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Cafo) Expansion and County Board Politics in Rural Illinois

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Cafo) Expansion and County Board Politics in Rural Illinois ABSTRACT LINKAGES BETWEEN CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATION (CAFO) EXPANSION AND COUNTY BOARD POLITICS IN RURAL ILLINOIS Eric A. Sterling, MA Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University, 2015 Kendall Thu, Advisor Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are rapidly expanding in rural Illinois. This research explores the political power linkages between county boards and corporate entities in four Illinois counties. The hypothesis is that collusion and impropriety within county board politics and CAFO expansion in rural Illinois are attributed to stakeholder influence and power at the local county government level. My research revealed a connection between ownership of CAFOs, county board political power, and endorsement of expansion. Utilizing Walter Goldschmidt’s method of a controlled comparison, the research analyzes two CAFO inundated counties (Pike and Adams) with two less affected counties (LaSalle and Peoria). Considering the political nature of the research, data collection was forced into engaging secondary text sources to study up, down, and sideways on local government officials. The documents analyzed were public information meeting transcripts, county board meeting transcripts, municipal meeting transcripts, plat maps, public websites, and Freedom of Information Act requests (FOIAs). FOIAs were obtained through government entities and other confidential sources. Citizens are distressed by the proliferation of CAFOs. Through interviews, participant observation, field notes, and archival work, the research indicates that people have knowledge that social stratification is much greater in counties with CAFO proliferation. Citizens that have CAFOs built in close proximity to their property are angered by the permitting system. Considering the amount of pollution and social degradation connected to rapid expansion from livestock farming in Illinois, this research on the linkages between corporate agribusiness and county board politics fills a gap previously overlooked by anthropologists. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DEKALB, ILLINOIS AUGUST 2015 LINKAGES BETWEEN CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDING OPERATION (CAFO) EXPANSION AND COUNTY BOARD POLITICS IN RURAL ILLINOIS BY ERIC A. STERLING © 2015 Eric A. Sterling A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY Thesis Advisor: Kendall Thu ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With warmest thanks for advice and academic inspiration, Dr. Kendall Thu, and for other various reasons for which I owe my gratitude: Danielle Diamond, Faye V. Harrison, Lynn Henning, Karen Hudson, Virginia Woolf, Valerie Baron, Tom Walsh, Loka and Barbara Ashwood, Amy Goodman, Giovanni Bennardo, Rachel Pierce, April Phelps-Law, Mark Schuller, Kristen Borre, Susan Russell, Ashley Williams, Fred E. Sterling, Fred A. Sterling, Judith Sterling, Laura Sterling, Brett Wilson, Christopher Budvitis, Bernie Sanders, Mahatma Gandhi, Henry David Thoreau, Josiah McC. Heyman, Dorothy Stripeik, Dan Kenney, Susan Baatz, Bruce Markwalter, Judy Koehler, George Lakoff, Michael Piazza, Galileo Galilei, Lao Tzu, Charles Baudelaire, Sheelah McLean, Nina Wilson, Sylvia McAdam, Jessica Gordon, bell hooks, Dziga Vertov, David H. Price, Barbara Rose Johnston, Arundhati Roy, Medea Benjamin, Joe Strummer, Scott McCaughey, Kurt Bloch, Paul Westerberg, Slim Dunlap, Mark Panick, Tom Waits, Joel and Ethan Coen, Gregg Deal, Jenny Powers, Fred Roth, David Graeber, Robert Allen Zimmerman, The NIU Writing Center, Susan Richter, and last, but not least, my life partner, Camille Piazza, and her progeny, Peter, Catrina, and Jeena Crones. DEDICATION To the Sterling and Piazza families TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................................viii LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 2. THEORETICAL LITERATURE .............................................................................. 5 Cultural Ecology .................................................................................................. 5 Neofuntionalism .................................................................................................. 6 Political Ecology ................................................................................................. 8 3. INDUSTRIAL AGRICULTUR .............................................................................. 12 4. METHODS .............................................................................................................. 19 Research Design ................................................................................................ 19 Ethnographic Methods ....................................................................................... 21 Political Ecology Archival Work ...................................................................... 24 5. ETHNOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND ..................................................................... 27 Illinois’ Great Development Period (1848-1860) .............................................. 27 Pike and Adams Counties .................................................................................. 28 LaSalle and Peoria Counties .............................................................................. 30 v Chapter Page Ethnographic Background Overview ................................................................ 31 6. RESULTS ................................................................................................................ 33 Interviews .......................................................................................................... 33 Pike and Adams Counties Combined ................................................................ 34 Pike County ....................................................................................................... 51 Adams County ................................................................................................... 60 LaSalle County .................................................................................................. 71 Peoria County .................................................................................................... 78 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 81 7. THEORIZATION .................................................................................................... 84 8. APPLICATION ....................................................................................................... 88 9. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 91 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................... 96 APPENDICES ...................................................................................................................... 110 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Location of Four Counties in Research ......................................................................... 28 2. Adam and Pike Counties................................................................................................ 36 3. Pike County Board Members with a Personal or Familial Vested Interest in Industrial Livestock Production and Their LLC/Corporate Linkages ........................... 37 4. Adams County Board Members with a Personal or Familial Vested Interest in Industrial Livestock Production and Their LLC/Corporate Linkages ........................... 37 5. Pike County Municipal and Township Vested Interest ............................................... 38 6. Adams County Government with Vested Interest in CAFOs........................................ 39 7. CAFOs as Conceptualized by Citizens/Social Scientists............................................... 42 8. CAFOs as Conceptualized by Government/Corporations ............................................. 44 9. Adams and Pike Karst Area........................................................................................... 46 10. Illinois Manure Applicators and Haulers....................................................................... 49 11. Pike County Location .................................................................................................... 51 12. 46th Annual Pig Days Festival in Pittsfield, IL, Summer 2014...................................... 52 13. Lake Pittsfield, IL, Summer 2014.................................................................................. 53 14. Maschhoffs Grain Tower in Griggsville, IL, Summer 2014.......................................... 54 15. Pike County Board Vested Interest................................................................................ 56 16. Borrowman Brothers Involuntary Dissolution............................................................... 59 vii Figure Page 17. Blue Creek LLC............................................................................................................. 59 18. Blue Creek LLC Close-Up............................................................................................
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