DOCSLIB.ORG

Agents in Brussels

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Agents in Brussels THOMAS LARUE AGENTS IN BRUSSELS DELEGATION AND DEMOCRACY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UMEÅ UNIVERSITY Statsvetenskapliga institutionen Umeå universitet Statsvetenskapliga institutionens skriftserie, 2006:01 ISSN 0349-0831 ISBN 91-7264-058-8 © Thomas Larue Tryck: Print & Media, Umeå universitet, 2006:2001780 Abstract: This dissertation explores delegation and democracy within the European Union (EU). The EU now constitutes one of the cornerstones of the democratic systems of its member states. The most vital instrument of democracy is lawmaking, which increasingly occurs at the European level. Many different actors contribute to the shaping of EU legisla- tion. Among the most important of these are national bureaucrats representing their mem- ber states in Council negotiations. This thesis focuses on these bureaucrats. In particular it analyzes the delegation and accountability relationship between member states’ govern- ments and their national bureaucrats stationed at the permanent representations (PRs) in Brussels. It is based on semi-structured elite interviews with 80 French and Swedish senior civil servants in Brussels, Paris and Stockholm. Using an explorative and descriptive comparative case study of two EU member states, France and Sweden, the dissertation seeks to describe and analyse how delegation between member states’ capitals and Brussels are affected by: i) the coordination and preparation of EU issues in member states’ government offices, ii) the organisation and functioning of the permanent representations, and, most importantly, iii) existing accountability mechanisms. Applying a principal-agent approach, this study shows that the delegation between govern- ments and their Brussels-based bureaucrats is adequate, despite relatively weak delegation and accountability designs. The study identifies institutional divergence between France and Sweden as regards the design of national systems of EU delegation, particularly moni- toring and reporting requirements, where Sweden seems to have a more developed system. Both countries have similar contract design and screening and selection systems for em- ploying national agents stationed at the PRs. The impact of domestic coordination of EU affairs is important in order to understand processes of both preference formation prece- dent to delegation and of preference transfer through instructions. In this case it is obvious that French coordination is more efficient. The functions of the permanent representation also influence delegation between national and European levels. For example, administra- tive procedures in the PRs in Brussels have had effects on the drafting of instructions, some- thing that is particularly notable in the Swedish case. The study identifies several central problems as regards delegation between bureaucrats in Brussels and governments in member states’ capitals. The first problem has to do with the ongoing blurring of political and bureaucratic dimensions. This inhibits the ability of principals (in our case member state governments) to hold their agents (Brussels-based bureaucrats) accountable. The second problem identified by this study as regards the work- ing of democracy is the distinction between formal and informal processes. One conclusion is that informal processes should be formalised or made more transparent. Opacity in lawmaking processes has detrimental effects on long-term legitimacy of democratic sys- tems. Holding de facto lawmaking bureaucrats, caught in a cross-pressure between national demands and European ambitions, accountable is essential for democracy. The dissertation includes practical suggestions as to how to improve delegation, and argues that additional research on both the roles and power of bureaucrats as well as issues of cross-pressure is necessary. Keywords: accountability, bureaucracy, delegation, democracy, European Union (EU), France, national EU coordination, permanent representations, principal-agent, Sweden CONTENTS Tables and Figures Abbreviations Acknowledgments 1. SETTING THE SCENE 1 2. THEORY, CONCEPTS AND MODELS 19 3. METHODOLOGY 63 4. RESEARCH OVERVIEW AND EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND 87 5. COORDINATION OF EU AFFAIRS IN SWEDEN 121 6. THE SWEDISH PERMANENT REPRESENTATION 165 7. COORDINATION OF EU AFFAIRS IN FRANCE 199 8. THE FRENCH PERMANENT REPRESENTATION 247 9. ASSESSING DELEGATION DESIGNS 283 10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH 315 REFERENCES 339 APPENDIX 377 TABLES AND FIGURES Diagrams Number of annual Council and COREPER meetings (1958–2004) 104 Number of annual working group meetings (1958–2004) 109 Figures Politicians’ and bureaucrats’ roles and responsibilities 28 Aspects of delegation between member states and the Council of Ministers 112 Politicians’ and bureaucrats’ roles and responsibilities (revisited) 322 Organisation of the SGCI (2003) 393 Tables Summary of analytical and background variables 55 Senior administrators and employees at EU member states’ permanent representations (1998, 2000, and 2002) 99 Heads of EU units within the Swedish MFA (1995-2005) 127 Total budget cost for the Swedish PR (1997-2005) 172 Swedish permanent and deputy permanent representatives (1992-2005) 173 French European ministers (1978-2005) 204 SGCI secretaries-general (1948-2005) 208 Evolution of the staff and numbers of sections at the SGCI (1971-2005) 213 Numbers of inter-ministry meetings and video satellite meetings (1991-2 and 1997-2002) 228 Ministerial affiliation of senior officials at the French permanent representation (1965-2003, selected years) 248 French permanent and deputy permanent representatives (1958-2005) 250 Summary of analytical and background variables (results) 306 Swedish governments (1945-2005) 388 French governments (1959-2005) 390 SGCI deputy secretaries-general (1948-2005) 391 Number of Lower House EU committee hearings (1995-2005) 392 Number of Lower House EU committee reports (1991-2003) 392 ABBREVIATIONS CAP Common Agricultural Policy CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CIVCOM Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management COREPER Committee of the Permanent Representatives ECJ European Court of Justice ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EP European Parliament EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community ESDP European Security and Defence Policy (a part of CFSP) EUKORR Swedish European Correspondents Fi/BA Swedish Ministry of Finance’s section for Budget issues GAC General Affairs Council IGC Intergovernmental Conference JAI Justice and Home Affairs JORF Official journal of the French republic MEP Member of the European Parliament (plural: MEPs) MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MP Member of Parliament (plural: MPs) PR Permanent representation PSC Political and Security Committee SB Swedish Prime Minister’s Office SB-EU Swedish PMO unit for coordination of EU affairs SCA Special Committee on Agriculture SFS Swedish official journal SGCI French interministerial committee for coordination of EU affairs SGG French government’s secretariat TD French diplomatic telegraph UD-EP Swedish’s Foreign Ministry’s unit for CFSP/ESDP issues UD-EU Swedish Foreign Ministry’s unit for European Union affairs ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Writing a dissertation is like making a long (and unfortunately solitary) sailing trip. One starts with high expectations, a pristine mind and fresh body as well as a boat filled to the brim with food, water, and fuel. After undraping the neatly folded sails the ship takes speed; land first turns into a thin line on the horizon and by nightfall, it disappears. Alone, amidst the beautiful dark blue waters with only the company of the pale moon or the milky way’s mesmerizing streak of star dust on moonless nights, a long journey begins: Ephemeral meetings with dolphins and sea-turtles. Ceaseless struggles against storms with 40 feet waves threatening above the squeaking mast; ensued by hours of windless voids under the blistering hot sun, a most peculiar feeling of being stuck in a desert in the middle of water. But all is well that ends well: the battered boat, covered in salt, silently drifts into the safe harbour of destination with torn sails and empty tanks. Though the voyage had a price: a scarred soul, a slightly wearier and older body, a thicker skin, it was well worth it. Because we must always remember that it is the challenges that define us best. It is the obstacles which illuminate what we are truly capable of. This is why we should always welcome adversity and embrace struggle, and no matter what we get from life never give less than one hundred and ten percent back. For at the end of each battle weary day, we fold ourselves into peaceful darkness and we find some comfort in loneliness and dreams of the next expedition on the deep blue seas. Sailing, in all its form, requires however more than a sturdy soul and sleek mus- cles. Sailors throughout history have used stars to navigate safely and regatta skip- pers are dependent on their team mates’ effort to push the boat beyond its limits in order to win. As captain of SS Agents in Brussels I am solely responsible for the final destination, but I have enjoyed the company and support of many team mates and relied on many stars for celestial navigation. First and foremost, I would like to thank my thesis supervisor Torbjörn Bergman. With his great experience, unique sang-froid and great acumen, he has saved me, on numerous occasions from ice- bergs, treacherous currents and bad winds. Truly I could have not wished for a better onboard navigator. I hold the deepest respect for his demeanour
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Curriculum Vitae
    Prof. Thomas Sterner CURRICULUM VITAE 2019-01-25 University of Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law Environmental Economics Unit, Department of Economics 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Employments ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Universities and Research Institutions ................................................................................................ 4 Schools ................................................................................................................................................ 5 Languages ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Honors, Prizes & Board Memberships ................................................................................................. 5 Honorary Positions ......................................................................................................................... 5 Prizes ............................................................................................................................................... 6 Member of scientific boards and committees ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ¥001-036/Kap 0-Bildt
    carl bildt Den stapplande vägen till reformer och till Europa Kronförsvaret hösten 1992 är en episod i den större sagan om Sveriges ansträngningar att reformera sin ekonomi och övervinna sin isolering i Europa. Ingenting av det som inträffade under dessa delvis dramatiska veckor kan förstås om det inte ses i detta större sammanhang. Det handlade om ansträngningarna, mot bakgrund av den ekonomiska debatten under 1970- och 1980-talen, att reformera vår ekonomi samt om de vidare ansträngningarna att etablera ett fastare europe- iskt valutasamarbete på väg mot en gemensam europeisk valuta. I efterhand är det inte svårt att se logiken i utvecklingens linjer under dessa månader. Stödet från regering och riksdag till Riks- banken i dess försvar av kronans fasta kurs var en följd av de tidiga- re decenniernas erfarenheter. Samtidigt var Riksbankens misslyc- kande med detta en följd av orkanstyrkan i de valutaspekulationer som drog fram över de europeiska marknaderna under hösten 1992. I slutet av 1991 hade de dåvarande EG-länderna i och med för- draget i Maastricht deklarerat sin avsikt att successivt gå vidare från den inre marknaden till att under 1990-talet etablera en ekono- misk och monetär union med en gemensam valuta. Vi inom den borgerliga regering som tillträdde efter valet ville helt och fullt vara med i detta samarbete. Men från och med den danska folkomröstningen i juni 1992 till och med sommaren 1993 kom spekulationerna på de finansiella marknaderna att slita sönder det samarbete som etablerats. Så gott som samtliga europeiska valutor sveptes med i den utveckling som kulminerade när ERM-systemet de facto upplöstes sommaren 1993.
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish Interests in Times of European Change
    Swedish interests in times of European change Speach by Ulf Kristersson, Europahuset, 16th of May 2018 The spoken word applies Ulf Kristersson, Europahuset, 16th of May 2018 First of all, I would like to extend my warmest thanks to Katarina Areskough Mascarenhas for giving me the opportunity to come and say a few words about the development and future of European cooperation, what it means for Sweden, and the role I see our country playing within the EU. *** On the 31st of August 1961 Prime Minister Harold Macmillan announced in the United Kingdom’s House of Commons that the UK would apply for membership of the European Economic Community, or the EEC, the predecessor of the modern EU. History – or rather Charles de Gaulle – stood in Macmillan’s way, however, and it would take the UK more than a decade to finally gain membership. The process saw several vetoes from the French President, and eventually his resignation and death, before the UK became a member. Some things have not changed; every time the UK moves to change its relationship with Europe, its actions have an affect on everyone else, including Sweden. It is the same story repeating itself. Within a few weeks, Sweden’s relationship with the EEC would also be determined in a way that would have a significant impact on the European politics debate in Sweden for the next thirty years. The business community, the Liberal People’s Party, and not least my own party pushed for membership. In the 1962 elections, my predecessor Gunnar Hecksher appeared on election posters bearing the message ‘Yes to Europe – for freedom and security’.
    [Show full text]
  • Affärsängel Med Fingertoppskänsla För Bra Teknikidéer
    Så hoppas Sverige Sveriges lägga beslag på smartaste EU-myndighet 22 industri 5 IVAAKTUELLT NR 1 2017. GRUNDAD 1930 JANE WALERUD Affärsängel med fingertoppskänsla för bra teknikidéer Asea-robot långkörare i Genarp Första kvinnan som blev professor i Sverige IVA Opinion Digitaliseringens vardagsutmaningar igitalisering är vår tids stora tade uttrycket ”cash is king”. förändringskraft. I vardagen blir Självklart är det här ingen katastrof av vi ständigt påminda om hur den episka mått. Men det är irriterande att påverkar i stort och smått, på varken jag eller stormarknaden har en fung- jobb och fritid. Näringsliv och erande backup. Och min kundupplevelse av Dmyndigheter blir effektivare, våra sociala liv det som brukar kallas ”fintech” blir negativ. förändras och vår vardag enklare. Det finns runt 5 miljoner privata användare Smarta mobiler gör det lättare att skicka av Swish i dag. Men företagslösningar för pengar, hitta vägen, jämföra priser, boka butiker är än så länge bara på provstadiet. resor och hotell, konsumera media, spåra Samtidigt vill inte bankerna hantera borttappade mobiler, kolla tv-serier och kontanter och det blir allt längre mellan styra värmen i fritidshuset. Det mesta har bankomaterna. Särskilt i glesbygd. Att gå blivit lite bättre. Så länge allt fungerar. omkring med en bunt sedlar i plånboken Det är när tekniken slutar fungera som betraktas närmast som suspekt. vi plötsligt inser hur irriterande beroende Att it-system går ner och inte har hund- vi blivit av digitaliseringens positiva sidor. ra procents tillgänglighet är något vi lärt Det räcker med att den trådlösa routern oss att acceptera. Att samhällsfunktioner hemma går ner så drabbas familjen av blir allt mer beroende av dessa medför att kollektiv panik.
    [Show full text]
  • Den Svenska Riksbanksreformen 1998/99 Johan Lönnroth
    Den svenska riksbanksreformen 1998/99 Johan Lönnroth RAPPORT #65 Den svenska riksbanksreformen 1998/99 (inklusive intervjubilaga fr s.46) Johan Lönnroth Idag den 29 november 2019 lägger den parlamentariska riksbanksutredningen fram sitt betänkande. Läget jämfört med då den nu gällande riksbankslagen trädde i kraft den 1 januari 1989 är radikalt annorlunda. Då var hög inflation och politikernas oförmåga att hantera den ett stort problem medan sysselsättningen var hög och arbetslösheten nästan obefintlig. Nationalekonomernas idéer om att en expansiv finanspolitik bara ledde till högre inflation och att politiker är för kortsiktiga och opportunistiska för att kunna sköta penningpolitiken hade slagit igenom internationellt. I den nya riksbankslagen hette det att målet för penningpolitiken skall vara låg inflation. Tio är senare fick vi också en reform som gjorde att Riksbanken skulle ledas av (förment) opolitiska ekonomiska experter som förbjöds bry sig om vad politikerna i riksdag och regering tyckte. Idag är situationen en helt annan. Det stora problemet är en otillräcklig sysselsättningsnivå och hög arbetslöshet medan inflationen är alltför låg. Och politikerna kan inte anklagas för en opportunistisk, inflationsdrivande politik. Tvärtom är finanspolitiken extremt försiktig. Dagens betänkande innebär att sju av åtta partiföreträdare vill att penningpolitiken skall kunna lägga en något större vikt vid sysselsättningen. Men i praktiken tas redan sådana hänsyn så i stort vill majoriteten ha status quo. Lönnroth, som representerade Vänsterpartiet i utredningen, anser i en reservation att riksbankens penningpolitik ska ha två parallella mål: låg och stabil inflation samt hög och stabil sysselsättningsgrad. Hans förslag ligger i linje med uttalanden från både LO och statsminister Löfvén. I denna text tecknar Lönnroth en bred historik över den svenska penningpolitikens historia.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL Report
    Annual report TORVILD AAKVAAG BJARNE AAMODT OLAV AARNA LARS-ERIC AARO TEODOR AASTRUP KENT ABBÅS ENNO ABEL EGIL ABRAHAMSEN JONAS ABRAHAMSSON ERIK AGERMAN GUNNAR AGFORS CARLOS AUGUSTO LIRA AGUIAR CHRISTOPHER AHLBERG INGA-BRITT AHLENIUS LENNART AHLGREN GÖRAN AHLSTRÖM KRISTER AHLSTRÖM KRISTINA AHLSTRÖM ESKO AHO MATTI ALAHUHTA HORST ALBACH ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON PER-ÅKE ALBERTSSON EVA-LENA ALBIHN MARCUS ALDÉN UNO ALFREDEEN HENRIK ALFREDSSON BERT ALLARD THOMAS ALLARD STURE ALLÉN GUNNAR ALMGREN ANDREAS ALSÉN KRISTINA ALSÉR OLLE ALSHOLM LEO ALTING JAVIER ALVAREZ VARA JOHNNY ALVARSSON LOUIS AMÉEN JOAKIM AMORIM PIA ANDERBERG ARNE ANDERSSON BENGT ANDERSSON BERTIL ANDERSSON BJÖRN ANDERSSON BRITT-INGER ANDERSSON CURT ANDERSSON EVERT ANDERSSON GÖRAN ANDERSSON INGER ANDERSSON INGVAR ANDERSSON JOHAN ANDERSSON LARS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON PATRIK ANDERSSON ROLAND ANDERSSON ROLF ANDERSSON RUNE ANDERSSON SIV ANDERSSON SVEN-ERIK ANDERSSON SÖREN ANDERSSON THOMAS ANDERSSON TOMAS ANDERSSON ÅKE E ANDERSSON ROBERT ANDREEN PETER ANDREKSON CARL-GUSTAF ANDRÉN SVEN G ANDRÉN INGEGERD ANNERGREN KARIN ANNERWALL PARÖ MARKUS ANTONIETTI ULLA ANTONSSON JEANETTE ANTTILA MARIA ANVRET MASAHIKO AOKI KARIN APELMAN GUNILLA ARHÉN ANTTI ARJAS JOHN ARMSTRONG CHRISTEL ARMSTRONG-DARVIK SIGNHILD ARNEGÅRD-HANSEN ROAR ARNTZEN BERTIL ARONSSON LARS AROSENIUS FREDRIK ARP GÖRAN ARVIDSSON OLOF ARWIDI MICHAEL ASHBY LEIF ASP OLA ASPLUND PETER AUGUSTSSON JÖRGEN AXELSSON ANNA AXELSSON WÅLLBERG SVEN AXSÄTER ROLF BACK LARS BACKSELL SIGVARD BAHRKE CLAES BANKVALL DEAN BANNON SERGIO
    [Show full text]
  • The European Pillar of Social Rights Meets the Nordic Model Caroline De La Porte*
    January 2019:2epa EUROPEAN POLICY ANALYSIS The European Pillar of Social Rights meets the Nordic model Caroline de la Porte* Summary The ‘European Pillar of Social Rights’ (EPSR), consisting of 20 principles, was adopted as a solemn declaration by EU institutions in November 2017. This paper examines how the EPSR changes the EU social policy regime and how it could impact the ‘Nordic model’, focusing on Sweden and Denmark. The paper has four main conclusions. First, the EPSR principles build on and adapt previous EU initiatives, to be implemented mainly via soft law, including policy coordination and social benchmarking, but also updates to directives. Second, although the social partners, especially unions, generally support the EPSR, some fear that certain legislative updates – particularly those to work-life balance and on precarious workers – could undermine the Nordic collective bargaining model. To avoid this, a solution to this could be to introduce clauses in these directives, respecting the autonomy of Nordic social partners. Third, the EPSR mimics the main policies of the Nordic welfare model, which reveals the long-term diffusion of the Nordic model to the EU level. Fourth, due to the EPSR’s strong reliance on soft law, its success ultimately depends on ownership in member states. * Caroline de la Porte, Ph.D., Professor in European and Comparative Social Policy, Copenhagen Business School, Department of International Economics, Government and Business. www.sieps.se EUROPEAN POLICY ANALYSIS January 2019:2epa 1 Introduction1 Both have welfare states that are universal and tax- The European Union promotes high social standards, financed and social partners that decide on labour but welfare is organized within the boundaries of market issues, including wage formation, through nation-states (Ferrera 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Hotet Från Öst
    3 Hotet från öst 3.1 Sovjetunionen och Norden För Sovjetunionen var Norden vid slutet av 1960-talet inte något prioriterat område. Mot bakgrund bl.a. av de spända relationerna till Kina var en förbättring av relationerna till väst, och särskilt fortsatt avspänning gentemot den andra supermakten, de viktigaste prioriteterna för den sovjetiska utrikespolitiken. På den europeiska scenen var det för Moskva av vikt att få principen om status quo efter andra världskriget befäst, och att få till stånd en europeisk säkerhetskonferens för detta ändamål. Vägen dit låg via de stora fördragsverken rörande Tyskland och Centraleuropa, och Norden låg i detta perspektiv vid sidan av. 3.1.1 Allmänt Den ökade militära betydelse som Nordområdena (med Nordområdena menas här norra Norge, Sverige och Finland, och angränsande havsområden i Norska havet och Barents hav), senare under 1970-talet skulle komma att få hade ännu vid slutet av 1960- talet inte börjat göra sig gällande. Norden var ”den glömda flanken”. Moskvas intresse vid denna tid var av allt att döma att bevara Norden som ett lågspänningsområde. Sällan gjorde sovjet- ledningen uttalanden om Norden eller frågor som rörde de nordiska länderna, och i den sovjetiska pressen var ämnet vid denna tid sparsamt förekommande. Det ansågs dock i det sovjetiska utrikesministeriet att en ”aktivisering” av Nato i de nordliga med- lemsländerna Danmark och Norge pågick.1 Genom sin geografiska position var det ofrånkomligt att Norden drogs in i den globala öst-västkonfrontationen, och även om området inte låg i centrum för supermakternas intresse är det i 1 Promemoria 1970-06-10, Skandinaviska avdelningen vid det sovjetiska utrikesministeriet.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Nya Antagningsregler Till Högskolan För IB-Elever Utlandsföräldrar Vill Ha
    FÖR UTLANDSSVENSKAR SEDAN 1938 NUMMER 1 ÅR 2017 Nya antagningsregler till högskolan för IB-elever Utlandsföräldrar vill ha mer stöd för svenskundervisning Ändrade regler vid förnyelse av körkort NUMMER 1, 2017 TIDNINGEN SVENSKAR I VÄRLDEN ANSVARIG UTGIVARE Karin Ehnbom–Palmquist CHEFREDAKTÖR Ellika Nyqvist Livchitz [email protected] LAYOUT Ellika Nyqvist Livchitz 11 ENLIGT RESULTATEN AV SVENSKAR I VÄRLDENS ENKÄT TILL UTLANDSSVENSKA FÖRÄLDRAR ÄR MÅNGA KRITISKA TILL HÖGSKOLANS NYA ANTAGNINGSREGLER FÖR IB-ELEVER. ANNONSER FOTO: SUSANNE WAHLSTRÖM, IMAGEBANK SWEDEN UH Marketing AB +46 (0)8–732 48 50 [email protected] DIGITAL PRENUMERATION ÄR GRATIS. ORGANISATIONEN SVENSKAR I VÄRLDEN – UNDER KUNGLIGT BESKYDD 9 EN SVENSK GENERALSEKRETERARE KLASSIKER SPRIDER SIG Karin Ehnbom-Palmquist ÖVER VÄRLDEN. STYRELSE 8 VIKTIG INFORMATION FÖR DIG SOM BOR UTOM- Tuve Johannesson, ordf. LANDS PERMANENT OCH HAR SVENSKT KÖRKORT Lennart Koskinen, vice ordf. Karin Ehnbom-Palmquist, gen.sekr - NYA REGLER ÄR PÅ GÅNG. Anna Belfrage Claes-Johan Geijer Gunnar Gillberg Kai Hammerich David Höjenberg Birgitta Laurent Åsa Lena Lööf Barbro Sachs–Osher Annika Rembe Lisa Emelia Svensson Jonas Hafström Ibbe Gnem 3 GENERALSEKRETERAREN HAR ORDET. Claudia Olsson Anders Söderström 4 SOCIALFÖRSÄKRINGAR VID UTLANDSVISTELSE OCH HEMFLYTT. Kristin Öster 5 NYA ANTAGNINGSREGLER TILL HÖGSKOLAN FÖR IB-ELEVER. MEDLEMSAVGIFTER Enskild och Familj 500 kr EMINARIESERIE OM UTLANDSSTUDIER Kampanjpris Ny Medlem 400 kr 6 S . Studerande 0 kr Ständig medlem 10 000 kr 7 MAJBLOMMAN FYLLER 110 ÅR. BETALNINGSINFO 8 ÄNDRADE REGLER VID FÖRNYELSE AV KÖRKORT. PLUSGIRO: 504–1 BANKGIRO: 732–0542 9 EN SVENSK KLASSIKER SPRIDER SIG GLOBALT. IBAN: SE 74 5000 0000 0521 3100 1002 SWIFT: ESSESESS 11 UTLANDSSVENSKA FÖRÄLDRAR EFTERLYSER ÖKAT STATLIGT STÖD FÖR SVENSKUNDERVISNING UTOMLANDS.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Solidarity : Connections Between Swedish Social Democratic Women and Women in the African National Congress of South Africa, 1960-1994
    ORBIT-OnlineRepository ofBirkbeckInstitutionalTheses Enabling Open Access to Birkbeck’s Research Degree output Practical solidarity : connections between Swedish social democratic women and women in the African National Congress of South Africa, 1960-1994 https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/40170/ Version: Full Version Citation: Lundin, Emma Elinor (2016) Practical solidarity : connections between Swedish social democratic women and women in the African National Congress of South Africa, 1960-1994. [Thesis] (Unpublished) c 2020 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copy- right law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit Guide Contact: email Practical Solidarity: Connections Between Swedish Social Democratic Women and Women in the African National Congress of South Africa, 1960-1994 Emma Elinor Lundin Department of History, Classics & Archaeology Birkbeck, University of London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) July 2015 I declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Emma Elinor Lundin ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the struggle to increase women’s participation in public and political life by focusing on the activism of women within the Swedish Social Democratic Party (SAP) and the African National Congress of South Africa (ANC) from 1960 until 1994. It argues that internationalism was key to these women’s success, providing them with a source of support and funding as well as a stage to develop policies away from overwhelmingly patriarchal national settings. Creating and steering political trends and discussions in international fora, and bolstered by the approval of others in the international community, the women who feature here gained a foot in the door of power and created environments conducive to their presence, abilities and voices.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL Report 2016
    Annual report 2016 TORVILD AAKVAAG BJARNE AAMODT OLAV AARNA LARS-ERIC AARO KENT ABBÅS ENNO ABEL EGIL ABRAHAMSEN JONAS ABRAHAMSSON ERIK AGERMAN GUNNAR AGFORS CARLOS AUGUSTO LIRA AGUIAR CHRISTOPHER AHLBERG INGA-BRITT AHLENIUS LENNART AHLGREN GÖRAN AHLSTRÖM KRISTER AHLSTRÖM ESKO AHO MATTI ALAHUHTA HORST ALBACH ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON PER-ÅKE ALBERTSSON MARCUS ALDÉN UNO ALFREDEEN HENRIK ALFREDSSON BERT ALLARD THOMAS ALLARD STURE ALLÉN GUNNAR ALMGREN KRISTINA ALSÉR OLLE ALSHOLM LEO ALTING JAVIER ALVAREZ VARA JOHNNY ALVARSSON LOUIS AMÉEN ARNE ANDERSSON BENGT ANDERSSON BERTIL ANDERSSON BRITT-INGER ANDERSSON CURT ANDERSSON EVERT ANDERSSON GÖRAN ANDERSSON INGER ANDERSSON INGVAR ANDERSSON LARS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON ROLAND ANDERSSON ROLF ANDERSSON RUNE ANDERSSON SIV ANDERSSON SVEN-ERIK ANDERSSON SÖREN ANDERSSON THOMAS ANDERSSON TOMAS ANDERSSON ÅKE E ANDERSSON PETER ANDREKSON CARL-GUSTAF ANDRÉN INGEGERD ANNERGREN KARIN ANNERWALL PARÖ MARKUS ANTONIETTI ULLA ANTONSSON MARIA ANVRET MASAHIKO AOKI ANTTI ARJAS JOHN ARMSTRONG CHRISTEL ARMSTRONG-DARVIK ROAR ARNTZEN BERTIL ARONSSON LARS AROSENIUS FREDRIK ARP OLOF ARWIDI MICHAEL ASHBY LEIF ASP OLA ASPLUND PETER AUGUSTSSON ANTONIA AX:SON JOHNSON SVEN AXSÄTER ROLF BACK LARS BACKSELL SIGVARD BAHRKE CLAES BANKVALL SERGIO BARABASCHI JOHN S BARAS FRITZ BARK PERCY BARNEVIK MICHEL W. BARSOUM CLAES-GÖRAN BECKEMAN MONICA BELLGRAN CHARLOTTE BENGTSSON EWERT BENGTSSON NILS BENGTSSON ARNE BENNBORN MATS BENNER CARL BENNET BENGT BERG LARS BERG MARTIN BERGDAHL SVEN-GUNNAR BERGDAHL BO BERGGREN THOMAS BERGLIN LARS BERGLUND
    [Show full text]