Effects of the Proposed California Waterfix North Delta Diversion on Flow Reversals and Entrainment of Juvenile Chinook Salmon
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Prepared in cooperation with National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service Effects of the Proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on Flow Reversals and Entrainment of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, Northern California Open-File Report 2018–1028 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Image showing junction of the Sacramento River, Delta Cross Channel, and Georgiana Slough in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, northern California, February 21, 2014. Image source: Google EarthTM. Effects of the Proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on Flow Reversals and Entrainment of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, Northern California By Russell W. Perry, Jason G. Romine, Adam C. Pope, and Scott D. Evans Prepared in cooperation with National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service Open-File Report 2018–1028 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey William H. Werkheiser, Deputy Director exercising the authority of the Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2018 For more i nformation on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov/ or call 1–888–ASK–USGS (1–888–275–8747). For an overview of USGS information pr oducts, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https:/store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or tpr naoduc mes is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most pa rt, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Perry, R.W., Romine, J.G., Pope, A.C., and Evans, S.D., 2018, Effects of the proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on flow reversals and entrainment of j uvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2018-1028, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20181028. ISSN 2331-1258 (online) Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Evaluation of the Effects of the Proposed California WaterFix North Delta Diversion on Flow Reversals and Entrainment of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, Northern California ............................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Results .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................................. 22 Corrections of Bias in Delta Simulation Model 2 Discharge Predictions at the Junction of the Sacramento River with the Delta Cross Channel and Georgiana Slough ........................................................................................ 23 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 Methods ................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Results .................................................................................................................................................................. 24 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................................. 29 Simulation of Effects of the North Delta Diversion on Daily Entrainment Probability of Juvenile Chinook Salmon into Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel ......................................................................................... 30 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 30 Methods ................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Results .................................................................................................................................................................. 33 Discussion ............................................................................................................................................................. 40 References Cited ...................................................................................................................................................... 44 Appendix 1. Sensitivity Analysis—Differences between Scenarios for Day and Night Entrainment ........................ 45 Figures Figure 1. Map showing Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta with inset of detail of the junction of the Sacramento River with Georgiana Slough and the Delta Cross Channel, northern California ................................... 4 Figure 2. Graph showing effect of mean daily discharge on the probability of a flow reversal occurring on a given day with the Delta Cross Channel gate closed, at Freeport, on the Sacramento River just downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ...................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 3. Graphs showing effect of discharge on the duration of flow reversals at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 4. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion (NDD) on bypass discharge, probability and increase in probability of flow reversal, and proportion of the day and increase in proportion of the day with reverse flow for constant low-level pumping as defined in the NDD bypass rules, at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 5. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion (NDD) on bypass discharge, probability and increase in probability of flow reversal, and proportion of the day and increase in proportion of the day with reverse flow for October–November as defined in the NDD bypass rules, at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ............................................................................................ 11 Figure 6. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion (NDD) on bypass discharge, probability and increase in probability of flow reversal, and proportion of the day and increase in proportion of the day with reverse flow for Level 1 post-pulse operations in December–April as defined in the NDD bypass rules, at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ............................................................... 12 iii Figure 7. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion (NDD) on bypass discharge, probability and increase in probability of flow reversal, and proportion of the day and increase in proportion of the day with reverse flow for Level 2 post-pulse operations in December–April as defined in the NDD bypass rules, at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ............................................................... 13 Figure 8. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion (NDD) on bypass discharge, probability and increase in probability of flow reversal, and proportion of the day and increase in proportion of the day with reverse flow for Level 3 post-pulse operations in December–April as defined in the NDD bypass rules, at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California. .............................................................. 14 Figure 9. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion (NDD) on bypass discharge, probability and increase in probability of flow reversal, and proportion of the day and increase in proportion of the day with reverse flow for Level 1 post-pulse operations in May as defined in the NDD bypass rules, at Freeport on the Sacramento River downstream of Georgiana Slough, northern California ................................................................................... 15 Figure 10. Graphs showing effect of North Delta Diversion