Annual report TORVILD AAKVAAG BJARNE AAMODT OLAV AARNA LARS-ERIC AARO TEODOR AASTRUP KENT ABBÅS ENNO ABEL EGIL ABRAHAMSEN JONAS ABRAHAMSSON ERIK AGERMAN GUNNAR AGFORS CARLOS AUGUSTO LIRA AGUIAR CHRISTOPHER AHLBERG INGA-BRITT AHLENIUS LENNART AHLGREN GÖRAN AHLSTRÖM KRISTER AHLSTRÖM KRISTINA AHLSTRÖM ESKO AHO MATTI ALAHUHTA HORST ALBACH ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON PER-ÅKE ALBERTSSON EVA-LENA ALBIHN MARCUS ALDÉN UNO ALFREDEEN HENRIK ALFREDSSON BERT ALLARD THOMAS ALLARD STURE ALLÉN GUNNAR ALMGREN ANDREAS ALSÉN KRISTINA ALSÉR OLLE ALSHOLM LEO ALTING JAVIER ALVAREZ VARA JOHNNY ALVARSSON LOUIS AMÉEN JOAKIM AMORIM PIA ANDERBERG ARNE ANDERSSON BENGT ANDERSSON BERTIL ANDERSSON BJÖRN ANDERSSON BRITT-INGER ANDERSSON CURT ANDERSSON EVERT ANDERSSON GÖRAN ANDERSSON INGER ANDERSSON INGVAR ANDERSSON JOHAN ANDERSSON LARS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON PATRIK ANDERSSON ROLAND ANDERSSON ROLF ANDERSSON RUNE ANDERSSON SIV ANDERSSON SVEN-ERIK ANDERSSON SÖREN ANDERSSON THOMAS ANDERSSON TOMAS ANDERSSON ÅKE E ANDERSSON ROBERT ANDREEN PETER ANDREKSON CARL-GUSTAF ANDRÉN SVEN G ANDRÉN INGEGERD ANNERGREN KARIN ANNERWALL PARÖ MARKUS ANTONIETTI ULLA ANTONSSON JEANETTE ANTTILA MARIA ANVRET MASAHIKO AOKI KARIN APELMAN GUNILLA ARHÉN ANTTI ARJAS JOHN ARMSTRONG CHRISTEL ARMSTRONG-DARVIK SIGNHILD ARNEGÅRD-HANSEN ROAR ARNTZEN BERTIL ARONSSON LARS AROSENIUS FREDRIK ARP GÖRAN ARVIDSSON OLOF ARWIDI MICHAEL ASHBY LEIF ASP OLA ASPLUND PETER AUGUSTSSON JÖRGEN AXELSSON ANNA AXELSSON WÅLLBERG SVEN AXSÄTER ROLF BACK LARS BACKSELL SIGVARD BAHRKE CLAES BANKVALL DEAN BANNON SERGIO BARABASCHI JOHN S BARAS FRITZ BARK PERCY BARNEVIK ANDERS BAUDE CLAES-GÖRAN BECKEMAN DAVID BEJKER MONICA BELLGRAN CHARLOTTE BENGTSSON EWERT BENGTSSON JENS BENGTSSON NILS BENGTSSON ARNE BENNBORN MATS BENNER CARL BENNET CARL BENNET BENGT BERG CAROLINE BERG LARS BERG YLVA BERG MARTIN BERGDAHL SVEN-GUNNAR BERGDAHL BO BERGGREN THOMAS BERGLIN LARS BERGLUND KARL BERGMAN LARS BERGMAN MATS BERGMAN ROBERT BERGMAN CLAS BERGSTRÖM HANS BERGSTRÖM LENNART BERGSTRÖM PER-OLOV BERGSTRÖM STEN BERGSTRÖM VILLY BERGSTRÖM LARS BERN LARS BERTMAR KLAUS BIEDERMANN ARTHUR BIENENSTOCK LENNART BILLFALK JEAN-PIERRE BIRAT HÅKAN BIRKE MARIE BJELKSÄTER HANS BJUR GUNNAR BJURSELL STEN BJURSTRÖM ERIK BJÖRCK ANDERS BJÖRGERD TOMAS BJÖRK ANDERS BJÖRKLUND STIG BJÖRKMAN HANS BJÖRNSSON ERICH BLOCH ANDERS BLOM STINA BLOMBÄCK HENRIK BLOMQUIST CARL-HUGO BLUHME KLAUS BOCK KENNETH BODIN CONNY BOGENTOFT ORIOL BOHIGAS GUARDIOLA ERIK BOHLIN HOLGER BOHLIN NILS BOHLIN STAFFAN BOHMAN ANDERS BOMAN PÄR BOMAN INGRID BONDE HENRIK BORELIUS GUNNAR BORG GUNILLA BORGEFORS CARL BORREBÆCK HILTJO BOS ERIK BRANDSMA PONTUS BRAUNERHJELM HJALMAR BRISMAR GUNNAR BROCK HANNA BRODDA LEIF BRODÉN ANNETTE BRODIN RAMPE CHARLOTTE BROGREN PER BROMAN BENGT BROMS TORBJÖRN BRORSON KARL BROTZMANN BILL BROX NILS BRUNSSON PEGGY BRUZELIUS DAN BRÄNDSTRÖM RUNAR BRÄNNLUND ANDERS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS BRÄNNSTRÖM MAGNUS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS-JÖRG BULLINGER SONAT BURMAN-OLSSON HÅKAN BUSKHE KARIN BYMAN ANNA BÜNGER BRITT-MARIE BYSTEDT STIG BYSTEDT GÖRAN BÄCKBLOM FREDRIK BÄCKHED JAN BÄCKLUND PER-OVE BÄCKSTRÖM URBAN BÄCKSTRÖM LARS BÖRJESSON SOFIA BÖRJESSON SANTIAGO CALATRAVA LARS CALMFORS SUSANNA CAMPBELL JAN CARLÉN EMELIE CARLEÖ COLIN CARLILE HEIDI CARLSÉN CARL-ERIC CARLSON MARTIN CARLSON ULF CARLSON E H ROGER CARLSSON GÖRAN CARLSSON GÖRAN CARLSSON JAN OLOF CARLSSON JAN-OTTO CARLSSON JANNE CARLSSON MÅRTEN CARLSSON SUNE CARLSSON TOMAS CARLSSON TOMAS CARLSSON THOMAS CARLZON MICHEL CARPENTIER GÖRAN CARS BRYAN CARSBERG CHRISTIAN CASPAR TORD CEDELL KLAS CEDERWALL TORSTEN CEGRELL JÖRGEN CENTERMAN VINTON G CERF ROBERT CHABBAL TAO SOON CHAM ICHIRO CHIBATA ATTILA CHIKÁN SOON DAL CHOI JOHAN CHRISTENSON KUNMO CHUNG TORD CLAESON BRIAN CLARK P. JOHN CLARKSON CHRISTIAN CLAUSEN MÅNS COLLIN PETER COLLIN PONTUS CORNELIUS ANDERS CRAFT EDWARD F CRAWLEY INGEMAR CROON PAUL CRUTZEN BARBARA CZARNIAWSKA MAGNUS DAGERSKOG ANDERS DAHL ÅSA DAHL GÖRAN DAHLBERG BO DAHLBOM CLAES DAHLBÄCK JOHN DAHLFORS ERIK DAHLQUIST STEN DAHLQVIST HANS DALBORG HANS G DANIELMEYER ALRIK DANIELSON PER-ERIK DANIELSSON HELEN DANNETUN MAT DARVENIZA PER DAVIDSSON ETIENNE DAVIGNON CARLO DE BENEDETTI ISABELLA DE FEUDIS PONTUS DE LAVAL THIERRY DE MONTBRIAL CLAES DE NEERGAARD CARLOS DE OLIVEIRA PEIXOTO PER DELSING JOHAN DENNELIND BENGT DENNIS JAN DERNESTAM GEORGIA DESTOUNI MARIANNE DICANDER ALEXANDERSSON ULF DINKELSPIEL PIA DJUPMARK MARIA DOLLHOPF CARL DOUGLAS GUSTAF DOUGLAS DUNCAN DOWSON PETER DOYLE JAMES R DRAKE BRITT-MARIE DROTTZ SJÖBERG ANNA DUBOIS STEN DYBECK HANS DYRVOLD BJARNE DÄCKER CHRISTOPHER ECKERBERG RALPH EDEBO URBAN EDENSTRÖM PER-OLOF EDIN BERTIL EDLUND KRISTINA EDSTRÖM BO EDVARDSSON GUNNAR EDWALL BO EGARDT MARIE EHRLING MARIE EHRLING EERO EHRNROOTH GEORG EHRNROOTH HENRIK EHRNROOTH CHRISTIAN EKBERG ANDERS EKBLOM JOHAN EKESIÖÖ BÖRJE EKHOLM BÖRJE EKHOLM DAN EKLUND KLAS EKLUND ANNE-MARIE EKLUND LÖWINDER JAN-OLOF EKLUNDH BO EKMAN THOMAS EKMAN ANNA EKSTRÖM ÅKE EKSTRÖM EMAD EL-SHARKAWI THOMAS ELDERED LENNART ELFGREN BENGT-OLOF ELFSTRÖM GUNNAR ELIASSON JONAS ELIASSON PER- JONAS ELIÆSON MONIKA ELLING HÅKAN ELMQVIST ARNE ELMROTH PEJE EMILSSON SVEN-OLOF ENFORS SVERRE ENG SVEN ENGBLOM STEFAN ENGDAHL PETER ENGLUND MATZ ENGMAN BJÖRN ENGQUIST DAG ENGSTRÖM OLOF ENGSTRÖM PETER ENGSTRÖM LARS ENGWALL MATS ENGWALL HANS ENOCSON OLLE ENSTAM DITTE ERBING ENE ERGMA BERNT ERICSON HAMPUS ERICSSON HÅKAN ERICSSON K ANDERS ERICSSON MAGNUS ERICSSON STIG ERICSSON TORSTEN ERICSSON VERONICA ERICSSON-LAKSO ANNELI ERIKSSON CAJ ERIKSSON HÅKAN ERIKSSON LARS-ERIK ERIKSSON LENNART ERIKSSON MIKAEL ERIKSSON OLOF ERIKSSON PER ERIKSSON PER-OLOF ERIKSSON STAFFAN ERIKSSON LENA ERIXON CHARLOTTE ERKHAMMAR PEKKA ERKKILÄ SVEN ERLANDER GUNNAR ERLANDSSON BIRGIT ERNGREN WOHLIN BENGT ESKILSON SAEID ESMAEILZADEH LENNART EVRELL ULF EWALDSSON INKEN FABER GÖRAN FAGERLUND PER FAHLÉN BO FAHLIN CHARLES FAIRHURST KERSTIN FALCK THOMAS FALK ANNIKA FALKENGREN ANNA FALL PETER FALLENIUS WEITANG FAN YVES FARGE HARRY FAULKNER HANS JÜRGEN FEDERSEL KJELL-OLOF FELDT ANDREY MIKHAILOVICH FINKELSTEIN MARTIN FISCHER HELLMUT FISCHMEISTER BO W FJELKNER HARRY FLAM ANDERS FLODSTRÖM NIKLAS FLYBORG STAFFAN FOLESTAD HANS FOLKESSON OTTO FORGACS HANS G FORSBERG CBE KARIN FORSEKE STURE FORSÉN CHRISTER FORSGREN JACK FORSGREN ERIC FORSSBERG JOHAN FORSSELL EVA FORSSELL-ARONSSON VLADIMIR FORTOV GRETA FOSSUM ULRIKA FRANCKE ULRIKA FRANCKE HARRY FRANK KJELL FRANK SIGBRIT FRANKE TORSTEN FRANSSON PATRIC FREDELL LENNART FREDENBERG KERSTIN FREDGA OWE FREDHOLM PAM FREDMAN BILLY FREDRIKSSON HASSE FREDRIKSSON ÅKE FREDRIKSSON STIG FREYSCHUSS STIG FRIBERG PER ERIK FRICK JONAS FRISÉN HÅKAN FRISINGER TAGE FRISK TOMAS FROM JAN FRYK ÖSTEN FRÅNBERG ULLA-BRITT FRÄJDIN- HELLQVIST TORE FRÄNGSMYR LASZLO FUCHS CHRISTER FUGLESANG TAKAHIRO FUJIMOTO VIIVEKE FÅK PATRIK FÄLTSTRÖM EVA FÄRNSTRAND STEFAN FÖLSTER FRODE GALTUNG STEN GATENBECK PAUL GATENHOLM ANDRAS GEDEON ERNST GEIJER ULRIK GELIUS GÖRAN GELLERSTEDT TRYPHON GEORGIOU MAGDALENA GERGER HÅKAN GERGILS DARIUSH GHATAN IVAR GIAEVER JAMES GIBBONS MICHAEL GIBBONS ERIC GIERTZ KERSTIN GILLSBRO ANDREA GISLE JOOSEN CRISTINA GLAD SERGEI GLAVATSKIH JOHAN GLENNMO KRISTINA GLIMELIUS THOMAS GLÜCK MARY GOOD MALIN GRAFFNER NORDBERG SVEN GRAHN MARKUS GRANLUND LARS GRANLÖF CLAES-GÖRAN GRANQVIST ERIC GRANRYD OVE GRANSTRAND MARIANNE GRAUERS INGMAR GRENTHE SALVATORE GRIMALDI HERMANN GRIMMEISS GÖRAN GRIMVALL MAGNUS GROTH ROBERT W GRUBBSTRÖM ANDERS GRUDÉN ANDERS GRUFMAN PER GRUNEWALD LENNART GRÅNÄS PER-ERIC GRÄNS ANDERS GRÖNLUND BINGLIN GU CHUNYUAN GU SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON PETER GUDMUNDSON WACLAW GUDOWSKI JOHAN GULLICHSEN LARS GUNNARSSON LEI GUO FREDRIK GUSTAFSSON JAN-ÅKE GUSTAFSSON LARS GUSTAFSSON LEIF GUSTAFSSON LENA GUSTAFSSON STEN GUSTAFSSON ANNICA GUSTAVSON STIG GUNNAR GUSTAVSON SÖREN GYLL PEHR G GYLLENHAMMAR JAN GÅNGE JESPER GÖRANSSON JON HAAG BACHARUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE MARIE HAFSTRÖM ERIK HAGERSTEN ANDERS HAGFELDT JÖRGEN HAGLIND SVANTE HAGMAN TONY HAGSTRÖM MAGNUS HALL MAGNUS HALL ULF HALL ANDERS HALLBERG ANNA HALLBERG BO HALLBERG PER HALLBERG TOMAS HALLÉN KRISTJAN HALLER PER HALLIUS BENGT HALLSTRÖM BENGT HALSE EVA HALVARSSON YLVA HAMBRAEUS BJÖRLING GUNNAR HAMBRAEUS EVA HAMILTON EVA HAMILTON KARL-OLOF HAMMARKVIST ANDERS HAMSTEN MICHAEL HANSEN INGEMAR HANSSON ROBERT HANSSON SVEN OVE HANSSON VEIKKO HARA MAGNUS HARDMEIER SARA HARMENBERG MILTON HARRIS GÖRAN HARRYSSON DESMOND HARTFORD NILS HARTLER MARIS HARTMANIS HYOE HATAKEYAMA BO HEDBERG TORBJÖRN HEDBERG ANDERS HEDENSTEDT BO HEDFORS BO S HEDSTRÖM JENS HEED INGRID HEGBOM EKMAN LARS HEIKENSTEN LARS-ÅKE HELGESSON PER HELLMAN MAGNUS HENREKSON HENRIK HENRIKSSON JENS HENRIKSSON HANS HENTZELL ANTTI HERLIN ANNE-MARIE HERMANSSON SVEN HERNBERG ERIK HERNGREN JOHAN HERNMARCK WOLFGANG A. HERRMANN HANS HERTZ KLAS HESSELMAN KERSTIN HESSIUS OLA HILDINGSSON DAVID HILL FREDRIK HILLELSON MATS HILLERT PER HILLSTRÖM LARS IVAR HISING FOLKE HJALMERS PER HJELM SIGRUN HJELMQUIST MATS HJERPE THOMAS HJERTBERG SOPHIA HOBER THOMAS HOFVENSTAM BERT-INGE HOGSVED PETTER HOLLAND KARL-JOHAN HOLM LENNART HOLM BENGT HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMBERG KRISTER HOLMBERG LENNART HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMDAHL GRY HOLMGREN HAFSKJOLD JAN HOLMGREN BERTIL HOLMLUND CARIN HOLMQUIST BJARNE HOLMQVIST PETER HOLMSTEDT BENGT HOLMSTROM HANS HOLMSTRÖM TORBJÖRN HOLMSTRÖM ALAIN HONNART MIA HORN AF RANTZIEN HANS HORNUNG LARS HULTKRANTZ LARS HULTMAN BENGT HULTQVIST HANS HENRIK HUSS WILLIAM A HUSTRULID BEVIS HUTCHINSON BENGT NIPPE HYLANDER STAFFAN HÅKANSON CARINA HÅKANSSON HÅKAN HÅKANSSON YNGVE HÅLAND BJÖRN HÄGGLUND STURE HÄGGLUND OLLE HÄGGSTRÖM LARS HÖGBERG ERIK HÖGLUND INGEMAR HÖGLUND BERTIL HÖK FREDRIK HÖRSTEDT FREDRIK HÖÖK KRISTINA HÖÖK THOMAS IDERMARK ANDERS IGEL JAAKKO IHAMUOTILA YUKIO IMANISHI KAZUO INAMORI MARTIN INGVAR LARS IRSTAD ALF ISAKSSON EVA ISAKSSON ÅKE IVERFELDT JAN-OLOF JACKE BO JACOBSON CARL-OLOF JACOBSON PETTER JACOBSSON ROLAND JACOBSSON ULF JAKOBSSON ANDERS JANSSON INGRID JANSSON ARVYDAS JANULAITIS HENRY JARLSSON PÅL JARNESS DAVID JARVIS PETER JENNERGREN TORSTEN E JENSFELT ARNE JERNELÖV ÅKE JERNQVIST ESPRIÚ JAVIER JIMENEZ BENT JOHANNESSON ROLF JOHANNESSON THOMAS JOHANNESSON INGE JOHANSEN ANITA JOHANSSON ANN LOUISE JOHANSSON BERNT JOHANSSON BÖRJE JOHANSSON CARL-JOHAN JOHANSSON GUNN JOHANSSON GUNNAR L JOHANSSON GÖRAN JOHANSSON HANS JOHANSSON HANS E JOHANSSON HASSE JOHANSSON HENRIK JOHANSSON HÅKAN JOHANSSON JAN C JOHANSSON JAN-OLOV JOHANSSON JERKER JOHANSSON LEIF JOHANSSON LEIF JOHANSSON OLLE JOHANSSON SVENOVE JOHANSSON ULF J JOHANSSON PETER BERGHSEY JOHNSEN ANTONIA AX:SON JOHNSON PONTUS JOHNSON VIVECA AX:SON JOHNSON TOM JOHNSTONE PEDER JONSSON LARS JONUNG HENRIK JORDAHL LARS G JOSEFSSON LEIF JOSEFSSON STAFFAN JOSEPHSON FRANÇOIS JUILLET CLAES-ROBERT JULANDER BO JUNGNER TAPANI JÄRVINEN GUNILLA JÖNSON HÅKAN JÖNSSON PÄR JÖNSSON ANNA KADEFORS ARNE KAIJSER MARTTI M KAILA VAHID KALHORI TERJE KALLAND PER KALLSTENIUS KARIN KALOCZY MATTI KANKAANPÄÄ CHARLES KAO JAN-ÅKE KARK HANS KARLANDER NILS KARLSON ARNE KARLSSON CHRISTER KARLSSON JAN-ÅKE KARLSSON LENNART KARLSSON JOHAN KARLSTRÖM URBAN KARLSTRÖM BENGT KASEMO KOJI KATO JOAKIM KENNEDY LÁSZLÓ KEVICZKY MARIA KHORSAND TOR KIHLMAN LISELOTT KILAAS MERVYN KING ANDERS KINNANDER KOUTA KINOSHITA TÖIVE KIVIKAS BENGT KJELL JONAS KJELLSTRAND PEDER KLEPPE GERT KNUTSSON SVEN KNUTSSON JUAN KIAT KOH ERIK KOLLBERG DANICA KRAGIC JENSFELT GERHARD KREYSA TORBJÖRN KRONANDER WOLFGANG KROPP ANN KRUMLINDE HERMANN KRÄMER URBAN KRÖNSTRÖM UDAY KUMAR ANDERS KUPSU JUHANI KUUSI MIRJA KVAAVIK BARTLEY SVEN KVARNSTRÖM LARS KYLBERG TOMAS KÅBERGER PER KÅGESON BO KÅGSTRÖM ERLAND KÄLLÉN BO KÄLLSTRAND JONAS KÖHLIN ANNE L’HUILLIER PIERRE LAFFITTE FREDRIK LAGERGREN SVEN TORBJÖRN LAGERWALL »The Academy’s mission is to promote the engineering and economic sciences and the development of industry for the benefit of society« IVA’s statutes, §1

CONTENTS

IVA in brief...... 4 Sustainable development...... 8 Information and communication technology...... 18 Economics and enterprise...... 28 Energy...... 40 Education and research...... 50 Annual Meeting...... 64 IVA Documentation 2015...... 71 ÖVERLIGGAREIVA IN BRIEF

Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (I VA)

VA is the world’s oldest academy of en- gineering sciences and H.M. the King Iis its patron. The Swedish members – just over 900 in number – are assigned to one of twelve divisions that focus on various fields within engineering, economics and society. IVA also has close to 300 international members. IVA’s network consists of decision-mak- ers and experts from business and industry, academia and public administration. The network is enriched by the knowledge and experience of its members and IVA’s Busi- 1924 1936 ness Executives Council. Johannes Ruths Tekniska museet The Business Executives Council has receives IVA’s (Swedish National more than 230 member companies and first Great Gold Museum of Science organisations. It gives the Academy a firm Medal. Inventor and Technology), Gustaf Patrik de 1928 founded by Torsten footing in the business community and is a Laval is awarded Althin, moves from source of long-term funding. IVA’s first The Sjögren IVA’s loft to its The Academy is independent and is commemorative Library current premises in finan­ced through project grants, business medal. containing Stockholm’s Gärdet more than district. community contributions, Government 10,000 books is grants and income from the Conference donated to IVA. Centre. In 2015 IVA’s turnover was SEK 92 The collection million. includes the IVA’s activities have a global perspective first edition of Newton’s and important aspects include external 1919 Principia. 1931 analysis, study trips and collaboration with other engineering sciences academies. IVA is formed IVA initiates as a royal Svetskommis­ IVA recognises important achievements ­academy. sionen (The in natural sciences, engineering and eco- Gustaf Dalén Swedish nomics through awards, scholarships and is the first Welding medals. The Academy also initiates acti­ member. Commission). vities that subsequently become spin-off ­organisations. IVA’s Conference Centre is one of Stock- holm’s most frequented meetingplaces. Every year around 40,000 people participate in meetings, seminars and activities there. ÖVERLIGGARE JAN UAR Meetings in Stockholm Y F Meetings around the country EB Division meetings RU A Assembly of the Academy R Business Executives Council Y

Project and Programme Council meetings

IVA North, South and West R M E A B R M C E H C

E Meetingplace for D

an impact on society

R IVA’s twelve divisions, projects, the

E

Business Executives Council and

A B regional sections arranged many more P

M R

E than 100 meetings throughout Sweden

I V

in 2015. All of the meetings are free- L

O

of-charge and open to all. Through

N

its projects – which are based on a

scientific approach – IVA has an impact

R

on the development of society. E

M

B

A

1946 T

Y

O

C

IVA opens its first interna-

O

tional office in New York.

The office subsequently

R

E

moves to Washington J N

B

U

D.C. signally the start of M

E E

T

Sveriges Tekniska Attachéer P

E

S

(Sweden’s Engineering

T

J

S

U

Attachés), a programme U L Y G

U

A

with offices all around the 1983 world. The programme continues through Tillväxt­ H.M. the King officially analys (Swedish Agency for opens the Wallenberg Growth Policy Analysis). Auditorium at the Conference Centre. 1963 1984 2015 Prince Daniel is IVA initiates IVA’s Chairman 2006 appointed as an 1940 the Laboratory heads the Royal honorary member for Surface Technology Mis- IVA’s Student of the Academy. Council IVA’s first President Chemistry. sion (RTM). The is formed. Axel R. Enström of destination of the National Board of the first mission 1997 Trade, resigns after 21 1950 – which includes H.M. the King years as President. IVA initiates IVA’s Business – is California. 2001 2008 the Swedish Executives ­Boeing and Sili- section of the Lena IVA creates Council is con Valley are entrepreneur Treschow Power Circle, formed under visited. RTMs network Con- Torell is the a professional the name have taken place nect. Christer­ first women organisation IVA’s Indus- on a regular In 1941 IVA is one Zetterberg is the to be presi- for the electric trial Council. basis ever since. of the founders of first head of the dent of IVA. power industry. Today it has Tekniska nomen­ network. Stig Göthe is its more than klaturcentralen first chairman. (Swedish Centre 230 member for Terminology, companies and TNC). public sector organisations.

4–5 PRESIDENT’S COMMENTS

Independent bridge-builder at the forefront

ociety’s challenges are tangible. Climate pertise of the important decision-makers in Our members provide valuable input, not change, environmental problems and ma- our Business Executives Council help bring only for our projects, but also in the activities of Sjor refugee streams are some of the things strong legitimacy to IVA. Our projects and pro- our twelve divisions. Seminars at a high level – we need to deal with both globally and nation- grammes are based on a solid foundation and the both in terms of content and participants – are ally. quality is assured in every conceivable way. a distinguishing feature. The Academy’s trans- But these challenges carry with them oppor­ This gives credibility to our project results. sectoral programme councils explore issues that tunities to develop innovations and new enter- One of our projects, Attractiveness for Sustain- spark curiosity and that could be the focus of prises. able Growth, has delivered its final report, and it future projects. This broad-based approach en- Other forces are shaping our future as well; does not pull any punches. The impact of the hances the Academy. The Programme Council research and technical development are among report has been great, and responsible for it is a for Africa has concluded its work. But its mem- them. united Steering Committee of big names with bers are carrying on the effort under the leader- We are beginning to really see the trans- Carl Bennet at the helm. The project’s commu- ship of Ivan Öfverholm. We salute that! formative effects of digitalisation. The digital, nication phase is now under way with a particu- connected society is evolving rapidly. We need lar focus on the four “top gun” teams working on The Business Executives Council, to handle it with care; otherwise we might find themes identified by the project. Concentrated chaired by Eva Hamilton from 2016, attracts ourselves in a new IT bubble and waste billions in initiatives relating to sustainable textiles, smart top names from the business community to the process. Many of the enterprises that did not urban homes, digital healthcare and computer attend stimulating breakfast meetings. Erik survive the IT bubble had business models that games are showing us new ways to work. They Lautmann, Chairman for five years until the would perhaps have been successful today. But are also potential successful areas of excellence end of 2015, ensured that the Council’s activi- then, fifteen years ago, neither the technology for Sweden. ties can reach new heights and take place in nor the users were mature enough. Our projects have topical themes and take on more places around the country. That makes Fortunately, the necessity of sustainable de- the most important questions to find the best the whole of IVA stronger. velopment, resource efficiency and the circular possible answers. Resource Efficient Business Models Organising seminars and meetings far away economy is at the centre of the public debate. is one example. Among other things, it is study- from Stockholm gives us more and wider per- IVA, under the sound leadership of our Chair- ing material flows in important sectors to find a spectives. All sections of IVA are aware of the man Leif Johansson, could not be more engaged way to achieve a more circular economy. importance of a regional presence. in all of these changes and opportunities. Anders Narvinger is Chairman of the Steer- All of this makes me truly optimistic about ing Committee. the future. IVA will be an important arena long Our role as an independent arena for The Innovation in the Forest Industry project was after our centennial celebration in 2019. bridge-building between the academic, busi- launched in 2015 to identify ways of reinforcing ness and political spheres and society in gen- the Swedish forest industry’s position as a global eral has always been an important one. Today leader. This is yet another example of IVA’s efforts it is perhaps more significant than ever. to forge new paths towards a sustainable growth Our core values of quality, excellence, independ- economy. Olof Persson is the project’s Chairman. ence and being at the forefront are incorporated in Another project launched in 2015 is Good Cities everything we do. I feel proud that we are living of the Future. Its objective is to help ensure that a up to our values in the best possible way. growing population has attractive environments The dedication and talent of the Academy’s in which to live and work. Gabriel Urwitz is Björn O. Nilsson, members coupled with the know-how and ex- Chairman of the project’s Steering Committee. President, IVA

6 7 ÖVERLIGGARE

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

There is an ever-growing population on our planet. Population growth and other global societal challenges require sustainable development. Resources must be used efficiently and be renewable. IVA runs projects to promote sustainability work in Sweden and internationally. 8–9 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Sustainability deeply rooted in Swedish forest industry

»There is still more ustainable development is no passing global. The earth’s population is increasing trend; it is an essential foundation for and more and more people are demanding a forest in Sweden now Sa bright future. To make it a reality, we better standard of living. This makes it a real need smart solutions and to use resources sen- challenge to create the necessary economic than ever before. sibly. The smartest thing would of course be to growth in a sustainable way. That’s because we use resources that are not finite. “That doesn’t mean we don’t have to aim Managed properly, the forest is one such for global sustainable growth. The resources – never extract more non-finite source of raw materials, and more what we extract from the ground, such as met- and more people are realising its possibilities. als – will eventually run out. We therefore need wood than regrowth Forest officer Carina Håkansson is Director a circular economy to handle the challenges. permits.« General of the Swedish Forest Industries Fed- We need to be much better at that.” eration. A sustainability approach is nothing new to Carina. The Swedish forest industry has been “I’ve lived and breathed forestry for almost doing its part for well over 100 years. ABOUT CARINA HÅKANSSON 35 years. Managing felling in a sustainable way “The forest is renewable. Products made from and ensuring that forest products are environ- the forest can be recycled over and over. News- Carina Håkansson is a forest officer and has been Director General of the Swedish Forest mentally sound is second nature throughout paper, for example, can circulate seven times Industries Federation since 2013. For almost the forest industry. So for us, sustainability is before finally being turned into bioenergy.” 20 years she has held various management obvious,” she says. Sweden, Canada, the USA and Finland are positions at forest company Stora Enso. She Other industries have realised it more re- the world’s leading exporters of paper, pulp and has also served as CEO of energy company cently. sawn wood products. It’s clear that the Swed- Dalakraft. “For me, a sustainable society is one that ish forest industry is actively helping to reduce Carina Håkansson is a member of the Swedish meets today’s needs without destroying things global climate change. Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. In 2015 for the next generation. There are several di- “But there is still more forest in Sweden now she was elected as a member of IVA’s Division VIII Forest Technology. She is a member of the mensions: the economy, environment and so- than ever before. That’s because we never ex- Steering Committee for the Innovation in the cial sustainability.” tract more wood than regrowth permits. The Forest Industry project. Climate and environmental problems are industry is dimensioned for that.”

10 11 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Wood products bind carbon dioxide and cause forestry has an 80-year perspective. And cal Research Institute of Sweden has produced the carbon is stored until it becomes energy. with paper-making machinery costing four to a protein that can be used as fish food. Testing Then the climate gas emissions are absorbed five billion kronor, you can’t change direction is now under way to turn the fish food into a by the growing forest. Making very long-last- that easily. But progress in forestry, in the in- commercial reality. ing products of wood is therefore a good idea. dustry and on the environmental side has been “Anything you can make from oil, and more, Houses are a climate-friendly example. In the very rapid and in some areas, dramatic.” you can make out of wood. Oil and wood have past, large multi-dwelling buildings carbon as a common denominator.” were, on the other hand, few and far between. Developing more products “That’s because we weren’t al- »For me, a sustainable society from biological raw materials is the lowed to build large wooden build- is one that meets today’s needs objective of bioinnovation, one of ings before we joined the EU. Now the national strategic innovation we have learnt how to do it and without destroying things for areas. The vision for 2050 is a Swe- around 10 percent of these build- den transformed into a bioeconomy. ings are now made of wood. Several the next generation.« Around 60 stakeholders are partici- companies are preparing their pro- pating. The Government is footing duction operations for this. I think 50 percent of the bill and the private that’s fantastic and it’s creating jobs in parts The traditional forest-based products, sector the other half. of the country where they are badly needed.” which create substantial net export income Biofuels and electric vehicles could make Sometimes people – mainly those outside for Sweden, will remain a core part of the for- road transport fossil-free. But grants for devel- the forest industry – express the opinion that est industry. But new products are being de- oping fuel from forest residues have perspec- the industry is slow to evolve and not particu- veloped. BillerudKorsnäs’ food cartons are one tives that are far too short-term, according to larly interested in innovative new possibilities. example. The rectangular cartons take less Carina Håkansson. Developing and producing According to Carina Håkansson, that is just a space on shop shelves, are lighter than tins and a product for filling stations will be expensive. preconceived notion. reduce the transport volume because they are “Nature created numerous stages in the “The industry may seem conservative be- rectangular rather than cylindrical. SP Techni- production of oil. To do it for wood, we have

MEETINGS: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

25 March – Stockholm 30 September – Malmö 21 October – Stockholm The path to resource-efficient industry Good Cities of the Future – Is the Greater Circular economy and resource efficient Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models Copenhagen area one of them? business models (with the Environmental project and Swedish Environmental Protection Seminar – Division III Building and Construction Objectives Council) Agency and IVA South Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project

25 September – Stockholm 20 October – Gothenburg 3 November – Stockholm Pathways to 2050 Sustainable enterprise Sustainable leadership for Sodexo – How to be even more resource-efficient Breakfast meeting – IVA West Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models and the Business Executives Council with Azita Shariati, CEO Sodexo Sweden project Council with Michael Treschow and Denmark

12 to do everything ourselves. There are no exist- forest can be an excellent asset for new prod- that Sweden becomes a bioeconomy. As con- ing large production facilities and building the ucts; many other stakeholders want this green sumers, we can actually have a big influence on first large-scale ones will be very costly.” resource as well. Tourism and leisure are ob- how fast the transformation takes place. But politicians across the political spectrum vious ones, but the chemicals, automotive, “Everyone wants green products. Swedish understand the great potential of the forest technology and food industries are also look- organic food for example. But our behaviour as a raw material resource for a future fossil- ing at the opportunities. The traditional for- doesn’t always match what we say. The links free bioeconomy. The Alliance government est industry may even have competition for between brain, hand and wallet are hard to launched a national forest programme and the its raw material. influence. Obviously I hope that grocery cus- current Government has picked up where it “The way the forest industry reacts to this tomers actively choose a paper bag because left off. The Government’s Innovation Council is critical. The board of the Swedish Forest In- they know it’s made from renewable raw ma- has identified the forest as a future resource. dustries Federation has formulated its vision­ terials,” says Carina, who represents an indus- “The knowledge exists and a lot is happen- stating that the forest industry is driving try that is practicing what it preaches – the ing, but we need concrete action now.” growth in the global bioeconomy. The ambi- forest industry is Sweden’s biggest producer tion exists in the traditional forest industry.” and user of bioenergy and its processes are It is not just forest industry players and But it is not just up to the industry, politi- already 97 percent fossil-free. Others should politicians who have understood that the cians and the research community to ensure follow suit.

13 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Schnippeldisco aims to cut food waste

Anders Narvinger and Björn Stigson.

n educational initiative in a car park in ties show that a lot can be achieved if we think Almedalen showed that it is possible to along new lines. Areduce food waste. Fashion company Filippa K invests in sus- The Resource Efficient Business Models project tainable clothes. Wardrobes do not need to be used unusual tactics at its seminar. Partici- overfilled if garments are produced using good pants were skilfully shown how to prepare food fabrics and can be combined. Ingrid Petersson. and drinks from things that would otherwise Public authorities could also help improve have ended up in the bin. Audience members resource efficiency by providing information. If were also given inspiring examples of concrete people knew that making a single cup of coffee ABOUT RESOURCE EFFICIENT resource efficiency initiatives by businesses and requires 140 litres of water, maybe they would BUSINESS MODELS – GREATER public authorities. not brew more than they actually need. COMPETITIVENESS Anders Narvinger is Chairman of the Steer- Kerstin Cederlöf, Deputy Director Gen- ing Committee for Resource Efficient Business eral of the Swedish Environmental Protection The objective of the project is to promote new Models. Agency pointed out that it is possible to change business models that have built-in resource efficiency. An analysis group is working on “Schnippeldisco was started by food activists old habits. Participants who would like meat on control mechanisms and incentives. The in Germany who wanted to show that it is pos- their plate can tick a box on their registration project’s five work groups are divided by sector. sible to do something about food waste,” he said. form – the opposite of how it usually works. Based on the work groups’ results and on other One third of the food produced globally Major sectors, like real estate, can also make studies, political recommendations will be drafted ends up in the bin instead of in people’s stom- changes. In cooperation with the company for the period up to 2020. They will include an achs. The food thrown away would be enough Kompanjonen, property company Vasa­kronan industry vision of how Sweden can be more to feed all of the hungry people in the world is making sure that before a building is demol- competitive in a future with finite resources. – four times over. ished or remodelled, as much of the materials The Chairman of the Steering Committee is There are many areas where resource waste in things like windows and doors as possible Anders Narvinger. could be drastically reduced. Examples from are saved instead of being thrown away. And The project timeframe is 2014–2016. participating companies and public authori- are then sold for a decent profit.

14 Fast track to good cities of the future

weden’s cities are growing. The big ones Public transit and other forms of travel are the most. Attractive urban environments among the things under particular scrutiny. offering services, education and culture “Public transit needs to be well-structured S ABOUT GOOD CITIES OF THE FUTURE attract more people and businesses. But there and run smoothly. But it is expensive, so more is a downside: a housing shortage, segregation, people need to use it to keep the costs down in The project objective is to help provide crammed public transit and snail-pace traffic relative terms and really help to reduce the num- a growing population with attractive jams on streets and roads are a few examples. ber of cars on the roads, as well as emissions.” environments in which to live and work. The objective of IVA’s Good Cities of the One way to influence this is to change the The project has four work groups: Future­ project is to provide a growing popula- location of bus stops. They could be made The Urbanisation Drivers and Obstacles group tion with attractive environments. more inviting and even be meetingplaces for is responsible for ensuring the project has a “We shouldn’t just look at big cities, but try people. According to Staffan Eriksson, new foundation in new and relevant research. to determine how shrinking regions can be- technology makes this entirely possible. He The Upward Development Spirals group’s come good environments for people to live in also points out that Gothenburg now has a task is studying actual districts in a number of as well,” says Staffan Eriksson, Project Manager. bus stop inside a library. regions. It is not all that easy to define what a good “Electric vehicles are changing the possibili- The Future Flows in Sustainable Cities group is city is, but one distinctive feature is that people ties radically.” taking a visionary approach to explore technical, do not leave because they are unhappy there. Addressing the planning and decision pro- social and logistics flows. “A good city is sustainable – economically, cesses for social development in a broad sense The Planning and Decision Processes group is environmentally and socially. Things should is one of the main tasks for the project partici- studying how new discoveries and plans can be work well for everyone, regardless of their age pants. best used. or where they’re from.” “Politicians and civil servants who are re- The Chairman of the Steering Committee The project is studying various geographical sponsible for social development have key roles is Gabriel Urwitz of Segulah and the other areas – both newly built districts and housing to play. Decision-makers in industry should members are representatives for all relevant complexes built in the ‘60s and ‘70s – to find benefit from our conclusions,” says Staffan areas in society. out what leads to successful development. Eriksson. The project timeframe is 2015–2017.

15 New business models to grow the forest

ver 35 percent of Swedish net exports whole. Forest companies provide a lot of jobs come from the forest industry. The and are often located a good distance from Orenewable forest is also a natural part the big cities. of the fossil-free bioeconomy of the future. “Help and support from universities and the But the world-leading Swedish forest indus- Government are needed. It’s important to find ABOUT INNOVATION IN THE try is suffering from low profitability, which new sources of funding and entrepreneurs. In- FOREST INDUSTRY is making it difficult to create resources for novative environments that attract smart peo- investments in things that could be effective ple are essential.” The purpose of the project is to identify innovations. There is great potential at the intersection how Sweden’s forest industry, by taking an increasingly large role in a transition to a Innovation in the Forest Industry is a new of different sectors of industry. Industrial bioeconomy, can reinforce the sector’s world- IVA project aimed at determining how to cooperation across sector lines is one way to leading position. The project’s work groups are strengthen the status of this industry inter- achieve renewal. Whole new industries could tasked with answering questions in three areas: nationally. start to see the light of day. • How can the forest industry best develop its Mats Johnson is Project Director. He has If this is successful, Sweden’s forests will be current value chains and help to create new many years of experience in turning forest re- a trump card in the transition from coal and ones? search discoveries into profitable business. oil to a green economy. European countries • How can the industry, funders and “The forest industry is good at a lot of outside the Nordic region have not realised researchers work together to promote things, but there are no simple solutions for the potential of the forest. a higher level of innovation and potential improving its innovative capacity,” he says. “In Europe the forest is regarded as wild na- products of the future? This will require more than research and ture with no real benefit to society.” • How can forest raw materials make a bigger technology inventions. Mats Johnson thinks that IVA’s project contribution to the energy system and to the “Goals and visions are easy to create. It’s needs to focus on the long and the short term. built environment? achieving them that’s the problem. New busi- “We can help to determine what the main The project’s goal is to urge academic, industrial ness models are essential for innovation to take obstacles are for development in the forest in- and political players to move towards a place – for new technology or new products to dustry and what the government can do. It’s renewed and strengthened commitment to forest-based products. reach a wide market.” also important to create awareness about the It is hard for the forest industry to man- possibilities. So the project is aimed at politi- The Chairman of the Steering Committee is age this on its own. The continued success cians, researchers and the industry itself – and Olof Persson. of the industry is important for society as a not just the today’s forest industry,” he says. The project timeframe is 2015–2017.

16 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Green transformation and globalisation test Swedish attractiveness

obs of the future, green conversion and global “The vision of full employment is attaina- cooperation are a few of the issues that Kris- ble. But to get there we need broad cooperation tina Persson, Minister for Strategic Develop- on social insurances and taxes. Green transfor- ment and Nordic Cooperation are mulling over. mation and a circular economy will bring more “But I’m an optimist. We are leading in areas jobs.” like entrepreneurship. The level of education It is important for Sweden to be attractive in our country is relatively high and corrup- in a global perspective. Attractiveness needs to tion is non-existent,” she said at a seminar in be improved locally, regionally and nationally. Almedalen arranged by IVA’s Attractiveness for “Removing national boundaries as far as Sustainable Growth project. possible is also important for an export nation Transforming the job market is not the task like Sweden. We need to promote affirmative of one minister alone. Kristina says that eight policies. Policies simply have to keep up with Kristina Persson. or nine ministers will be involved. development,” said Kristina Persson.

Long road to market for chemical industry innovations

or chemical companies the time it takes Existing paints that contain large amounts from lab to commercial reality can be of copper kill the small crustaceans and the Fas long as for pharmaceuticals. I-Tech, copper eventually ends up in the sea. a company formed in 2000 by researchers at Lena Lindblad is research director and one Chalmers University of Technology and the of the company’s founders. University of Gothenburg, has developed a “It took three years to prepare all of the nec- non-toxic and environmentally sound boat essary documentation and then six years and hull paint. In autumn 2015 the paint was ap- SEK 50 million before the paint was approved proved for use within the EU. Funding was in Europe,” she said at an IVA seminar. provided by Mistra. Lena Lindblad pointed out that the long The active ingredient in the innovative process from development to approval re- paint called Selektope is medetomidine. The quires owners that can take a really long-term substance has been used for years in veterinary perspective. medicine as an anaesthetic for dogs and cats. Small companies that want to develop an As an ingredient in hull paint it has a differ- innovation may need other types of expertise ent function. Quite simply, it scares away bar- and equipment than they have. This is what nacles, the most common type of crustacean AstraZeneca’s Biohub in Mölndal offers. I-Tech that attach themselves to boat hulls. It does is one of the companies that has taken advan- Lena Lindblad. this without harming the barnacles. tage of that opportunity.

17 ÖVERLIGGARE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Automation, artificial intelligence and digitalisation are fundamentally changing the game for individuals, businesses and society. The consequences are as revolutionary as when society was electrified. IVA is describes some aspects of this transformation. ÖVERLIGGARE

18–19 ÖVERLIGGARE

20 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Smart humanoid robot the workmate of the future

»In the past a robot acebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is in- Industrial robots have been around for a vesting in a robot butler. In 2018 one in long time. Ford introduced the first one in the was really a big arm Ffive texts will be written by robots. IBM automotive industry at the beginning of the is making its humanoid robot smarter and AI 1960s and the term robot itself was coined by that performed very is out-competing the middle class. All of this the Čapeks brothers in the 1920s. precise movements. was grabbed from the headlines of Ny Teknik “In the past, robots in car manufacturing magazine in January 2016. Before Christmas a plants were pre-programmed. It was a closed Now Honda and robot was wrapping gifts in Media Markt’s TV system where the robots did their work with- commercial. Robots are clearly red hot right out humans needing to be present,” said ­Danica Sony have developed now. Kragic Jensfelt. humanoids and Last year a major Swedish investment in re- Now robot development is instead about search in autonomous systems (AS), artificial integrating physical machines with human they’re also found in intelligence (AI) and robotics was announced. activity in normal environments. Danica Kragic Jensfelt is a robotics professor “In the past a robot was really a big arm research labs.« at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) that performed very precise movements. Now and one of the researchers who will turn the Honda and Sony have developed humanoids government funding into concrete research and they’re also found in research labs.” ABOUT DANICA KRAGIC JENSFELT results. Until a few years ago computers and sensors “We can rebuild the world with ones and did not have sufficient capacity for autono- Professor Danica Kragic Jensfelt has a PhD zeros,” she says at exactly 1111100, i.e. on 11 Janu- mous systems controlled by artificial intelli- in robotics. She has been a guest researcher ary at eleven o’clock on the dot. What could be gence to be constructed. at Columbia University and Johns Hopkins University in the USA. Since 2008 she has more binary than that? “We need data from numerous sensors. The served as Vice Dean of the School of Computer “The best time of the year.” systems must be able to take into account all Science and Communication at the Royal of the ‘noise’ from the huge amount of data. In Institute of Technology (KTH) and is now Ones and zeros cannot, of course, solve eve- some ways sensors are like human senses, and Director of the Centre for Autonomous rything on their own. Computers, data, soft- robots need to be able to interpret information Systems at the same university. ware and sensors of different kinds are needed before turning it into action.” Danica Kragic Jensfelt is a member of the if robots are to achieve anything in the physical When a robot interacts with a human it board of FAM, the Wallenberg Foundation’s world. And researchers and programmers are first needs to understand human speech and holding company. She is also a member of the Royal Academy of Science (KVA) and in 2015 the ones who combine and develop the compo- to make itself heard. These are good charac- was elected into IVA's Division II Electrical nents to make efficient physical machines, like teristics for robot workers in factories of the Engineering. robots or other autonomous systems. future. In a multi-year project funded by the

21 ÖVERLIGGARE

Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, cloud, we will probably need fewer lawyers. knowledge that exists in a certain field and, Danica Kragic Jensfelt will find ways for robots ­Robots can also be very useful in healthcare. using statistical models, look for connections and humans to work together in production “AI systems can deliver a synthesis of differ- that would otherwise be hard to find. environments. ence events that generate large data volumes. “In biotechnology, where people don’t use “The robot will take care of the mathematics all that much, advanced monotonous tasks and it will, for ex- software could perhaps help to find ample, watch how human performs »Human intelligence enables unexpected relationships in the over- tasks.” all data volume.” But these machines can do more us to make decisions in But if a robot is to perform surgical than that. When connected to the procedures on a person, the operations internet they can also entertain their situations where we don’t have need to be 100-percent successful. human colleagues with things that in- all the information. AI is when “No one would agree to it if the terest them. robot only gets it right 99 percent of “I think that workplaces will be computers do the same thing.« the time.” more fun in the future.” Before robots through AI can re- Autonomous systems will change ally start interacting with humans the job market in many occupations. Drivers Systems that independently write simple in daily situations, at work or in the home, a are one example. The idea of convoys of lor- sports commentary already exist.” lot of research still needs to be done. The ma- ries without drivers – except for the one at the chine must, for example, understand what we front – is not science fiction. And in Tokyo So Journalists can also look forward to are saying to it. And we don’t even understand robot taxis will transport people around at increased competition for their jobs. Perhaps all human capabilities ourselves yet. the 2020 Olympics. researchers will even have robots as colleagues. “People understand irony. The tone of voice Computers are better than people at com- It’s not unthinkable according to Danica and facial expression of the person talking paring and analysing large amounts of data. Kragic Jensfelt. make it easy. We connect experience and what If legal texts and all of the rulings are in the A research robot could have access to all the we know about the person who is being ironic.”

22 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Getting machines to understand irony is In concrete terms, robotics researchers use happens? Volvo has said that it will take re- no easy task for a scientist. And more concrete maths and modelling to create algorithms that sponsibility for its cars, but how will the cars items – like a cup – how do we explain what can get physical machines to perform various react in a complicated traffic accident? that is to a machine? tasks. Algorithms are tested using data from “Let’s say you’re alone in your car, but the “In the future robots will understand and sensors – theory, models and trial and error car coming towards you has a family inside learn from their mistakes.” until everything works satisfactorily. and the automatic systems in the cars are not Danica Kragic Jensfelt is one of the re- “To develop a system that can park a car, it’s able to avoid the collision. Which car should searchers who will head one of the projects important to find a model that works quickly. drive into the ditch so that the other one will within the giant Wallenberg Autonomous It can’t take half an hour to park a car.” be OK? Our human decisions are rarely about Systems Program or Wasp. Her project will The A in artificial intelligence means “non- doing what is best thing overall. When people deal with perception, learning and verification human.” A calculator counts faster than the make these decisions they tend to save them- in interactive autonomous systems. Basically, human brain. But it is not intelligent. selves. Machines will make critical decisions on they are developing the ability of robots to “Human intelligence enables us to make deci- a different basis.” learn and adapt their behaviour. sions in situations where we don’t have all the “These are sensitive issues because they deal “Wasp is a very important programme for information. AI is when computers do the same with ethics and morals. That is why behav- Sweden. Our top universities are involved. In thing. With sensors and the internet of things ioural scientists and philosophers are involved addition to research, we are going to create they can tell us that we are about to run out of in AI research as well. We are discussing things edu­cation programmes for an entirely new milk in the fridge and need to buy more. The we had no idea needed to be addressed.” type of engineer based on interactions with system can even be designed to order the milk Perhaps the consequences of robots being companies. The overall goal is to create ma- automatically. Although this might not be a hacked into will also be on the agenda for dis- chines that exist to serve humans.” good idea if the family is about to go on holiday.” cussion. Swedish research on how robots will inter- And far into the future, robots will be able act with humans is still fairly limited in an Danica Kragic Jensfelt is certain that to clone themselves. Because robots will be international comparison. But Sweden is one machines in the future will take decisions, able to design and build the same things that of the leaders in areas such as control engineer- something that has so far been reserved for we build. ing. Sweden also has substantial expertise in humans. “As a researcher I’m responsible for what we interaction and localisation engineering. Take self-driving cars as an example. They programme into a robot. It is supposed to work “But we can’t compare ourselves to MIT or are good because they can improve the flow of exactly the way we want it to. The programme Berkeley. German Fraunhofer is also a lot big- traffic and will certainly result in fewer vehi- therefore needs to contain ‘warning instruc- ger than the Swedish research environment. cles being needed for transportation. tions’ like those on physical products,” says We need big labs.” But what happens if something unexpected Danica Kragic Jensfelt.

MEETINGS: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

12 February – Stockholm 17 March – Stockholm 16 September – Luleå Autonomous systems Life’s building blocks The impact of digitalisation – New possibilities! and big data – The way – From Swish to rhinoceroses Seminar – IVA’s Big Data Programme Council to a better world? Seminar – Jointly arranged by IVA North, Breakfast meeting with Mathias Norrlandsfonden and IVA’s Business Executives 17 February – Luleå Uhlén arranged by IVA's Division X Biotechnology. Council Big data – What is it and what can it do for society? 6 May – Stockholm 25 November – Stockholm Seminar – Big Data Programme Council Is personal integrity The third machine revolution – What will and IVA North consistent with a safe society? the consequences be for society? Seminar – Division XII Information Technology Seminar – Division II Electrical Engineering

23 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Sweden the new Hollywood for the games industry

oubling the number of games and The growth potential in the industry is inter­active entertainment companies great, as are the opportunities to strengthen Din Sweden, quadrupling the number Sweden’s position as a global video game mag- of employees and doubling the percentage of net. High costs, a housing shortage and insuf- women. These there are the shared goals for ficient government funding are highlighted as 2020 of some of Sweden’s leaders in the games some of the main challenges for the industry. industry. The difficulty finding the right talent is also The Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth pro- a challenge. ject gathered experts to start working in one of “We need to introduce coding in schools, the project’s “top gun teams” in mid-April. To just like sports and crafts. We need to let reach the 2020 goal, state funding, a business children enjoy being creative with code,” says development programme for game entrepre- ­Fredrik Nyström, head of PR at Dreamhack. neurs and more investment in creative subjects Today creative excellence is the hardest in schools are needed. The games industry is thing to find. one of the fastest growing industries in the “It’s quite easy for us to find programmers, world and Sweden is among the ten largest but it’s hard to find creative talent, like light- exporters. Today the Swedish games industry ing technicians, animators and visual effects consists of around 170 companies with 2,500 experts. We often have to recruit from out- employees, 16 percent of whom are women. To- side Sweden, which makes it challenging to gether they have created games that are being retain employees in the long term,” said Björn played by more than 700 million people. ­Johnsson, COO of Dice.

24 An e-package means so much to the post office Håkan Ericsson.

letter no longer means as much as it Still, Håkan Ericsson, CEO of Postnord But the transition for the company, which used to. They are dwindling in num- since 2013, is quite optimistic about the future dates back to the 1600s, is a tough one. Aber. The volume of packages, on the for the Danish-Swedish company. One strategy is to offer e-commerce com- other hand, is growing rapidly. Postnord wants “We want to be the leading logistics and com- panies comprehensive solutions. That means to take advantage of this trend to be the lead- munications solutions company in the Nordic shipping, managing returns, target group ing logistics and communications company in region,” he said at a breakfast meeting at IVA. analy­sis and directing marketing support. the Nordic region. The increasing volume of e-commerce is “Sometimes a letter to the right target group Yes, 25 million Nordic residents and busi- the key. Last year 120 million packages were in combination with digital advertising yields nesses still get letters in their letter boxes – sent by post to recipients in the Nordic coun- the best result for e-commerce companies.” last year as many as 5.3 billion. That may seem tries. Postnord is already the largest player in Consumers who shop online can increas- like a lot, but in fact the volume has declined this segment. e-commerce in Sweden in 2014 ingly determine how they want their purchase since 2000 by 60 percent in Denmark and 40 reached almost SEK 50 million. That is ten delivered. Facilitating this trend is also a prior- percent in Sweden. times more than a decade earlier. ity for Postnord.

25

NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Royal flash visit to Ludvika

.M. the King visited ABB’s High Power Laboratory in Ludvika. HIn the giant, ultra-high-voltage (UHV) test centre, he got to fire off a flash to test an 800 kV transmission. The visit to the electric power company in Dalarna was part of IVA’s Royal Technology Tour. The 2015 destinations were Dalarna and Västmanland. The delegation, consisting of business leaders, researchers and public sector representatives, also participated in seminars during the two-day field trip. In Ludvika they also visited regional de- velopment company Samarkand and the STRI testing facility. On day two the del- egation headed to Västerås. The programme there included Mälardalen University and train technology company Bombardier. One in five trains in the world have propul- sion systems that come from the Västerås plant. H.M. the King and the rest of the delegation were curious and showed great interest in Bombardier’s operations.

ABOUT IVA’S ROYAL TECHNOLOGY TOUR

The Royal Technology Tour, which studies business and research in various parts of Sweden, set off for the fifth time in 2015. The destinations were Dalarna and Västmanland. Past missions have visited Borås-Gothenburg, Småland and Kiruna-Luleå. The Royal Technology Tour involves two days of field trips and seminars. Joining H.M. the King are individuals from the private and public sectors and from academia. The 2015 delegation was led by IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson.

27 ÖVERLIGGARE ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE

There is a more positive attitude towards entrepreneurs today. More young people see starting their own enterprise as a possibility. New interactions between small enterprises and big corporations are leading to innovative solutions. The challenge for Sweden is to retain its big corporations and help more small businesses to grow. Sweden’s attractiveness could be better. IVA is working on this. ÖVERLIGGARE

28–29 30 ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE Entrepreneurs’ idea and initiatives are building our prosperity

he public debate should be based on From time to time there is what Pontus »Modern growth is facts, not opinions. And researchers calls an “open window” when a proposal can built on knowledge, Tneeded to be part of the discussion. be rushed through. But the results of the ur- This is what Pontus Braunerhjelm says – and gent refugee issue now being examined will he practices what he preaches. Numerous not be on the table until 2017. That is a little education and articles by him have been published in daily perplexing. The suspicion that government research – but newspapers and scientific journals and he is commissions can be a way to, at least for the the author of a number of books. moment, set aside difficult issues is not entirely essentially on Pontus Braunerhjelm is an economist with irrelevant. a particular interest in entrepreneurship and What is definitely relevant – not just for individuals.« international issues. economists but for all of us – is the Swedish Appropriately, he is Research Director at economy. Are the coffers empty or are they be- the Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum and ing filled? ABOUT PONTUS BRAUNERHJELM Head of the Department of Industrial Eco- “The economy is in good shape. Govern- nomics and Management at the Royal Insti- ment funding to take care of refugees is one Pontus Braunerhjelm is an economics professor and Head of the Department of Industrial tute of Technology (KTH). According to the thing that, at least in the short term, has Economics and Management at the Royal university website, this is where science and stimulated the economy. In the longer term it Institute of Technology (KTH). technology meet management and economics. will depend on how successfully they are in- He has previous served as Deputy Director of “But IVA is a good forum for that as well,” tegrated.” the Research Institute of Industrial Economics he says. “Swedish industry has taken advantage of and the Centre of Business and Policy Studies This professor of entrepreneurship’s involve- international opportunities. And domestic (SNS). Pontus is Research Director at the ment does not stop at research and writing. consumption is high. Success in Germany is Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum and has been Governments of various colours have appoint- also an important factor. Sweden is doing well its Managing Director since 2014. ed him to head committees more than once. in relation to other innovation-driven coun- Several Swedish governments have appointed The Globalisation Council is one example. The tries.” him to head government committees/councils. now ongoing Entrepreneurship Committee is But Norway may be the fly in the export The Government’s Globalisation Council and the ongoing Entrepreneurship Committee are another. ointment if low oil prices persist. two examples. Do all of these government commissions There are also other less positive aspects and committees have any real impact? worth paying attention to, according to Pon- In 2009 he was elected into IVA’s Division XI Education and Research Policy. He is a member “Yes they do. But sometimes it takes a long tus Braunerhjelm. of the Steering Committee for the Attractiveness time. A lot of political groundwork is needed “In other small innovative countries, such as for Sustainable Growth project and he became before the speaker can bring down the gavel.” the Netherlands and Switzerland, the number Vice Chairman of IVA in January 2016.

31 ÖVERLIGGARE

of employees in key industries like pharmaceu- “Tax levels and structures are putting the panies are starting to see themselves as born ticals and telecom is rising. The reverse is true brakes on enterprises that want to expand. global. in Sweden. Why is that? ­Labour market regulations, such as LAS (Act “In general small businesses in Sweden have The fact that multinational companies on Security of Employment), are a problem. low growth ambitions. They are simply not want to be close to their big markets is one We need the same ground rules as the coun- that inclined to employ people. On the plus explanation. But another troublesome reason tries we are competing with.” side, they have flat organisations and struc- could very well be that the talent advanced When the IT bubble burst about a decade tures. An efficient public sector is also an asset. companies need in order to expand is in short and a half ago many investors had shares that Corruption is low and the natural environment supply in Sweden.” became worthless, but they were still taxed at is clean. Together this makes a good quality of After all, a lot has happened since IVA in their initial value. life possible. But companies are not very bold.” 1997 ran the “Ljusåret” (Lightyear) project aimed at placing entrepre- Access to venture capital is not neurship and innovation on the »We are just at the beginning what is keeping small businesses agenda. At that time is was almost of a big restructuring process. from expanding. There is plenty to go an insult to be called an entrepre- around. Except at the point a compa- neur or business owner. Many companies in the IT ny’s growth is about to really take off. “Since then attitudes have “But if companies don’t want to evolved in the right direction. And bubble had the right idea but grow, the demand for venture capital a number or real super-entrepre- their timing was off. Now will be fairly low.” neurs have emerged in Sweden. Research on entrepreneurship could Niklas Zennström is one example. the technical possibilities are be a helpful tool to support growth in And some have become wealthy small entrepreneur-run businesses. without offending anyone. The vi- finally available.« “We can contribute insights on sion of an entrepreneur is clearly what people can learn from success radically different now.” “Politicians don’t have great tools to sup- stories and about which institutions and regu- port growing enterprises. Employee stock lations are important. Above all we can con- Zennström’s Skype is just one example of a ­options are a good example of something that stantly reinforce the fact that it is individuals successful new enterprise. Spotify and Klarna­ can keep payroll taxes down for companies in who are the most important component in are also on the list. But none of these new need of specialist expertise.” growing companies and growth in general. companies intends to mass-employ labour. Compared to enterprises in other inno- Everything starts with an idea from a person. The policy-makers have not really kept up. vation-driven countries, new, small Swedish Take Steve Jobs: It’s his fault that we’re all Pontus Braunerhjelm thinks the political pro- companies are not good at internationalisa- walking around with our faces pointing to the cess is sluggish. tion. On the other hand, more and more com- ground.”

32 ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE

Ingvar Kamprad is another obvious example global economy. Proximity, short series and tives for innovation either. This reflects the of the power of a one-person idea. customisation. differences between economic theories about “Many people have nice things to say “We are just at the beginning of a big re- what drives growth.” about entrepreneurs. But in practice the structuring process. Many companies in the The classic school of thought assumes that situation is not as good. Modern growth is IT bubble had the right idea but their timing monetary, financial and structural policies built on knowledge, education and research was off. Now the technical possibilities are -fi lead to growth. Others think that an idea in – but essentially on individuals. Companies, nally available.” a person’s head is the most important thing. including the big ones, are made up of indi- Increased mobility between regions is also That is what brings growth. viduals.” impacting the job market. Innovation and en- Regardless of how economic growth is cre- People need jobs to go to. Automation, ro- trepreneurship increase when people relocate ated, one thing is certain: Nothing other than bots and artificial intelligence machines as well often. Research shows that companies in the sustainable growth is acceptable. as international competition may lead to big cities people are moving into are the winners. “Sustainable growth is not created by re- changes in the labour market. Companies that lose employees will actually be placing your kitchen every three years. Con- But Pontus Braunerhjelm does not predict winners too, although to a lesser extent. sumption of fewer but more expensive prod- mass unemployment. “Matching on the job market will quite sim- ucts provides the desired result. Increased “Despite past transformation in areas ply get better.” consumption of environmentally sound ser- such as off-the-peg clothing, manufacturing Innovation is the key concept in all of this. vices, such as culture and the experience in- and shipbuilding, the number of jobs has in- But an innovative idea is not innovation. dustry’s offering, also has positive, sustainable creased. Intelligent machines will not replace “An innovation must be able to be linked to economic effects.” huge amounts of jobs, instead they will create something that is of value to the economy in new types of jobs. More programmers will be some way. The traffic roundabout is an exam- Owning things is increasingly being ques- needed.” ple of an innovation.” tioned. The circular economy means having Software will find its way into more and No value, no innovation. A new business access to a thing without owning it. more areas. A company in Hong Kong has model might be an innovation. Or people dis- “The sharing economy is creating new busi- elected an artificial intelligence tool to its covering a need they didn’t realise they had. ness models. So is material circulation, i.e. re- board of directors. cycling. But how do we recycle products made “Telephone inventor Graham Bell said that Designing systems to generate innovation from new materials like graphene? Do we have people could now sit at home and work. We can in itself be innovative. the expertise for that?” have always underestimated the power of new “For policy-makers an innovation system is Pontus will get back to us with an answer technology to create jobs.” a nice idea. They like creating systems. At first to that. The circular economy and its conse- 3D printers can lead to re-industrialisation there was no word for entrepreneurship when quences are among the issues he is looking into of old industrial nations. That could affect the people talked about it. There were no incen- on behalf of the Government.

MEETINGS: ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE

20 January – Gothenburg 10 March – Stockholm 20 October – Stockholm Will Sub-Saharan Africa Avicii – a Swedish export success Local competitiveness in a globalised be the next economic miracle? Breakfast meeting arranged by IVA’s Business Execu- world – What are the success factors? Seminar – IVA’s Africa Programme Council in tives Council with Avicii co-founder, Ash Pournouri Seminar – IVA and ESBRI cooperation with IVA West 21 May – Stockholm 18 November – Stockholm 29 January – Stockholm Breakfast meeting with Innovative chemical engineering companies Increased Regional Attractiveness Sonat Burman-Olsson, Coop – What do they need to do to be world class? Seminar – Attractiveness for Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Hearing – Division IV Chemical Engineering, IKEM Sustainable Growth Business Executives Council and SISP

33 ÖVERLIGGARE

Round table conversation with Prince Daniel, Johan Skarborg Niklas Zennström, Gunilla von Platen, Lisa Lindström and Marcus Wallenberg. and Filip Tysander.

PEOPLE PROVIDING INSPIRATION UNDER PRINCE DANIEL’S FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME

Niklas Adalberth, Melker Andersson, Kenneth Bengtsson, Staffan Bohman, Marie Bredberg, Mia Brunell Livfors, Susanna Campbell, Alessandro Catenacci, Jacob de Geer, Daniel Ek, Saeid Esmaeilzadeh, Olof Faxander, Lina Gebäck, Stina Honkamaa Bergfors, Elin Kling, Filippa Knutsson, Sebastian Knutsson, Kristina Lindhe, Monica Lindstedt, Lisa Lindström, Martin Lorentzon, Håkan Lundstedt, Alan Mamedi, Susanne Najafi, Bert Nordberg, Anna Omstedt Lindgren, Lena Patriksson Keller, Fredrik Persson, Karl-Johan Persson, Mikael Schiller, Sebastian Siemiatkowski, Johan Skarborg, Cristina Stenbeck, Anna Stenberg, Anders Sundström, Filip Tysander, Hans Vestberg, Renée Voltaire, Gunilla von Platen, Caroline Walerud, Carl-Gustaf Wachtmeister, Nami Zarringhalam and Niklas Zennström. Monica Lindstedt, Melker Andersson and Renée Voltaire.

34 ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE The Prince inspires the young to entrepreneurship

Karlskrona 21 September

Kalmar 2 December

Östersund 21 May

VA’s Wallenberg Auditorium was packed lished in a market and are aiming for growth ABOUT PRINCE DANIEL’S FELLOW­SHIP AND ENTREPRE- on the occasion of the second Prince and development. NEURSHIP PROGRAMME ­Daniel’s Day of Entrepreneurship. Around The project was launched in January 2013 in I The purpose of the programme is one hundred invited young entrepreneurs from Västerås and is now in its third year. The first the whole of Sweden gathered to be inspired by year a total of seven events took place around to encourage young people to be entrepreneurs. The programme gathers some of Sweden’s super-entrepreneurs. the country. In 2014 six school and university entrepreneurs and business leaders to Conversations and networking took place visits were arranged and the Entrepreneurship provide inspiration and mentorship. They in IVA’s corridors, rooms and all available Day was premiered. In 2015 the ambitions grew: bring their experience and knowledge to spaces during the day. And there were of a total of nine visits took place from Östersund upper secondary schools and universities course round table discussions and farewell in the north to Karlskrona in the south. where they meet young people and inspire them to become entrepreneurs and mentor speeches for the first group of mentor/mentee The project is assisted by about 40 entre- selected candidates under the project’s pairs who had been working together for two preneurs and business leaders who act as men- mentoring programme to become successful years. Seven new pairings were presented on tors. In 2015 several new names were added, business leaders. the stage. A two-year journey has begun for including Lisa Lindström (Doberman), Stina Prince Daniel is Honorary Chairman. these entrepreneurs. They all have relatively Honkamaa Bergfors (United Screens) and Marcus Wallenberg has been Chairman of new companies, but ones which are estab- Saeid Esmaeilzadeh (Serendipity). the Steering Committee since 2015.

35 Yngve Bergkvist, Maud Olofsson, Mats Årjes and Cecilia Schelin Seidegård.

Simplified regulations, less bureaucracy and The way to generate growth investment in rural infrastructure are among the things that will make that easier, accord- beyond big cities ing to Maud Olofsson, Chairman of Visita, the industry association for the Swedish hospital- ity sector. ourism and agriculture can generate “Now we’re enclosing the hotel inside a Agriculture and food are also industries growth far away from fast growing structure so that it can be there in the sum- that are generating growth outside big cities. Tmetropolises. There is great potential. mer months as well,” said Yngve Bergkvist at Although rural industries have great po- But poor infrastructure and regulations de- an IVA Business Executives Council seminar. tential, there are some challenges as well. A signed for big business are putting the brakes A solar cell park will generate the electricity study by Boston Consulting shows this. A lot on growth. needed to keep the hotel ice cold. of businesses are starting up but are finding it Big cities are the places that mainly attract If the tourist industry is to grow, it needs to hard to grow. Profitability is normally lower foreign tourists. But there are exceptions. be easy to get to and from destinations outside than for big city companies. Rural businesses Close to eight out of ten guests at the Ice big cities. This was pointed out by Skistar’s also find it harder to secure funding to develop Hotel in Jukkasjärvi are from other countries. CEO Mats Årjes. inno­vations.

He buys to own and manage for decades

nvestment company Investor does not need risk capital ownership with an exit timeframe of a new strategy, but rather a refined struc- just a few years is not his value creation model. Iture for its operations. This was emphasised “We buy to own and manage for decades. by Johan Forssell at an IVA breakfast meeting. Building up the portfolio with wholly owned He has worked for Investor for the past 20 years, companies generates cash flow,” he said. serving as President and CEO since 2015. Investors’ CEO believes in active ownership. The company’s new structure has three Serving on boards is a tool for that. parts: key holdings of large listed companies, the “Through the boards we can make sure investment company EQT and wholly owned that companies have the right CEO and goals. companies under the name Patricia Industries. But we don’t tell them how to solve a problem. Johan Forssell would like to see the number That’s the responsibility of executive manage- Johan Forssell. of wholly owned companies grow. Traditional ment,” said Johan Forssell.

36 ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE

Eight points that will determine Sweden’s attractiveness

usinesses and society need to become talent supply, infrastructure, taxes linked to an area that has the potential to be developed more attractive and competitive. Swe- welfare and on efforts to create a more innova- into an area of excellence. We will also address Bden therefore needs to use its strong tion-friendly public sector. We also hope that the question of how Sweden should market ability to cooperate across party lines and the report can be used by others to discuss its strengths, in particular the areas of excel- other boundaries. These were the words these issues which are critical to our future.” lence we are working on. We believe that we of Minister for Enterprise and Innovation need market research that is far more target- ­Mikael Damberg when he received a report What format will your work take? oriented.” describing key factors to increase attractive- “It will be a combination of seminars, hear- ness and competitiveness. ings and round table discussions. We are also in The project will conclude in 2016. What The report was produced by the project At- direct contact with the Riksdag, government are you hoping to have achieved by then? tractiveness for Sustainable Growth for which Carl and ministries.” “A number of things. We will have helped Bennet is Chairman. The report contains an raise awareness about the attractiveness issue, eight-point agenda for the future and is based In the spring you presented a report un- which is increasingly important in a globalised on proposals in areas that will determine Swe- der the heading “Mobilisation to Increase world. We will also take the temperature in a den’s future competitiveness. Regional Attractiveness.” Does the pro- number of areas to see if Sweden is on the right ject still have a regional perspective? path to be more competitive. And we will have Johan Carlstedt, Project Director. “Absolutely. In spring 2016 we will report put the spotlight on what is required of innova- What happens now? on the work of our four top gun teams, who tive environments where areas of excellence can “The next stage is to push the proposals and are addressing the issue of how to use differ- be developed. We will also have initiated efforts follow up to see if they are being implemented. ent resources – especially those from the public to tailor the way Sweden is marketed to really We intend to continue focusing on education, sector innovation support system – to support promote the emerging areas of excellence.”

ABOUT ATTRACTIVENESS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH

The purpose of the project is to increase awareness about what new international competition resulting from globalisation means for Sweden. It will also address the issue of how Sweden can attract capital, talent and, in particular, foreign investment. There are seven focus areas: education, research, infrastructure, business climate, housing and living environment, culture and the public sector. The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Carl Bennet. The project timeframe is 2014–2016.

Mikael Damberg and Carl Bennet.

37 38 HANS BERGSTRÖM AWARD Lauded progress blogger extolls the virtue of taking it slowly

logger and Dagens Nyheter (DN) jour- many people were reading it at first. In autumn nalist Anders Bolling is receiving IVA’s 2011 the Progress Blog became part of dn.se. He Bnew award for scientific journalism: has written a total of 150 blog posts. When the the Hans Bergström Award. He is not one for eye-catching headlines are forgotten and the headlines. Anders Bolling extolls the virtue of alarm has stopped sounding, he uses statistics taking it slowly in his thoughtful Framstegs- and graphics to search for an alternative view blogg (Progress Blog) at dn.se. of the world. It could be a report from Unicef “My blog is about breaking the journalistic telling us that child mortality in the world has dramaturgy which is based on the idea that fallen by 50 percent over the past 20 years. Or the news is negative. Instead I try to describe that the deserts are no longer growing as much what is actually happening in the world. His as the experts had predicted. blog was born from a book project published “These facts might be obvious to anyone in 2009 called Apokalypsens gosiga mörker (The following these issues. That’s why they’re only Apocalypse’s Comfy Darkness). afforded a short paragraph. When I see these The book is a lot about a dilemma in the brief news items, I try to dig deeper to find any media which Anders calls “selling all the mis- ‘signs of light’,” says Anders. ery in the world cheaply.” This is why problems ABOUT THE HANS BERGSTRÖM often become news. It is easy to create head- The jury was headed by Professor Björn O. AWARD lines from conflicts and black and white per- Nilsson, President of IVA, and consisted of IVA’s award for scientific journalism – the spectives. To make sure you are first you almost associate professor in political science, Hans Hans Bergström Award – was instituted to have to write about the problems before they Berström, former Editor-in-Chief for Dagens recognise a scientific approach in the media and have actually happened. Nyheter and long-time head of Science Radio for excellent journalism in science, technology, innovation and entrepreneurship – in a Journalists often sell misery cheaply and an- (Vetenskapsradion) honorary Doctor of Medi- tradition of informing, educating, explaining in ticipate problems. cine Jan-Olov Johansson, publicist and honor- detail, integrity and a belief in the future. The “That’s why there’s so much use of ‘threat of,’ ary PhD Mats Svegfors, former Editor-in-Chief nomination is open and anyone working in the ‘risk for’ and ‘could be’ in the headlines,” he says. of Svenska Dagbladet and CEO of Sveriges media as well as the general public can suggest He wanted to continue focusing on this af- ­Radio and Professor Lena Treschow Torell, candidates for the award. ter the book and started his own blog. But not former President and Chairman of IVA. The amount awarded is SEK 100,000.

39 ÖVERLIGGARE ENERGY

More renewable energy and increasing the use of electricity as an energy carrier are key for a fossil-free society. Extremely low oil prices and the capacity tax on Swedish fossil-free electricity production are challenging the possibility of transformation. Electricity Crossroads is creating insights on and providing proposals for the electricity system of the future. ÖVERLIGGARE

40–41 ÖVERLIGGARE

42 ENERGY Swedish industry gearing up for electric traffic on the roads

nergy is a key issue for society as a 2012 he was named Årets Västeråsare (Västerås »It’s not possible to say whole, especially since the beginning Citizen of the Year). Eof the last century. Without a secure It makes sense that Johan Söderström – whether the scale of and adequate supply of energy there would be both personally and as head of ABB – is in- a short supply of jobs, prosperity and faith in volved in developing a sustainable society. electricity production the future. Not a lot has changed over the past “But I’m only one member of a team. I’m in the future will be 100 years. Except, of course, that the kinds of fortunate enough to be able to work with energy and technology are different now, and extremely talented colleagues in a company large or small. It will the climate and the environment have entered where sustainability is always at the top of the the equation. We are aware of the importance agenda. The more we do the more we learn, be a combination, of sustainability and the possibilities the fledg- and it’s important to always be humble and depending on the ling sharing economy can offer – both in Swe- work on getting better. ABB’s culture and val- den and globally. ues, which focus on sustainability, health and local conditions. Like the rest of us, politicians and business- safety, ethics and the environment etc., fit well es have a responsibility and an opportunity to into this. Our products, systems and service Consumers will be ensure that the society of the future is built on solutions make a difference in these areas,” he producers.« sustainable foundations. says. Research, innovation and technical ingenu- ity are not sufficient as tools to make that hap- ABB is one of the world leaders in transport- pen. Development must incorporate sustain- ing and efficiently using electricity as an -en ABOUT JOHAN SÖDERSTRÖM able values – and people who turn them into ergy carrier. More electricity produced from Johan Söderström has an MSc in Engineering practical applications. fossil-free sources is an important factor in and has been CEO of ABB Sweden since 2011. In 2015 CEO of ABB Sweden, Johan Söder- keeping climate change in check. He has held several executive positions within ström, received the Sustainable Leadership “But new energy will not solve the entire ABB where he has worked since 1986. Award from the Swedish Association for climate problem. The climate issue is part of Johan is the Chairman of Teknikföretagen and Sustainable Business. He is Chairman of a much broader environmental one. It has, for Vice Chairman of the Confederation of Swedish Teknikföretagen and also a member of the example, a lot to do with access to clean air and Enterprise. He has an honorary doctorate from board of the Confederation of Swedish Enter- water. We need to reduce emissions of harmful Uppsala University and in 2015 received the Sustainable Leadership Award from the Swedish prise. He is ranked one of Sweden’s top envi- substances into the atmosphere and oceans. Association for Sustainable Business. Johan has ronmental powerhouses. Uppsala University Companies everywhere in the world need to been a member of IVA Division II Electrical has granted him an honorary doctorate and in take their full responsibility for this.” Engineering since 2013.

43 ENERGY

In Sweden electricity is largely produced “Big investments are being made in our cities. ment and the Energy Commission will act without any input of fossil fuels. But too many In Gothenburg the first electric bus route was quickly and that the relevant industrial com- cars on the roads have petrol or diesel in their launched last summer. They have even tested an panies with have a say. Secure basic energy is tanks. Johan Söderström therefore sees the indoor bus stop there, inside a library.” essential and wind power is hardly a suitable benefits of electrifying the transport sector. Johan Söderström points out that Gothen- option in this context. “We need to develop vehicles so that Swe- burg’s sustainable electric buses are the result “Right now we have good power reserves. den, with brands like Scania, Volvo, Autoliv, of collaboration involving numerous parties – But energy production that is more intermit- Ericsson, ABB and many others, is at an ad- the municipality, businesses, universities and tent will make us dependent on other coun- vantage. We need to drive development from government agencies. tries and our international ties will be more hybrid cars to purely electric ones.” “Large trans-sector partnerships are Swe- important.” den’s recipe for success. I’m optimistic about ABB is developing products and systems Unfortunately, there is a catch 22 for this trend. This is a good thing for Sweden and for all conceivable production technologies. electric cars. The price is too high at the same it gives us good export opportunities.” But Johan Söderström believes that in Sweden time as the charging infrastructure is poor. Naturally, ABB is involved in developing hydro­power is the greenest source. “In Norway and the Netherlands they have charging infrastructure – both conventional “If we can preserve the biological diversity come much farther. Electric cars are heavily technology and inductive. surrounding hydropower, it is the best option subsidised in Norway. Perhaps better subsidies Running vehicles of all kinds on electricity for basic energy. We are going to live up to that.” are necessary in the short term to speed up de- is the way to a climate-smart future. But the We could get electricity from water in more velopment.” electricity needs to be produced in a way that of Sweden’s rivers. Wave power, for which pilot The CEO of ABB Sweden would like to see guarantees a constant and reliable supply. products are currently under way on the west more electric company cars. But long driving Swedish electricity production is essentially coast, is one alternative. Underwater currents distances and a lack of charging stations is the fossil-free. and tides are other potential energy sources. spanner in the works for that ambition. “The low price combined with the capacity Fully electric commercial vehicles are also tax is a problem. If nuclear power disappears Wind power, particularly the offshore something we will have to wait for. But partial too soon it will be difficult to guarantee a re- kind, is an obvious component in the technol- solutions, such as electricity from overhead liable supply and producing electricity may ogy mix that will make sure electricity keeps lines, like for trains, or electrified strips on result in more climate gases. Swedish nuclear coming out of the two holes in the wall. roads are being tested. power is safe and reliable.” “A lot of improvements could be made to Electric city buses are already a reality. Johan Söderström hopes that the Govern- offshore wind power. Floating power plants, instead of those fixed to the seabed, are be- ing discussed in Norway and elsewhere. And they’re good at wind power in Denmark. This MEETINGS: ENERGY could be a successful Nordic initiative.” But land-based wind power will, of course, still be around in the future. The sun is clearly the ultimate energy 17 March – Stockholm 19 May – Stockholm What will determine Sweden’s future Energy policy crossroads source. electricity usage – current status and Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Subsidies have given a strong boost to solar forecasts in Germany. Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project 25 August – Stockholm “Many people were against solar energy sub- Renewable energy sidies, but it has at least resulted in cheap and 14 April – Stockholm – international trends and challenges Impact of new technology on electricity Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project in reliable solar panels, and energy production usage cooperation with the Swedish Energy Agency from the sun has been growing the fastest in Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project recent years globally. Where it’s suitable, the 13 October – Malmö sun is a fantastic sourse of electricity.” 15 April – Gothenburg Headwinds for wind power One area that is suitable is North Africa. Natural gas, biogas and LNG – perspective from Vestas – important for West Sweden’s Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business There, ABB is involved in Desertec, a project competitiveness! Executives Council with Anders that would give the countries in the region and Seminar – IVA West Runevad, Vestas in Europe a big dose of green energy. “Unfortunately this has not developed as far

44 as we had hoped. Political unrest in the region ­Europe to investment more in wind power pending on the local conditions. Consumers has made it much more difficult.” production where the wind blows the most will be producers.” and in solar energy in areas with the strongest And grids will be smarter. Who hasn’t heard Another, more spectacular solar en- sunshine.” about smart grids? ergy project, Solar Impulse, shows more prom- Stored energy will also play an important “They’re already quite good. But distribu- ise. Last year the solar plane completed a major role in moving energy – on a small scale and a tion plants are being developed as well as con- portion of a planned around-the-world trip us- large scale in time rather than geographically. trol systems for them. IT solutions will make it ing only solar energy. possible to match supply with demand.” “When Solar Impulse was presented Several pilot projects for this are be- ABB, with our CEO Ulrich Spiesshofer »The low price combined ing run in Sweden. leading the way, quickly decided that No matter how energy is produced the company should be involved. It’s a with the capacity tax is a or how smart and well-developed a grid groundbreaking project that shows the is, it is still wise to economise with the potential of solar energy and it’s pro- problem. If nuclear power resources. Using energy efficiently is the viding tremendous inspiration about disappears too soon it will trend right now. what’s possible. We hope to see the plane “The Nordic paper industry is prob- landing in Sweden one day.” be difficult to guarantee ably the best in the world at energy ef- Regardless of how energy is used, ficiency solutions and is working all the more collaboration between European a reliable supply and time on improvements. It’s the same countries would be a good way of en- producing electricity may in the mining industry. But industries suring access to renewable energy. around the world could do more. If all “The development headed by ­Gunnar result in more climate gases.« pumps, compressors and fans had en- Asplund with his colleagues at ABB in ergy efficient engines with regulated Ludvika to transfer high voltage di- rotational speed, we could save as much rect current and his vision of connected grids, This will simplify the use of solar and wind. energy as was produced in the whole of the EU are slowing advancing in Europe and parts of Johan Söderström is certain that many new in 2013. That would be good for the climate.” Africa.­ powerful transmission networks will be built “The equipment of the future in the indus- Nordlink, a powerful direct current cable around the world. But at the opposite end of try and in grids will of course be connected between Norway and Germany, is about to be the spectrum, microgrids will also be very im- to the internet. Smart sensors will keep track built. It will give Germany hydropower, a good portant in countries without a power grid. of how they’re doing and send alerts when it’s source of balance power. “So it’s not possible to say whether the scale time for maintenance or upgrades,” says Johan “It’s a good thing that the connections are of electricity production in the future will be Söderström, who sees ABB becoming more ori- increasing. It’s creating the conditions for large or small. It will be a combination, de- ented towards software and service.

45 Fuel cells for fossil-free transport

articipants at a seminar in March ar- world in FCV development, just as the car giant Toyota is working on lowering manufactur- ranged by IVA in cooperation with did with its hybrids. The technology is still at ing costs for its fuel cell vehicle, Mirai, and Pthe Chemical Society of Japan, Japan the heart of Toyota’s investment in the future. has given free access to almost all of the patent ­Society for the Promotion of Science, Sweden- “It’s hard to know what will be the fuel of licenses for the important fuel cell technology Japan Foundation and the Embassy of Japan the future. That’s why we’re studying and ex- found in it. 5,680 patents – including for stacks, learnt about Toyota’s plans for its fuel cell ploring various alternatives at Toyota,” he said. tanks and control systems – were released in ­vehicles (FCV). Fuel cells have advantages at medium and January 2015 until 2020. The reason is simple: Koichi Kojima is responsible for the compa- long distances: They have high energy density, “We want to help boost the market to pro- ny’s fuel cell programme. The expectations are can be quickly refuelled and there are no car- mote the construction of more hydrogen fuel- high that Toyota will take a leading role in the bon emissions. ling stations,” said Koichi Kojima.

Niclas Damsgaard, Jan Nordling and Erica Edfeldt. Small-scale solar energy is the winner in taxes and subsidies

arge-scale hydropower is the biggest los- Calculated per kWh, the net effect will be ABOUT ELECTRICITY er in terms of taxes, fees, subsidies and a cost of nine öre (SEK 0.09) for large-scale CROSSROADS exceptions. Small, solar units connect- hydro­power. On the other hand, small-scale L The project is preparing reports and ed to the grid are the big winners, according solar, which also delivers electricity to the grid, analysis to inform Sweden’s energy policy to a study from Electricity Crossroads carried will receive SEK 1.67 in support for every kWh. and drive the energy debate, incorporating out by Erica Edfeldt and Niclas Damsgaard of “There are big variations in the effects of new perspectives. The project consists of the Steering Committee and five work Sweco. They have worked out how seven poli­ government taxes and fees on different types groups. Bo Normark is Chairman of the tically legislated taxes, fees and subsidies will of electricity production,” said Erica Edfeldt Steering Committee. The project period for actually affect Swedish electricity production. when the study was presented. Electricity Crossroads is 2014–2016.

46 ENERGY

Hopeful about renewable energy

dnan Amin, Director-General of the International Renewable En- Aergy Agency (IRENA), talks about the explosive development in renewable en- ergy in recent years. He believes it is possible to reach the UN goal of double the amount of renewable energy by 2030. “After many years of discussion about clean energy, we have been seeing a real revo- lution globally over the past five to six years. Despite the decline in the global economy, renewable energy sources continue to grow,” says Adnan Amin, who visited Sweden and IVA in August. IRENA has more than 170 member na- tions. The organisation was founded in 2009 for the purpose of promoting renew- able energy in various ways. “We are seeing more and more examples in the world, particularly in developing countries where the cost of producing elec- tricity from renewable energy sources is in many cases lower or on a par with conven- tional types of energy,” says Adnan Amin. The climate issue is a major challenge for the whole world. Renewable energy has a key role to play in reducing global carbon emissions. Up to now much effort has been put into the electricity side – the propor- tion of renewable electricity production has exceeded 30 percent. In Sweden the situation for renewable energy is good, according to Adnan Amin, thanks, among other things, to a deregu- lated electricity market and various stimu- lus packages. He hopes that Sweden in the future will be part of an EU-wide energy Adnan Amin. union.

47 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Innovative Bavaria inspires

t the beginning of the autumn the Industrial Research Commit- Atee (IRC) went on its annual trip abroad, this time to Munich and Heidelberg in southern Germany. During a well-planned week the thirteen delegates managed to visit ten or so loca- tions, the first ones in the company of Swe- den’s new Ambassador to Germany, Lars Danielsson. On the agenda was a chance for the group to learn more about Germany’s well-developed institute system at Fraun- hofer, test small-scale innovation in prac- tice at a microbrewery, take a guided tour through the 10 sq km site of chemicals com- pany BASF and experience creative start-up environments at UnternehmerTUM (Tech- nical University of Munich). The discussions following each visit were lively and the participants left with many impressions as they returned to their respec- tive workplaces.

ABOUT IRC

The Industrial Research Committee (IRC) consists of 15 individuals who are actively involved in R&D and innovation. They are elected for a three-year period. The IRC has been taking an annual week- long field trip to another country since the committee was formed in 1970. The first trip was to the east coast of the USA, in 2014 the Committee travelled to USA’s west coast and in 2015 the destination was southern Germany. Peter Holmstedt is Chairman for the period 2014–2016.

48 Algeria’s academy joins the international network

n spring 2015 IVA was one of five academies didates, 46 were considered the most quali- The head of the delegation was Catherine to help found the Algerian Science and fied to be the new academy’s first members. Brechignac, Permanent Secretary of the ITechnology Academy (Asta). Academia, business and industry, homeland French Academy of Sciences, who handed over IVA took part in the selection process for and diaspora are all represented among the 46 the list of names to Algeria’s Minister for Edu- Asta’s first members. Out of just over 430 can- members, 22 of whom are women. cation and Research.

Africa can be the engine for growth in Europe

he potential for growth in Sub-Saha- democratisation. The number of conflicts has ran African nations has improved sig- in fact gone down since the 1990s. Tnificantly, according to Sweden’s for- “The heads of the central banks have done a mer Minister for Finance, Anders Borg, who good job in sorting out the macro-economy of spoke at a seminar arranged by IVA’s Africa the countries and there have been many inter- Programme Council. The growth rate is 6–7 national direct investments in infrastructure.” percent annually. There are numerous reasons for the positive “By 2050 40 percent of all young people in trend. Agricultural reform is one factor. A sig- the world will be in Africa. Africa is part of nificant increase in the use of mobile phones our future and can be an engine for Europe.” and telecommunication is another. In 2000 Raw materials are still very important to 2 percent of the population had mobile phones. the economies of African nations. Eleven years later the figure was 50 percent. “Africa will attract low-wage industries such “Farmers can use their mobiles to look up as the textile industry. The conditions will be the market price for their products so that tough, but this will drive more development.” they don’t just have to accept any price of- Anders Borg. Anders Borg said he can see a path towards fered,” says Anders Borg.

49 ÖVERLIGGARE

EDUC ATION AND RESEARCH

A supply of talent is crucial for Sweden’s growth. Our universities are under new pressure. They will have an important role to play in the lifelong learning of their students. The skillsets that new arrivals bring with them to Sweden must be put to good use – fast. IVA is focusing on future-oriented issues relating to talent supply and research. ÖVERLIGGARE

50–51 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Digitalisation requires new skills and univer­ sities with a strong international reputation

»Universities will tremendous social transformation is technology played such a big role in the way not only knocking at the door, it has society is developing. be in contact with Amore than one foot inside the door of Digitalisation, cloud-based applications, the mass-producing industrial society that has data centres, fast broadband, mobility and at- their graduates been the norm until – well, just recently. Of titudes to it are driving this development. throughout their this, Ulf Ewaldsson, Group CTO and Head of “It’s leading to a gigantic skills transforma- Technology and Research at Ericsson, is cer- tion in the same way as mass production cre- professional lives tain. ated the consumer society.” “We’re already dependent on, or even con- When society becomes dependent on cloud- to offer them the trolled by, our smartphones,” he says. based solutions for more and more things, such latest knowledge.« But it is more than the ubiquitous mobile as medical journals, the need for relevant and phones that have opened his eyes to the huge robust infrastructure increases. transformation going on. “We need to mobilise our collective national “We’ve talked about the information soci- capacity in order to manage this. The universi- ety for decades. The World Wide Web and the ties of technology have an important mission internet came in the 1990s. The new economy here. And the Government’s mandate for edu- ABOUT ULF EWALDSSON turned everything upside down. At that time cation and research must be aligned with this.” Ulf Ewaldsson, MSc Eng, started at Ericsson in people grossly overestimated the possibilities One essential component in the informa- 1990. Since 2012 he has served as Senior Vice of technology. But now the information soci- tion society is knowledge. A good citizen is one President and Chief Technology Officer, a job ety is about to be implemented. And there will armed with knowledge. Without ­knowledge, that has included overseeing Ericsson’s 5G be consequences – big ones.” information is meaningless. If we look up the development. word carbon in Wikipedia, we can read that Ulf is a member of the Board of Lund University He predicts that it will be dramatic for carbon is an element with atomic number and of the European Cloud Partnership Steering all industrial companies – regardless of sector. six. What good is that information without Board. He has been a member of Division XII Information Technology since 2015 and There are several reasons why society is about knowledge? is a member of the Steering Committee for to enter a new phase, but not since the indus- “It’s a mistake to believe that Google can Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth. trial revolution at the end of the 1700s has replace lifelong learning. Schools need to give

52 ÖVERLIGGARE

53 us basic knowledge. You can’t surf to get that. is that too few women want to become engi- far too long at the moment. Knowledge is a Fact-based knowledge is essential.” neers. The information society needs them. It’s perishable item in the information society. Since the amount of information available dange­rous for the technology transformation Ulf Ewaldsson thinks that Swedish higher is rapidly and constantly growing, the need for and development to be unisex. It’s important education works well but, as we all know, good more knowledge is also increasing. for universities to attract more women to their can always be better. Universities will need to have very long re- engineering programmes.” “We should look more closely at education lationships with their students to satisfy that Ericsson’s goal is to have a workforce with 30 systems in other countries. Education and re- need. percent female employees no later than 2020. search are connected. It is an excellent idea for “Universities will be in contact with their Diversity is a competitive advantage and a skilled researchers to be teachers as well. That’s graduates throughout their professional lives leadership issue. the case at Stanford. The ability to inspire and to offer them the latest knowledge.” communicate the very latest in tech- nology is an important skill. Research Ulf Ewaldsson does not believe »It’s a mistake to believe that should not be an isolated activity.” for a minute that university cam- Swedish research is doing well in an puses will disappear and be replaced Google can replace lifelong international perspective. Investments by MOOCs (Massive Open Online in things like graphene in Gothen- Courses). learning. Schools need to give burg, and MAX IV and ESS in Lund “No, that form of education will us basic knowledge.« are good examples. National arenas are not tear down any campuses. Stu- a forum where academia and industry dents want to belong to a class where can join forces to generate interdisci- they’re physically present. And people learn a Diversity is more than a question of gender. plinary development. More of these arenas are lot during coffee breaks as well. It’s in the many The knowledge and skills possessed by immi- needed. physical meetings in a stimulating educational grants and refugees are resources that Sweden “Sweden has a tradition of research around environment that ideas for the next start-up is missing out on. our big industries. We need to build on that. or research project are born. On the contrary, “Here in Sweden we are essentially forcing At the same time, we should be proud of the MOOCs can attract more people to attend people who have a foreign education to do it technical development we have achieved. But university.” all over again before they can start to work. research grants are all too often broken up into Ericsson’s CTO believes that Swedish uni- That’s totally wrong. Nurturing the skills small snippets.” versities provide a high calibre education. brought into this country is really important. One dimension is lacking from the Swedish “From a quality perspective, new engineer- Perhaps they could take a couple of supplemen- research arsenal – cyber defence research. ing graduates have a good education. But more tary courses, but Swedish industry needs the “China and the USA are investing a lot businesses are now realising that they need to engineers entering the country.” in this. In Europe we’re probably a bit naive recruit engineering graduates. One problem The qualification validation process takes when it comes to cyber technology. Sweden

54 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

has a great opportunity right now to create thing from scratch. This culture was created “The trend will affect the whole of society. a national cyber technology initiative.” Cyber back during the company’s first years in exist- Self-driving cars shared with others will result defence is at least as important as other, more ence. Manufacturing of Swedish telephones in fewer vehicles on the roads. In the past peo- physical, defence capabilities. began just two years after Alexander Bell’s ple bought a new product before the old one The ability to transform is important for a tele­phone patent was filed. And things went was worn out. But soon washing machines or country or business that wants to remain at well, to say the least. microwave ovens will be connected to the web. the forefront. Ericsson is a successful and long- “Using technology developed by others It will be possible for their software to be up- standing example. Partnering with universities and industrialising it on a large scale is part dated to upgrade the machines in a flash.” and other companies is a success factor. of ­Ericsson’s culture. We are good at com- Digitalisation is also creating huge amounts “We have strategic agreements with all the mercialising. A cluster of small businesses of data. With the internet of things, all meas- universities of technology. In these agreements and universities around big corporations is a urement data and all industrial control can we describe what we need. I wish this was ap- good model. We live in symbiosis with small become digital data. With ones, zeros and soft- plied on a national level.” enterprises around us. Everything is connected ware it is possible to achieve almost anything. But for a big corporation conducting re- much more now than before.” “The technology is already cheap and can search, not everything is solved by external That includes the relationship between help us improve resource efficiency. In agricul- collaboration. Ulf Ewaldsson is CTO for more goods and services. In the mass consumption ture, simple sensors can tell us exactly when than 10,000 researchers and developers in society – which Ulf Ewaldsson believes is on fields need to be fertilised.” Sweden. Overseas there are even more and the the way out – a manufacturer produced, for ex- Ulf Ewaldsson believes that the information company’s R&D budget is over SEK 30 billion. ample, a BBQ grill. It was marketed and sold. society can optimise the use of resources. The But it is not only brilliant engineers that have End of story. word “economy” will revert back to its original Ulf as their top boss. “But think about how little time you actual- meaning: economising with resources. “Behavioural scientists have an obvious role ly spend grilling on the grill you own. Now pos- Mobility with 5G and putting more and in our organisation as well. Moral and legal is- sessions are becoming less significant. It isn’t more things up in the cloud are essential. sues related to the information society need to as important to own them anymore. The shar- “Ericsson is running numerous 5G projects. be resolved. The world needs to be more hu- ing economy and servicification will take over. In 5G for Sweden we’re working in cooperation mane. What happens if self-driving cars crash? People will buy a service instead of a thing.” with ABB, Boliden, Scania and others to see This is also an issue for academic research.” Robot vacuum cleaners can serve as an ex- how it will impact their businesses.” Not even a research giant like Ericsson has ample. The buyer of one of these is actually the ambition to discover and develop every- paying for the vacuuming service. That the Swedish telecom giant really believes in cloud-based solutions is clearly evi- dent, if nothing else, by the company’s SEK 7 billion investment in three data centres – one MEETINGS: EDUCATION AND RESEARCH in Linköping, one in Rosersberg outside Sig- tuna and the third in Montreal, Canada. “That’s our cloud. It’s where our engineers, 4 May – Stockholm Has Sweden got a university policy? regardless of where they are in the world, will Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy – Participants be able to test software. The data centres will including Helene Hellmark Knutsson, Minister for Higher Education and Research be hubs for our software development. I see them as a consequence of the acquisitive so-

ciety winding down and the trend of sharing 5 May – Umeå 6 October – Stockholm How the university and the business Sweden – Attractive enough resources.” community can work together to for private research facilities? So 5G is the foundation for the information strengthen the Umeå region Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council in society, but Ulf Ewaldsson doesn’t want to Seminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA preparation for the forthcoming research prophecy about what will come next. North, Norrlandsfonden and Göran Sandberg bill “6G perhaps? I’m just happy to be part of 12 May – Stockholm 24 November – Stockholm everything that’s happening right now. And Collaboration – How does it impact How can we develop research IVA has a role to play as an arena where differ- research and researchers? to solve society’s problems? ent stakeholders can gather. The Attractiveness Seminar – The Young Academy of Sweden and IVA Seminar – Research Outlook project for Sustainable Growth project, which I’m part of, is an obvious example of this.”

55 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

KI researchers made the longest journey

edro Réu, a doctoral candidate at Karolinska Institutet (KI), was the Pwinner of the tenth and final round of Vinnova’s Mentor4Research programme. In 2015 close to 71 researchers from Swed- ish universities took part in the programme. 70 percent of them were born outside Swe- den and the nine finalists represented seven nationalities. The aim of Mentor4Research is to give researchers commercialisation experience and know-how. Almost all of the 2015 final- ists talked in their brief presentations for the jury and audience about their plans to start a business one day. When Mentor4Research started in 2005 seven researchers took part. Ten years on, there were 71 researchers and the same num- ber of mentors. A total of 400 researchers have learnt more about the business world. Rolf Skoglund has been Chairman of the 2015 project throughout the decade. “For the researchers, the importance of commercialising their research has definite- MENTOR4RESEARCH WINNERS ly increased. Understanding how research 2006: Aatto Laaksonen, can be useful is important.” 2006 2007 2008 In 2016 the programme will have a differ- Stockholm University 2007: Caroline Olgart Höglund, KI ent format. It will be linked locally to the 2008: Åsa Wheelock, KI university in the area. IVA will continue to 2009: Daniel Lundin, Linköping University be involved to guarantee the quality of the 2010: Lars Sävendahl, KI programme and organise the annual finale. 2009 2010 2011 2011: Ulrica Almhöjd, University “We have created a solid process that I of Gothenburg 2012: Galia Pozina, Linköping University hope will continue to be used in the future. 2013: Moa Fransson, Uppsala University This model is too good to end up on the 2014: Pernilla Videhult Pierre, KI shelf,” says Rolf Skoglund. 2012 2013 2014 2015: Pedro Réu, KI

56 ÖVERLIGGARE

Inspiring engineering internships at 120 locations

tudents in Sweden’s engineering pro- “Just over nine out of ten young people have grammes who have completed an in- no idea about the technology needs and oppor- Sternship under the Tekniksprånget tunities that exist in the public sector. After programme have an advantage. They consider an internship at a public authority, the same themselves highly motivated to study and the number of students say that they can imagine drop-out rate is lower than for other degrees. being employed there.” “That’s what our surveys show,” says Alex­ And this might also be an extra bonus for andra Ridderstad, Project Manager for public sector employers. The 19–21 year olds Tekniksprånget since February 2015. that Tekniksprånget targets want to be in- A lower drop-out rate means gains – includ- volved and change society. ing financial ones – for both the university “Companies in big cities with big, well- and society in general. And more engineers known brands may receive the most applica- are needed in a technology-driven country like tions, but we are seeing young people getting Sweden. The 250 employers offering intern- involved in social issues as well. Employers who ships and mentoring through Tekniksprånget can’t describe how their business benefits so- have realised that. ciety should probably pay attention, because “In 2015 we increased the focus on creating a young people are calling them out.” ABOUT TEKNIKSPRÅNGET strong regional foothold for the project. Now According to Alexandra Ridderstad, em- Tekniksprånget is being run by IVA at the Tekniksprånget is in 120 locations in Sweden.” ployers and interns alike are happy with the request of the Government to increase interest The project offers more than internship impact Tekniksprånget is having. The model among young people in applying to study for an placements. Students at the upper secondary could therefore be used as a component in the engineering degree. schools visited often know little about the Government's Snabbspår (Fast track) initiative. Tekniksprånget is an internship programme for businesses in their local area. The idea is to make it easier for new arrivals to upper secondary school graduates under the “Our school visits have showed us that stu- get established in the job market. age of 21 who have the qualifications to apply dents don’t know about the opportunities lo- “The Swedish Association of Graduate Engi- for an engineering degree. cal businesses are offering. That’s why we ask neers and employer association Pakta want to The internships last for four months and interns past interns to go back to their school and talk see if Tekniksprånget’s model can work for new are paid SEK 13,500 a month. about it.” arrivals with an engineering education. That’s The Chairman of the Steering Committee is An internship can open their eyes to a part why we’ve launched Jobbsprånget. At this point Jan-Eric Sundgren. Alexandra Ridderstad took of the job market they did not know existed. it’s a pilot project,” says Alexander Riddarstad. over as Project Manager in February 2015.

57 Thomas Strand, Peter Nygårds and Cecilia Schelin Seidegård. More business people on university boards

he Research Outlook project has looked boards, the chairmen usually have a public- Peter Nygårds is the Chairman of Mid Swe- at the backgrounds of members of uni- sector background. den University. He thinks the chairman is the Tversity boards. International compari- The overall conclusion of the study is that one tasked with shaping the university’s mission. sons have been made and opinions have been the boards work relatively well. “The total number of board members is gathered and compiled. Changes from 2007 Cecilia Schelin Seidegård is Chairman of more than on company boards. That’s why to 2013 have been analysed. The study was pre- the University of Gothenburg’s board. people aren’t always that used to being on a sented at an IVA seminar in Almedal. “Although I used to have a negative opin- board,” he said. The number of members with a private sec- ion about it, today I think it’s a good idea to According to Thomas Strand, a member the tor background has increased, while the num- have more people from outside. In a board a Riksdag (S) and of the Education Committee, ber of politicians has gone down. This trend is lot depends on the chairman. We are, after all, a chairman should be a driving force and the the strongest at the newer universities. At the talking about a big institution that has to be board members need to work as a team. older ones, like Uppsala and Lund, no big dif- governed. But it’s not such a bad idea to have “But just because someone is a politician it ference was noted. politicians on the board; they can help with doesn’t disqualify them from holding a board Although there are fewer politicians on the government contacts,” she said. position,” he said.

Umeå should use Stanford as a role model

bout 60 people from the municipal “In Sweden we regard universities as inno- ABOUT RESEARCH OUTLOOK authority, the university and the pri- vation factories,” said Göran Sandberg. “But I vate sector gathered for discussion think we should use Stanford as a role model. Research Outlook is focusing on a few issues A at a time with the aim of providing concrete and networking at a meeting hosted Their most important products are ideas and proposals for prioritised measures. by IVA North, IVA’s Business Ex- not companies, but mature and With the help of in-depth studies, the ecutives Council and Norrlands- talented students.” research policy debate will be advanced in a fonden on 5 May. After the presentation there constructive way. The speaker was Göran Sand- was a lively debate. Is Umeå Uni- The Chairman of the Steering Committee is berg, Executive Director of the versity capable of attracting re- Gunnar Svedberg. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Founda- searchers to the extent that bigger The project timeframe is 2013–2016. tion. He is one of the most powerful play- universities can? Can the region compete ers in Swedish research and former Vice-Chan- for capital on the same terms? That the stu- cellor of Umeå University. The theme was how dents are Umeå’s engine was something many the university and business community can agreed on. But how can we make sure that they work together to strengthen the Umeå region. stay in the city after they graduate?

58 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

The job market needs more than technical expertise

ngineers with good technical exper- tise are essential for society as a whole. EBut that is not the only thing needed in the future according to Carola Lemne, General Director of the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, who spoke at a seminar in Almedalen arranged by Tekniksprånget. Globalisation is one reason. People need to learn how to learn and never stop. “But are our universities really equipped for lifelong learning?” she wondered. Roger Mörtvik is State Secretary at the Ministry of Education and Research. “It’s not just about formal education. Ex- pertise is a changing thing and social skills etc. are also needed,” he said. According to him there is no real short- age of engineers. But there is a matching problem in the job market; employers are not finding new employees with the right skills. The new four-year technical pro- gramme at upper secondary schools will, however, make it easier for companies to re- cruit people with an appropriate education. But the shortage of engineers is still a problem. Engineers are a key component in the public sector as well. “We need to recruit around 12,000 engi- neers. Technical skills are needed through- out the field of community planning. They’re needed in the digitalisation of the welfare system as well,” said Håkan Sörman, Director General of SKL (Swedish Associa- Carola Lemne. tion of Local Authorities and Regions).

59 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Meetings in Almedalen Dinner and conversation in the garden.

brand new project, seminars and lively discussions were offered by AIVA during the Almedal Week. But the most upbeat, practical and educa- tional event was perhaps the premiere of the Academy’s Restfest (Waste Fest). During the popular Schnippeldisco, IVA’s Resource Efficient Business Models project showed how raw material waste can be significantly reduced. Under expert guidance, the par- ticipants prepared delicious dishes made from leftovers and food waste. At a packed Olof Sandberg. Cecilia Schelin Seidegård. seminar a new project called Innovation in the Forest Industry was launched. The Elec- tricity Crossroads project presented scenarios for future electricity use as well as a debate with politicians on how their decisions will affect future electricity use. Education and research were also analysed in depth at two IVA seminars. And of course there were op- portunities to mingle and enjoy the pleas- ant atmosphere with plenty of guests and a tasty meal made from local produce. All this in a garden overlooking the Baltic Sea with the sun setting over the rooftops.

Rickard Nordin, Cecilie Tenfjord-Toftby and Maria Weimer. ABOUT ALMEDAL WEEK

Almedal Week 2015 had as many visitors as in 2014, the “super-election year.” The organisers estimated that 35,000 unique visitors took part during the week. IVA has participated in Almedal Week since 2009. By arranging seminars and meetings the Academy has an impact and strengthens its own networks. Topical issues are addressed and discussed, particularly those relating to IVA’s projects. Many IVA members take part in activities arranged by other organisations as well.

60 Günther Mårder and Anna Bünger. Cilla Benkö. Roger Mörtvik.

Kristina Sundin Jonsson, Carola Lemne and Håkan Sörman. Kristina Persson.

Peter Gudmundson. Peter Nygårds, Gunnar Svedberg and Eva Krutmeijer.

Pam Fredman. Michael Jacob. Bo Diczfalusy. Maria Sunér Fleming. ÖVERLIGGARE

IT cluster attracted the Student Council

ooperation, bonding exercises and a dent Council to visit Google where the topics Student Council was given an introduction to visit to Google’s European headquar- discussed included what it is like when your the Google spirit and a tour of the offices. Each Cters in Dublin were on the agenda biggest customers are also your biggest com- of the floors has a different theme, with every- when IVA’s Student Council had its tradi- petitors, what makes the business climate in thing from swimming pools and swing sets to tional kick-off conference in autumn 2015. It Dublin so good, and which challenges and op- a policy of a maximum distance of 50 metres to was Dublin’s IT cluster that attracted the Stu- portunities increased mobile use brings. The the nearest café.

Royal fund awards Intuitive 3D gesture Scholarships provide 14 scholarships interaction recognised inspiration abroad

ing Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anni- hahrouz Yousefi, Senior Lec- ighteen young academics shared versary Fund for Science, Tech- turer at the Department of Media SEK 1.8 million when the Hans Knology and the Environment STechnology, Linnaeus University, EWerthén Foundation awarded was created in connection with H.M. received the Chester Carlson Research the 2015 scholarships. Since the fund the King’s 50th birthday. The board of Award in 2015 for his intuitive 3D ges- was established in 1990, a total of the fund, which is chaired by the King, ture interaction work. He has developed 398 scholarships for a combined SEK awarded 14 scholarships in 2015 at the technology that uses hand gestures 47 million have been awarded. The Royal Palace of Stockholm. Four schol- in 3D as a way to communicate with scholarships are to be used for study arship recipients were nominated by mobile entities. abroad. Industrialist Hans Werthén IVA: Gustav Berggren, Romain Bordes, The award goes to young, promising believed that international experience Natalia Ferraz and Niclas Svensson. information science researchers and is is important. The initiative for the fund came from administered by Xerox and IVA. It was Fields of study have included cell the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, established in 1985 to commemorate factories, cancer, reliability of human- the Royal Swedish Academy of Agricul- Chester Carlson who is of Swedish machine mobile communication, ultra- ture and Forestry and IVA to promote descent and who laid the foundation for sound technology to diagnose stroke research and technology development. the Xerox company. and healthcare system management.

62 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

No two days are the same

t IVA’s Conference Centre everyone helps out. A “We circulate the tasks at hand. In this way we learn how everything works and work is fun. The person who takes a reservation stays in contact with the cus- tomer throughout the process,” says Anna- Karin Friskopps, one of the team members. According to Anna-Karin, everyone pitching in like this is different to how it works at other conference centres. And there are other things that make IVA’s Con- ference Centre unusual as well. “Few other facilities have an organisation like IVA with its highly respected brand be- hind them. That alone gives us a stamp of quality.” The facility’s high quality is also con- firmed by the highest rating – five crowns – awarded by Svenska Möten, a conference centre member organisation. IVA’s many open seminars attract visitors who, while being treated to a good dose of knowledge, also get to experience a centrally located and unique conference facility. “It works in two ways. Our external cus- tomers come into contact with IVA.” The customers represent education, public administration, various organisa- tions and big listed companies. Everyone is welcome to the diverse meeting facilities at Grev Turegatan 16 in Stockholm. “We have everything here from the ultra- modern Wallenberg Auditorium to our stylish Banquet Hall. Our rooms are main- tained continuously and upgraded to the latest furnishing trends.” The customers clearly enjoy what the centre offers. Many come back on a regular basis. And the comments commonly received are: warm and friendly, pleasant atmosphere and attractive and modern rooms.

63 ÖVERLIGGARE ANNUAL MEETING

On 23 October IVA members and guests assembled for the Academy’s Annual Meeting. This was the 96th Annual Meeting, an event steeped in tradition which concludes with a gala banquet and dancing at Stockholm City Hall. 64–65 Maria Strømme.

Princess Sofia and Leif Johansson, Eva Johansson and Prince Carl Philip, Leif Östling, Björn O. Nilsson, Prince Carl Philip and Johan Weigelt. Helene Hellmark Knutsson and Björn O. Nilsson.

Johan Weigelt Sonat Burman-Olsson Maria Östberg Svanelind Anna Stradner and and Cecilia Weigelt. and Mats Olsson. Kristina Alsér and Jan Alsér. and Peter Larsson. Peter Schurtenberger. ANNUAL MEETING

Medals, mingling and dinner

he celebration of IVA’s 96th Annual Meeting was a festive occasion from Tstart to finish. First speeches, gold medals and commemoration in Stockholm Concert Hall; then a cocktail reception, dinner and dancing at City Hall. Mary Walshok. Leif Johansson, Chairman of IVA, de- scribed what makes Sweden attractive in his speech in Stockholm Concert Hall. He began with the two global corporations for which he serves as chairman: Astra Zeneca and Ericsson. “At Astra Zeneca we have just concluded an important initiative to attract 250 non- Swedish researches to Mölndal. And at Ericsson in Kista we have employed several hundred researchers from more than 30 na- tions,” he said. In his speech, Leif Johansson highlighted the fact that researchers move to Sweden be- cause they find it attractive here. Björn O. Nilsson, IVA’s President, pre- sented the annual summary of “Progress in Science and Technology” in which he men- tioned the Research Bill to be presented by Research Minister Helene Hellmark ­Knutsson in 2016. The research community in Sweden is debating what should be priori- tised. There are plenty of opinions. Princess Sofia, Prince Carl Philip, Lena Treschow Torell and Michael Treschow. But Björn O. Nilsson noted that most people at least agree that only good research should be rewarded. His surprise guest, Pro- fessor Johan Rockström, said that sustain- ability is the path to prosperity and the key to increased attractiveness.

Helena Stålnert Svensson Lina Bertling Tjernberg Karin Markides and 67 and Åke Svensson. and Oscar Tjernberg. Konstantin Markides. ANNUAL MEETING

Swedish meteorol- ogist set the atmo­ sphere’s powerful waves in motion

n December 1956 meteorologist Carl- forecasts. There is also the Gustaf Rossby became the first Swede SMHI Rossby Centre in Ito be on the cover of Time Magazine. Norrköping. Rossby was Featuring a Swede as the top scientist in this also interested in the sig- field was remarkable bearing in mind that nificance of greenhouse the USA was the world-leader in meteorology gases in global warming at the time. But in fact most of the leading and took part in the dis- meteorologists in the US and the world had cussions that led to the at some point been students or colleagues beginning of carbon di- of Rossby. He had also founded some of the oxide measurement at the world’s foremost meteorological institutions. Mauna Loa observatory in A half century or so after his death, one of Hawaii in 1957. This was where the now so the most significant Swedish scientists of the familiar Keeling Curve was created. This ser- Rossby died suddenly and unexpectedly of a 20th century had almost been forgotten. He rated curve is an iconic confirmation of the heart attack, literally at his desk in August lends his own name to the term Rossby waves systematic rise in CO2 levels. Theoretically 1957. He was restlessly active to the very end. – the most powerful waves in the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect had been known about In many ways he was a phenomenon; at once which he identified and for which he devel- since the 1800s. One of Rossby’s predecessors a formidable idea factory, a mighty one-man oped the mathematic formula. His name also at Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius, institution who literally set the atmosphere of lives on in the term Rossby diagram and the had presented convincing evidence back in an entire planet in motion, and a strong team so-called Rossby parameter used in weather 1896 showing that changes in CO2 compo- player who surrounded himself with original sition would result in rising temperatures. and talented researchers with whom he could ­Arrhenius’ ideas were largely forgotten and discuss his many ideas and who in particular the general conception for more than half a had the ability to test them in many and long century was that humans did not have the theoretical computations. They were also test- power to impact anything as great as the ed in the BESK computer in Stockholm, the planet or its climate. ENIAC computer in Pennsylvania and even- Carl-Gustaf Rossby spent much of his ca- tually in the new computer in Princeton. But reer on military motivated meteorology in in all of this frenzy of creativity and research, the US and his research continued to play an he was also a reserved, sometimes mysterious important role in security policy even after figure who left few clear clues about the things he returned to his old homeland, Sweden, in he was intensely involved in. 1947. In the 1950s he developed a programme in Stockholm that would help to make the The portrayal of Carl-Gustaf Rossby in Swedish capital a world hub for computerised the 2015 Commemorative Booklet (and sum- climate modelling and research. IPCC Chair- marised here) was written by Professor Sverker Sverker Sörlin man Bert Bolin was one of Rossby’s students. Sörlin.

68 Honorary Doctor of Engineering Leif Östling for his extraordinary Professor Mary Walshok for her groundbreaking achievements in achievements as a business leader and CEO of Scania which, under promoting research-based, innovation-driven enterprise. She has his leadership, developed into a world-leading heavy commercial developed concepts and processes for the renewal of industry in various vehicle company. His strategic leadership is based on conviction, sound regions, including San Diego. In 1985 she started CONNECT at UC knowledge and many years of experience. It is characterised by an San Diego, a concept that was subsequently established in Sweden. The integrated approach, consistency and great confidence in his colleagues. concept links entrepreneurs with capital and expertise at an early stage.

2015 GOLD MEDALLISTS

For “outstanding achievements in the Academy’s focus areas,” IVA awarded its Great Gold Medal to Leif Östling, Honorary Doctor of Engineering. The 2015 recipients of the three Gold Medals were Mary Walshok, Gert Wingårdh and Mikael Eriksson.

Professor Gert Wingårdh for his many years of excellence as Professor Mikael Eriksson for his groundbreaking and crucial work an architect and creator of numerous praised and award- developing scientific profiles, concepts and technology for synchrotron winning buildings in Sweden and abroad. For several decades rings at the research facilities MAX I, II, III and MAX IV (2016). Based he has had a strong influence on Swedish architecture and on advanced, multidisciplinary research, he has found innovative is an important role model for Sweden’s architects of today solutions, and designed and implemented high-tech designs with untested and tomorrow. technology for broad scientific applications.

69 PRIME MINISTER PAYS A VISIT

Manuel Valls, the Prime Minister of France, paid a flying visit to Sweden in September for discussions with the Swedish Government. But the Prime Minister also found time to give a speech about growth and innovation in Europe at a well-attended IVA seminar. The Wallenberg Auditorium was packed with leading figures from Sweden’s business community, organisa- tions and the political sphere. Accompanying Manual Valls were several French government officials and politicians. A number of European -am bassadors located in Stockholm were also represented in the Wallenberg Auditorium. The host was IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson.

70 IVA Documentation 2015

Secretary to the Academy Johan Weigelt with the Executive Committee: Erik Lautmann, Pam Fredman, Maria Strømme, Leif Johansson, Anders Nyrén, Marie Ehrling and Björn O. Nilsson.

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Karin Larsson (Div. V) Chairman Leif Johansson (Div. VI) Chairman 2012–2017 Eric Giertz (Div. VI) Anders Nyrén (Div. IX) Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Jan-Eric Sundgren (Div. VII) Marie Ehrling (Div. VI) Vice Chairman 2013–2015 Elisabet Salander Björklund (Div. VIII) Pam Fredman (Div. XI) Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Michael G:son Löw (Div. IX) Maria Strømme (Div. VII) Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Inger Andersson (Div. X) Erik Lautmann (Div. VI) Business Executives Council Chairman 2013–2015 Christina Ullenius (Div. XI) Björn O. Nilsson (Div. X) President 2008–2017 Ylva Hambraeus Björling (Div. XII)

Chairmen of IVA’s regional sections THE ADVISORY COUNCIL Göran Carlsson, IVA North The Advisory Council includes the Chairman of the Academy, the chair- Kar-Erik Årzén, IVA South men or vice chairmen of the Academy’s divisions, chairmen of the regional Rolf Andersson, IVA West networks and the President. The Secretary to the Academy as well as the chairmen of the Business Executives Council and the Industrial Research Chairmen of the IVA’s Business Executives Council and committees Committee are also called upon to attend meetings. Erik Lautmann, Business Executives Council Peter Holmstedt, Industrial Research Committee (IRC) Leif Johansson, Chairman Björn O. Nilsson, President Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy IVA MEMBERS Details about the Academy’s members are included in the Division chairs register of members, 2015–2016. Ulf Södergren (Div. I) Karl Bergman (Div. II) As of 31 December 2015, IVA had 925 Swedish members and Åsa Söderström Jerring (Div. III) 263 international members. For deceased members, the year they Hans-Jürgen Federsel (Div. IV) were elected is included in brackets.

71 Some members of the Advisory Council. Standing, from left: Ylva Hambreus, Erik Lautmann, Karl-Erik Årzén, Hans-Jürgen Federsel, Jan-Eric Sundgren, Leif Johansson, Rolf Andersson, Anders Ekblom, Christina Ullenius, Ulf Södergren, Peter Holmstedt and Magnus Breidne. Seated, from left: Elisabet Salander Björklund, Karl Bergman, Åsa Söderström-Jerring, Björn O. Nilsson, Marie Hafström, Johan Weigelt and Staffan Boman.

Elected Swedish members Professor Anna-Karin Tornberg (Div. VII) CEO Johnny Alvarsson (Div. VI) Chairman Peter Wallenberg Jr (Div. XI) Director Lars Andersson (Div. IV) Professor Pär Åhlström (Div. VI) Professor Fredrik Bäckhed (Div. X) CEO Tomas Carlsson (Div. III) Elected international members Vice-Chancellor Helen Dannetun (Div. XI) Professor Göran Roos Professor Anna Dubois (Div. VI) Professor Tomoko M. Nakanishi Chief Information Security Officer Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder (Div. XII) President CEO Dag Mejdell Professor Mikael Eriksson (Div. VII) Professor Dr Markus Antonietti Senior Vice President Ulf Ewaldsson (Div. XII) Chairman of the Board Henrik Ehrnrooth Professor Sergei Glavatskih (Div. I) President Chairman Chunyuan Gu Professor Anders Hamsten (Div. X) Director General Carina Håkansson (Div. VIII) Deceased members Professor Fredrik Höök (Div. VII) Professor Hans L. Zetterberg (Div. VI, 1988) Dr Tom Johnstone (Div. I) Lars-Eric Janson D.Eng (Div. III, 1985) Associate Professor Henrik Jordahl (Div. IX) Gunnar Engman MSc Eng (Div. VI, 1987) Professor Danica Kragic Jensfelt (Div. II) Gunnar Sohlenius PhD (Div. I, 1982) Professor Uday Kumar (Div. III) Lars Norberg MSc Eng (Div. I, 1974) CEO Hans Lindberg (Div. IX) Peter Wallenberg Bachelor of Laws (Div. VI, 1974) Director Johan Malmquist (Div. VI) Professor Arnis Treimanis (International member, 1994) Associate Professor Sven Mattisson (Div. II) Arne Rohdin MSc Eng (Div. II, 1977) CEO Ola Månsson (Div. III) Professor Karl-Erik Larsson (Div. VII, 1980) CEO Christer Norström (Div. XII) Professor Carl Djerassi (International member, 1984) Michael E Persson D.Eng (Div. IV) Professor Börje Steenberg (Div. VIII, 1959) Vice-Chancellor Karin Röding (Div. XI) Professor Jan Remröd (Div. VIII, 1989) Professor Peter Schurtenberger (Div. IV) Professor Jan Rydberg (Div. VII, 1983) Journalist Johan Schück (Div. IX) Karl Evert Flinck MSc Eng (Div. X, 1963) Professor Erik Serrano (Div. VIII) Vice President George H Weyerhaeuser Jr (International member, 2003) Professor Lars Strannegård (Div. IX) Dr Gunter Spur (International member, 1991) Professor Rikard Söderberg (Div. I) Isidor Andersson MSc (Div. III, 1986)

72 Tore Daun MSc (Div. VI, 1988) Division VI – Management Roland Widmark (Div. V, 1983) Professor Eric Giertz, Chairman 2013–2015 Professor Sven-Erik Johansson (Div. IX, 1984) Special Commissioner Marie Hafström, Vice Chairman 2013–2015 Kalevi Numminen D.Eng (International member, 1986) Senior Advisor Sven Löfquist, Vice Chairman 2013–2015 Gunnar Engström MSc Eng (Div. II, 1967) Secretary: Lotta Thörn Matti Otala D.Eng (International member, 1990) Number of members: 128 Director Rolf Lindholm (Div. VI, 1985) Ragnar Fast Lic Eng (Div. I, 1992) Division VII – Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Bertil Berg Engineer (Div. V, 1992) Professor Jan-Eric Sundgren, Chairman 2014–2016 Professor Jon Bing (International member, 2007) Professor Hjalmar Brismar, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Professor Pekka Jauho (International member, 1975) Professor Sophia Hober, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Professor Nathan Rosenberg (International member, 1991) Secretary: Maria Dollhopf Per Svedberg MSc Eng (Div. II, 1976) Number of members: 95 Lars-Erik Nordström MSc Eng (Div. I, 1981) Professor Endel Lippmaa (International member, 1992) Division VIII – Forest Technology Director Per Olofsson (Div. VI 1999) Director Elisabet Salander Björklund, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Professor Paul Gatenholm, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Ola Hildingsson, D.Eng h.c., Vice Chairman 2015–2017 IVA DIVISIONS Secretary: Hampus Lindh Number of members: 53 Division I – Mechanical Engineering Chief Technology Officer Ulf Södergren, Chairman 2012–2015 Division IX – Economics CEO Per Grunewald, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 CEO Michael G:son Löw, Chairman 2013–2015 Professor Monica Bellgran Vice- Chairman 2015–2017 Chairman Anders Lindberg, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Ingrid Jansson Staffan Bohman, MSc Bus. & Econ., Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Number of members: 88 Secretary: Hampus Lindh Number of members: 104 Division II – Electrical Engineering Karl Bergman D.Eng, Chairman 2014–2016 Division X – Biotechnology Professor Lars Nielsen, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Inger Andersson, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Vice President Birgitta Resvik, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Björn Odlander, MD, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Secretary: Johan Persson CEO Anders Ekblom, Vice Chairman 2013–2015 Number of members: 49 Secretary: Maria Dollhopf Number of members: 61 Division III – Building and Construction Åsa Söderström Jerring MSc Bus & Econ, Chairman 2013–2015 Division XI – Education and Research Policy Professor Peter Collin, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Professor Christina Ullenius, Chairman 2015–2017 Associate Professor Anna Kadefors, Vice Chairman 2013–2015 President Maria Khorsand, Vice Chairman 2012–2015 Secretary: Staffan Eriksson Director of Social Policy Peter Larsson, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Number of members: 71 Secretary: Martin Wikström Number of members: 76 Division IV – Chemical Engineering Associate professor Hans-Jürgen Federsel, D.Eng, Chairman 2014–2016 Division XII – Information Technology Heije Westberg PhD, Vice Chairman 2013–2015 Chairman Ylva Hambraeus Björling, Chairman 2014–2016 Professor Lennart Bergström, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Professor Anders Lansner, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Secretary: Jan Westberg Research Director, Staffan Truvé, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Number of members: 66 Secretary: Linda Olsson Number of members: 59 Division V – Mining and Materials Professor Karin Larsson, Chairman 2015–2017 CEO Per Storm, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Gert Nilson D.Eng, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Johan Persson Number of members: 66

73 REGIONAL SECTIONS Johan Öberg, 2015–2017 Kristina Alsér (Div. I), 2015–2017 IVA North Göran Carlsson (Div. V), Chairman 2015–2017 From the Office of the Academy Lars-Eric Aaro (Div. V), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Camilla Koebe, Vice President Business and Communications Johan Sterte (Div. IV), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Monica Krutmeijer, Business Executives Council Johan Persson/Lennart Elfgren (Div. III), Secretary Regional representatives 2015 (adjunct members) IVA South Håkan Simonsen, IVA West Karl-Erik Årzén (Div. II), Chairman 2013–2015 Kerstin Lindell, IVA South Göran Harrysson (Div. X), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Thomas Nilsson, IVA North Lena Neij (Div. III), Vice Chairman 2012–2016 Lars Lindblom, Samarkand Anna Lindberg, Secretary

IVA West MEETINGS Rolf Andersson (Div. IV), Chairman 2011–2015 Malin Persson (Div. XI), Vice Chairman 2014–2015 19 January – Stockholm Håkan Simonsen, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Exchange for Innovation – Sweden and Sub-Saharan Africa Stockholm Svante Svensson (Div. X), Secretary 2013–2015 Programme Council for New Markets Africa

Members of IRC 20 January – Gothenburg Chairman: Peter Holmstedt, Research Institutes of Sweden (Div. I) Will Sub-Saharan Africa be the next economic miracle? 2014–2016 Seminar – IVA’s Africa Programme Council in cooperation with IVA West Charlotte Andersson, LKAB 2014–2016 Emil Görnerup, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise 2014–2016 21 January – Stockholm Lars G.J. Hammarström, Karolinska Institutet and Glionova 2015–2017 Field trip to Google Karin Ifwer, Vattenfall AB 2015–2017 Field trip – Division XII Information Technology Michael Jacob, Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications 2014–2016 26 January – Stockholm Joakim Jeppsson, Skanska Sweden 2013–2015 Resistance to antibiotics – a tangible threat to society Monica Ringvik, AB Volvo 2015–2017 Seminar – Division X Biotechnology arranged in cooperation with Swed- Olle Steffner, BillerudKorsnäs 2014–2016 ish Research Council Formas Katarina Stetler, Scania 2015–2017 Maria Stjerndahl, AkzoNobel 2013–2015 29 January – Stockholm Galina Shubina, Schibsted Media Group 2015–2017 Breakfast meeting with the Business Executives Council and Carola Andreas Sundblom, AkzoNobel 2013–2015 Lemne, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Bo Svedberg, Ecoloop 2014–2016 IVA’s Business Executives Council Daniel Taube, SKF 2013–2015 Marie Wall, VINNOVA 2013–2015 29 January – Stockholm Secretary: Maria Dollhopf, IVA Increased Regional Attractiveness Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project

BUSINESS EXECUTIVES COUNCIL 29 January – Gothenburg 243 companies, government agencies and organisations were members of The Scandinavian 8 million city. High-speed train the Business Executives Council in 2015. They were represented by 243 Oslo–Gothenburg–Copenhagen members, 113 alternates and 313 contact persons. Seminar – Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA) and IVA West Executive Body Chairman: Erik Lautmann (Div. VI), 2013–2015 5 February – Stockholm Vice Chairman: Eva Hamilton (Div. VI), 2015–2017 Wood – An important engine for development of the Swedish forest industry Vice Chairman: Pia Sandvik (Div. XI), 2015–2017 Seminar – Division VIII Forest Technology Mernosh Saatchi, 2014–2016 Jonas Wiström (Div. VI), 2014–2016 5 February – Stockholm Lars Stugemo (Div. VI), 2015–2017 Innovation and eHealth at home Magdalena Gerger (Div. VI), 2015–2017 Seminar – IVA’s Africa Programme Council for eHealth

74 11 February – Lund 17 March – Stockholm Skåne in Africa – how to do business in an emerging market What will determine Sweden’s future electricity usage Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa and IVA Syd – current status and forecasts Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project 12 February – Stockholm Field trip to Sandvik Coromant 18 March – Stockholm Field trip – Division III Building and Construction Electricity in Italy, the UK and Spain Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project 12 February – Stockholm Autonomous systems – New possibilities! 24 March – Stockholm Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Big Data Replacement Models in Healthcare Seminar – Division XII Information Technology 17 February – Luleå and IVA’s Programme Council for eHealth What is it and what can it do for society? Seminar – Big Data and IVA North 25 March – Stockholm The path to resource-efficient industry 19 February – Stockholm Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project Crossroads for Sweden and Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Seminar – Collaboration between the three projects: Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, Attractiveness for 25 March – Gothenburg Sustainable Growth and Electricity Crossroads Big data – What is it and what can it do for society? Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Big Data and IVA West 24 February – Gothenburg Design Thinking – a new way of working with innovation 26 March – Stockholm Seminar – IVA West This is how to attract young talent! Meet Anna Dyhre, employer branding expert 3 March – Stockholm Network meeting – Tekniksprånget programme Swedish Coast Guard, Roxtec AB and Eriksberg Vilt & Natus AB Field trip – Division VI Management 26 March – Stockholm Vehicle Aerodynamics for Performance 5 March – Stockholm and Efficiency through Physical Modelling From green chemistry to sustainable production Seminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Seminar – Division IV Chemical Engineering 9 October – Luleå 9 March – Stockholm Africa’s mineral resources – What can Norrland do? Fuel-Cell Vehicles Seminar – IVA North Seminar – IVA, Chemical Society of Japan, JSPS, SJF and the Embassy of Japan 14 April – Stockholm Impact of new technology on electricity usage 10 March – Stockholm Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Avicii – a Swedish export success Breakfast meeting arranged by IVA’s Business Executives Council 14 April – Stockholm with Avicii co-founder, Ash Pournouri Winter Olympics in Stockholm – Economical sound or madness Seminar – Division IX Economics 12 March – Lund New potential but unknown materials 15 October – Gothenburg Seminar – IVA South Natural gas, biogas and LNG – important for West Sweden's competitiveness! Seminar – IVA West 17 March – Stockholm Life’s building blocks and big data – the way to a better world? 16 April – Stockholm Breakfast meeting with Mathias Uhlén arranged by IVA Division X Forest industry value chains Biotechnology – research and innovation to generate more value Seminar – Division VIII Forest Technology and Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (KSLA)

75 16 April – Stockholm 8 May – Gothenburg African mineral resources – How can Sweden contribute? Infrastructure investment – What’s the overall picture? Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa Seminar – IVA West

21 April – Stockholm 12 May – Stockholm PostNord’s transformation – from letters to logistics and communication Electricity upon request – customer in focus? Breakfast meeting with Håkan Ericsson – IVA’s Business Executives Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Council 12 May – Stockholm 21 April – Gothenburg Collaboration – How does it impact research and researchers? West Sweden has its sights on the stars Seminar – The Young Academy of Sweden and IVA Field trip to RUAG Space AB – IVA West 12 May – Stockholm 28 April – Lund Challenges for modern materials technology The combustion engine – a faithful servant that still delivers Seminar – Division V Mining and Materials Field trip and seminar – IVA South 19 May – Stockholm 28 April – Stockholm Energy policy crossroads Africa’s time is now – seminar with Anders Borg Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa 19 May – Gothenburg 4 May – Stockholm Efficient electricity supply in the future Has Sweden got a university policy? – Can thorium-based nuclear reactor play a role? Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy Seminar – IVA West

5 May – Lund 21 May – Stockholm Division IV – field trip to Lund Breakfast meeting with Sonat Burman-Olsson, Coop Field trip – Division IV Chemical Engineering and IVA South Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council

5 May – Stockholm 21 May – Kiruna 3D printing – Industrial challenges opportunities Building good cities of the future Seminar – Division I Mechanical Engineering and Division Mining and Materials – when you can start from scratch Seminar – Division III Building and Construction and IVA North 5 May – Tollered, Lerum Hydropower helped with industry expansion 26 May – Stockholm Field trip – IVA West and NAV Breakfast meeting with Niklas Prager, CEO Medivir Seminar – Division X Biotechnology. 5 May – Umeå How the university and the business community 26 May – Stockholm can work together to strengthen the Umeå region Communication: Seminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA North, Technical and Commercial Challenges in the Future Norrlandsfonden and Göran Sandberg Seminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences

6 May – Stockholm 27 May – Gothenburg Is personal integrity consistent with a safe society? Cars that talk to each other Seminar – Division XII Information Technology Seminar – IVA West

6 May – Luleå 27 May – Stockholm Vattenfall and the future energy market Has Sweden got good drinking water? Seminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA North and Seminar – Division X Biotechnology Norrlandsfonden and Magnus Hall 1 June – Stockholm 7 May – Stockholm Quality journalism in a media crisis Urbanisation’s drivers – What role do service companies play? Seminar – Division XII Information Technology Seminar – Division VI Management (in conjunction with the Assembly of the Academy)

76 2 June – Stockholm 25 August – Lund Challenges for the Financial Supervisory Authority Field trip to Medicon Village Field trip – Division IX Economics Field trip – IVA South

10 June – Stockholm 27 August – Stockholm Recipharm – an entrepreneur to the stock market Future electricity system will solve environmental problems Breakfast meeting with Lars Backsell – IVA’s Business Executives – and create new ones Council Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project

29 June – Visby 2 September – Stockholm Almedalen: Innovation in the Forest Industry Collaboration between universities and industry – today and in the future Seminar – Innovation in the Forest Industry project Seminar – In connection with the Assembly of the Academy

29 June – Visby 3 September – Trollhättan Almedalen: Electricity usage – how policy can have an impact Trollhättan Falls – the start for new production technology Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Field trip – IVA West

29 June – Visby 7 September – Stockholm Almedalen: Can increased technical expertise improve Sweden’s Electricity production – current situation and potential innovative capacity? Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Seminar with the Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project and Tekniksprånget 7 September – Stockholm Future media landscape 29 June – Visby Seminar – Division XII Information Technology Almedalen: Schnippeldisco for improved resource efficiency Resource Efficient Business Models project 8 September – Stockholm A Year as Energy Minister 30 June – Visby Seminar – Division II Electrical Engineering Almedalen: Increased Swedish attractiveness and competitiveness – How can policy-makers help? 14 September – Stockholm Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project Forest biotechnology – How will the future of forestry be affected by the advances in biology and genetics? 30 June – Visby Seminar – Division VIII Forest Technology Almedalen: Electricity usage in the future Seminar – Electricity Crossroads, Sustainable Innovation, 15 September – Gothenburg Siemens and Swedegas How can we secure a supply of future talent? Seminar – Tekniksprånget project 30 June – Visby Almedalen: Should all universities do the same thing? 15 September – Stockholm Seminar – Division III Building and Construction Multifunctional composite materials for and project Research Outlook project energy storage in structural load paths Seminar – Division V Mining and Materials 18 August – Stockholm Better financing solutions for innovative and growing enterprises 16 September – Lund Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project Field trip to MAX IV lab in Lund Field trip – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences. 21 August – Stockholm Launch of new energy storage study 16 September – Luleå Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Effects of digitalisation – from Swish to Rhinoceroses Seminar – Jointly arranged by IVA North, Norrlandsfonden 25 August – Stockholm and IVA’s Business Executives Council Renewable energy – international trends and challenges Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project in cooperation with 17 September – Stockholm the Swedish Energy Agency Welfare sector – growth sector that engages people Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council

77 18 September – Stockholm 6 October – Stockholm Acting together for Europe, Growth and Innovation Investor – from rock drills to healthcare – High-level event with the French Prime Minister Manuel Valls Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Johan Forssell, Seminar – Jointly arranged by IVA and the Embassy of France President of Investor in Stockholm 6 October – Stockholm 21 September – Gothenburg Sweden – Attractive enough for private research facilities? We believe in Gothenburg! Media and image of Gothenburg Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council in preparation for the forthcoming Seminar – IVA West research bill

22 September – Gävle 7 October – Gothenburg Systembolaget – from criticism to praise eHealth – Digital tools for better health Seminar – Cooperation Norrlandsfonden, IVA North Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for eHealth and IVA’s Business Executives Council 13 October – Malmö 24 September – Stockholm Headwind for Wind Power – perspective from Vestas The expansion that went wrong Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Anders – Can’t manufacturing companies handle export-driven growth? Runevad, President of Investor Seminar – Division VI Management and Division I Mechanical Engineering 13 October – Stockholm Biohacking and the connected human body 25 September – Stockholm Seminar – Division X Biotechnology Pathways to 2050 – How to be even more resource-efficient Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project 14 October – Gothenburg Field trip to Volvo Cars in Gothenburg 25 September – Stockholm Field trip – Division XII Information Technology Sweden’s future power grid – workshop on obstacles and solutions Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project 15 October – Stockholm New technology for new teaching methods – Is education keeping up? 28 September – Stockholm Seminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Not everyone can be an engineer or teacher Sciences – but more should be given the chance Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy 19 October – Luleå After Facebook – the next step to improve 28 September – Skellefteå attractiveness and competitiveness Natural resources, geopolitics and leadership Seminar – Jointly arranged by IVA North, IVA’s Attractiveness for Seminar – Jointly arranged by Norrlandsfonden, IVA North Sustainable Growth project and Norrlandsfonden and IVA’s Business Executives Council with Lennart Evrell, CEO of Boliden. 20 October – Gothenburg 29 September – Stockholm Sustainable enterprise Field Trip to Stockholm School of Economics Breakfast meeting – IVA West and IVA’s Business Executives Council with Field trip – Division IX Economics Michael Treschow

30 September – Malmö 20 October – Stockholm Good Cities of the Future Local competitiveness in a globalised world – What are the success factors? – Does this exist in the Greater Copenhagen area? Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project and ESBRI Seminar – Division III Building and Construction and IVA South 20 October – Stockholm 30 September – Stockholm Transforming Business Through Research How can we attract the engineering heroes of the future? – Chester Carlson Research Award 30 years Seminar – IVA’s Student Council Seminar – IVA and Xerox

1 October – Gothenburg 21 October – Stockholm How can we attract the engineering heroes of the future? Taxes and subsidies for electricity production – new study Seminar – IVA’s Student Council and IVA West Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project

78 21 October – Stockholm 11 November – Gothenburg Circular economics and resource efficient business models Universeum – playing to generate knowledge (with the Environmental Objectives Council) Field trip – IVA West Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project 12 November – Gothenburg 22 October – Stockholm The role of the banks in a society in rapid transition Science and Society Forum: 3D Printing – Beyond the Tipping Point? Lunch meeting arranged by IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA West Seminar – Science and Society Forum 2015 and Bankmannasällskapet i Göteborg (association of bankers)

22 October – Malmö 12 November – Stockholm The transformational IT and its disruptive effects Theme Diversity – Come and be inspired! Seminar – IVA South Seminar – Tekniksprånget project

26 October – Gothenburg 12 November – Stockholm Chalmers Ventures – Innovation System 2.0 Mentor4Research 2015 Seminar – IVA West Final Day – Mentor4Research project

3 November – Stockholm 16 November – Lund Presentation of Programme Council for Africa’s final report Progress in Science and Technology 2015 Seminar – Division V Mining and Materials Seminar – IVA South

3 November – Stockholm 18 November – Luleå Sustainable leadership for Sodexo Marian Radetzki – Oil market in transition Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Seminar – IVA North Azita Shariati, CEO Sodexo Sweden and Denmark 18 November – Stockholm 3 November – Stockholm Innovative chemical engineering companies The future forest industry – What could Sweden learn from Japan? – What do they need to do to be world class? Seminar – IVA, JSPS, SJF and the Embassy of Japan Hearing – Division IV Chemical Engineering, IKEM and SISP

4 November – Stockholm 19 November – Stockholm Key factors to make Sweden more attractive Innovation – What can Sweden learn from Germany? Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project Seminar – IRC at the Assembly of the Academy

5 November – Stockholm 24 November – Stockholm Are universities offering the right programmes? How do we develop research to solve society’s challenges? Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy Seminar – Research Outlook project

9 November – Stockholm 25 November – Stockholm Competition for the sustainable forest The third machine revolution Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project – What will the consequences be for society? Seminar – Division II Electrical Engineering 9 November – Stockholm Towards a competitive low carbon economy – Paris 2015 26 November – Stockholm A seminar with the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Growth – not just in big cities – Annual Meeting of the Business Economics, IIIEE and the IVA projects Electricity Crossroads and Resource Executives Council Efficient Business Models The Business Executives Council’s Annual Meeting in cooperation with IVA’s Division VI Management. 10 November – Stockholm Innovative leadership in the forest industry 26 November – Gothenburg Seminar – Division VIII Forest Technology Field trip – SKF and Wingquist Laboratory Field trip – Division III Building and Construction 11 November – Luleå A Cosmic Journey – from the Big Bank to infinity Seminar – IVA North and Norrlandsfonden

79 27 November – Stockholm Eva Nordmark, TCO The Built Environment of the Future Johan Rockström, Stockholm Resilience Centre – This is how the living environments of the future are built Anders Sundström, Swedbank (Div. VI) Seminar – Division III Building and Construction Håkan Sörman, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions and the Good Cities of the Future project (Div. VI) Karl-Petter Thorwaldsson, Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) 30 November – Stockholm Project Manager: Johan Carlstedt, IVA Russia’s economy – a nightmare or future opportunity? Seminar – Division IX Economics in cooperation with Energy Book/Aspects of Energy the Swedish/Russian Chamber of Commerce Chairman: Bengt Kasemo (Div. II) Gerd Bergman, Science & Technology for All (NTA) 1 December – Luleå Magnus Breidne, IVA Progress in Science and Technology 2015 Harry Frank (Div. II) Seminar – IVA North and Norrlandsfonden Eric Giertz (Div. VI) Dick Hedberg, Energy Committee, KVA 2 December – Gothenburg Christer Sjölin (Div. IV) Research and sport provide new recipe for success Project Manager: Elin Vinger Elliot, IVA Seminar – IVA West Good Cities of the Future 8 December – Stockholm Chairman: Gabriel Urwitz, Segulah Advisor (Div. IX) Field trip at CSC, KTH Magnus Breidne, IVA Division XII Information Technology Johan Celsing, Johan Celsing Arkitektkontor Anders Egelrud, Fortum Sweden 8 December – Gothenburg Mattias Tingvall, Vattenfall Progress in Science and Technology 2015 Ulrika Francke, Tyréns (Div. III) Seminar – IVA West Kerstin Gillsbro, Jernhusen (MR) Gunilla Glasare, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions 10 December – Stockholm Emma Gretzer, Swedish Research Council Formas AstraZeneca is investing in Sweden Anders Hall, Swedish National Police Board Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Staffan Helgesson, Creandum Advisor Sweden Pascal Soriot, CEO AstraZeneca Arne Kaijser, KTH (Div. VI) Christer Larsson, Malmö City 15 December – Stockholm Ingalill Berglund, CEO Atrium Ljungberg Scenarios for future electricity use – new special study Eva Nygren, Swedish Transport Administration (Div. III) Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Peter Nygårds, Swedbank (Div. III) Per Strömberg, ICA Gruppen 17 December – Stockholm Åsa Söderström Jerring (Div. III) Energy Scenarios – What can we learn from New Zealand? Project Manager: Staffan Eriksson, IVA Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project Innovation in the Forest Industry Chairman: Olof Persson (Div. VI) STEERING COMMITTEES FOR IVA’s PROJECTS Lars Berglund, KTH (Div. V) Ingrid Bodin, Preem Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth Magnus Breidne, IVA Chairman: Carl Bennet, Carl Bennet AB (Div. XI) Magnus Hall, Vattenfall (Div. VIII) Tomas Billing, Nordstiernan Carina Håkansson, Swedish Forest Industries Federation (Div. VIII) Pontus Braunerhjelm, Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum (Div. XI) Per Lindberg, BillerudKorsnäs (Div. VIII) Charlotte Brogren, VINNOVA (Div. XI) Sara Mazur, Ericsson (Div. XI) Ulf Ewaldsson, Ericsson (Div. XII) Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Pam Fredman, University of Gothenburg (Div. XI) Lennart Rådström, (Div. VIII) Carola Lemne, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Div. VI) Birgitta Sundblad, Innventia (Div. VIII) Martin Lorentzon, Spotify Peter Wågström, NCC Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X) Johan Öberg, BCG Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Project Manager: Mats Johnson, IVA Regional Growth

80 Mentor4Research Peter Larsson, Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers (Div. XI) Chairman: Rolf Skoglund, ID Invest (Div. XII) Camilla Modéer, IVA (Div. XI) Magnus Breidne, IVA Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X) Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X) Anders Nyrén, Industrivärden (Div. IX) Jan Sandred, VINNOVA (adjunct member) Håkan Sörman, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions Project Manager: Anders Gezelius, Strategize (Div. VI) Project Manager: Alexandra Ridderstad, IVA NTA Digital Chairman: Anders Ynnerman, Linköping University (Div. XII) Research Outlook Marja Andersson, Science & Technology for All (NTA) Chairman: Gunnar Svedberg (Div. IV) Caroline Ankarcrona, Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Memorial Foundation Magnus Breidne, IVA Bengt Gustafsson, Uppsala University Charlotte Brogren, VINNOVA (Div. XI) Elisabet Nihlfors, Uppsala University Andreas Göthenberg, STINT Dan Larhammar, Uppsala University Lars Hultman, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, SSF (Div. V) Britt Lindahl, Kristianstad University Åke Iverfeldt, Mistra Staffan Truvé, Interactive Institute (Div. XII) Birgitta Palmberger, Swedish Energy Agency Gunilla Svingby, Malmö University Malin Persson, Accuracy Ingenjörs- och Konsultbyrå (Div. XI) Project Manager: Johan Persson, IVA Ingrid Petersson, Swedish Research Council Formas (Div. X) Lars Rask, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Prince Daniel’s Fellowship Madelene Sandström, Knowledge Foundation (Div. XI) Honorary Chairman: HRH Prince Daniel Ewa Ställdal, Forte Chairman: Marcus Wallenberg (Div. VI) Eva Åkesson, Uppsala University Carl Bennet, Carl Bennet AB (Div. XI) Project Manager: Martin Wikström Karolin A. Johansson, The Royal Court Johan Skarborg, Academic Work Electricity Crossroads Johan Weigelt, IVA Chairman: Bo Normark, Power Circle (Div. II) Project Manager: Johan Weigelt, IVA Lina Bertling Tjernberg, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Erik Brandsma, Swedish Energy Agency Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness Magnus Breidne, IVA Chairman: Anders Narvinger (Div. II) Runar Brännlund, UMU (Div. IX) Senior Advisor: Björn Stigson, Stigson & Partners Mikael Dahlgren, ABB Kenneth Bengtsson, Systembolaget Anders Ferbe, IF Metall Leif Brodén (Div. VIII) Håkan Feuk, E.ON Charlotte Brogren, VINNOVA (Div. XI) Mats Gustavsson, Boliden Åke Iverfeldt, Mistra Kjell Jansson, Swedenergy Henrik Lampa, H&M Johan Kuylenstierna, SEI Erik Lautmann IVA Business Executives Council (Div. VI) Ulf Moberg, SVK Lars-Erik Liljelund, SEI Peter Nygårds, Swedbank (Div. III) Martin Lundstedt, Scania (Div. I) Birgitta Resvik, Fortum (Div. II) Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X) Andreas Regnell, Vattenfall Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Gunilla Saltin, Södra Maud Olofsson Maria Sandqvist, Teknikföretagen Johan Skoglund, JM Maria Suner Fleming, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Thomas Sterner, University of Gothenburg Ulf Troedsson, Siemens Åke Svensson, Teknikföretagen (Div. I) Project Manager: Jan Nordling, IVA Maria Ågren, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Project Manager: Caroline Ankarcrona, IVA PROGRAMME COUNCIL Tekniksprånget Chairman: Jan-Eric Sundgren, AB Volvo (Div. VII) Big Data Tomas Billing, Nordstiernan Chairman: Gösta Lemne (Div. XII) Helen Dannetun, Linköping University Pontus Johnson (Div. II) Börje Ekholm, Investor (Div. IX) Jonas Kjellstrand Lena Gumaelius, Vetenskapens Hus (House of Science), KTH Daniel Langkilde (Student Council) Tobias Krantz, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Secretary: Johan Persson

81 eHealth innovation-driven enterprise. She has developed concepts and processes Chairman: Ylva Hambraeus Björling (Div. XII) for the renewal of industry in various regions, including San Diego. In 1985 Bo Edvardsson (Div. VI) she started Connect at UC San Diego, a concept that was subsequently Hans Hentzell (Div. XI) established in Sweden. The concept links entrepreneurs with capital and Martin Ingvar (Div. XI) expertise at an early stage. Secretary: Hampus Lindh The Academy’s Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Gert Wingårdh Energy Perspectives for his many years of excellence as an architect and creator of numerous Chairman: Bo Normark (Div. II) praised and award-winning buildings in Sweden and abroad. For several Per Kågeson (Div. IX) decades Gert Wingårdh has had a strong influence on Swedish architec- Gert Nilson (Div. V) ture and is an important role model for Sweden’s architects of today and Gunilla Saltin tomorrow. Lars Strömberg (Div. I) Secretary: Elin Vinger Elliot Hans Werthén Foundation In 2015 18 scholarship recipients – seven women and eleven men – shared New Markets/Africa a total of SEK 1.8 million. The funds are primarily to be used for study in Chairman: Ivan Öfverholm (Div. II) other countries. The recipients will study in Australia, USA, Germany, Peje Emilsson (Div. IX) Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Magnus Ericsson (Div. V) The Foundation was established in 1990 in honour of Hans Werthén PhD Mia Horn af Rantzien (Div. IX) for his lifework as an engineer and business leader. Ann Louise Johansson (Div. VII) Margareta Norell Bergendahl (Div. I) Mentor4Research Secretary: Joakim Rådström The winners of the 2015 Mentor4Research, M4R and a scholarship of SEK 100,000 are Pedro Réu, PhD student in cell and molecular biology at Karolinska Institutet. He won for having the longest development journey DISTINCTIONS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND AWARDS during the programme. Mentor4Research is run by IVA and financed by VINNOVA. The purpose of the programme is to give researchers a bet- Medal Committee ter network of contacts in industry and help them realise the commercial Chairman: Arne Kaijser (Div. VI), members 2010, Chairman 2014 potential of their research. Marianne Treschow (Div. VII) 2011–2015 Karl-Olof Hammarkvist (Div. IX) 2012–2015 Stockholm Industry Water Award Camilla Modéer (Div. XI) 2014–2016 Stockholm Industry Water Award 2015 went to the Colorado-based US Krister Holmberg (Div. IV) 2014–2016 company CH2M. The company won the award for developing and refining Lars Strömberg (Div. I) 2014–2016 methods to cleaning water and for increasing public acceptance of reusing Marie Schrewelius Arwidson (Div. VIII), new member 2015–2017 water. CH2M has forged a path for applying social science research to Anders Ekblom (Div. X), new member 2015–2017 better understand the underlying factors why people reject the idea of drinking reused water and what can be done to change that. The award Medals goes to an enterprise that contributes to sustainable water management The Academy’s Great Gold Medal was awarded to Honorary Doctor of by reducing consumption and environmental impact. The award was Engineering Leif Östling for his extraordinary achievements as a business established in 2000 by the Stockholm Water Foundation in cooperation leader and CEO of Scania which, under his leadership, has developed with IVA and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. It into a world-leading heavy commercial vehicle company. His strategic is administered by the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI). leadership is based on conviction, sound knowledge and many years of experience. It is characterised by an integrated approach, consistency and King Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anniversary Fund great confidence in his colleagues. The Purpose of the Fund is to promote research, technical development and enterprise that contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources The Academy’s Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Mikael Eriksson for and the preservation of biodiversity. In 2015 the Fund distributed four his groundbreaking and crucial work developing scientific profiles, con- scholarships of SEK 100,000 and six of SEK 85,000. The candidates are cepts and technology for synchrotron rings at the research facilities MAX nominated by individuals who are members of IVA and/or active in I, II, III and MAX IV (2016). Based on advanced, multidisciplinary research, research and enterprise. The scholarship recipients are announced on HM he has found innovative solutions, and designed and implemented high- The King’s birthday and presented at a reception at the Royal Palace. tech designs with untested technology for broad scientific applications. IVA’s Scientific Journalism Award – Hans Bergström Award The Academy’s Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Mary Walshok The price was established based on a donation from IVA member for her groundbreaking achievements in promoting research-based, Hans Bergström and is to promote a scientific approach in the media.

82 The amount awarded is SEK 100,000. The 2015 award was presented Ministry for Education and Research to journalist Anders Bolling, Dagens Nyheter, at the Assembly of the Commission report on report from Leadership Commission (U2014:11) Academy in June 2015. In conjunction with this there was a panel (U2015/03779/UH) discussion with the Editor-in-Chief of Dagens Nyheter Peter Wolodarski and Cilla Benkö of Sveriges Radio. Journalists, communications specialists Ministry of the Environment and Energy and the general public can nominate candidates. Authors, writers and Commission report: Proposal for overhaul the EU’s trading system for the journalists can be nominated, and the nominees can be individuals or an period 2021–2030 M2015/03246/Kl entire editorial staff or team of reporters.

Wallenberg Academy Fellows PUBLICATIONS Wallenberg Academy Fellows is a career programme where the most promising researchers in natural sciences, social sciences and IVA-M series the humanities receive resources for long-term development of their IVA-M 454: Mobilisation to increase regional attractiveness. A background ventures. The programme was created by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg report from IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project Foundation in close cooperation with five royal academies and sixteen 2015, 48 pp. Swedish universities. In 2015 nine Wallenberg Academy Fellows were announced. The grants total between SEK 5 and 9 million per researcher IVA-M 455: Resource Efficiency – Facts and Trends Towards 2050. A over a five-year period. report from IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2015 36 pp.

RESPONSES TO COMMISSION REPORTS IVA-M 456: Hans Werthén – One of Sweden’s most prominent industrial- In 2015 IVA commented or expressed an opinion on the following ists, A pamphlet produced by the Hans Werthén Fund at IVA, 2015, 16 pp. proposals and reports for consideration: IVA-M 457: Mobilisation to increase regional attractiveness – A background Ministry of Culture report from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, 2015, 48 pp. Roadmap to Digitalize Terrestrial Radio in Sweden (SOU 2014:77) IVA-M 458: Commemorative Booklet, A Tribute to the Ministry of the Environment and Energy Memory of Carl-Gustaf Rossby (1898–1957), 2015, 68 pp. Final commission report from the Smart Grid Coordination Council – Plan for efficiency (SOU 2014:84) IVA-M 459: Key factors to make Sweden more attractive and competitive. Report from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, 2015, Ministry of the Environment and Energy 80 pp. National Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s proposed strategy for the environmental quality goal: A Good Built Environment IVA-M 460: Resource Efficiency – Pathways to 2050. A report from (M2014/2798/Mm) the IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2015, 52 pp. Ministry of Health and Social Affairs The Medical Products Agency’s report on the Government remit on IVA-M 461: Future electricity use. A project report from IVA project homeopathic medicines (S2013/8560/FS) Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 52 pp.

Ministry of the Environment and Energy IVA-R-series Commission report for Swedish Energy Agency’s report on sea-based IVA-R 481: Do Swede’s universities have the boards they deserve? wind power M29015/2349/Ee IVA project Research Outlook, 2015, 16 pp.

Ministry of the Environment and Energy IVA-R 482: Energy Storage – Electricity storage technologies. Commission report on proposal for Swedish application of A study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 36 pp. almost zero energy buildings M2015/2507/Ee IVA-R 483: Electricity production in Sweden. A study from IVA project Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 24 pp. Report: A fund structure for innovation and growth (SOU 2015:64) IVA-R 484: Taxes and subsidies for electricity production – special study. Ministry for Foreign Affairs A study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 28 pp. Commission reports: Stricter export controls on military materials (SOU 2015:72) and Sanction exchange – more efficient sanctions in export IVA-R 485: Scenarios for future electricity use, A study from IVA project control (SOU 2014:83) UD2015/1023/NIS Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 28 pp.

83 OMBUDSMAN Fortum Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court Erik Nymansson Handelsbanken Ingvar Kamprad Jernhusen AUDITORS Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Anki Bystedt, appointed by the Government Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications Karl-Olof Hammarkvist (Div. IX) Nordea Lars-Gunnar Mattsson (Div. VI) Preem Peter Ekberg, Authorised Public Accountant Region Skåne Jan Palmqvist, Authorised Public Accountant SCA SEB Swedish National Agency for Education INVESTMENT COMMITTEE The Knowledge Foundation Chairman: Anne-Marie Pålsson (Div. IX) Mistra – Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research Hans Dalborg (Div. IX) Swedish Postcode Foundation Irma Rosenberg (Div. IX) Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Björn O. Nilsson, President of IVA (Div. X) Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Memorial Foundation Lotta Thörn, CFO IVA Sveaskog Svenska Kraftnät (Sweden’s national grid) Swedenergy FUNDING FOR IVA’s ACTIVITIES Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Implementation of the Academy’s projects is made possible by external Swedish Construction Federation (BI). funding. A sample of the companies, public authorities and foundations Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions who contributed funds in 2015: Swedegas Swedbank ABB Södra Skogsägarna Atrium Ljungberg Teknikföretagen Billerud-Korsnäs The Hans and Barbara Bergstrom Foundation Swedish Energy Agency Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth E.ON Tyréns Erik Johan Ljungberg’s Education Fund Vattenfall Forte VINNOVA Formas Ångpanneföreningens forskningsstiftelse

EMPLOYEES

Björn O. Nilsson, President Hampus Lindh Monica Krutmeijer, Assistant to the President Jan Nordling Monica Sannerblom Academy, staff and international Elin Vinger Elliot Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy, Executive Vice President Gustaf Wahlström Maria Dollhopf Martin Wikström Ingrid Jansson Johan Persson Tekniksprånget Alexandra Ridderstad Wachtmeister, Project Manager Projects Linus Brandin Magnus Breidne, Vice President Projects Ulrica Giltze Rickard Andersson Eva Glaumann Caroline Ankarcrona Tina Hemlin Käcke Karin Byman Annie Johansson Johan Carlstedt Mimmi Jonsson Staffan Eriksson Nina Rudbeck Mats Johnson Johanna Theander Caroline Linden Elisabet Welinder

84 Björn O. Nilsson Monica Krutmeijer Johan Weigelt Magnus Breidne Camilla Koebe Lotta Thörn Lars Fog

Business and Communications Property and Conference Centre Camilla Koebe, Vice President Business and Communications Lars Fog, Property Manager Pelle Isaksson Lennart Ohlsson Henrik Lagerträd Anna Lindberg IVA Conference Centre Lars Nilsson Charlotta Svedberg, Conference Director Linda Olsson Britta Aulio Joakim Rådström Sherry Benzon Pär Rönnberg Ann Clausson Jan Westberg Anna-Karin Friskopps Anki Frykman Finance, IT and Administration Robert Komakech Lotta Thörn, CFO Malin Kratz Lena Anderson Lisa Wiklund Jakob Bjarnason Barbara Eriksson Sandra Ivarsson Marika Thunberg Petersson Diana Wilhelmsson

85 © Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 2016 P.O. Box 5073, SE-102 42 Stockholm Tel: +46 (0)8 791 29 00 Fax: +46 (0)8 611 56 23 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.iva.se

ISSN: 1100-5645 ISBN: 978-91-7082-913-0

Project Management: Jan Westberg, Gustaf Wahlström Texts: Lars Nilsson, Pär Rönnberg, Jan Westberg Layout: Pelle Isaksson Printed by: Exakta

Photos: Mattias Edwall, Peter Knutson, Lars Pehrson/SvD/TT, Daniel Roos, Pär Rönnberg, Elin Vinger Elliot, Volvo Cars, Gustav Mårtensson, Scania, Solar Impulse | Revillard | Rezo.ch, Maria Dollhopf, Lund University, Martin Vinger Elliot, Jacob Karström, André de Loisted RUNE LAGNEBORG CHRISTINA LAMPE-ÖNNERUD JOHAN LANDFORS JOHAN LANDFORS EMANUEL LANDSBERGER HENRIK LANGE JOHAN LANGE HÅKAN LANS ANDERS LANSNER HANS JØRGEN LARSEN ALLAN LARSSON GUNNAR LARSSON HANS LARSSON JAN LARSSON KARIN LARSSON KÅRE LARSSON LARS A LARSSON LARS G LARSSON MATS LARSSON PETER LARSSON PETER LARSSON STIG LARSSON STIG-GÖRAN LARSSON ULF LARSSON YNGVE LARSSON THOMAS LAURELL ERIK LAUTMANN KI JUN LEE YUAN TSEH LEE NILS LEFFLER BO LEHNERT BERTHOLD LEIBINGER MATS LEIJON MARTIN LEIMDÖRFER CAROLA LEMNE GÖSTA LEMNE BO LENERIUS RONNIE LETEN HANS LEVANDER CHRISTOFER LEYGRAF MOFANG LI WELLS LI JAN OLOF LIDEFELT SVEN LIDIN FINN LIED KLAUS LIESEN BERT LILJA JAN-OLOV LILJENZIN OTTO LIN JAN-OLOF LIND LOTTA LIND GÖRAN LINDAHL LENNART LINDAU ASSAR LINDBECK ANDERS LINDBERG BENGT LINDBERG KERSTIN LINDBERG GÖRANSSON HANS LINDBERG HELENA LINDBERG PER LINDBERG ULF LINDBERG GÖRAN LINDBERGH LARS LINDBLOM BERTIL LINDE BO LINDELL KERSTIN LINDELL KARL-AXEL LINDEROTH GEORG LINDGREN HANS LINDGREN INGVAR LINDGREN MATS LINDGREN MATS LINDGREN HAMPUS LINDH LOUISE LINDH BJÖRN LINDMAN JOHAN LINDMAN LEIF LINDMARK ELISABETH LINDNER ANDERS LINDQUIST EVA LINDQVIST GUNNAR LINDQVIST MARTIN LINDQVIST PER-ARNE LINDQVIST SVANTE LINDQVIST ANDERS LINDROTH ANNA LINDSTEDT COATES BO S LINDSTRÖM KATARINA LINDSTRÖM MIKAEL LINDSTRÖM MÅRTEN LINDSTRÖM TOM LINDSTRÖM BO LINDVALL PER-ERIK LINDVALL LUDWIK LISZKA INGEMAR LITZELL JOHAN LIU LENNART LJUNG LARS LJUNGDAHL CAMILLA LJUNGGREN LOTTA LJUNGQVIST KARIN LJUNGSTRÖM SVEN-OLOF LODIN RON LONG ERLING LORENTZEN AMORY B. LOVINS QIANG LU VILHJÁLMUR LUDVIKSSON FREDRIK LUNDBERG JAN M LUNDBERG MAGNUS LUNDBERG NICKLAS LUNDBLAD ERIK LUNDGREN JOHAN LUNDGREN NILS LUNDGREN ULF LUNDGREN GÖRAN LUNDIN STEFAN LUNDMARK GUDMAR LUNDQVIST PER LUNDQVIST ULF LUNDQVIST MARTIN LUNDSTEDT BO LUNDSTRÖM INGEMAR LUNDSTRÖM RUNE LUNDSTRÖM STELLAN LUNDSTRÖM GÖRAN LUNDWALL LENNART LÜBECK ANDERS LYBERG SVEN LÖCHEN BENGT LÖFKVIST SVEN LÖFQUIST CARL-GUSTAV LÖNNBORG PER LÖTSTEDT MICHAEL G:SON LÖW JAN LÖWSTEDT PER-OLOF LÖÖF GERO MADELUNG CLAES MAGNUSSON DAVID MAGNUSSON TORBJÖRN MAGNUSSON GÖRAN S. MALM ANDREAS MALMBERG JOHAN MALMQUIST MARTIN MALMSTEN EVA MALMSTRÖM JONSSON ROBERT MALPAS KARIN MARKIDES ANDERS MARTIN-LÖF SVERKER MARTIN-LÖF JAN MARTINSSON BO MATTIASSON SVEN MATTISSON LARS-GUNNAR MATTSSON OVE MATTSSON ULF MATTSSON ÖRJAN MATTSSON JOHN MAYO KIRAN MAZUMDAR-SHAW SARA MAZUR SARAH MCPHEE CARVER A MEAD DAG MEJDELL ARNE MELANDER JUDITH MELIN ARNE MELLGREN LARS MELLGREN ALAIN MÉRIEUX MIRKA MIKES-LINDBÄCK MILLE MILLNERT ÅSA MINOZ FRANÇOIS MIQUEL KRISTINA MJÖRNELL ANDERS MOBERG CHRISTINA MOBERG CATHARINA MODAHL NILSSON CAMILLA MODÉER SARA MODIG HÅKAN MOGREN PER-ERIK MOHLIN PETER MOLDÉUS JOHAN MOLIN PER MOLIN MICHAEL MONONEN LEON MONTELL HELMUT MORITZ HANNA MOSS JAN MOSTRÖM OSAMU MOTOJIMA STAFFAN MOVIN INGEMAR MUNDEBO RUIZ EMILIO MUÑOZ EARLL M MURMAN ALEXANDER MYERS EGIL MYKLEBUST JAN-ANDERS MÅNSON OLA MÅNSSON ARNE MÅRTENSSON KAJ MÅRTENSSON YVONNE MÅRTENSSON MART MÄGI ERNA MÖLLER LARS NABSETH SOPHIE NACHEMSON-EKWALL TOMOKO M. NAKANISHI VENKATESH NARAYANAMURTI ANDERS NARVINGER JULIUS NATTERER TOMAS NAUCLÉR LENA NEIJ ROBERT M NEREM IVARS NERETNIEKS YRJÖ NEUVO KERSTIN NIBLAEUS MARTIN NICKLASSON TOMAS NICOLIN JENS NIELSEN JOHN RUNE NIELSEN LARS NIELSEN GERT NILSON ANN-MARIE NILSSON BJÖRN O. NILSSON ELISABETH NILSSON HANS NILSSON JÖRGEN NILSSON KRISTINA L NILSSON LARS-OLOF NILSSON LARSGUNNAR NILSSON LEIF NILSSON MIKAEL NILSSON NILS J. NILSSON OLLE NILSSON AINA NILSSON STRÖM SVEN- CHRISTER NILSSON THOMAS NILSSON ANNA NILSSON VINDEFJÄRD ANNA NILSSON-EHLE STEN NORDBERG BENGT NORDÉN WILLIAM D NORDHAUS BENGT NORDIN STIG NORDQVIST ANDERS NORDSTRAND LARS E NORDSTRÖM LARS G NORDSTRÖM MARGARETA NORELL BERGENDAHL SUSANNE NORGREN TORBJÖRN NORIN MALCOLM NORLIN BO NORMARK STAFFAN NORMARK MIKAEL NORR HANS NORRSTRÖM CURT NORSTEDT CHRISTER NORSTRÖM ALASTAIR NORTH LARS NYBERG THORSTEN NYBOM LARS NYBORG JONAS NYCANDER EVA NYGREN JAN NYGREN PETER NYGÅRDS CARL-ERIK NYQUIST ORVAR NYQUIST ANDERS NYRÉN STAFFAN NÄSSTRÖM BØRGE OBEL AGNETA ODÉN MIKAEL ODENBERG BJÖRN ODLANDER BJÖRN ODLANDER RAGNAR OHLSON LENNART OHLSSON JORMA OLLILA JAN OLLNER DAN OLOFSSON MAGNUS OLOFSSON PIERRE OLOFSSON GREGORY B. OLSON CURT G OLSSON HANS-OLOV OLSSON LINDA OLSSON M INGEMAR OLSSON MORGAN OLSSON OLLE OLSSON ULF OLSSON ULF OLSSON LENA OLVING LENA OLVING ROBERT ONSANDER VYTAUTAS OSTASEVICIUS LARS OTTOSON FREDRIK PALLIN JAN-OVE PALMBERG BENGT PALMÉR INGEGERD PALMÉR JUNI PALMGREN ANDERS PALMQVIST HOMAN PANAHI ANTON PANNENBORG DATTATRAY PARASNIS MALIN PARKLER BORIS PATON JOSEPH PAULRAJ AROGYASWAMI OLOF PAULSSON IMRE PÁZSIT BERTIL PEKKARI MAGNUS PENKER VIRGIL PERCEC MIKAEL PERDIN BERTIL PERSSON GÖRAN A PERSSON JAN-CRISTER PERSSON JOHAN PERSSON LENNART PERSSON MALIN PERSSON MATS PERSSON MICHAEL E PERSSON NILS-GÖRAN PERSSON OLOF PERSSON STEFAN PERSSON TORSTEN PERSSON INGRID PETERSSON PER-ERIK PETERSSON ANDERS PETTERSSON HENRI PIATIER GIORGIO PICCI MARIE- PAULE PILENI BYRON PIPES BERND PISCHETSRIEDER MADJIDI POOYA MARIA POPPEN WIKLANDER TOBIAS PORSERUD MICHAEL PORTER ASHKAN POUYA WILLIAM POWERS MARIKA PSON ANNE-MARIE PÅLSSON SVANTE PÄÄBO MARIAN RADETZKI LARS RAMQVIST KARL-GUSTAV RAMSTRÖM JUHA RANTANEN ANDERS RANTZER ANDERS RASMUSON JØRGEN RASSING FINN RAUSING HANS RAUSING SVEN-OLOV REFTMARK LAURE REINHART MAGNUS RENÉ LARS RENSTRÖM BIRGITTA RESVIK ANDERS RIETZ RUDOLF RIGLER PATRIK RIGNELL MATS G RINGESTEN ARNE RISBERG ROBERT O. RITCHIE JOHAN RITTNER HANS ROBERTSON JOHAN ROCKSTRÖM CLAS ROLANDER ASBJØRN ROLSTADÅS GÖRAN ROOS CARL WILHELM ROS SUNE ROSELL BJÖRN ROSÉN IRMA ROSENBERG BJÖRN ROSENGREN LARS-GÖRAN ROSENGREN HANS ROSLING JENS ROSTRUP-NIELSEN DAVID ROWCLIFFE EVA RUDBERG PER- ARNE RUDBERT HENRIK RUNNEMALM FREDRIK RUNNQUIST SVEIN RUUD NILS RYDBECK BENGT RYDÉN BO RYDIN FREDRIK RYDIN ANDERS RYLANDER ANNA RYOTT HANNU RYÖPPÖNEN LENNART RÅDSTRÖM KARIN RÖDING MIKAEL RÖNNHOLM AULIS SAARINEN MERNOSH SAATCHI PAUL SAFFO KARL-ERIK SAHLBERG KERSTIN SAHLIN MAURITZ SAHLIN ELISABET SALANDER BJÖRKLUND GUNILLA SALTIN AVELINO SAMARTIN JOSEPH SAMEC JONAS SAMUELSON LARS SAMUELSON JONAS SAMUELSSON ANN-SOFIE SANDBERG GÖRAN SANDBERG HANS SANDBERG OLOF SANDBERG JOHN SANDBLOM JOHAN SANDELL OLOF SANDÉN TOMAS SANDEN ANNA SANDER ÅKE SANDER ERIK SANDEWALL MADELENE SANDSTRÖM ROLF SANDSTRÖM PIA SANDVIK PHILIPPE SANSONETTI BJÖRN SAVÉN ANDERS SCHARP CECILIA SCHELIN SEIDEGÅRD DAVID SCHINDLER ROLAND SCHMITT ARWIDSON SCHREWELIUS OLA SCHULTZ-EKLUND PETER SCHURTENBERGER JAN-ÅKE SCHWEITZ LOUIS SCHWEITZER JOHAN SCHÜCK MELKER SCHÖRLING NILS-HERMAN SCHÖÖN HELÉN SEEMANN BAL RAJ SEHGAL ULRICH SEIFFERT YASUJI SEKINE SACHIO SEMMOTO ERIK SERRANO HOMI SETHNA EUGENE SHCHUKIN DAN SHECHTMAN JOHN SHEPHERD JOHAN SIBERG LENA-KAJSA SIDÉN CHRISTIAN SIEVERT HANS SIEVERTSSON DAG SIGURD OZIRES SILVA KERSTIN SIRVELL RUNE SIRVELL JOHAN SJÖ ANDERS SJÖBERG BERNDT SJÖBERG LENNART SJÖBERG SÖREN SJÖLANDER CHRISTER SJÖLIN LARS-INGE SJÖQVIST LARS SJÖSTEDT SVEN-ERIK SJÖSTRAND OLOF SJÖSTRÖM JOHAN SKOGLUND ROLF SKOGLUND MAGNUS SKOGLUNDH HARALD SKOGMAN INGRID SKOGSMO KENTH SKOGSVIK HANS SKOOG HÅKAN SKUTBERG ROLF SKÅR ANDERS SLETTENGREN ANDERS SNELL SARA SNOGERUP LINSE MICHAEL SOHLMAN EVELYN SOKOLOWSKI JIAN SONG METE SOZEN JAN-OLOF SPERLE ERICH SPITZ BJÖRN SPRÄNGARE LOTHAR SPÄTH YNGVE STADE KARI STADIGH ANITRA STEEN JONAS STEEN SVEN STEEN LARS STEHN STIG STENDAHL ERIK STENEROTH URBAN STENHEDE PER STENIUS BENGT STENLUND ANNIKA STENSSON TRIGELL PER STENSTRÖM OLOV STERNER JOHAN STERTE HÅKAN STILLE HELENA STJERNHOLM PETER STOICA MARCUS STORCH MINNA STORM PER STORM KJELL STRANDBERG LARS STRANNEGÅRD HANS STRÅBERG LARS STRÖMBERG MARCUS STRÖMBERG PER STRÖMBERG PETER STRÖMBÄCK FREDRIK STRÖMHOLM MARIA STRÖMME BO STRÖMQVIST DAG STRÖMQVIST LJOT STRÖMSENG LARS STUGEMO BENGT STYMNE JAN-ERIC STÅHL STEFAN STÅHL SANDBERG MARIE STÄLLVIK NAM PYO SUH CARL JOHAN SUNDBERG KAJSA SUNDBERG ÅSA SUNDBERG BIRGITTA SUNDBLAD LARS SUNDBLAD JAN-ERIC SUNDGREN BO SUNDQVIST ANDERS SUNDSTRÖM KARL-HENRIK SUNDSTRÖM TORBJÖRN SUNESON SUBRA SURESH WOJCIECH SUWALA CARL-HENRIC SVANBERG SUNE SVANBERG TINA SVANBERG- LUNDGREN BJÖRN SVEDBERG GUNNAR SVEDBERG TORD SVEDBERG MATS SVEGFORS HÅKAN SVENNERSTÅL CHRISTER SVENSSON JAN SVENSSON JONAS SVENSSON SVANTE SVENSSON ÅKE SVENSSON ÅKE SVENSSON JAN SVÄRD BIRGITTA SWEDENBORG THOMAS SÄTMARK RIKARD SÖDERBERG STAFFAN SÖDERBERG ULF SÖDERGREN PATRIK SÖDERHOLM HANS TSON SÖDERSTRÖM ÅSA SÖDERSTRÖM JERRING JOHAN SÖDERSTRÖM LARS-OLOV SÖDERSTRÖM LENA SÖDERSTRÖM SVERKER SÖRLIN HÅKAN SÖRMAN PIRKKO TAMSEN CHRISTOFFER TAXELL TUULA TEERI GREG TEGART MICHAEL TENDLER CHRISTINA TENFÄLT BJÖRN TENGROTH HENRIK TENGSTRAND JAN TENGZELIUS PÁL TÉTÉNYI CLAES THEGERSTRÖM DIRK THOENES HANS THOMANN BERTIL THORNGREN TOMAS THORVALDSSON BENGT THULIN LARS H THUNELL HENRIK THUNMAN MIKAEL THUNVED LARS THYLÉN LOTTA THÖRN FREDRIK TIBERG PATRIK TIGERSCHIÖLD ANNE-MARIE TILLMAN AZUSA TOMIURA JAN TORIN ANNA-KARIN TORNBERG HARALD TORNINGER ANNA TORNINGER-PEMBE LARS TORSTENSSON LINUS TORVALDS HAMADOUN I. TOURÉ MARIANNE TRESCHOW MICHAEL TRESCHOW LENA TRESCHOW TORELL ULF TROEDSSON STEN TROLLE JAMES TRUCHARD STAFFAN TRUVÉ GÖRAN TUNHAMMAR ANTHONY TURNER KYÖSTI TUUTTI MARGARETA TÖRNQVIST VILMOS TÖRÖK JAN UDDENFELDT INGRID UDÉN MOGENSEN MATHIAS UHLÉN BJÖRN UHRENIUS ANDERS ULFVARSON ANDERS ULLBERG CHRISTINA ULLENIUS ANDERS ULLMAN SVEN ULLRING JONAS UNGER JAAK URMI HANS URSING HEINRICH URSPRUNG GABRIEL URWITZ JAMES UTTERBACK HÅKAN VALBERG ANNA VALTONEN HENDRIK VAN BRUSSEL CEES VAN LEDE MARC VAN MONTAGU FRANK VANG-JENSEN NILS-GÖSTA VANNERBERG ANDERS VEDIN BENGT-ARNE VEDIN EVGENY VELIKHOV JÖRGEN VESSMAN CECILIA VIEWEG GÖSTA VIKING JURGIS VILEMAS ALEXANDER VON GABAIN GUNNAR VON HEIJNE CASPER VON KOSKULL ERIK VON SYDOW HANS VON UTHMANN TOM VON WEYMARN MATTI VUORIA ULF WAHLBERG TORBJÖRN WAHLBORG BJÖRN WAHLROOS JANE WALERUD ANDERS WALL JAN WALLANDER HARRIET WALLBERG JACOB WALLENBERG PETER WALLENBERG JR MARCUS WALLENBERG SVEN WALLGREN AMELIE WALLIN MARY WALSHOK ALEXANDRA WALUSZEWSKI YU-ZHU WANG CHRISTER WANNHEDEN AGNETA WARGSJÖ PER-OLOF WEDIN PÄR WEIHED PETER WEISS SVEN WEJDLING GERT WENDROTH HÅKAN WENNERSTRÖM DAN WERBIN ANDERS WERME GUNNAR WESSMAN HEIJE WESTBERG JAN WESTBERG ULF WESTBERG MARGARETA WESTER LARS WESTERBERG BARBRO WESTERHOLM PER-HÅKAN WESTIN HENRIK WESTLING HÅKAN WESTLING PER WESTLUND ALBERT WESTWOOD GUNNAR WETTERBERG JAMES A WEYHENMEYER CLAUS WEYRICH STEFAN WIDEGREN EVA WIGREN EVA WIGREN HANS WIGZELL CLAS WIHLBORG HANS WIJERS OLLE WIJK JAN WIKANDER STEN WIKANDER ÖRJAN WIKFORSS MARTIN WIKLUND MARTIN WIKSTRÖM SOLVEIG WIKSTRÖM ÅKE WIKSTRÖM ANNE MARIE WILHELMSEN CLAES WILHELMSSON KRISTINA WILLGÅRD ANNA WILSON ROLAND WIMMERSTEDT FREDRIK WINBERG GERT WINGÅRDH PERNILLA WINNHED GREGORY WINTER MARCO WIRÉN HERBERT WIRTH JONAS WISTRÖM JONAS WISTRÖM ARNE WITTLÖV HENNING WITTMEYER CLAES WOHLIN LARS WOHLIN SVANTE WOLD MICHAEL WOLF ROLF WOLFF LARS WOLLUNG BJÖRN WOLRATH EUGENE WONG JOHAN WOXENIUS JISONG WU SIEGFRIED ZHIQIANG WU LARS WÅGBERG PETER WÅGSTRÖM KLAS WÅHLBERG PETER WÅLLBERG PETER WÅLLBERG TORGNY WÄNNSTRÖM GUANHUA XU KUANGDI XU RONGLIE XU HAJIME YAMASHINA SHUNPEI YAMAZAKI IVAN YATES JUHA YLÄ-JÄÄSKI ANDERS YNNERMAN NAOYA YODA HIROYUKI YOSHIKAWA GERMAN ZAGAINOV IVO ZANDER JENS ZANDER UDO ZANDER RICHARD NEIL ZARE NIKLAS ZENNSTRÖM LARS H ZETTERBERG JI ZHOU INGEGERD ÅGREN JOHN ÅGREN SVEN ÅGRUP PÄR ÅHLSTRÖM ANNIKA ÅHNBERG BENGT ÅKESSON KARL-ERIK ÅRZÉN SIVBORG SUSANNE ÅS NILS G ÅSLING CHRISTER ÅSLUND NILS ÅSLUND MONICA ÅSMYR IRMA ÅSTRAND LARS ÅSTRAND JAN ÅSTRÖM KARL JOHAN ÅSTRÖM JOHAN ÖBERG ÅKE ÖBERG HALLVARD ØDEGAARD IVAN ÖFVERHOLM FREDRIK ÖHRN INGEMAR ÖHRN LARS ÖJEFORS PER ANDERS ÖRTENDAHL GUSTAF ÖSTBERG JAN-OVE ÖSTENSEN JERRY ÖSTER LEIF ÖSTLING LARS ÖSTMAN