duction of biogas LIFE05 Sustainable, AOX-free Super- LIFE III 2005 2005 2009 2,384,342 704,053 SME No Water ENV/D/000195 wash Finishing of Wool Tops for Extension the Yarn Production LIFE05 Demonstration and Training LIFE III 2005 2005 2009 4,248,800 1,661,775 Research insti- No Air ENV/D/000197 Lead-Free Soldering for Euro- Extension tutions pean Industry in Order to Promote Environment-Friendly Electronic Production LIFE05 Hydro-Mechanical De-scaling LIFE III 2005 2005 2009 1,907,000 536,100 SME No Water ENV/D/000207 Process based on High-Pressure Extension Vacuum Technology Using Scales as Abrasive Blast Medium

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE06 Waste prevention through sew- LIFE III 2006 2006 2010 3,812,320 768,696 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000460 age sludge reuse for efficient en- Extension enterprise sources and ergy generation at waste water waste treatment sites LIFE06 Large scale adjustment of new LIFE III 2006 2006 2010 2,748,053 1,303,314 Regional au- No Water ENV/D/000461 technology for fast, precise and Extension thority cost-efficient hydraulic 2d- modelling of flood (hazard) areas by combining laser scanning with remote sensing data LIFE06 Zero.Emission.Ships LIFE III 2006 2006 2010 5,158,348 2,384,424 Regional au- No Air ENV/D/000465 Extension thority LIFE06 Optimising process Water Han- LIFE III 2006 2008 2009 3,627,835 698,000 International No Natural re- ENV/D/000470 dling in S-PVC Production - Extension enterprise sources and PVClean waste LIFE06 Environmentally Friendly Facade LIFE III 2006 2006 2010 2,192,890 900,200 University No Strategic ENV/D/000471 Elements made of thermal insu- Extension Approaches lated Textile Reinforced Concrete (INSU-SHELL) LIFE06 Improvement of Nat Efficiency by LIFE III 2006 2006 2010 3,778,392 1,068,793 SME No Climate ENV/D/000475 Superconducting current limiter Extension change for 110kV LIFE06 Particulates, Freight and heavy LIFE III 2006 2006 2009 2,188,079 971,182 Local authority No Urban envi- ENV/D/000477 duty vehicles in Urban Environ- Extension ronment ments LIFE06 Integrated Wastewater Purifica- LIFE III 2006 2006 2011 12,267,764 1,899,029 Public enter- No Water ENV/D/000478 tion Management Extension prise LIFE06 Demonstration of an innovative LIFE III 2006 2006 2009 4,115,882 1,212,685 SME No Climate ENV/D/000479 wind propulsion technology for Extension change cargo vessels

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International LIFE+ generation year year year budget financing type partners theme (EUR) budget (yes/no) (EUR) LIFE06 Demonstration Plant in the Kinzig LIFE III 2006 2006 2011 6,618,501 1,695,375 SME No Water ENV/D/000485 River: Moveable Hydroelectric Extension Power Plant for Ecological River Improvements and Fish Migration Reestablishment LIFE06 Conversion of Waste for use as LIFE III 2006 2006 2009 4,472,942 1,203,535 Public enter- No Natural re- ENV/D/000488 construction material for environ- Extension prise sources and mentally friendly closing of indus- waste trial landfills

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Table 3 Overview of LIFE Nature Projects in Germany

Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International Directive generation year year year budget financing type partners (Birds, (EUR) (EUR) (yes/no) Habitats) or biodiversity LIFE96 NAT/D/003036 Protection program for en- LIFE II 1996 1997 2001 156,314 78,157 NGO- No Habitats dangered dragonfly species Foundation in the Southwest of Ger- many LIFE96 NAT/D/003038 Meadow Habitat Elzwiesen LIFE II 1996 1996 2000 425,037 212,518 Regional au- No Habitats Rheinhausen thority LIFE96 NAT/D/003040 Stabilization of the popula- LIFE II 1996 1997 2001 583,573 291,787 Regional au- No Habitats tion of beaver and otter thority LIFE96 NAT/D/003041 Meadows, arid grasslands LIFE II 1996 1996 2000 800,329 400,165 Regional au- No Habitats and springs in the lower Isar thority Valley LIFE96 NAT/D/003042 Protection and Develop- LIFE II 1996 1997 2001 599,465 239,786 Regional au- No Habitats ment of the Population of thority Jurinea cyanoides (Silber- scharte) in the typical plan association on continental dunes (Sandgrasheiden) near Volkach LIFE96 NAT/D/003043 Protection and Develop- LIFE II 1996 1996 2003 1,286,467 643,233 Regional au- No Habitats ment for Benningen Marsh thority (Benniger Ried) LIFE96 NAT/D/003047 Conservation and develop- LIFE II 1996 1997 2003 1,662,142 831,071 Regional au- No Habitats ment of nature of the Fed- thority erseelandscape (SENF) LIFE97 NAT/D/004216 Re-naturalisation of river, LIFE II 1997 1998 2002 2,405,194 1,202,597 Park-Reserve No Habitats back water and floodplain authority along Middle Elbe

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International Directive generation year year year budget financing type partners (Birds, (EUR) (EUR) (yes/no) Habitats) or biodiversity LIFE97 NAT/D/004219 Improvement of the SPA LIFE II 1997 1997 2000 1,874,946 749,978 NGO- No Birds 'Rieselfelder Münster" Foundation LIFE97 NAT/D/004222 Measures for supporting LIFE II 1997 1997 2001 536,757 268,378 NGO- No Birds and increasing populations Foundation of Bittern (Botaurus stellaris) in Bavarian fishponds LIFE97 NAT/D/004224 Raised bogs and habitats LIFE II 1997 1997 2001 1,464,510 732,255 Regional au- No Birds for the corncrake in South- thority ern Chiemgau LIFE97 NAT/D/004231 Wetland Habitat Manage- LIFE II 1997 1998 2003 663,066 331,533 Park-Reserve No Birds ment in the Schaalsee Na- authority ture Park in special consid- eration in the Bittern and Corncrake species LIFE97 NAT/D/004233 Preservation and develop- LIFE II 1997 1997 2002 376,601 188,300 Regional au- No Birds ment of brood habitats of thority the Crex crex near to the Lower Elbe LIFE98 NAT/D/005061 Restoration of the Recknitz LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 2,465,084 1,479,050 Regional au- No Birds valley fen (Special Protec- thority tion Area) LIFE98 NAT/D/005064 Rhön Biotope region - Build- LIFE II 1998 1998 2002 2,097,225 1,258,335 Regional au- No Habitats ing Block for Natura 2000 thority LIFE98 NAT/D/005081 Protection of Priority Bog LIFE II 1998 1998 2004 1,062,318 531,159 Park-Reserve No Birds Habitats and of the Bittern authority (Botaurus stellaris) in the Area of Upper Havel LIFE98 NAT/D/005085 Re-wetting of the Ochsen- LIFE II 1998 1998 2001 702,458 351,229 Regional au- No Habitats moor on the Dümmer thority

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International Directive generation year year year budget financing type partners (Birds, (EUR) (EUR) (yes/no) Habitats) or biodiversity LIFE98 NAT/D/005087 Integrated Habitat Protec- LIFE II 1998 1998 2002 228,651 114,326 Research No Birds tion for the Grouse in the institutions Black Forest LIFE98 NAT/D/005100 Improvement of the SPA LIFE II 1998 1998 2003 2,755,952 1,377,976 NGO- No Birds Moore und Heiden des Foundation west. Münsterlandes (moor- land and heaths of the western Münsterland region) LIFE98 NAT/D/005105 Protection of Birds in the LIFE II 1998 1999 2002 658,023 197,407 Regional au- No Birds Wadden Sea by Means of thority Visitor Guidance LIFE98 NAT/D/005372 Lower Inn with riparian LIFE II 1998 1998 2002 3,822,939 1,911,470 Regional au- Yes Habitats woodland thority LIFE99 NAT/D/005927 Optimisation of the pSCI LIFE II 1999 1999 2004 687,964 343,982 NGO- No Habitats "Ahsewiesen" Foundation LIFE99 NAT/D/005931 Ems flood plain : uninter- LIFE II 1999 1999 2004 2,610,145 1,305,073 Local author- No Habitats rupted passage for fauna, ity lenghtening of the course of the river, dynamic flood plain processes LIFE99 NAT/D/005936 Regeneration of the "Ram- LIFE II 1999 1999 2004 1,286,513 643,256 Park-Reserve No Birds bower Moor" for protecting authority bittern (Botaurus stellaris) LIFE99 NAT/D/005938 Restoration of the river LIFE II 1999 1999 2005 2,159,697 1,079,848 Local author- No Birds country Sude-Schaale ity LIFE99 NAT/D/005940 Biotope-Network "Wes- LIFE II 1999 1999 2005 2,018,580 1,009,290 Regional au- No Habitats tlicher Untersee" (Lake thority Constance)

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International Directive generation year year year budget financing type partners (Birds, (EUR) (EUR) (yes/no) Habitats) or biodiversity LIFE99 NAT/D/005943 Bittern Recovery Pro- LIFE II 1999 1999 2004 1,526,744 763,372 Park-Reserve No Birds gramme at the SPA authority Schorfheide-Chorin LIFE99 NAT/D/006051 Prackendorfer and Kulzer LIFE II 1999 1999 2002 511,292 255,646 NGO- No Habitats Moos Foundation LIFE00 NAT/D/007038 Restoration project 'Galen- LIFE II 2000 2001 2008 5,780,907 4,046,635 Local author- No Habitats becker See' for priority spe- ity cies LIFE00 NAT/D/007039 LIFE-Project 'Grinden- LIFE II 2000 2001 2006 1,786,914 893,457 Local author- No Birds scharzwald' ity LIFE00 NAT/D/007042 Optimization of the SPA LIFE II 2000 2001 2007 4,534,432 2,267,216 NGO- No Birds 'Düsterdieker Niederung' Foundation LIFE00 NAT/D/007043 "Hohes Moor" peat bog LIFE II 2000 2001 2006 1,288,500 644,250 Regional au- No Habitats thority LIFE00 NAT/D/007057 Restoration of clear water LIFE II 2000 2001 2006 1,912,950 1,147,770 Regional au- No Habitats lakes, mires and swamp thority forests of the Lake Stechlin LIFE00 NAT/D/007058 Regeneration and preserva- LIFE II 2000 2001 2006 1,433,218 842,732 NGO- No Habitats tion of dry grassland in Foundation Germany LIFE02 NAT/D/008456 Re-wetting of the Western LIFE III 2002 2002 2007 3,103,000 1,551,500 Regional au- No Habitats Dümmer fen area thority LIFE02 NAT/D/008457 Restoration of a freshwater LIFE III 2002 2002 2007 5,086,538 3,051,923 Regional au- No Habitats section of the estuary of the thority River Elbe especially for Oenanthe conioides LIFE02 NAT/D/008458 Large freshwater mussels LIFE III 2002 2002 2007 1,056,158 528,079 Regional au- No Habitats Unionoidea in the border thority area of Bavaria, Saxonia and the Czech Republic

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International Directive generation year year year budget financing type partners (Birds, (EUR) (EUR) (yes/no) Habitats) or biodiversity LIFE02 NAT/D/008461 Restoration and conserva- LIFE III 2002 2002 2006 1,094,750 766,325 NGO- No Habitats tion of xeric grasslands in Foundation Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) LIFE02 NAT/D/008462 Optimisation of the Blitzen- LIFE III 2002 2002 2007 1,156,850 694,110 Development No Habitats reuter Seenplatte biosphere agency LIFE2002NAT/CP/D/000004 Grouse and tourism in LIFE III 2002 2002 2005 60,000 60,000 Research No Birds NATURA 2000 areas institutions LIFE2002NAT/ST/D/000003 Kohärentes LIFE III 2002 2002 2003 29,850 29,850 No Biodiversity Lebensraumnetz im Mosel - Fliessgewässersystem LIFE2002NAT/ST/D/000005 Sichere Zugwege für die LIFE III 2002 2002 2003 29,910 29,910 No Birds Zwerggans - Vorbereitungspojekt LIFE2002NAT/ST/D/000006 Bombina bombina - A Baltic LIFE III 2002 2002 2003 44,750 28,750 No Habitats Conservation Strategy LIFE03 NAT/D/000001 Medebacher Bucht - Build- LIFE III 2003 2003 2010 3,083,498 1,541,749 NGO- No Habitats ing block for Natura 2000 Foundation LIFE03 NAT/D/000002 Measures of optimisation of LIFE III 2003 2003 2008 536,000 268,000 NGO- No Habitats petrifying springs with tufa Foundation formation (Cratoneurion) and their surroundings in the Franconian Alb LIFE03 NAT/D/000003 Restoration of the habitat LIFE III 2003 2003 2009 2,323,735 1,161,867 NGO- No Habitats type "oligotropic low moun- Foundation tain stream" LIFE03 NAT/D/000004 Regeneration of "Grosses LIFE III 2003 2003 2008 1,800,400 900,200 NGO- No Habitats Torfmoor" Foundation

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Id. Title LIFE Funding Start End Total LIFE co- Beneficiary International Directive generation year year year budget financing type partners (Birds, (EUR) (EUR) (yes/no) Habitats) or biodiversity LIFE03 NAT/D/000005 Conservation and develop- LIFE III 2003 2003 2008 2,440,050 1,830,038 Regional au- No Habitats ment of the inland salt thority marshes of Northern Thur- ingia LIFE03 NAT/D/000006 Near-natural river dynamics LIFE III 2003 2004 2008 2,000,000 1,000,000 Local author- No Habitats on the River Ems in Lower ity Saxony LIFE03 NAT/D/000007 Main valley between Hass- LIFE III 2003 2003 2008 1,874,500 937,250 Regional au- No Habitats furt and Eltmann thority LIFE2003NAT/CP/D/000009 Handbook for Actions to LIFE III 2003 2004 2006 100,000 100,000 Regional au- No Birds Promote Bittern in Europe thority LIFE04 NAT/DE/000025 Living Rhine floodplain near LIFE III 2004 2004 2010 7,000,000 3,500,000 Regional au- No Habitats Karlsruhe thority LIFE04 NAT/DE/000028 Management of fire-bellied LIFE III 2004 2004 2010 2,266,293 1,064,233 NGO- No Habitats toads in the Baltic region Foundation LIFE05 NAT/D/000051 Large Herbivores for Main- LIFE III 2005 2005 2010 928,996 464,498 Regional au- No Habitats tenance and Conservation Extension thority of Coastal Heaths LIFE05 NAT/D/000053 Rosenheimer master basin LIFE III 2005 2005 2011 1,874,014 937,007 Regional au- No Habitats bogs Extension thority LIFE05 NAT/D/000055 Protection and cultivation of LIFE III 2005 2005 2010 1,772,433 1,061,210 Local author- No Habitats the Juniper heaths of the Extension ity Osteifel LIFE05 NAT/D/000056 Upper Hotzenwald LIFE III 2005 2005 2011 1,691,852 845,926 Regional au- No Habitats Extension thority LIFE05 NAT/D/000057 Optimisation of the pSCI LIFE III 2005 2005 2010 5,514,593 2,757,297 Local author- No Habitats "Lippe flood plain between Extension ity Hamm and Hangfort"

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Appendix 2 Summary tables on LIFE Environment projects in Germany

Table 4 Overview of LIFE ENV projects in Germany by year, 1996-2006

Generation Year Number of Total budget Total LIFE Average Average projects (EUR co-financing duration LIFE funding million) budget (EUR (years) per project million) (EUR million)

LIFE II 1996 11 17.6 5.0 4.0 0.5 1997 14 17.3 5.1 3.0 0.4 1998 16 29.8 6.9 2.8 0.4 1999 18 25.3 7.6 2.9 0.4 Total 59 90.0 24.7 3.1 0.4 LIFE III 2000 13 28.7 8.7 3.5 0.7 2002 7 14.9 4.4 3.1 0.6 2003 7 9.0 2.9 3.6 0.4 2004 8 18.1 5.0 3.9 0.6 Total 35 71 21 3.5 0.6 LIFE III 2005 extension 6 21.1 8.0 3.5 1.3

2006 11 51.0 14.1 3.6 1.3 Total 17 72.0 22.1 3.6 1.3 Grand total 111 232.7 67.9 3.3 0.6 Comparative figures for all 1,076 1,947.7 615.9 3.3 0.6 ENV projects

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Table 5 Overview of LIFE ENV projects in Germany 1996-2006 by theme

LIFE+ theme No. of In % of Total In % of LIFE In % of projects total budget total contribution total (EUR (EUR million) million)

Climate change 8 7% 13.7 6% 3.9 6% Air 16 14% 25.3 11% 9.2 14% Water 29 26% 75.6 32% 21.4 32% Soil 6 5% 8.3 4% 3.3 5% Forests 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Natural resources and waste 34 31% 80.5 35% 20.0 29%

Chemicals 2 2% 5.0 2% 0.8 1% Urban environment 5 5% 6.2 3% 2.9 4% Strategic approaches 11 10% 18.1 8% 6.4 9% Total 111 100% 232.7 100% 67.9 100%

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Table 6 Germany LIFE ENV projects 1996-2006 according to beneficiary type

No. of In % of Total In % of LIFE In % of projects total budget total contribution total Beneficiary type (EUR (EUR million) million) Public entities National authority 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Regional authority 8 7% 23.1 10% 10.2 15% Local authority 9 8% 15.3 7% 5.8 9% Development agency 4 4% 7.4 3% 1.9 3% Intergovernmental body 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Park-reserve authority 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Sub-total 21 19% 45.8 20% 17.9 26% Public and private enterprises International enterprise 22 20% 58.4 25% 11.8 17% Large enterprise 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% SME Small and medium sized enterprise 2 2% 3.8 2% 1.3 2% Mixed enterprise 6 5% 20.5 9% 4.7 7% Public enterprise 28 25% 58.1 25% 15.4 23% Sub-total 58 52% 140.8 60% 33.1 49% NGOs and research NGO-Foundation 8 7% 6.7 3% 3.2 5% Research institutions 8 7% 12.5 5% 4.9 7% University 7 6% 14.0 6% 6.0 9% Training centre 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Sub-total 23 21% 33.2 14% 14.2 21% None indicated 9 8% 13.0 6% 2.8 4% Total 111 100% 232.7 100% 67.9 100%

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Appendix 3 Summary tables on LIFE Nature projects in Germany

Table 7 Overview of LIFE NAT projects in Germany, 1996-2006

Generation Year Number of Total budget Total LIFE Average Average projects (EUR co-financing duration LIFE funding million) budget (EUR (years) per project million) (EUR million)

LIFE II 1996 7 5.5 2.7 4.7 0.4 1997 6 7.3 3.5 4.2 0.6 1998 8 13.8 7.2 4.0 0.9 1999 7 10.8 5.4 5.0 0.8 Total 28 37.4 18.8 4.5 0.7 LIFE III 2000 6 16.7 9.8 5.5 1.6 2002 9 11.7 6.7 3.3 0.7 2003 8 14.2 7.7 4.9 1.0 2004 2 9.3 4.6 6.0 2.3 Total 25 52 29 4.6 1.2 LIFE III 2005 extension 7 19.3 10.9 5.6 1.6

2006 4 8.7 5.3 5.0 1.3 Total 11 28.0 16.2 5.4 1.5 Grand total 64 117.3 63.9 4.7 1.0 Comparative figures for all 771 1,224.1 637.2 4.2 0.8 NAT projects

Table 8 Categories of LIFE NAT projects in Germany, 1996-2006

LIFE NAT themes No. of In % of total Total budget In % of LIFE In % of projects (EUR million) total contribution total (EUR million

Habitats Directive 44 69% 91.7 78% 51.0 80% Birds Directive 19 30% 25.6 22% 12.8 20% Biodiversity projects 1 2% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Total 64 100% 117.3 100% 63.9 100%

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Table 9 Germany LIFE NAT projects 1996-2006 according to beneficiary type

No. of In % of Total In % of LIFE In % of projects total budget total contribution total Beneficiary type (EUR (EUR million) million) Public entities National authority 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Regional authority 30 47% 54.1 46% 29.1 46% Local authority 7 11% 21.6 18% 12.1 19% Development agency 1 2% 1.2 1% 0.7 1% Intergovernmental body 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Park-reserve authority 5 8% 6.9 6% 3.5 5% Sub-total 43 67% 83.8 71% 45.4 71% Public and private enterprises International enterprise 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Large enterprise 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% SME Small and medium sized enterprise 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Mixed enterprise 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Public enterprise 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Sub-total 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% NGOs and research NGO-Foundation 16 25% 33.1 28% 18.1 28% Research institutions 2 3% 0.3 0% 0.2 0% University 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Training centre 0 0% 0.0 0% 0.0 0% Sub-total 18 28% 33.4 28% 18.3 29% None indicated 3 5% 0.1 0% 0.1 0% Total 64 100% 117.3 100% 63.9 100%

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Annex 1 Additional information on LIFE projects in Germany

Die Europäische Kommission hat im Rahmen des Programms LIFE-Umwelt die Finanzierung von innovativen Umweltprojekten in 17 Ländern genehmigt. Dabei handelt es sich um 89 Projekte, die neue Verfahren und Techniken für ein breites Spektrum von Umweltproblemen aufzeigen.

Die Europäische Kommission hat im Rahmen des Programms LIFE-Umwelt die Finanzierung von innovativen Umweltprojekten in 17 Ländern genehmigt.

Dabei handelt es sich um 89 Projekte, die neue Verfahren und Techniken für ein breites Spektrum von Umweltproblemen aufzeigen. Sie sollen einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Umweltschutz in Europa leisten. Die Investitionen belaufen sich auf insgesamt 220 Mio. EUR, wovon 71 Mio. EUR von der EU bereitgestellt werden.

LIFE-Umwelt-Projekte 2005 in Deutschland - sechs Projekte Zwei Projekte betreffen die Wasserbewirtschaftung. Das erste verfolgt im Einklang mit der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie einen integrierten Ansatz zur Reduzierung der diffusen Verschmutzung durch die Landwirtschaft.

Das zweite Projekt befasst sich mit Abwasseraufbereitungsverfahren unter Verwendung einer innovativen Technologie zur Überführung organischer Bestandteile von Klärschlamm in eine lösliche Form für eine effiziente Produktion von Biogas.

Bei zwei Projekten werden saubere Technologien zur Minimierung der Umweltfolgen wirtschaftlicher Tätigkeiten untersucht. Mit dem einen wird die technische und ökologische Zweckmäßigkeit eines neuen anorganischen Verbundwerkstoffs für das Gießen von Aluminium-Motorblöcken geprüft. Dieses Verfahren soll die Energiekosten um 30 % senken und die Abfallmenge erheblich reduzieren.

Das zweite Projekt betrifft die Vorbehandlung bei der Wollgarnerzeugung. Durch eine nachhaltige Plasma-Vorbehandlung soll erreicht werden, dass die Emission absorbierbarer organischer Halogenide sinkt und die Verwendung von Chemikalien im Reinigungsprozess deutlich zurückgeht.

Bei einem Projekt aus dem Bereich Abfallwirtschaft und Abfallvermeidung wird ein Schulungsprogramm für bleifreies Löten in der europäischen Elektronikindustrie erstellt.

Mit dem sechsten Projekt wird versucht, die Umweltfolgen in der Stahlindustrie, wo gefährliche Säuren zur Entzunderung von kaltgewalzten Blechen eingesetzt werden, zu minimieren. Dabei wird ein neues chemikalienfreies Verfahren auf Basis der Hochdruck-Vakuumtechnologie eingesetzt.

Für das Programm LIFE-Natur genehmigte die EU-Kommission 2005 die finanzielle Unterstützung für 54 Naturschutzprojekte in 20 Mitgliedstaaten und Beitrittsländern. Die Projekte haben die Wiederherstellung von Naturschutzgebieten mit ihrer Pflanzen- und Tierwelt, die Sensibilisierung der Öffentlichkeit und eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit mit Interessengruppen zum Ziel. Sie tragen so weiter zum Aufbau des EU-weiten Netzes geschützter Gebiete "Natura 2000" bei. Die Gesamtinvestition für alle Projekte beläuft sich auf 125,7 Mio. EUR, wovon die EU 69 Mio. EUR bereitstellt.

EU-Kommissar Stavros Dimas erklärte zur Projektförderung durch Life-Natur: "Ich stelle mit großer Zufriedenheit fest, dass europäische Fördermittel im Rahmen lokaler, regionaler und nationaler

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Maßnahmen für den Erhalt von Tier- und Pflanzenarten sowie ihrer Lebensräume verwendet werden. Ich hatte bei Besuchen von LIFE-Natur-Schutzgebieten persönlich die Möglichkeit, mich von der außergewöhnlichen Wirkung dieser dynamischen Zusammenarbeit zu überzeugen."

LIFE-Natur-Projekte 2005 in Deutschland - 7 Projekte Natürliche Überflutungsgebiete sollen auf einer Länge von 10 km entlang der Lippe bei Hamm (Nordrhein-Westfalen) wiederhergestellt werden. Davon betroffen sind 600 ha Land.

Das zweite Projekt betrifft Moore und Feuchtwiesen bei Rosenheim (Bayern). Auf einer Fläche von 1100 ha sollen 450 ha Hochmoor durch den Bau von Dämmen in Entwässerungsgräben und durch die Entfernung von Gewächsen wiederhergestellt werden.

Im Mittelpunkt des dritten Projektes (südlicher Schwarzwald) stehen unterschiedliche Lebensräume (Borstgrasrasen, Bergmähwiesen, Heidegebiete, Wälder und Hochmoore) im 2000 ha großen Hotzenwald.

Das vierte Projekt betrifft einen in Europa sehr seltenen Lebensraum: Salzwiesen im Binnenland, die um Kochsalzquellen herum entstehen. Im Mittelpunkt des Projekts stehen 5 Binnensalzstellen in Brandenburg.

Ein Projekt in der Eifel östlich von Koblenz (Rheinland-Pfalz) betrifft Borstgrasrasen und Heideland. Öko-Tourismus soll entwickelt und gefördert werden.

Das sechste Projekt betrifft einen aufgelassenen Truppenübungsplatz in der Nähe von Cuxhaven, der aus Küstendünen und lichten, mit Grasflächen-Habitaten durchsetzten Eichenbeständen besteht. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes sollen verschiedene Arten von großen Pflanzenfressern (Heckrind, Wisent, Konik-Pony) zur Beweidung von 350 ha bewaldeten Grünlandes angesiedelt werden.

Das letzte Projekt ist grenzübergreifend und betrifft an der Ostseeküste gelegene Küstenwiesen an 34 Standorten - vorwiegend in Dänemark, aber auch in Schweden, Schleswig-Holstein (Deutschland) und Estland - beispielsweise die Insel Saltholm, die seit Generationen von einer Naturschutzvereinigung im nahe liegenden Kopenhagen betreut wird.

LIFE ist das Finanzinstrument der EU zur Förderung von Umwelt- und Naturschutzprojekten in der EU sowie in einigen Beitritts-, Kandidaten- und Nachbarländern. Es dient der Finanzierung bestimmter Maßnahmen zur Entwicklung und Umsetzung der EU-Umweltpolitik. Seit 1992 wurden über das LIFE- Programm etwa 2500 Projekte finanziert und der Umweltschutz auf diese Weise mit insgesamt 1,5 Mrd. EUR gefördert.

Das jetzige LIFE-Programm ("LIFE III") läuft Ende 2006 aus. Die Kommission hat ein neues Programm unter der Bezeichnung "LIFE +" vorgeschlagen, das von 2007-2013 laufen und über eine Mittelausstattung von 2,19 Mrd. EUR verfügen soll. Der Vorschlag wird zurzeit noch im Ministerrat und im Europäischen Parlament geprüft.

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