5/15/2014
Development Orthodoxy: Persistent policy failure in the Himalayas
Netra Chhetri Consortium for Science, Policy and Outcomes Arizona State University
5/15/2014
Fast Facts
27.47 millions population (25.2% living below poverty) Ranked 157th out of 187 countries (HDR, 2013) High juvenile malnutrition (47% under 5 are stunted and 36% underweight) 1/3rd of working age male population migrate for work Agriculture is one of the largest contributors to national GDP (36%)
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…investment in agricultural development is crucial
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….struggle for agricultural development continues in mythical Shangri-La
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Netra Chhetri, Arizona State University 4 5/15/2014 Courtesy: M. Shrestha
One of the unique features of Nepal’s agriculture is its close coupling among crop, forest, rangeland & other common resources
Courtesy: M. Shrestha
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Courtesy: M. Shrestha
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Forms of agricultural development
Bottom-up Top-down
Generating income Managing risk Building capacity Confronting
Livelihoods Large scale NetraClumsy Chhetri, Arizona State University 7 5/15/2014Elegant
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Forms of engagement
Social mobilization Participatory Top-down Bilateral
Small scale Large scale
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Economic development activities
Small and diverse Specific and targeted
Livelihoods Market driven Netra Chhetri, Arizona State University 9 5/15/2014
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Engagement and participation
Courtesy: LI-BIRD Women in knowledge production Symbolic but changing
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Capacity building
Livelihoods focus Economic development
Courtesy: LI-BIRD
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Managing risk
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Agro-biodiversity increases the system’s resiliency
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Confronting challenges
Water harvesting
Conservation farming
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Funded by ADB, and implemented by the GON, the thrust of HIMALI project is the formation of commercially viable agribusinesses in the mountain region of Nepal
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Attract investment in the production of high- value agricultural products, value-added agribusiness that links producers to markets, and the packaging and marketing of processed agricultural products for both the domestic and export markets
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Educate farmers for enterprise creation, expansion and marketing of the local products; Provide business plan and assist to grant applications with commercially viable business plans Gather input and output market information Develop agribusiness promotion and networking value chain linkages.
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4 /Day = NRs 490
NRs 90/day NRs 180/day NRs 50/day Netra Chhetri, Arizona State University 20 5/15/2014 Courtesy: BB Tamang
It is seen as development success
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Farmer/entrepreneur
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There is a constant supply of knowledge from outside
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Jersey gets to eat the best
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Farmers are even growing forage – instead of food
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Buckwheat is increasingly replaced by forage
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There is market for milk
Courtesy: BB Tamang
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It is me - Lulu
3 L
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No investment
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NGO started operating in Nepal in 1995. LI-BIRD is committed to capitalizing on local initiatives for the sustainable management of renewable resources and to improving the livelihoods of resource-poor and marginalized people. It has been recognized as a center of excellence for its contribution for developing and promoting good practices for on-farm conservation of agricultural biodiversity.
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Participatory Plant Breeding
Judi 582 Lumle 2
Courtesy: LI:BIRD Courtesy: LI:BIRD
Mansara 5 Gulmi 2
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Domain/Re Terai/inner Terai/Mid hill Mid-hills High-hills gion river basins
Upland Judi 582, Mansara 4 Barkhe 1027, Barkhe 1036 Medium land Barkhe 2014, Biramphul 3, Lumle 2 Sunaulo Sugandha, Improved PJB Barkhe 3017-5
Lowland Barkhe 3004, Barkhe 3019 Courtesy: LI:BIRD
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Community Seed Banks Local seed security through seed banks – key to adaptation and mitigation using diverse crop varieties
Courtesy: LI:BIRD
Courtesy: LI:BIRD Courtesy: LI:BIRD Netra Chhetri, Arizona State University 34 5/15/2014
Neglected and Underutilized Species
Courtesy: LI:BIRD Courtesy: LI:BIRD Courtesy: LI:BIRD
Winter Bean Air potato Water Spinach
Courtesy: LI:BIRD Courtesy: LI:BIRD Courtesy: LI:BIRD
NetraFit Chhetri, weed Arizonaor Culantro State University Yam35 Rosella or Sorrell5/15/2014
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Lease Based Farming Provide lease land to the vulnerable communities as source of income which increase their adaptive capacity.
Courtesy: LI:BIRD
Courtesy: LI:BIRD
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Integrated Hedgerow Hedgerow technology for improving ecological stability of the sloping lands, reduce erosion and enhance carbon sequestration
Courtesy: LI:BIRD
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Community-based biodiversity fare
Courtesy: LI:BIRD
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Orthodoxy around development in the Himalayas Livelihoods focus Economic development
Participation Specialization
Social mobilization Social exclusion
Focus on local Top-down
a problem a
Clumsy Solutions
External support outcomeSingle
Co-creation Elegant solutionto Multiple Outcomes Multiple
Vulnerability focus Market driven
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When good is not good enough
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