Annual report 2016 TORVILD AAKVAAG BJARNE AAMODT OLAV AARNA LARS-ERIC AARO KENT ABBÅS ENNO ABEL EGIL ABRAHAMSEN JONAS ABRAHAMSSON ERIK AGERMAN GUNNAR AGFORS CARLOS AUGUSTO LIRA AGUIAR CHRISTOPHER AHLBERG INGA-BRITT AHLENIUS LENNART AHLGREN GÖRAN AHLSTRÖM KRISTER AHLSTRÖM ESKO AHO MATTI ALAHUHTA HORST ALBACH ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON PER-ÅKE ALBERTSSON MARCUS ALDÉN UNO ALFREDEEN HENRIK ALFREDSSON BERT ALLARD THOMAS ALLARD STURE ALLÉN GUNNAR ALMGREN KRISTINA ALSÉR OLLE ALSHOLM LEO ALTING JAVIER ALVAREZ VARA JOHNNY ALVARSSON LOUIS AMÉEN ARNE ANDERSSON BENGT ANDERSSON BERTIL ANDERSSON BRITT-INGER ANDERSSON CURT ANDERSSON EVERT ANDERSSON GÖRAN ANDERSSON INGER ANDERSSON INGVAR ANDERSSON LARS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON ROLAND ANDERSSON ROLF ANDERSSON RUNE ANDERSSON SIV ANDERSSON SVEN-ERIK ANDERSSON SÖREN ANDERSSON THOMAS ANDERSSON TOMAS ANDERSSON ÅKE E ANDERSSON PETER ANDREKSON CARL-GUSTAF ANDRÉN INGEGERD ANNERGREN KARIN ANNERWALL PARÖ MARKUS ANTONIETTI ULLA ANTONSSON MARIA ANVRET MASAHIKO AOKI ANTTI ARJAS JOHN ARMSTRONG CHRISTEL ARMSTRONG-DARVIK ROAR ARNTZEN BERTIL ARONSSON LARS AROSENIUS FREDRIK ARP OLOF ARWIDI MICHAEL ASHBY LEIF ASP OLA ASPLUND PETER AUGUSTSSON ANTONIA AX:SON JOHNSON SVEN AXSÄTER ROLF BACK LARS BACKSELL SIGVARD BAHRKE CLAES BANKVALL SERGIO BARABASCHI JOHN S BARAS FRITZ BARK PERCY BARNEVIK MICHEL W. BARSOUM CLAES-GÖRAN BECKEMAN MONICA BELLGRAN CHARLOTTE BENGTSSON EWERT BENGTSSON NILS BENGTSSON ARNE BENNBORN MATS BENNER CARL BENNET BENGT BERG LARS BERG MARTIN BERGDAHL SVEN-GUNNAR BERGDAHL BO BERGGREN THOMAS BERGLIN LARS BERGLUND KARL BERGMAN LARS BERGMAN CLAS BERGSTRÖM HANS BERGSTRÖM LENNART BERGSTRÖM STEN BERGSTRÖM VILLY BERGSTRÖM LARS BERN LARS BERTMAR KLAUS BIEDERMANN ARTHUR BIENENSTOCK LENNART BILLFALK JEAN-PIERRE BIRAT HÅKAN BIRKE HANS BJUR GUNNAR BJURSELL STEN BJURSTRÖM ERIK BJÖRCK ANDERS BJÖRGERD TOMAS BJÖRK ANDERS BJÖRKLUND HANS BJÖRNSSON ERICH BLOCH ANDERS BLOM STINA BLOMBÄCK CARL-HUGO BLUHME KLAUS BOCK CONNY BOGENTOFT ORIOL BOHIGAS GUARDIOLA ERIK BOHLIN HOLGER BOHLIN STAFFAN BOHMAN INGRID BONDE GUNNAR BORG GUNILLA BORGEFORS ANNIKA BORGENSTAM CARL BORREBÆCK HILTJO BOS PONTUS BRAUNERHJELM HJALMAR BRISMAR GUNNAR BROCK LEIF BRODÉN ANNETTE BRODIN RAMPE CHARLOTTE BROGREN PER BROMAN BENGT BROMS TORBJÖRN BRORSON KARL BROTZMANN BILL BROX FOLKE BRUNDIN NILS BRUNSSON PEGGY BRUZELIUS DAN BRÄNDSTRÖM RUNAR BRÄNNLUND ANDERS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS-JÖRG BULLINGER BRITT-MARIE BYSTEDT STIG BYSTEDT GÖRAN BÄCKBLOM FREDRIK BÄCKHED JAN BÄCKLUND PER-OVE BÄCKSTRÖM URBAN BÄCKSTRÖM LARS BÖRJESSON SOFIA BÖRJESSON SANTIAGO CALATRAVA LARS CALMFORS JAN CARLÉN COLIN CARLILE CARL-ERIC CARLSON MARTIN CARLSON ULF CARLSON E H ROGER CARLSSON GÖRAN CARLSSON JAN OLOF CARLSSON JANNE CARLSSON JAN-OTTO CARLSSON MÅRTEN CARLSSON SUNE CARLSSON TOMAS CARLSSON THOMAS CARLZON MICHEL CARPENTIER GÖRAN CARS BRYAN CARSBERG CHRISTIAN CASPAR TORD CEDELL KLAS CEDERWALL TORSTEN CEGRELL JÖRGEN CENTERMAN VINTON G CERF ROBERT CHABBAL TAO SOON CHAM ATTILA CHIKÁN SOON DAL CHOI KUNMO CHUNG TORD CLAESON BRIAN CLARK P. JOHN CLARKSON CHRISTIAN CLAUSEN MÅNS COLLIN PETER COLLIN EDWARD F CRAWLEY INGEMAR CROON PAUL CRUTZEN BARBARA CZARNIAWSKA MAGNUS DAGERSKOG ANDERS DAHL GÖRAN DAHLBERG BO DAHLBOM CLAES DAHLBÄCK JOHN DAHLFORS ERIK DAHLQUIST HANS DALBORG HANS G DANIELMEYER PER-ERIK DANIELSSON HELEN DANNETUN MAT DARVENIZA PER DAVIDSSON ETIENNE DAVIGNON CARLO DE BENEDETTI THIERRY DE MONTBRIAL CLAES DE NEERGAARD CARLOS DE OLIVEIRA PEIXOTO PER DELSING BENGT DENNIS GEORGIA DESTOUNI MARIANNE DICANDER ALEXANDERSSON GUSTAF DOUGLAS DUNCAN DOWSON PETER DOYLE JAMES R DRAKE BRITT-MARIE DROTTZ SJÖBERG ANNA DUBOIS BJARNE DÄCKER CARINA EDBLAD PER-OLOF EDIN BERTIL EDLUND KRISTINA EDSTRÖM GUNNAR EDWALL BO EDVARDSSON BO EGARDT MARIE EHRLING GEORG EHRNROOTH HENRIK EHRNROOTH LENA EK CHRISTIAN EKBERG ANDERS EKBLOM JOHAN EKESIÖÖ BÖRJE EKHOLM DAN EKLUND KLAS EKLUND ANNE-MARIE EKLUND LÖWINDER JAN-OLOF EKLUNDH BO EKMAN ANNA EKSTRÖM ÅKE EKSTRÖM LENNART ELFGREN BENGT-OLOF ELFSTRÖM PER-JONAS ELIÆSON GUNNAR ELIASSON JONAS ELIASSON HÅKAN ELMQVIST ARNE ELMROTH EMAD EL-SHARKAWI PEJE EMILSSON SVEN-OLOF ENFORS SVERRE ENG STEFAN ENGDAHL PETER ENGLUND BJÖRN ENGQUIST OLOF ENGSTRÖM LARS ENGWALL MATS ENGWALL ENE ERGMA BERNT ERICSON K ANDERS ERICSSON MAGNUS ERICSSON STIG ERICSSON TORSTEN ERICSSON CAJ ERIKSSON HÅKAN ERIKSSON LARS-ERIK ERIKSSON LENNART ERIKSSON MIKAEL ERIKSSON OLOF ERIKSSON PER ERIKSSON PER-OLOF ERIKSSON PEKKA ERKKILÄ SVEN ERLANDER GUNNAR ERLANDSSON BIRGIT ERNGREN WOHLIN BENGT ESKILSON HENRIK ESKILSSON ULF EWALDSSON LENNART EVRELL INKEN FABER GÖRAN FAGERLUND PER FAHLÉN BO FAHLIN CHARLES FAIRHURST THOMAS FALK ANNIKA FALKENGREN PETER FALLENIUS WEITANG FAN YVES FARGE HARRY FAULKNER HANS JÜRGEN FEDERSEL KJELL-OLOF FELDT ANDREY MIKHAILOVICH FINKELSTEIN MARTIN FISCHER HELLMUT FISCHMEISTER HARRY FLAM ANDERS FLODSTRÖM STAFFAN FOLESTAD HANS FOLKESSON OTTO FORGACS HANS G FORSBERG KARIN FORSEKE STURE FORSÉN JACK FORSGREN ERIC FORSSBERG EVA FORSSELL-ARONSSON VLADIMIR FORTOV GRETA FOSSUM ULRIKA FRANCKE HARRY FRANK SIGBRIT FRANKE TORSTEN FRANSSON PATRIC FREDELL LENNART FREDENBERG KERSTIN FREDGA OWE FREDHOLM PAM FREDMAN BILLY FREDRIKSSON HASSE FREDRIKSSON SARAH FREDRIKSSON ÅKE FREDRIKSSON STIG FREYSCHUSS STIG FRIBERG PER ERIK FRICK JONAS FRISÉN HÅKAN FRISINGER TAGE FRISK TOMAS FROM JAN FRYK ULLA-BRITT FRÄJDIN-HELLQVIST TORE FRÄNGSMYR LASZLO FUCHS CHRISTER FUGLESANG TAKAHIRO FUJIMOTO VIIVEKE FÅK PATRIK FÄLTSTRÖM EVA FÄRNSTRAND STEFAN FÖLSTER FRODE GALTUNG STEN GATENBECK PAUL GATENHOLM ANDRAS GEDEON ERNST GEIJER ULRIK GELIUS GÖRAN GELLERSTEDT TRYPHON GEORGIOU MAGDALENA GERGER IVAR GIAEVER JAMES GIBBONS MICHAEL GIBBONS ERIC GIERTZ CRISTINA GLAD SERGEI GLAVATSKIH KRISTINA GLIMELIUS THOMAS GLÜCK MARY GOOD SVEN GRAHN CLAES-GÖRAN GRANQVIST ERIC GRANRYD OVE GRANSTRAND MARIANNE GRAUERS INGMAR GRENTHE SALVATORE GRIMALDI HERMANN GRIMMEISS GÖRAN GRIMVALL ROBERT W GRUBBSTRÖM PER GRUNEWALD LENNART GRÅNÄS ANDERS GRÖNLUND BINGLIN GU CHUNYUAN GU SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON PETER GUDMUNDSON WACLAW GUDOWSKI JOHAN GULLICHSEN JAN GULLIKSEN LARS GUNNARSSON LEI GUO FREDRIK GUSTAFSSON JAN-ÅKE GUSTAFSSON LEIF GUSTAFSSON LENA GUSTAFSSON STEN GUSTAFSSON STIG GUNNAR GUSTAVSON SÖREN GYLL PEHR G GYLLENHAMMAR JON HAAG BACHARUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE MARIE HAFSTRÖM ERIK HAGERSTEN ANDERS HAGFELDT TONY HAGSTRÖM MAGNUS HALL ANDERS HALLBERG BO HALLBERG PER HALLBERG TOMAS HALLÉN KRISTJAN HALLER BENGT HALLSTRÖM BENGT HALSE YLVA HAMBRAEUS BJÖRLING GUNNAR HAMBRAEUS EVA HAMILTON KARL-OLOF HAMMARKVIST ANDERS HAMSTEN HANS HANSON INGEMAR HANSSON SVEN OVE HANSSON VEIKKO HARA MILTON HARRIS GÖRAN HARRYSSON DESMOND HARTFORD NILS HARTLER MARIS HARTMANIS HYOE HATAKEYAMA BO HEDBERG TORBJÖRN HEDBERG ANDERS HEDENSTEDT BO HEDFORS LARS HEIKENSTEN LARS-ÅKE HELGESSON PER HELLMAN MAGNUS HENREKSON JENS HENRIKSSON HANS HENTZELL ANTTI HERLIN GUNILLA HERLITZ ANNE-MARIE HERMANSSON CECILIA HERMANSSON SVEN HERNBERG WOLFGANG A. HERRMANN HANS HERTZ KLAS HESSELMAN KERSTIN HESSIUS OLA HILDINGSSON DAVID HILL MATS HILLERT FOLKE HJALMERS SIGRUN HJELMQUIST THOMAS HJERTBERG SOPHIA HOBER LENNART HOLM BENGT HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMBERG INGALILL HOLMBERG KRISTER HOLMBERG LENNART HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMDAHL JAN HOLMGREN BERTIL HOLMLUND CARIN HOLMQUIST BJARNE HOLMQVIST PETER HOLMSTEDT BENGT HOLMSTROM ALAIN HONNART MIA HORN AF RANTZIEN HANS HORNUNG LARS HULTKRANTZ LARS HULTMAN BENGT HULTQVIST HANS HENRIK HUSS WILLIAM A HUSTRULID BEVIS HUTCHINSON BENGT NIPPE HYLANDER STAFFAN HÅKANSON CARINA HÅKANSSON HÅKAN HÅKANSSON YNGVE HÅLAND BJÖRN HÄGGLUND STURE HÄGGLUND OLLE HÄGGSTRÖM LARS HÖGBERG ERIK HÖGLUND INGEMAR HÖGLUND BERTIL HÖK FREDRIK HÖÖK KRISTINA HÖÖK ANDERS IGEL JAAKKO IHAMUOTILA YUKIO IMANISHI KAZUO INAMORI MARTIN INGVAR LARS IRSTAD ALF ISAKSSON CARL-OLOF JACOBSON ROLAND JACOBSSON ULF JAKOBSSON ARVYDAS JANULAITIS HENRY JARLSSON DAVID JARVIS PETER JENNERGREN ARNE JERNELÖV ÅKE JERNQVIST JAVIER JIMENEZ ESPRIÚ ROLF JOHANNESSON THOMAS JOHANNESSON INGE JOHANSEN ANN LOUISE JOHANSSON BERNT JOHANSSON BÖRJE JOHANSSON CARL-JOHAN JOHANSSON GUNN JOHANSSON GUNNAR L JOHANSSON GÖRAN JOHANSSON HANS E JOHANSSON HASSE JOHANSSON JAN C JOHANSSON JAN-OLOV JOHANSSON JERKER JOHANSSON LEIF JOHANSSON OLLE JOHANSSON SVENOVE JOHANSSON ULF J JOHANSSON PETER BERGHSEY JOHNSEN PONTUS JOHNSON VIVECA AX:SON JOHNSON FILIP JOHNSSON TOM JOHNSTONE LARS JONUNG HENRIK JORDAHL LARS G JOSEFSSON LEIF JOSEFSSON STAFFAN JOSEPHSON FRANÇOIS JUILLET CLAES-ROBERT JULANDER TAPANI JÄRVINEN GUNILLA JÖNSON PÄR JÖNSSON ANNA KADEFORS ARNE KAIJSER MARTTI M KAILA VAHID KALHORI TERJE KALLAND PER KALLSTENIUS MATTI KANKAANPÄÄ CHARLES KAO JAN-ÅKE KARK NILS KARLSON ARNE KARLSSON CHRISTER KARLSSON LENNART KARLSSON JOHAN KARLSTRÖM URBAN KARLSTRÖM BENGT KASEMO KOJI KATO LÁSZLÓ KEVICZKY MARIA KHORSAND TOR KIHLMAN JARI KINARET MERVYN KING ANDERS KINNANDER KOUTA KINOSHITA TÖIVE KIVIKAS LENA KLASÉN PEDER KLEPPE GERT KNUTSSON KIAT KOH JUAN ERIK KOLLBERG DANICA KRAGIC JENSFELT GERHARD KREYSA TORBJÖRN KRONANDER WOLFGANG KROPP HERMANN KRÄMER UDAY KUMAR JUHANI KUUSI MIRJA KVAAVIK BARTLEY LARS KYLBERG TOMAS KÅBERGER PER KÅGESON BO KÅGSTRÖM ERLAND KÄLLÉN BO KÄLLSTRAND PIERRE LAFFITTE FREDRIK LAGERGREN SVEN TORBJÖRN LAGERWALL RUNE LAGNEBORG CHRISTINA LAMPE-ÖNNERUD JOHAN LANDFORS HÅKAN LANS »The Academy’s mission is to promote the engineering and economic sciences and the development of industry for the benefit of society« IVA’s statutes, §1

CONTENTS

IVA in brief...... 4 Sustainability...... 8 Digitalisation...... 20 Entrepreneurship and Enterprise...... 34 Urbanisation...... 48 Knowledge...... 60 Annual Meeting...... 74 IVA Documentation 2016...... 81

The cover photo is of Upsalite® from Disruptive Materials AB. IVAHighlights I KORTHET in IVA’s soon-to-be one hundred year history

CONTRACT RESEARCH RESEARCH POLICY 1923–1947 IN OWN LABORATORIES 1942–1968 AND INDEPENDENCE In the interwar years IVA is the most important driving TFR, a research council, was created in 1942. This was force for the creation of industry research institutes. followed by a series of other government research-funding Contract research is carried out in a growing number bodies. These councils would play an important role in the of laboratories, most of them in the building on Grev post-war efforts and early initiatives in new research fields. Turegatan. It is increasingly difficult to separate basic from IVA plays an active role in research policy by taking part in applied research. Within the Academy there are lively discussions and contributing to government studies through discussions on what the research could lead to in terms of its close connection to TFR. There is also an internal patents and commercial opportunities. After World War II discussion on the importance of IVA’s independence. In the institutes and laboratories are hived off. 1968 TFR becomes part of Styrelsen för Teknisk Utveckling.

Div. I: Mechanical Engineering Div. II: Electrical Engineering Swedish Div. III: Building and Construction Centre for The Industrial Council is Div. IV: Chemical Engineering Div. VIII: Terminology Div. V: Mining and Materials Forest formed and its members are the Div. VI: Management Technology 35 largest industrial companies. Div. VII: Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Changes name to the Business Executives Council 1995. Corrosion research IVA stove cuts wood institute Electric consumption in half. heating Charcoal Manufacturing rights are Institute research production licenced to the country’s for Surface institute laboratory ten largest stove Research station Chemistry manufacturers. connected to KTH.

1919 • • • • • • • • • 1930 • • • • • • • • • 1940 • • • • • • • • • 1950 • • • • • • • • • 1960 • • • • • • • • • 1970 • • • • • • • • • 1980 • • • • • • • • • 1990 • • • • • • • • • 2000 • • • • • • • • • 2010 • • • • • • • • • 2020

Axel F. Enström Swedish Edy Velander Sven Brohult President 1919–1940 Welding President 1941–1959 The first inter­national office President 1960–1970 MSc Engineering and Commission MSc Engineering is opened in New York. Associate Professor Licenciate

Div. X: Biotechnology Div. XI: Education and Swedish National Research IVA magazine Museum of Science and Magazine for Technology, founded The Sjögren Library the Academy of Div. IX: containing more by Torsten Althin, moves Economics ­Engineering Sciences from IVA’s loft to its current than 10,000 books is and its laboratories. donated to IVA. location in Stockholm’s Gärdet district.

DOMESTIC FUEL RESEARCH STATION 1937–1947 RESEARCH 1944–1968 ATTACHED TO THE KTH With the increased threat of war at the end of the 1930s the In 1941 IVA receives government funding to build a research Government becomes more interested in domestic fuel, i.e. station attached to the Royal Institute of Technology wood gas for vehicles, lubricating oil and carburettor spirit (KTH). The purpose is to provide small research teams based on peat and wood. In 1938 IVA is tasked with quickly with the same resources and services as at a large research coming up with a plan for the use of charcoal and woodchips. institute. In 1949 the station is expanded with the addition The same year an oil shale committee is formed to explore of more buildings. Over the years the buildings house the potential for a Swedish oil industry. IVA’s laboratories around 40 institutes. In 1949 civil atomic research moves work at high pressure during the preparation years. After in and the first reactor, R1, is built here. In 1968 STU is the end of the war the laboratories were gradually closed. formed and takes over the research station.

4 Highlights in IVA’s soon-to-be one hundred year history IVA I KORTHET

FROM TECHNOLOGY CRISIS FOR ENGINEERING 1945–1978 SCOUTS TO ATTACHÉS 1984–1993 EDUCATION At the end of the war IVA posts a contact person in In the 1960s and 1970s higher education is expanded New York. Activities are expanded, with offices opening significantly. Cities like Linköping, Luleå and Lund get in Moscow, Tokyo and Paris. During the first years, IVA engineering degree programmes and new courses are representatives attend conferences and send home original created. Despite a strong increase in admission the number materials. In the 1960s a reporting system is developed and of people graduating does not increase. Criticism grows and attaché days are arranged. In the 1970s offices are opened an intense discussion begins in the mid-1980s on the quality in Belgium, the UK, West Germany and Austria. In 1978 of education. A shortage of engineers becomes a reality. these operations are separated from the Academy and in During these years IVA forms four committees to study the 1980 a foundation for Swedish technical attachés, is formed. future of engineering education.

Sweden Vetenskap & Japan The Wallenberg Allmänhet (Public Foundation Auditorium turns Report warns & Science), with a Premiere in Almedalen Jobbsprånget IVA into a major that Sweden is mission to increase meetingplace. falling behind in IT. the dialogue between scientists and the public, is hived off. Student IVA North Council IVA West IVA South

1919 • • • • • • • • • 1930 • • • • • • • • • 1940 • • • • • • • • • 1950 • • • • • • • • • 1960 • • • • • • • • • 1970 • • • • • • • • • 1980 • • • • • • • • • 1990 • • • • • • • • • 2000 • • • • • • • • • 2010 • • • • • • • • • 2020

Gunnar Hans G. Forsberg Kurt Östlund Enrico Lena Björn O. Tuula Teeri Hambraeus President 1983–1994 President Deiaco Treschow Nilsson President 2017– President MSc Engineering 1995–2000 Acting Torell President Professor 1971–1982 and MSc Business & Professor President President 2008–2017 MSc Engineering Economics 1999–2001 2001–2008 Associate Innovation for Growth Div. XII: MSc Professor Professor Information Technology IFG is a nursery The first Royal Tekniksprånget for young industrial Technology Elkraftringen researchers. Mission travels The Connect coordinates initiatives in to the US west entrepreneurial the energy industry. It coast. network is born after is reformed under the a trip to the USA. name Power Circle and is hived off.

IMPORTANT PROJECTS SPOTLIGHT ON COMPANIES 1977–1979 SHOW THE WAY 1997– AND INNOVATION In the early 1970s oil crises and increased international The Ljusåret (Lightyear) project is the starting shot for competition negatively affect the Swedish economy. a focus on renewal and improving growth in Swedish An integrated approach is needed to support Sweden’s industry. The emphasis is on making use of new ideas and industrial development and competitiveness. IVA is assigned innovations. But the goals are not just economic ones. by the Government to conduct a study. Great emphasis is The Ljusåret project activities are in the form of various placed on international comparisons and when the report nationwide challenges. It is followed by numerous other entitled Knowledge and Competitiveness is presented in projects in the 2000s and 2010s to impact policy and 1979, it attracts a lot of attention. It is the biggest project society in areas such as energy, transportation, innovation, the Academy has ever undertaken. working environment, urbanisation and economics.

5 6 PRESIDENT’S COMMENTS

Sights set on a hundred more years serving society

t is impossible to predict whether the say the least. Eight out of ten interns go on knowledge from a business perspective. The 2020s will be anything like the optimistic, to further education. Half of them are girls. project identified various types of resource Iroaring twenties which ended with the This internship model has also been applied in waste in a number of sectors. The circular Great Depression. But the unexpected will cer­ another project – Jobbsprånget. It gives engi­ economy was explored under the leadership of tainly happen after IVA, in three years’ time, neers and other graduates with a degree in project chairman Anders Narvinger. enters its second century. Being well prepared science or economics who have recently come Our ongoing important project, Innovation is essential if the Academy is going to conti­ to Sweden an opportunity to quickly have an in the Forest industry, chaired by Olof Persson, nue to play the important role we have always entry point into the Swedish job market. Both and Good Cities of the Future with Gabriel played in addressing the great challenges facing programmes represent initiatives we want to Urwitz in charge, have already succeeded in society. develop much further. drawing attention to important issues for the This means that we need to continue to use Having more engineers alone will not make future. our strength as an independent arena for meet­ Sweden more successful in the future. We ings between academia, business & industry also need long-term programmes to stimulate Essentially, 2016 was an outstanding and political decision-makers. Swedish entrepreneurship. Prince Daniel’s and highly successful year for IVA, not least IVA must, of course, be an independent Fellow­ship and Entrepreneurship Programme in terms of the Business Executives Coun­ player with the resources to quickly launch is one of the Academy’s initiatives to change cil’s exciting breakfast meetings run by Eva studies and implement projects to explore attitudes towards entrepreneurship. ­Hamilton, the Council’s Chairman. ­various issues – especially controversial ones – The commitment and top quality efforts in important social areas. Unconditional fund­ IVA’s projects create new knowledge, we have witnessed during the year from IVA ing is essential for IVA to be able to contribute produce policy proposals, and thus impact members, Business Executives Council mem­ in the two areas where we are already well- develop­ment. We have been doing this for bers and those working at the Office of the positioned: knowledge and entrepreneurship. almost a century now. 2016 was no excep­ Academy and the Conference Centre are wor­ tion. The project Research Outlook of which thy of high praise. 2017 will be my last year as In 2019 when the Academy celebrates its first ­Gunnar Svedberg was chairman, made a strong President of this fantastic organisation. I feel century serving society, the focus will be on impression on the Research Bill, and Electric­ grateful and proud of all that we have achieved knowledge and entrepreneurship. ity Crossroads, with Bo Normark at the helm, together. Your dedication and contributions Sweden’s knowledge level must be outstand­ explored everything that can be measured in will continue to determine IVA’s future role, ing and world-class. Through projects and watts. The Energy Agreement between the initiatives and successes. ­other initiatives, IVA will help Sweden develop Government and the opposition parties as well as a knowledge nation. as the Energy Commission’s report include The Tekniksprånget internship program­ clear and direct imprints from the project. me, of which Jan-Eric Sundgren is Chairman, is Attractiveness for Sustainable Develop­ one example of how IVA is impacting the level ment, with Carl Bennet as chairman, was a of knowledge and education in the country. project that emphasised changing attitudes. Through this substantial initiative, young up­ Among other things, this project highlighted per secondary school graduates have an oppor­ the importance of innovative environments. tunity of an internship at workplaces through­ Resource Efficient Business Models Greater– ­ Björn O. Nilsson, out the country. The results are gratifying to Competitiveness created new important President of IVA

7 SUSTAINABILITY

The focus for sustainability is a long-term and holistic approach. The environment, the economy and social conditions are interdependent and must been seen in one context. All of IVA’s projects are linked to some aspect of sustainability. Some of them address central themes in today’s sustainability discussion, such as energy, resource efficiency and the use of natural resources.

8 8–9 SUSTAINABILITY Transboundary sustainability – the path to global prosperity

»UN declarations he world has decided. By 2030 all devel­ Rio conference, the UN should pursue the opment must be economically, socially Latin American comprehensive approach. change behaviours. Tand environmentally sustainable. In “It was quite difficult. The UN leadership September 2015 all of the UN member nations accepted the proposal and Minister for Inter­ The wording in the voted “Yes” on 17 global Sustainable Develop­ national Development Gunilla Carlsson bore declarations trickles ment goals (SDGs). These have now replaced a heavy burden after that. A small group of the earlier Millennium Development Goals. countries drove the development of what sev­ down to nations, The new goals are more comprehensive and eral years later would become the 17 Sustain­ take a holistic approach to the environment able Development Goals.” local authorities and and sustainability. Lena Ek recognises the opportunities they businesses.« But the road to the unanimous General As­ provide. They are transboundary goals and sembly decision was a long one, with Sweden could be more effective and build on the success as one of the countries driving the process for­ of the earlier Millennium Development Goals. ward. Lena Ek, former Minister for the Envi­ “UN declarations change behaviours. The ronment, played an active role. wording in the declarations trickles down to “Sweden has always been out front in this nations, local authorities and businesses. They area. The UN’s very first environmental con­ influence the strategies of the World Bank, ference was held in Stockholm in 1972,” she says. the International Monetary Fund and other ABOUT LENA EK Before the third conference on sustainable organisations. But it’s like turning an ocean Lena Ek has a law degree with a focus on public development took place in Rio de Janeiro in liner around. Baby steps are important in UN law from Lund University. 2012, a preparatory meeting was held in Stock­ politics.” holm. Around 60 countries took part. Lena Ek maintains, for example, that all She has been a member of the Swedish Riksdag (Centre Party) and a Member of the European “A group of Latin American countries sug­ Swedes were affected by the decisions from the Parliament. In the latter role she was a driving gested that the Millennium Development Goals first conference in Rio in 1992 which resulted force in the EU’s chemicals legislation and in the should be replaced by more comprehensive ones. in Agenda 21 and the principle of the polluter drafting of the emissions trading rules. But most of the delegates were against that.” paying the price. In 2011–2014 she was Sweden’s Minister for After a concluding banquet, 30 or so minis­ “Recycling of newspapers, batteries and the Environment. ters got together for a discussion. similar items was the result of that meeting.” Lena has an honorary doctorate from the “As individuals, without the support of our Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University. respective governments, we agreed with the The power to impact development in envi­ She has served as Chairman of Södra since 2015 Latin American countries.” ronmental, climate and sustainability issues is, and is a member of IVA Division VIII Forest The result was that a group of ministers of course, not only in the hands of the UN and Technology. authored a document stating that, during the governments.

10 11 “Consumer pressure means a lot. One ex­ have a stand-by function with a turn-off fea­ Perhaps she misses taking part in the political ample is chlorine-bleached paper, which disap­ ture activated after an hour or two. debate? peared in the 1980s even though the industry The value of what a few decades ago was “Both yes and no. Obviously, sometimes I said it was impossible.” seen as waste and was therefore the responsi­ want to be involved. But not being part of the Sometimes legislators lead the way; some­ bility of local authorities to take care of should system gives me a certain amount of freedom. times businesses take the lead in environmen­ be reviewed. It’s not easy being a top-level politician,” she tal and sustainability issues. Initiatives by retail chains to collect dis­ says, while also explaining that she is quite “In some countries businesses and industries carded clothing are positive from a sustain­ satis­fied with what she achieved during her are at the forefront. But in countries like Brazil, ability and environmental perspective. But it time as a minister. India and China government regulations still is actually illegal because, by definition, the The bill “På väg mot en giftfri vardag” (Path have the biggest impact. Big changes are on the clothing is considered waste. to a non-toxic everyday life) presented in 2013 way in China with new sustainable in­ was one of the initiatives she is proud of. dustries emerging there.” “Ten years ago people thought that pro­ The pressure from the people in »Ten years ago people tecting the environmental was inconsist­ China is also increasing on environ­ thought that protecting ent with jobs and growth. These days we mental issues. know that they are in no way in conflict. “When Chinese families realise the environmental was I think I contributed to this change in that the environment is threatening attitude. Achieving a good environment the health of their only child, they put inconsistent with jobs and doesn’t mean we have to put on a hair pressure on both the markets and the growth. These days we know shirt.” politicians.” As Minister for the Environment, Lena But despite the fact that develop­ that they are in no way Ek was one of the initiators of the Climate ment is heading in the right direction & Clean Air Coalition, CCAC. The gov­ globally, there is still a lot of work to in conflict.« ernments of Sweden, Bangladesh Canada, do – both large and small efforts by Ghana, Mexico, USA, and the UN formed governments, businesses and individuals are “Today’s regulation is crazy. But when it the organisation. CCAC is a global partnership needed. Lena Ek is keen to present successful came about no one saw the value in worn out in which governments are working with civil examples. garments. Now it would be a good thing to society and industry to eliminate short-lived, “The ban on incandescent lightbulbs is re­ intro­duce producer responsibility for textiles as but climate destructive air pollution. ducing electricity use in the EU by almost 40 well. Views on what defines waste are changing “These days around 60 countries are part billion kWh a year. Clear labelling on energy because we are learning more about what can be of the organisation. They can only take part use on refrigerators is another good initiative. recycled. Soon even LKAB’s slag heaps, which if they are implementing active and concrete This type of smart and easily accessible infor­ contain rare earth metals, will be put to use.” measures to solve a problem. Russia is one of mation changes behaviour in the market.” the member nations. They want to stop the Standardisation is one way of achieving There are certainly a lot of things in enormous gas leakage in their pipelines.” sustainability. It should be possible for mobile both Sweden’s and Europe’s sustainability Lena Ek was also involved in launching the phone chargers and other electronic devices initiatives that the former Minister for the New Climate Economy, of which Mexico’s for­ to have a common standard. And TVs should Environment and MEP would like to change. mer President Felipe Calderón is Chairman.

12 SUSTAINABILITY

The aim of this initiative is to study how coun­ from wood is one element of this. But Lena Ek Innovations that involve the forest as raw tries can achieve economic growth while also believes that the pace of this could be signifi­ material are an excellent opportunity to re­ managing the risks associated with climate cantly higher in Sweden. place fossil sources. change. Participants include former prime And the majority of global production of “We have only just started discovering which ministers, finance ministers and top figures textiles is still either oil-based or dependent substances can come from boiling fibres.” from the spheres of finance and industry. on environmentally unfriendly cultivation of Lena Ek maintains that research is hugely “It’s important to show that it’s possible to cotton. significant. Both social and scientific research combine environmental policies with sustain­ “The oil-based textiles’ microplastics are are laying the foundation for a sustainable able growth. Of course, I wasn’t working on released when garments are laundered. Over world. this on my own. My colleagues in the Ministry time this issue will be just as serious as the cli­ “I’ve always been interested in research and and my staff did excellent work.” mate issue.” I’m a real technology optimist.” Textiles made from forest raw materials are And as Chairman of the European research These days Lena Ek is active in what many an alternative that the company Södra Cell collaboration, Forest-based Sector Technology Swedes consider to be the most sustainable and is investing in. Deciduous trees are the basis Platform, which is aiming to make the whole climate-smart sector – the forest industry. As of the company’s pulp which is made into the forest sector more competitive, she can have Chairman of Södra she has plenty of insights textiles viscose or lyocell. an impact herself. and opinions on how to optimise the way the “The forest is helping to improve health She can also do this through her govern­ forest is used for climate-sound and sustain­ around the world too. Paper pulp is used to ment appointment as Coordinator for the able development. make many different types of hygiene products.” ­European Spallation Source (ESS) which is “If Swedish forestry methods were used by The potential of the forest to become en­ under construction in Lund. half of the global forestry sector, a substantial ergy is also an important aspect of becoming a “ESS is a gateway into the future. New mate­ part of the climate problem would be elimi­ sustainable society. rials will be developed there. All companies who nated.” “All of Södra’s mills are fossil-free. We pro­ want to keep up need to make sure they sign It is not enough to allow the European duce energy from things that 15 years ago were up. There will be monumental breakthroughs Commission to decide how fibres from the for­ a waste problem. Annually a total of 19 TWh in materials and material management there. I est should be used. According to the EU’s cas­ is produced. That is more than the mills need, really hope that the forest industry will also see cade principle, wood should first be made into so 6 TWh is sold.” the potential of this major initiative,” says Lena sawn wood products, then used, then recycled, Biofuels are naturally also a sensible alterna­ Ek, whose leadership style can be described as before finally becoming bioenergy. This system tive to oil-based solutions. “management by grandma” – be reliable, fair is an obstacle to the development of new bio- “Future road transportation will no doubt and treat people with respect and, not least, based materials and products. use a combination of electricity and biodiesel.” make sure your shoes are always polished. “The principle is based on how things worked back in the 1970s and it threatens the develop­ ment of a fossil-free society.” Unfortunately, the way in which the forest’s MEETINGS: SUSTAINABILITY ability to significantly impact the transition to a bioeonomy is viewed varies from country to country. In some areas of Brazil illegal exhaus­ 25 January in Stockholm 13 April in Stockholm tion of forest resources is taking place. And in Hydropower and biodiversity Steering towards greater resource some European countries forestry is almost IVA project Electricity Crossroads efficiency synonymous with resource exhaustion. IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models 8 February in Stockholm – strong competitiveness “In Sweden there is a law requiring felling to The road to sustainable fuels be followed by replanting. But this is not the of the future 19 April in Stockholm case in other parts of the world where the soil IVA Division IV Chemical Engineering Electricity in the future is eroded when trees are cut down rendering – Effect on the climate the land unusable.” 23 February in Stockholm and environment New bio-based materials, IVA project Electricity products and services Crossroads The forest should be used in a smart way IVA Division VIII Forest Technology to do the most good in the fight against cli­ in cooperation with BioInnovation mate change. Constructing high-rise buildings

13 SUSTAINABILITY

The forest still key to growth

I’ve also gained entirely new insights on the great potential of wooden building construction – especially multi-dwelling buildings. Here Sweden has a huge opportunity ” to play a role in a future sustainable supply of housing. Olof Persson

he forest in Sweden has been the key key role the forest is playing in an emerging before been exposed to such intense interna­ to Sweden’s development as an indus­ bio-based society,” says Olof Persson, Chair­ tional competition. And there are no indica­ Ttry national for the past 180 years. It man of the project’s Steering Committee. tions that it will diminish. has accounted and still accounts for a large The involvement of a broad range of fig­ “It’s been exciting to be able to highlight portion of Sweden’s export value. The for­ ures from industry, academia and politics is some of the challenges facing the forest indus­ est has also been important to the finances essential for all of IVA’s projects. Innovation try. One example is the need to have a more of agri­cultural companies throughout the in the Forest Industry has involved around 40 customer-oriented perspective. Many of us country, regardless of their size. individuals who have worked in three work have seen that this has not always been an ob­ “The fact that the Swedish forest is an groups focusing on value chains, research and vious area of focus in the industry. The pro­ important resource for Sweden is some­ energy with an emphasis on fuel. ject has played an important role here because thing that I, along with all those working in “The project is now presenting a number we have given participants an opportunity to ­Swedish industry, have been highly aware of. of concrete proposals. The three work groups look beyond the everyday considerations of But while working on the IVA project Inno­ played a crucial role in producing them.” their own companies.” vation in the Forest Industry, I’ve realised the The Swedish forest industry has never Many players are focusing on issues relat­

14 SUSTAINABILITY

ABOUT INNOVATION IN THE FOREST INDUSTRY

The purpose of the project has been to identify how Sweden’s forest industry, by taking an increasingly large role in a transition to a bio-based economy, can reinforce the sector’s world-leading position. The project’s work groups were tasked with answering questions in three areas: • How can the forest industry best develop its current value chains and help to create new ones? • How can the industry, funders and researchers work together to promote a higher level of innovation and potential products of the future? • How can forest raw materials make a greater contribution to the energy system and to the built environment? The project’s goal has been to urge academic, industrial and political players to move towards a renewed and strengthened commitment to forest-based products. Chairman of the Steering Committee: Olof Persson. Olof Persson, Chairman of the Steering Committee Project timeframe: 2015–2017. ing to the forest industry. The question is: “I think in a way this was an advantage What can IVA bring to the table? because I was able to contribute an outside “Perhaps the most important strength perspective and bring experiences from indus­ that IVA has is independence. Because of this, try companies such as ABB and Volvo. But decision-makers from industry, the public sec­ I’ve also learnt a lot. What has struck me the tor, academia and politics feel that their par­ most is perhaps the enormous potential of ticipation is meaningful and will give them an cellulose fibre in a number of contexts. I’ve opportunity to help drive an important issue also gained entirely new insights on the great forward. This has been extremely relevant in potential of wooden building construction this project.” – especially multi-dwelling buildings. Here Although Olof Persson received his busi­ Sweden has a huge opportunity to play a role ness degree in the forest province of Värm­ in a future sustainable supply of housing,” land, he hasn’t actually worked in the indus­ says Olof Persson. try. Project Manager Mats Johnson

15 ­Andreas Regnell

Four alternatives for a fossil-free future

lectricity production in Sweden can be wind, more bioenergy, new nuclear power and would require all district heating facilities to fossil-free in the future too. But there’s more hydropower. The sum of the gross po­ produce electricity as well as heat.” Eno rush to build new plants. tential of the four alternatives involves an in­ New technology and an increase in the use These are among the conclusions of the IVA crease in today’s production capacity of more of forest raw materials are needed if this alter­ project Electricity Crossroads which recently than 100 percent. Among the actions needed native is to be implemented. And more people presented four alternative electricity systems to fully utilize this potential are an expansion installing heat pumps to replace district heat­ for 2030–2050. in the last untouched rivers and fitting all suit­ ing will put a strain on the electricity supply. “Few countries have as many options as able roofs on buildings with solar cells. New nuclear power is technically possible, Sweden in terms of future electricity produc­ But these are not requirements in the sce­ but it is an expensive and long-term alternative. tion,” said Andreas Regnell, head of strategic narios. A substantial increase in the amount Hydropower is the most flexible energy development at Vattenfall, at an IVA seminar. of electricity from solar and wind in the mix source and it can also be stored. To optimise He is one of the experts who have developed of the future production systems will either the use of hydropower the Riksdag would have the electricity scenarios. provide too much or too little electricity. to change the laws protecting untouched riv­ Since Sweden’s electricity production has “The amount of power will not quite be ers. But with new technology, the existing very limited climate impact, there is no rush sufficient. We will therefore be dependent on plants could be expanded to produce more to make a conversion to other production sys­ imports and exports.” electricity in the regulated waterways that are tems. Also, if conversion happens too quickly, Significant investments in grids and the already in use. it could be unnecessarily expensive and result ability to import and export are therefore The production costs in all four basic alterna­ in lock-in effects. essen­tial, as are facilities that produce electric­ tives are about the same, 0.4–0.5 SEK per kWh. The project report describes four fossil-free ity when the wind is not blowing. The Project Managers for Electricity Cross­ alternatives for 2030–2050: more solar and “Bioenergy could also be expanded, but this roads are Jan Nordling and Karin Byman.

16 SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability requires new business models

nnovative companies that have discovered tunity for a new approach to urban planning,” new life. Unfortunately it is more expensive the benefits of resource efficiency are lead­ he said. to repaint a used door that to install a new Iing the way to a sustainable society. In concrete terms, the car pool concept one. Caroline Ankarkrona is project manager for means that contractors and city planners need Packaging is also a factor in unnecessary the IVA project Resource Efficient Business to build fewer places for parking at the same material consumption. Åsa Domeij of Axfood Models in which 45 companies participated. time as residents still have access to a car when therefore believes that the system of cash back Some of them presented their models for re­ they want one. on recycled items should be expanded to in­ ducing resource use at an IVA seminar. Anna Denell of property company Vasa­ clude more than beverage cans and bottles. “We found that there’s a large amount kronan pointed out that most offices stand “Many more types of food packaging could of waste in all of the flows we studied,” said empty many of the hours in a year. At the be included in the system. Another issue is that ­Caroline Ankarcrona, adding that she would same time, modern technology allows em­ there are no requirements for packaging qual­ like to see cooperation between the different ployees to work from anywhere. This is ity. That’s why plastic recycling is not very effi­ industries to minimise waste. prompting more and more companies to look cient,” she said. Sunfleet is a car rental company that is com­ for smaller premises. Products made from wood bind carbon. mitted to the community. Peter Algurén is the “We are helping our customers to do this. That’s good for the climate. Per Lyrvall of company’s CEO. He sees the major advantages And the empty office space can often be con­ Stora Enso stressed the fact that the forest in­ that car pools offer. verted into homes,” she said. dustries are largely fossil-free. “One of our cars replaces two or three indi­ There are also large quantities of used “And these days we can even make implants vidually owned ones. Car pools offer an oppor­ construction materials that could be given from biomass,” he said.

More courage needed to solve the housing crisis

ore housing is needed. And it’s need­ “One priority is ensuring that the same ed in cities. Urbanisation is a global rules apply to all municipalities.” Mtrend. But a lot needs to change in Tomas Billing would also like to see greater order for attractive urban environments to be political courage in order for 700,000 homes move-in ready quickly. to be ready by 2025, which is the housing need One problem is the time it takes from draw­ estimated by the Swedish National Board of ing board to move-in. Housing, Building and Planning (Boverket). “In Sweden it takes 6–8 years. In Germany “To make this happen we need party-neutral 1.5 years,” said Tomas Billing, Chairman of agreements,” he said. NCC, when the IVA project Good Cities of This is not impossible, according to the for­ the Future was launched. mer Minister for Housing, Urban Development The possibility that exists to appeal a con­ and Information Technology, Mehmet Kaplan. struction decision is one reason for this. An­ “We can discuss everything with the other other is that the rules vary from municipality parties, but we cannot agree to change the Tomas Billing and Anna Granath Hansson to municipality. rules regarding availability,” he said.

17 18 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

A taste of Gotland

oving Floor, a company located in the outskirts of Visby, which Mis based on an innovation by farmer Per Lindvall to keep barns clean, was visited in October by a delegation from IVA. Both of his daughters, Katja and Peg Lind­ vall, have taken over and are now further de­ veloping the technology and the company. The Gotland trip was inspired by a report by IVA member Peter Larsson called Håll- bara Gotland (Sustainable Gotland), which was submitted to the Government in June. The two-day trip centred around meetings with entrepreneurs at small enterprises as well as larger and more established compa­ nies. A visit to Uppsala University’s Campus Gotland was the first stop on the field trip. Among the points of interest was a presen­ tation of Sweden’s largest tourism research programme which is studying how to get more cruise ships to visit Gotland while also improving sustainability. The local brewery Picket and Swedish Composite were among the companies visited by the delegation. At Gotland Grönt Centrum there were pres­ entations of self-cleaning floors for animals.

ABOUT IVA’S ROYAL TECHNOLOGY TOUR

This was the fifth Royal Technology Tour, which studies industry and research in different parts of Sweden. This time the destination was Gotland. Past missions have visited Dalarna- Västmanland, Umeå, Borås-Gothenburg, Småland and Kiruna-Luleå. The Royal Technology Tour involves two days of field trips and seminars. Joining H.M. the King are individuals from the private and public sectors and from academia. The delegation was led by IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson. The Project Manager was Ingrid Jansson.

19 19 DIGITALISATION

Digitalisation is creating new opportunities for production and business. Relationships between companies and their customers are lasting longer now that products can be updated or upgraded multiple times over their lifetime. Digitalisation is affecting everyone. We therefore need answers to new questions about integrity, information security and vulnerability.

20 20–2121 22 DIGITALISATION The impossible will be possible in a digital future

omputers of all types are becoming existence. That’s not what Lars Stugemo be­ »Digitalisation smaller, faster and more powerful. lieves. CCombine this with connection, power “Swish is an excellent example of their crea­ is a hyped in- supply, internet and software, and the condi­ tivity. Swish was developed by big banks. Being tions for digitalisation are all in place. This is able to make small payments directly to private word. It really increasing competitiveness in various ways for individuals and companies with the help of an means technology everyone. Digitalisation is creating great op­ app on a phone was something that immedi­ portunities, but it can also be experienced as a ately met a real need.” development and threat against that which already exists. Now, a few years after it was launched, the Lars Stugemo, President and CEO of IT and service, which has an IT solution for mobile the possibilities it management consulting firm HiQ , places this phones developed by HiQ , has just over 5 mil­ offers. That’s it.« new situation in a larger context at the same lion users. time as he plays down the concept of digitali­ “If people don’t want to use a service it will sation. He explains using fast pen strokes on a not be a success.” whiteboard: “Digitalisation is a hyped in-word. It really According to Lars Stugemo, from a pure­ means technology development and the possi­ ly technical point of view, it would be possible bilities it offers. That’s it. The big thing is that to replace banks with smart algorithms and it’s breaking through everywhere,” he says. clouds; in other words, large data centres. Three or four years ago people started talk­ “Banks are necessary, because who are we ing seriously about new companies that were going to trust when doing business, borrow­ ABOUT LARS STUGEMO digitalised, such as Spotify, Uber and Net­ ing or investing money. It’s a question of brand flix. They said that new digitalised companies trust. But the banks will certainly need to Lars Stugemo is co-founder and, since 2000, President and CEO of HiQ. He has a Master’s would out-compete the old ones. open their databases and be more transparent.” degree in electrotechnology from the Royal “But there is no difference between new For all businesses – regardless of the indus­ Institute of Technology (KTH). companies and the old, traditional, successful try they are in – digitalisation means making In his spare time Lars is an elite rally driver. He technology companies. They are highly effi­ changes. Perhaps the key aspect is where they also plays the guitar, preferably in the company cient and they measure and check everything. are in the value chain. Are they manufacturing of others, e.g. HiQ’s own house band. The new, successful companies also age and industrial pallets or selling complex logistics He is a member of IVA and Vice Chairman of inherit the same types of things as older ones.” services? Division VI Management. Lars Stugemo is a The big banks are among the institutions “It is becoming increasingly common for member of the Business Executives Council’s that some people believe will fade into non- companies to sell functionality to meet cus­ Executive Body.

23 DIGITALISATION

tomer needs. Technology is making it easier so gain new knowledge. There are people who are since 2000, is developing products at the in­ that no special training is needed to do things self-taught in the IT industry too.” tersection of technology, people and business. that in the past would have required special­ The digitalised world has many advantages, HiQ’s customers include industrial corpora­ ist expertise. And that, of course, means that but it has some disadvantages as well. The line tions in Sweden, municipalities, care providers, some jobs are disappearing.” between work life and private life can, to put it artists, Channel 4 in the UK and Kenya’s endan­ mildly, be a bit diffuse because “always available” gered black rhinoceroses. The latter is through But change is not a bad thing. Occupations is a consequence of digital possibilities. This is an assignment for Linköping University. have always disappeared and new jobs have why, at the beginning of 2017, France intro­ taken their place. In the digitalised world there duced a law prohibiting work emails after work According to Lars Stugemo, Sweden is are no exceptions. Even if we will certainly still hours. In Germany BMW and several other strong in the digital world. have doctors in 25 years’ time, they will, at least large companies are simply shutting down their “Sweden is very good at technology. The to some extent, be able to do research instead email servers at the end of the work day. Lars private and public sector jointly laid stable of writing out prescriptions. Actors are being Stugemo doesn’t think this is a good idea. foundations a long time ago. Partnerships be­ affected as well: “Aging and death are no longer “They’re trying to freeze time. And as a re­ tween Televerket and Ericsson and between big obstacles to a successful Hollywood career. sult a lot of people are choosing to work for Vattenfall and Asea Atom have created a solid With the help of digital technology filmmak­ other companies. But clearly work and leisure knowledge base.” ers can bring dead film stars back to life and time should be kept separate.” We also have a good understanding of the make everything old new again.” Quote from ramifications of internationalisation in export- DN newspaper 13 January this year. These days advanced IT devices fit into dependent Sweden. “Education and knowledge are therefore people’s pockets or handbags. We are using “There are risks with this too. In 2008 the more important. We should at least have some our smart phones to handle more and more majority of mobile phones were developed in courses in IT and technology, otherwise we everyday tasks. Mobile phones are taking over the Nordic region. Now Apple, Google and, to will not be able to keep up. Why not have pro­ much of the things we needed a PC or Mac to some extent, Samsung have taken over. gramming on the curriculum instead of textile do in the past. Lars Stugemo sees differences between two crafts?” “From a capacity perspective, phones can of the globally dominant IT companies, Apple The competition for jobs is increasingly in­ replace PCs, but they probably won’t disappear and Microsoft. ternational and the antidote is for people to altogether. Software is like gas. It fills up a void.” “When the first Mac came out it was more get training. HiQ , which has its roots in the 1990s, with fun and easier to use than a PC. It was devel­ “Perhaps it’s not that important how people Lars Stugemo as the co-founder and its CEO oped based on what people want, while Micro­

MEETINGS: DIGITALISATION

13 January in Stockholm 7 September in Lund 3 November in Växjö The EU’s digital internal market Industrie 4.0 – What can Sweden learn? How can we create future digital IVA’s Programme Council for European issues IVA South relationships in the forest? Linnaeus University and IVA 11 April in Malmö 20 September in Stockholm Digitalisation – new WASP – research billions for the 22 November in Stockholm pressure to innovate and digitalisation of industry Digitalisation on shaky ground collaborate IVA Division II Electrical Engineering – Can basic communication handle IVA Business Executives the new requirements? Council and IVA South 11 October in Lund IVA Division XII Information Technology Bluetooth and other short-range 11 May in Stockholm radio technology – What does the 23 November in Stockholm Digitalisation – leadership and future look like? New digital technology – new ways competitiveness IVA South and IVA Division II Electrical of running infrastructure projects IVA Divisions I, VI and XII Engineering IVA Division III Building and Construction

24 soft’s focus was businesses and decision-mak­ “Whether this is a good or bad thing is up people. Lars Stugemo believes that the future ers.” for debate. But it can be dangerous. Technolo­ will be fantastic, despite the fact that no one Regardless of whether you prefer Mac or gy can be used to distort facts. But technology really knows what it will look like. PC, if you work with a phone or “Things that are impossible to­ tablet, one thing is clear: we are all day will certainly be entirely pos­ connected and getting informa­ »Education and knowledge are sible sooner or later,” says Lars Stu­ tion from every possible source. gemo who, apart from being CEO “In the past we had SVT1 and therefore more important. We of HiQ , is also a rally driver and a SVT2 (TV stations), DN and should at least have some courses keen guitarist. The company has Svenska Dagbladet (newspapers). a band and a basement rehearsal And we could assume that their in IT and technology, otherwise space. reporting was quite objective.” So what would he do if he had People who like Facebook get we will not be able to keep up.« to choose between computers and more news of the same type. If music? we hit the “Like” button under He takes his time to think about everything a political party publishes, we will is neutral. It all depends on how it’s used. And his answer: eventually only get information from that di­ in the end it is increasing global transparency.” “Probably music, because without it the rection. Technology not only can but should serve world would come to an end.”

25 DIGITALISATION

Smart industries offer exciting jobs

Sweden’s flat organisations are an advantage. And the big processing industries maintain a very high standard. We now need to apply these structures to make ” all Swedish industries more competitive. Ulf Troedsson

ot long ago the word industry was “We are going to present an award every has made everyone open their eyes to see what’s almost a forgotten one. If it came up year to the company that is making the best important. We need to emphasise attracting Nin any form, it was in the term post- use of digital technology,” says Ulf Troedsson, young people to industry, while also making full industrial. Still, almost 80 percent of Swedish a member of the competition jury. use of the experience of older employees and en­ exports consist of products and one in five jobs It is also important to offer activities in suring they update their skills and knowledge.” are industrial jobs. One fifth of the country’s locations around the county to present good In other words: lifelong learning is in fash­ GDP comes from industrial manufacturing. examples and encourage more companies to ion again. And it is therefore important to “In Sweden no one was talking about the take the next step. make digital improvements desirable for all of importance of production. Now it’s back on “Crossing over boundaries is important. We a company’s employees. the agenda – even at the highest political lev­ can learn from companies in other industries “Perhaps some form of personal digital certif­ els,” says Ulf Troedsson, CEO of Siemens AB. than our own. It’s not only about spreading icate would be a good idea. It’s important to get But Swedish SMEs have fallen behind in lev­ knowledge; it’s equally important to influence people to go from ‘I don’t want to’ to ‘I did it!’” eraging the opportunities that come with digi­ attitudes.” A smart industrial enterprise overhauls talised production. To remedy this, IVA have, Raising awareness about what new ap­ its business model and uses digital solutions with Ulf Troedsson as an important initiator, proaches in industry involve for those applying and other new technology wherever it makes launched a project called Smart Industry. them and what the risks are for those carrying sense. This changes production processes and One of the project’s tasks is to present on as before with blinders on is critical. It is customer offerings. good examples of small enterprises that have not only businesses that are affected, but every Siemens’ investment in increasing manu­ achieved great success in the current industrial individual as well. facturing in Finspång is one example. It is revolution. “In Germany the concept of Industrie 4.0 now possible to manufacture things that were

26 DIGITALISATION

ABOUT SMART INDUSTRY

IVA’s Smart Industry project is drawing attention to and encouraging companies that are using new digital technology. Tech companies also need to be encouraged to take the next step in their development. Regional forums, which enable a large- scale exchange of experiences, are bringing together companies of different sizes and Ulf Troedsson, CEO of Siemens AB from different industries. An important aspect of the project is the award that goes to the industrial enterprise that is making the best use of digital technology. In 2016 not possible to produce before. Production thing like this on its own. Competing compa­ the award went to Emballator Plastic and Innovation which manufactures plastic develop­ment is moving fast, at the same time nies also need to work together to help smaller packaging. Väderstad, which produces as costs are going down. ones advance along the new industrial path. agricultural equipment, received an Partnership is another way for businesses to “It’s important to separate the roles. All honourable mention. be on top. The world’s first electrified public companies want to sell their products. IVA is a Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy road for lorries is a good example. It is located neutral platform where we can work together. and Vice President of IVA is the chairman of outside Gävle and is the result of a partnership IVA can also help to communicate the need the competition jury. between Scania, Siemens, Ernst Express and for working together to strengthen Sweden’s Gävelborg, with financial support from the industrial sector.” Swedish Transport Administration, Vinnova If his hopes are fulfilled, this will create more and the Swedish Energy Agency. Stora Enso jobs and increase exports. And, importantly, it is using its own electrified road to transport will help more young people realise that indus­ goods to the port of Gävle. trial enterprises offer exciting opportunities. “In Germany they’ve calculated the cost of “Sweden’s flat organisations are an ad­ electrifying 600 kilometres of roads. The cost vantage. And the big processing industries is so low that it can be recovered in just a few maintain a very high standard. We now need years.” to apply these structures to make all ­Swedish Ulf Troedsson is glad that IVA is running industries more competitive,” says Ulf the Smart Industry project. It is difficult for a ­Troedsson, who is both happy about and proud big company like Siemens to implement some­ of the project that is now under way. Project Manager Johan Carlstedt

27 Peter Gloor, Michael Schrage and Jacob de Geer

No innovation without customer value

ustomers create an innovation’s fi­ Schrage at a seminar on how to manage inno­ what the company’s vision is worth to its cus­ nancial value. This is according to vation in a fast-changing world. tomers.” CMichael Schrage of the Center for Everyone possesses and uses a mobile phone. Henry Ford’s Model T was an innovation. Digital Business, MIT. Innovation investments This is why, according to Michael Schrage, it So was the production line when it was created therefore need to focus on the way in which is the users that are the financial value of the in 1914. the company wants its customers to develop. devices. “But it was the motorist that was the im­ “In the past we thought about how people And the focus of development should there­ portant innovation; the motorist created the could create more valuable innovations. Now fore be different from what it was traditionally. financial value. we instead consider how innovations can “What do you want the customer to be­ Similarly, it is all the people that google who create more valuable people,” said Michael come? Innovation should start by finding out are the real value of Google.”

The internet of things (IoT) – a big market for Bluetooth

his year Bluetooth will be inside four MC Links, which is what the technology billion devices or machines – phones, was initially called, was presented to several Tlaptops and cars etc. In a few years, computer manufacturers. Interest in a chip when 5G is in place, short-range technology will with a transmitter and a receiver and an an­ be an important component of IoT. tenna that listens for other similar units it can The idea of short-range radio replacing elec­ connect to was not overwhelming. tric cables and plugs was born at Ericsson in But in 1997 Intel took the bait. Head of Lund in 1994. It would, among other things, technology development at Intel, Jim Kardach, render phone headset cords unnecessary and, was enthusiastic about the possibilities of MC of course, enable wireless connection between Links. He was the person who subsequently phones and computers. gave the technology the name Bluetooth. “We realised that computers needed to have “We were sitting in a bar in Toronto. I had radios inside them too to enable wireless con­ given him the Swedish novel The Long Ships nection with a phone,” said Sven Mattisson, one (Swedish title: Röde Orm). Jim was fascinated of the people who invented Bluetooth technol­ by a character in the book called Harald Blue­ Sven Mattisson ogy, at an IVA seminar. tooth and started calling MC Links Bluetooth.

28 DIGITALISATION

Nerdy is a recipe for success

ore and more people are shop­ ping in foreign online stores. MThis is giving companies with a very specific niche a sufficiently large ­mar ket to be profitable. “e-commerce is becoming increasingly global. I just bought my first stroller from Germany,” said Sebastian Siemiatkowski, co-founder and CEO of the fast-growing company Klarna, at a breakfast meeting ar­ ranged by IVA Business Executives Council. The internet and digitalisation are bring­ ing big changes, especially for retailers. “But it’s still the actual offering that’s the important thing.” If the offering is aimed at a target group that is too limited locally, international e- commerce also provides an opportunity to companies with the smallest niche to create a larger customer base. Klarna, which offers all sorts of online shopping payment services, is happy to help with this through its various solutions. Just over 45 million consumers pay for their on­ line purchases via Klarna. “We have been lucky with the timing.” But luck is not the only reason for ­Klarna’s rapid growth. Employing the right people is a big part of it. “Most people probably find payment sys­ tems boring. I happen to think they’re excit­ ing and I’m a real nerd on the subject.” Applicants need to be passionate about financial systems if Klarna is going to be the right employer for them. “Banks will still be here, but will all of them be able to handle the tough changes that will be necessary in the future? The ones that are going to succeed have already realised the importance of the customer’s Sebastian Siemiatkowski experience,” he said.

29 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Stiff-legged humanoid the focus of Japan trip

he destination for the week-long trip with HM the King leading the Tway was Japan. IVA met the future at the Miraikan mu­ seum of science and technology in Tokyo. A robot called Asimo was presented to the delegates on the Royal Technology Mission. The world’s most advanced humanoid may be getting on in years, but Honda has been constantly upgrading Asimo and today the small stiff-legged robot can lift boxes, di­ rect an orchestra and give a lecture to young people on the importance of studying maths. The Swedish delegation was treated to a demonstration of how Asimo can sprint and hop on one leg, and at the end of the exer­cises the robot declared in English: “This is hard work. But robots like me are being developed every day and our dream is to be able to live with you in the future.”

ABOUT THE ROYAL TECHNOLOGY MISSION

The Royal Technology Mission (RTM) is an annual, typically week-long trip where the delegates are Swedish business leaders and representatives from the public sector and Swedish universities. The main purpose of the mission is to forge new contacts to promote an exchange of ideas and business. The first RTM was to the west coast of the USA in 1984. The most recent mission was to Japan and was led by IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson. The first time an RTM delegation visited Japan was in 1990. The Project Manager for the 2016 mission was Elin Vinger Elliot.

30 30 31 Student Council in Berlin

alues, group dynamics, communi­ energy policy, sustainable development, inno­ knowledge exchange between the generations. cation exercises and a field trip to vation and entrepreneurship within the com­ Issues with an extra high priority in 2016 VVatten­fall were on the agenda for the pany. The conference also marked the begin­ were creating the right conditions for continu­ Student Council’s conference trip. ning of the Student Council’s work, which ity and long-term development of the Student In 2016 the Council members travelled to involves bringing important issues to the de­ Council’s activities, and equality at companies Berlin where a visit to Vattenfall focused on bate, within and outside IVA, and promoting that are attractive to engineers.

Top level Czech visit

delegation from the Czech Republic visited IVA to discuss energy issues. APrime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka spoke about the importance of cooperation between Sweden and the Czech Republic. About 20 people from the Czech business community met with representatives from the Swedish energy sector for a round table conversation. The participants from Sweden included companies like Vattenfall, Uniper, Fortum, Svenska kraftnät and Energigas Sverige. IVA representatives included Academy President Björn O. Nilsson, and Jan Nordling and Karin Byman from the Electricity Crossroads project. One challenge facing the Czech Repub­ lic’s energy supply is electric power transmis­ sion because capacity between Germany and Bohuslav Sobotka the Czech Republic is a crowded sector.

32 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Art and beautiful science in the corridor

en vackra vetenskapen (Beautiful Sci­ ence) is what artist Helena Sellgren Dcalls her exciting art project. It was unveiled at the beginning of December in a corridor in the IVA Conference Centre. The work, which adorns an entire wall, reveals that “science exists that is not only use­ ful but, like art and poetry, communicates beauty and harmony.” The artist says that she wants her project to make people curi­ ous about research and to show that science can be both beautiful and exciting. She chose to recreate some familiar fractals, including von Koch’s snowflake and Sierpinski’s trian­ gle, carpet and cube. Fractal patterns, such as ferns, are created through mathematical transformations that are repeated numer­ ous times and then presented in the form of advanced computer graphics. What we have here, in other words, is nature’s own beautiful mathematics decorating the corridor wall.

ABOUT THE IVA CONFERENCE CENTRE

IVA Conference Centre has been open to the public since the mid-1980s. In 2016 it hosted 2,500 meetings attended by around 37,000 guests. In addition to IVA’s own division meetings, seminars and breakfasts, companies, government agencies and organisations hold numerous conferences, shareholder meetings and courses here. The meals served in the grand Banquet Hall are prepared in the Grodan restaurant, which is housed in the same building. The Conference Centre serves 120,000 cups of coffee annually Helena Sellgren and Lars Fog and 56,000 sweets are eaten here.

33 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE

Entrepreneurs are the engines of economic growth and therefore also the key to our future prosperity. Globalisation is giving entrepreneurs more and new options. The issue of how a small, open economy like ours can attract capital and knowledge is therefore an increasingly important one. The various aspects of Sweden’s attractiveness are the focus of several IVA activities.

34 34–3535 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE An angel with a feeling for tech business

»The sale of small n December the Dagens Industri newspaper Whether or not the start-ups grow ranked the 52 most influential business an­ into big companies in Stockholm or even in companies is not a Igels in the Swedish tech sector. The list was ­Sweden is an open question. According to the presented as a deck of cards and Jane Walerud ­Stockholm Chamber of Commerce, much of problem. You need was the ace of spades. She was one of the found­ the capital that is invested in start-ups in the to have luck, the ers of software company Bluetail in the 1990s. region comes from international sources. After the company was sold she added a long list “International venture capitalists are main­ right timing and of particularly successful investments to her ré­ ly interested in companies that have a proven sumé. Klarna, Tobii and Lensway are examples. business model and are looking to expand. And skills to start a com- Jane Walerud unquestionably has the right the companies are offered the opportunity to pany that can grow instincts when it comes to what can be a good move as soon as they become visible. It’s easier deal, and in Sweden Stockholm is, of course, to move two or three people to another coun­ without being con- the hottest place to start a tech company. try than a big organisation.” “There are reasons for this. At the end of Swedish start-ups are, according to Jane sumed by a bigger the 1990s a lot of entrepreneurs were making ­Walerud, also good prospects and valued on company.« money. The internet was new and there was the low side. a sense that anything was possible,” she says. She doesn’t think that many small, promis­ A lot of them lost their money, but many of ing companies leaving the country is really a the entrepreneurs who were successful are still cause for concern. It usually means that the around today as mentors, business coaches and company is sold and this releases capital that investors. can be used for new companies. “One very strong reason why Stockholm is “The sale of small companies is not a prob­ ABOUT JANE WALERUD such a hot location for new tech companies is lem. You need to have luck, the right timing called Pär Hedberg, CEO of Stockholm Inno­ and skills to start a company that can grow Jane Walerud was born in the USA and has a vation & Growth (Sting). Pär and Sting are without being consumed by a bigger company. degree in behavioural science from Stanford attracting talented people and creating an The owners really need to want their company University. She came to Sweden at the beginning of the 1980s. After having worked for upward spiral.” to grow on its own when the big fat offers come several large Swedish companies, she was one Jane Walerud points out that the Govern­ along. That can be hard.” of the co-founders of Bluetail. The sale of this ment has invested in incubators and is chan­ Although Stockholm is number one in company gave her the capital she needed to nelling money to entrepreneurs in a variety of terms of tech start-ups, there is a good climate become a business angel. ways. Several of the initiatives have been highly for start-ups in other places around the coun­ Today she is a member of the National successful. try as well. Innovation Council and has an honorary “Stockholm’s fantastic climate for tech “From an investor’s perspective, Stockholm doctorate from the Royal Institute of start-ups is also the result of successful policies. is overheated. This is the reason that I myself Technology. Jane Walerud is a member of IVA and as of 2017 is Vice Chairman of Division Stockholm has law graduates and account­ and others are looking at places like Gothen­ XII Information Technology. In 2014 she was ants working for low salaries but hoping to be a burg. There are great opportunities there too.” awarded IVA’s Gold Medal. part of their company’s growth journey.” Jane Walerud has seen a radical change in

36 37 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE

the view of and knowledge about what entre­ also a means of achieving growth. Companies “The important mission of universities is to preneurship is since she came to Sweden from with multiple products have a better chance of make sure that well-educated people come out the USA in the 1980s. succeeding on their own.” of them.” “At that time it wasn’t OK at all to be an But according to Jane Walerud, the big Graduates who get involved in starting a entre­preneur. People didn’t even have the Swedish corporations are not a major target business need to understand that it takes a money to go to the cinema. Not much time or for new tech companies. long time. The first few years are filled with energy to spare either. Work and the company “It’s hard to sell to big corporations. They administrative tasks and marketing. took all of it.” don’t actually work in many niche areas, so “It’s even more difficult to succeed if your research discovery – the innovation – At the beginning of the 2000s needs to be scaled up to a large volume people did not know how to start a »In Sweden entrepreneurs are in order to be profitable. Research com­ company or how to generate capital often people who know their panies that can sell small volumes at a for investments. high price have a better shot.” Big investments in education and industry, identify a need and incubators with the right talent are The USA and Silicon Valley are often among the things that have created are in their 30s and 40s.« held up as the most fertile ground for a significantly improved climate for start-ups that will conquer the world entrepreneurs in recent years. the products of small enterprises have to be a with a new technology. But Jane Walerud sees “Eventually it became fashionable to be an perfect match.” the benefits of starting out in Sweden. entrepreneur. Talented people saw that it was “Because of the Swedish welfare state, it’s possible. University students realised that they She also points to Astra Zeneca’s Bio Ven­ not a financial disaster if a member of an entre­ could make a career without being employed ture Hub in Mölndal as a good example of how preneur’s family gets seriously ill. Children can by a big corporation.” large companies can support small innovative stay at their school even if the company fails.” But the entrepreneurs behind start-up com­ ones. Bio Venture Hub gives small businesses In Silicon Valley it is practically impossible panies that invest in a single product are aware access to equipment and Astra Zeneca’s exper­ to start a company if you are a parent and have that they do not have much time before others tise at cost price. a family. That is why the entrepreneurs are catch up. Jane Walerud doesn’t really have all that young. “This type of company needs to be sold much confidence in researchers at Swedish “In Sweden entrepreneurs are often people before the window closes. A big corporation universities becoming successful entrepre­ who know their industry, identify a need and might be interested in the technology. This is neurs. are in their 30s and 40s.”

MEETINGS: ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE

6 April in Gothenburg 8 June in Stockholm 22 September in Gothenburg eSports – much more than just a hobby Leadership for innovation West Sweden – a region with IVA West in the forest industry knowledge-intensive service companies IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry IVA West 21 April in Stockholm Innovation Sweden – Are the forces driving 15 June in Stockholm 21 November in Stockholm change enough to keep us at the top? Innovation policy Integration – talent for GE and IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable – more important than ever Swedish competitiveness Growth IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth IVA Business Executives Council in cooperation with 11 May in Luleå 16 September in Stockholm IVA Division VI Management LKAB and the future Industrivärden – Value creation through – Jan Moström, CEO LKAB active ownership, Helena Stjernholm, IVA Business Executives Council, IVA North CEO Industrivärden and Norrlandsfonden IVA Business Executives Council

38 It is not that surprising, therefore, that to make sure that responsibility is in the right for four or five years. It becomes a family and companies like Twitter come from the USA, hands when I leave.” we really get to know one another well. We re­ while companies launching technology that Walerud Ventures is a family affair. Jane’s main friends even after our job is done.” reduces emissions from natural gas combus­ husband Bengt is also a serial entrepreneur and Jane Walerud also believes that it is a good tion are Swedish. her daughter Caroline has made great progress thing for a company to have more than one in­ along the same path as her parents. vestor. People have different perspectives. Jane Walerud’s approach when invest­ Not surprisingly, Walerud Ventures gets a “One individual shouldn’t have the final ing in a company is to be a combination of great deal of requests from companies in need say. That’s why it’s a good thing that these an investor and an operative leader for the of capital and expertise. If anyone thinks it is days there are multiple investors with differ­ business. like the TV show Dragon’s Den, they are mis­ ent views on a company’s potential.” “I like to be hands-on. I’m happy to make the taken. There are no impulsive investments That Jane Walerud usually makes wise coffee in the morning or stand at a trade fair. here. All three members of the family have to investments is demonstrated, among other Being part of the everyday life of a business is believe in the company they are investing in. things, by an annual return on invested capi­ fun and increases the chances of success. Also, “We also have to have an opening on our tal of 60 percent since 2002. But money is businesses often change – perhaps from one calendar so that one of us actually has time to not the main reason why she likes what she week to the next – so it’s good to be on hand to go into the new company and take a part-time is doing. make fast decisions.” operational role. “I want to feel that I’m contributing to the Many other investors are satisfied to sit on The companies they look at need to be suf­ development of businesses and society. And it’s boards. And that’s a good thing, according to ficiently high-tech. Naturally, the company’s fun to watch pimply 23 year-olds become heads Jane Walerud, once a company is more stable. strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and of companies,” says Jane Walerud. She believes “Here at Walerud Ventures, we are quite threats are analysed as well. that the very best way to help new entrepre­ unique in that we work in such a concrete way The most important aspect is still the peo­ neurs is to find them a customer and make sure with the companies. I like to stay on until they ple working at the company. that what they are offering is something that have a turnover of around SEK 100 million and “After all, we have to work closely with them others actually want to buy.

39 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE

Inspiration through an international outlook

IVA is the obvious choice as partner if we want to influence the way young people see entrepreneurship. ” Prins Daniel

rince Daniel’s Fellowship made its first BMW as well as a successful incubator called ABOUT PRINCE DANIEL’S FELLOW- international entrepreneur trip at the UnternehmerTUM. Head of the delegation SHIP AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Pbeginning of 2016. The destinations was Chairman of the IVA project’s Steering PROGRAMME were Berlin and Munich where a delegation of Committee, Marcus Wallenberg. HRH Prince The purpose of the project is to encourage 40 Swedish entrepreneurs and business leaders Daniel of Sweden participated as the project’s young people to become entrepreneurs. The met German counterparts to learn more about Honorary Chairman. project invites a select group entrepreneurs the entrepreneurial climate in Germany. Prince Daniel continued travelling around and business leaders to provide inspiration and mentorship. They bring their own experience Over the course of two intense days the Sweden in 2016. He was joined by inspiring in­ and knowledge to upper secondary schools and delegation visited Technologiepark Adlershof, dividuals on visits to upper secondary schools universities where they meet young people and Telekom Innovation Laboratories (T-Labs) and universities – from Skellefteå in the north inspire them. and the streaming service founded by Swedes, to Malmö in the south. The project has assem­ Prince Daniel is honorary Chairman. Sound Cloud, in Berlin. In Munich, the Bavar­ bled a group of 45 carefully selected inspirers, Marcus Wallenberg is Chairman of the Steering ian capital, the delegation visited Siemens and all of them entrepreneurs and business leaders. Committee.

40 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE

SCHOOL VISITS IN 2016 Catenacci, Jacob de Geer, Daniel Ek, Filip Engelbert, Saeid Esmaeilzadeh, Olof Faxander, Lina Gebäck, 3 February in Stockholm Stina Bergfors, Elin Kling, Filippa Knutsson, 18 February in Borlänge Sebastian Knutsson, Kristina Lindhe, Monica 6 April in Norrköping Lindstedt, Lisa Lindström, Martin Lorentzon, 3 May in Malmö Håkan Lundstedt, Alan Mamedi, Susanne Najafi, 28 September in Borås Bert Nordberg, Jessica Nilsson, Jonas Nordlander, 13 October in Skellefteå Anna Omstedt Lindgren, Lena Patriksson Keller, 22 November in Skövde Fredrik Persson, Karl-Johan Persson, Ashkan Pouya, Mikael Schiller, Sebastian Siemiatkowski, PROVIDING INSPIRATION IN 2016 Johan Skarborg, Cristina Stenbeck, Anna Stenberg, Anders Sundström, Filip Tysander, Hans Vestberg, Niklas Adalberth, Melker Andersson, Kenneth Renée Voltaire, Gunilla von Platen, Eric Wahlforss, Bengtsson, Staffan Bohman, Marie Bredberg, Caroline Walerud, Carl-Gustaf Wachtmeister, Mia Brunell Livfors, Susanna Campbell, Alessandro Nami Zarringhalam and Niklas Zennström. Project Manager Johan Weigelt

41 Helena Stjernholm

Key to successful ownership is the right people on the board

lobalisation is affecting sectors and paying too much attention to individual quar­ in our portfolio. That’s why it’s so important companies in different ways. But no terly reports. that the right people are elected to serve on Gone can avoid its effects. “But even though we take a long-term ap­ the boards.” “It’s important to address this,” said Helena proach we still need to analyse how changes in Industrivärden’s holdings include compa­ Stjernholm, CEO of Industrivärden, at one of the business climate impact our companies.” nies as diverse as AB Volvo, Skanska and ICA. the Business Executives Council’s breakfast She emphasised the importance of focusing But having a sector mix, which also includes meetings. on things they can actually impact, once all construction, steel, banking and telecom, is es­ Digitalisation is one of the trends that must the analysis is on the table. sential if the portfolio is to include large com­ be integrated into a company’s business logic “It’s about identifying opportunities and panies that are also Swedish. and operations. The same applies to sustain­ focusing our energy where we are competitive Due to the geographical limitation, Indu­ ability. and where we can win.” strivärden’s 20 employees have a good overview “Digitalisation is breaking through every­ Although the interest rate situation – with of all important Nordic companies. where. The transport sector is one example,” zero or minus interest rates – makes it cheap to “We compare the progress of our companies she said. borrow, it is harder to generate returns. with how things are going on the stock market Global development affects all businesses, “I have my doubts about minus interest rates. in general. But the important thing is for us regardless of whether they are old traditional There was nothing like this in the text books.” to increase the companies’ net asset value. We companies or recent start-ups. Active, long-term ownership, which is what are, after all, managing other people’s money.” “Some small businesses are setting their distinguishes Industrivärden, involves firing up Helena Stjernholm is in charge of Indus­ sights on the global market right from the the nomination committee process and work­ trivärden’s investment division which, she start. This didn’t happen just a few decades ing with the boards of the companies in which pointed out, has substantial resources. ago.” they own a share. “But we also bring our knowledge, experi­ Industrivärden considers it important to “We’re a minority owner – albeit the biggest ence and commitment to the companies we focus on long-term active ownership without one – in the eight large Swedish corporations work with,” she said.

42 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ENTERPRISE

New environments to global markets

nnovative environments are places where good research being done in Sweden, but real­ “But everyone needs to know what goals large and small companies work together ised that Sweden’s ability to develop innovative they are working towards,” she said. Iand where there are universities that at­ environments was not as good. She pointed out that the Government’s tract companies that want to grow. “One big problem is that the innovation Innovation Council has an important role to But the public support system for innova­ support system is fragmented. Significantly play. tion is fragmented. The benefits of and need longer term investments are needed,” said But innovation is more than something en­ for innovative business environments was the Magnus Lundin. tirely new turning an industry upside down, focus of one of IVA’s seminars in Almedalen. Making investments in marketing and not according to Gunilla Saltin division head at “Innovative environments require a critical just in research was one of his tips to improve Södra Cell (pictured on the right). mass of people, SMEs and universities,” said the situation. “We’re good at taking small steps. We are Johan Carlstedt, Project Manager of the IVA Jennie Nilsson (Social Democratic Party) is now, for example, net suppliers of energy and project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth. Chairman of the Government’s committee on we’re moving from newspapers to tissue paper. Magnus Lundin (pictured left), CEO of trade and industry (pictured in the centre). She But converting to something entirely new Sisp, the industry organisation for Sweden’s did not agree that the number of players in the from something that you know works and is incubators and science parks, knew there was innovation system is a problem. profitable is a challenge,” she said.

Sandvik needs to grow in order to remain healthy

tability, profitability and growth will be competitors we can charge more and invest the the strategy for the next few years for money we make in development. Sall of the companies within the Sandvik The vision is for Sandvik to be the industry group. standard. “In the long run no company does well if it’s “Customers should think of us first when not growing,” said Björn Rosengren, at one of they need something in one of our product the Business Executives Council’s breakfast areas.” meetings. Sandvik it not one company, it is 27 – one Development in the markets where Sandvik per product area. Each one is independent. operates has been very shaky over the past few “Responsibility is shifted out into the organi­ years. sation. Decisions should be taken as close to the This is a challenge for Sandvik. Efficiency customers as possible. Our companies are the improvement and product development will ones who understand their customers’ markets.” help this group of industrial companies pick All companies in the group are subject to up speed again. specific requirements and they are expected to “We intend to be number one or two in the increase their productivity by 3 percent annu­ Björn Rosengren areas where we operate. If we’re bigger than our ally.

43 44 HANS BERGSTRÖM AWARD Persistent research uncovers research fraud

VT journalist Bosse Lindqvist received prion diseases such as mad cow disease, but the 2016 Hans Bergström Award for was later exposed as a paedophile. Sscientific journalism. His weapon is not The acclaimed documentary entitled the rod, but energetic examination and calmly Experimenten­ (the Experiment) started in a communicated presentation of facts that in­ way that is typical for investigative journal­ duce soul-searching. The most recent example ism – from a tip. is the acclaimed TV documentary about Paolo “The four assistant chief physicians at Macchiarini’s research cheating at Karolinska Karolinska Hospital had written a very thor­ Insititutet. ough report – almost resembling a research Bosse Lindquist seeks out the tough top­ thesis – alleging that Paolo Macchiarini and ics, or perhaps it’s the tough topics that seek his co-authors had committed research fraud. him out. He doesn’t know the answer to that The physicians were also able to prove that himself. patients had been exposed to untested clini­ There has been no shortage of topics pre­ cal methods at Karolinska Hospital,” he said. senting a journalistic challenge since he All the information was available on a ABOUT THE HANS BERGSTRÖM started his career in the 1980s. The list of US website, retractionwatch.com, run by re­ AWARD acclaimed and award-winning radio and TV searchers to reveal research fraud. In January documentaries is long, the breadth of topics 2015 Bosse Lindquist started asking his ques­ IVA’s award for scientific journalism – the wide and the quality of programming high. tions: What is this? What actually happened? Hans Bergström Award – recognises a scientific approach in the media and excellent journalism Bosse Lindquist is a persistent and unyielding “Of course, I didn’t know the answers, only in science, technology, innovation and reporter who digs until he is satisfied his ques­ that there were some quite serious allega­ entrepreneurship, in a tradition of informing, tions have been answered. tions.” educating and providing detailed explanation This has resulted, among other things, in He needed to read up on the case, dig deep­ with integrity and a belief in the future. The documentaries on genetics and foetus diag­ er and verify facts. One year later, in January general public as well as people active in the media can suggest candidates for the award. nostics, a revolutionary Swedish rebel move­ 2016, the documentary was broadcast and ment, a Swedish forced sterilisation project, si­ had a huge impact. The rest is TV history and The amount awarded is SEK 100,000. lence on support for Pot Pol, and on Carleton prize-winning journalism that shook the re­ It was awarded for the first time in 2015 and Gajdusek, a Nobel Laureate who discovered search world in Sweden to its core. went to DN journalist Anders Bolling.

45 DISTINCTIONS AND AWARDS

Prince Daniel – new Honorary Member

VA has named HRH Prince Daniel of Sweden as Honorary Member of the IAcademy “for his work in promoting en­ trepreneurship, which has contributed greatly to the promotion of the Academy’s objectives.” Prince Daniel’s work with the Prince Daniel’s Fellowship and Entrepreneurship Programme is the basis for this honour. “IVA is the obvious choice as partner if we want to influence the way young people see entrepreneurship,” said Prince Daniel when he thanked IVA for the honour at the Assembly of the Academy. He pointed out that the project is a success due to the many experienced entrepreneurs involved and the enthusiasm they are met with on their visits to schools and universities.

HONORARY MEMBERS

Gunnar Hambraeus, 1989 Sten Gustafsson, 1992 Sven Olving, 1994 Hans Rausing, 1995 Arne Wittlöv, 2006 Lena Treschow Torell, 2012 Prins Daniel, 2016

46 46 47 URBANISATION

More and more people are living in growing cities. A good living environment requires innovative solutions for new comfortable and climate-smart homes. Public transit needs to be effective, resource-efficient and fossil-free. The cultural offering must be appealing for both the people living there and visitors. IVA is helping with the task of designing good cities by exploring important issues for the future in projects and meetings.

48 48–4949 50 URBANISATION Our cities are growing primarily under their own steam

tockholm is growing rapidly. Year after pany. The structure of the economy is a strong »It’s also an equality year. So are other cities. But it is not van­ driver of urbanisation. There is no reason for Sloads of milkmaids and farmhands that people to remain living in factory towns where issue. It’s easier to find are increasing the populations. These days, companies have closed their doors.” cities are growing primarily under their own The prospect of making a good living, ac­ two jobs in a big city steam. cording to Ulrika Francke, is the main reason than in a town where “There aren’t actually many people moving why cities are attractive. into Stockholm – except for foreign-born indi­ This is true in both developed and develop­ the labour market viduals. The population surge is due to the fact ing countries. Nor is there any limit on how big that more and more babies are being born,” a city can become. is dominated by one says Ulrika Francke, CEO of Tyréns, one of “People usually stay within their own small company.« the consulting firms helping to shape future section of a city. In Stockholm this is usually communities. along the commuting routes.”. But it is not only the biggest cities that are growing; towns like Linköping and Växjö are Attitudes towards urbanisation getting bigger as well. have changed. In 2000 the Swedish Centre “Smaller university towns are also seeing Party wanted to introduce a tax deduction for positive growth.” people living in sparsely populated areas (gles- A reverse trend – people moving from big bygdsavdrag) to encourage people to remain in ABOUT ULRIKA FRANCKE cities to rural areas – is not something that rural areas. The Swedish Integration Agency Ulrika Francke, President and CEO of Tyréns. is traceable in Statistics Sweden’s statistics. (Integrationsverket) at that time steered im­ She has been a politician and Chairman of the There were no clear signs of it during the migrants away from the largest cities, and Liberal Party’s youth organisation. She has “green wave” of the 1970s either. the association of county councils (Lands­ served as City Commissioner in Stockholm and “It was mostly a lifestyle issue. Young fami­ tingsförbundet) was against movement over as Managing Director of the Department of City lies moved from city centres to houses and county boundaries. A housing allocation law Planning and Building Permits. She has, among town homes in newly built suburbs.” (Bostadsanvisningslagen), which has since been other things, also served as CEO of SBC. She is and has been a member of several boards. The cultural offering in big cities and ac­ abolished, gave municipal authorities the right cess to good services are among the things that to decide who would live where in their mu­ Since 1998 Ulrika has been a member of IVA make them attractive. nicipality. Division III Building and Construction and is now the division’s Chairman. She has taken part in “It’s also an equality issue. It’s easier to find “The authorities are no longer telling people several IVA projects and is currently a member two jobs in a big city than in a town where where they can live. It’s hard to stop urbanisa­ of the Steering Committee of the Good Cities the labour market is dominated by one com­ tion.” of the Future project.

51 URBANISATION

The ambition is still, of course, for all of one who wants to can find a home. Stockholm “The capacity and design of mass transit Sweden to be vibrant and naturally everyone has the toughest housing market. Many think determines where homes are built. Some laws has the right to choose where to live. But it that urban infill is at least a partial remedy for need to be changed. Fast transportation is the is impossible for housing availability to be the the shortfall. most important thing,” says Ulrika Francke, same everywhere. “But it wouldn’t make sense to build in who also predicts that new flats will get smaller. The Government maintains that develop­ green spaces, like Humlegården. We need People in big cities will quite simply have ment combined with political decisions has green spaces, although they need to be more less living space in the future. resulted in a situation where the conditions in robust because more and more people will be With hindsight it would have been possible cities and rural areas are far too different. In­ using them.” to limit the amount of new homes needed in vestments are needed in fast broad­ several of Sweden’s cities. Tens of band for everyone and the national »It would be good if at the thousands of homes, many of them authorities need to continue devel­ part of the heavily subsidised miljon- oping their digital service. municipal level the zoning programmet (housing construction “For some people living in rural programme in the 1960s and 1970s), areas this is probably a good thing. plans contained fewer details. have been torn down. Some might But the need for child day care The more there are, the more consider this capital destruction. centres is not being met by more “But the demolition is not really broadband. People need to be pre­ opinions there will be. The all that surprising. There were emp­ pared to take the consequences of ty public housing flats that no one their choices. If you live in a remote details could be dealt with in the wanted to rent. The maintenance area in the countryside, you may be development contracts instead.« was more than people could afford. able to be rescued by helicopter in In many places buildings were only case of an emergency, but not every partially demolished and new resi­ week.” It is not possible to build too far upwards in dential environments were created. The distance to the closest neighbour is Stockholm either. Unlike in cities like New If we’re going to talk about capital destruction, growing in rural areas. The reverse is true in York for example, Stockholm’s big streets are the situation is far worse for individuals who growing towns and cities. It is both difficult quite narrow. Having numerous skyscrapers live in a single family home in a place where and expensive to get a place to live. Clearly it would block out the sunshine and make the absolutely no one wants to buy.” is important to build new homes so that every­ streets dark, even during the day. And to solve the housing shortage with new,

MEETINGS: URBANISATION

4 February in Stockholm 21 April in Stockholm 28 September in Stockholm Where will everyone Attractive cities according Built environment and climate change live in the good cities to the future powers that be – Whose responsibility is it? of the future? IVA project Good Cities of the Future IVA Division III Building and Construction IVA project Good Cities of the Future 24 May in Stockholm 24 October in Stockholm How is Sweden planned, Sustainable wood construction 5 April in Luleå and who is doing the planning? – from bud to roof Gert Wingårdh – one of IVA Division III Building and Construction IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry Sweden’s foremost architects and the project Good Cities of the Future IVA North 21 September in Stockholm Up and down for cyclists in good cities IVA project Good Cities of the Future

52 big state-subsidies is not something Ulrika Cityterminalen central station for commuter But at the national level Ulrika Francke Francke is keen on at all. trains is finished there will be even more people would like to see more overall planning. “It’s too expensive and the subsidies end up all at the same place. But this is part of Stock­ Several municipalities around the country in the wrong pockets.” holm life.” are investing in the construction of logistics What determines where the homes – which centres. Good for future freight transporta­ undoubtedly must be built – are located is the Politicians and civil servants are limited tion. But are all of them necessary? And are infrastructure. Good and fast transportation in their ability to plan and develop solutions they in the right locations to meet future is the most important thing. One could also that are optimal from all perspectives. Munici­ needs? argue that the infrastructure is what creates pal decisions were, for example, the basis for “It would be good if at the municipal level new cities. the construction in recent years of two – by the zoning plans contained fewer details. The “Nässjö would not have existed without the Swedish standards – large arenas: Friends in more there are, the more opinions there will southern main line (stambanan). And without Solna and Tele2 Arena in Stockholm. be. The details could be dealt with in the the underground metro system there would be “Arenas are complicated. I know this from development contracts instead,” says Ulrika no Vällingby.” experience from my time as director of city Francke, who heads a company that has been Today well over 300 million trips a year are planning in Stockholm. We could probably transformed from a construction consultancy taken on the Stockholm metro. The hub for have had two arenas even if they had been in to one that delivers comprehensive construc­ all of the lines, T-centralen, has monumental the same municipality. Sports clubs are very tion and planning solutions to its customers. congestion at rush hour. keen to have their own home arena.” And Tyréns is one of the companies involved “This is both good and bad. Congestion can Arenas are important for the tourist in­ in the reconstruction of Slussen in Stock­ of course be a problem, but the star-shaped de­ dustry as well. And this is an industry that holm. sign of the network makes it easy to change is growing significantly, turning over large And so it should be; this classic intersection lines. And now there is the Tvärbanan light rail sums, which in turn creates many job oppor­ is less than half a stone’s throw from Tyréns’ and trams to take care of overflows. When the tunities. head office.

53 URBANISATION

Attractive cities must combine quality of life with growth

Our work is constructive and concrete. The results will be applied in future urban planning. The aim is for this to serve as a reference work in various ” contexts. Gabriel Urwitz

ood cities provide a high quality of ment physically attractive are subjective, but A broad approach, with every conceivable life for the people living in them and if people are happy, that’s a sign it’s a good en­ aspect represented, is a guarantee of that. Ghave good economic growth. vironment. And it is possible to measure some “I’m impressed by the work being done by “Making sure these aspects work together aspects of quality of life. Commuting time is both the Steering Committee and the work presents challenges,” says Gabriel Urwitz, one dimension and how safe people feel is one groups. Thanks to IVA’s good reputation, Chairman of the Steering Committee for the of many other factors.” highly qualified individuals are prepared to get IVA project Good Cities of the Future. The project, which was launched in 2015, involved and volunteer a lot of their time to Writing out a prescription to the govern­ will have its recommendations and proposals work on the project. It’s an exciting project to ment, authorities, urban planners, municipali­ ready in 2017. be a part of. The issues are multidimensional. ties, builders and others who have a say in how “The work is constructive and concrete. I’ve learnt a great deal.” our cities are developed is the overarching mis­ The results will be applied in future urban One of the challenges the project partici­ sion of the project. planning. The aim is for this to serve as a refer­ pants have struggled with is the silo mentality “Views on what makes an urban environ­ ence work in various contexts.” that exists in current development processes

54 URBANISATION

ABOUT GOOD CITIES OF THE FUTURE

The project objective is to help provide a growing population with attractive environments in which to live and work, while also promoting growth and sustainability. The project has four work groups. • The Urbanisation Drivers and Obstacles group is responsible for ensuring that the project has a foundation in new and relevant research. • The Upward Development Spirals group’s task is to study districts in a number of regions. • The Future Flows in Sustainable Cities group is taking a visionary approach to explore technical, social and logistics flows. • The Planning and Decision Processes group is studying how new discoveries and plans can be put to best use. The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Gabriel Urwitz, formerly an adjunct professor at Stockholm School of Economics and Chairman of private equity firm Segulah. The rest of the committee consists of representatives from all of the relevant sectors of society. Gabriel Urwitz, Chairman of the Steering Committee The project timeframe is 2015–2017.

and a lack of trans-sector cooperation. Also, stimulating environment. Attractiveness is a cities are being built according to function – factor in competition between big cities glob­ jobs in one area and housing in another. ally – within a country and between different “We aren’t starting with a clean slate. The population centres. Not all population centres cities actually already exist. At the same time, are equally attractive. Some are struggling urban development is a dynamic process and a with shrinking populations. city’s future growth, the extent of urban infill, “We are looking at those as well. They’ve how to make districts more mixed are all im­ been handling the problem in different ways. portant factors.” Some have been successful, others less so. Cities need to be attractive. And not only There are lessons to be learnt. In order for a from a Swedish perspective. Globalisation and city to turn a negative trend around it needs jobs exposed to international competition re­ people who are powerhouses; entrepreneurs quire cities to be able to offer a pleasant and who really get involved,” says Gabriel Urwitz. Project Manager Staffan Eriksson

55 Ignorance prevents more wooden houses

onstruction processes account for a portant factor. Life-cycle analysis of two multi- ronmentally sound, wood provides cost ben­ large and increasing proportion of dwelling buildings of equal size – one made efits through things like shorter construction Cthe climate impact of multi-dwelling of concrete the other of wood – showed that times. buildings. emissions from the wooden building were half “But there is a lack of knowledge about More high-rises made from wood would im­ those from the concrete building. building with wood among contractors, and prove the situation. But ignorance is holding But only one in ten new multi-dwelling customers are not requesting specific materi­ up development. buildings are being constructed with a wooden als or smart green solutions,” said Charlotta According to Tove Malmqvist (pictured carcass. Szczepanowski, adding that Riksbyggen will on the right), associate professor at the Royal Charlotta Szczepanowski, Sustainability continue to build in both wood and concrete. Institute of Technology (KTH), who spoke at Director at Riksbyggen (pictured on the left), To remedy this lack of knowledge, Stora an IVA seminar, the actual construction of a believes that one reason wooden buildings Enso has launched a web-based tool to provide multi-dwelling building that will stand for 50 have not enjoyed a widespread breakthrough information to contractors. years accounts for 40 percent of the building’s is quite simply ignorance: “It’s not sufficient to just say that wood is total carbon emissions. “Our project managers generally prefer con­ good. We’ve had our wood building system “Production of materials has the greatest crete. But those who understand wood know available on the web since last summer. It has climate impact. And one third of all materials that it works.” all the information people need. They just goes to waste,” she said Project managers who know wood choose need to read and build,” said Mikael Lindberg, The choice of materials is therefore an im­ it to keep costs down. Apart from being envi­ Stora Enso.

Optimising infrastructure use

rban infill, optimising the use of ex­ results in a sense of insecurity, so it’s impor­ isting infrastructure and changing tant to create dense environments where there Uplanning processes will make it at­ are always lots of people around,” she said. tractive to live in good cities of the future. Her solution for urban infill is simply to IVA’s project Good Cities of the Future was build in green areas and parks. discussed at a seminar in Almedal. Eva Nygren, head of investments at the Maria Börjesson, head of the Centre for Swedish Transport Administration, presented Transport Studies at the Royal Institute of a novel solution to make better use of the road Technology (KTH), is convinced that existing network. infrastructure can be used more efficiently. She “Why not try turning the concept of road also mentioned one the disadvantages of cities. tolls around? Reward people for using a spe­ Maria Börjesson “People encounter strangers in cities. That cific, recommended route.”

56 URBANISATION

Young politicians on good cities

ix housing with workplaces. Create is better adapted to the needs of the passengers Four big trends are at play. Digitalisation is meetingplaces outside of city cen­ and a significant reduction in the number of one of them. For example, a simple app has cre­ Mtres. Build high and reduce space cars on the road. One key aspect of the ideas ated Uber and turned the taxi industry upside for cars. These are some of the suggestions for cities of tomorrow is mixing things up on down. In a few years’ time self-driving cars will from socially engaged young people on how to a broad scale to create environments that are change the way people get around. make cities of the future attractive. attractive to residents. Mass transit and rapid trains are another Our future cities are being created today; Alexander Ståhle is an urban planning re­ important trend. Seven out of ten commutes their design is based on the visions of archi­ searcher associated with the Royal Institute of in Stockholm are already on mass transit. tects, decision-makers and politicians. But we Technology (KTH). He used a number of ex­ “More and more people are choosing to cannot take the future for granted. At a work­ amples to show that politicians and architects ­cycle to work. That’s also a growing trend.” In shop arranged by the IVA project Good Cities have visions that often become reality. During Amsterdam 40 percent of all trips are by bike. of the Future around twenty politically active the early 1900s the visionary future belonged Walking is increasing as well. More people and socially engaged young people discussed to the car. This resulted in cities being opti­ living in cities is the reason for that. what should distinguish urban environments. mised for driving. “It increases the value of properties along Although they did not agree on everything, “Further back in time the streets were built walking routes and boosts retail sales. Walk­ there was consensus on some of the ideas put to transport people, not cars. Not even smart ing is what is driving the economy, not cars,” forward, such as having more homes in the cars are able to make cities smart,” he said. he said. same areas as workplaces. Other ideas were tall A basic premise for urban development, ac­ According to Alexander Ståhle, urbanisa­ and multi-functional buildings, thoughtful cording to Alexander Ståhle, is that people tion and technology development are super- urban infill in existing residential areas to in­ want to be close to the things they need. This trends that are fundamentally impacting city crease the number of homes, mass transit that is what is driving urbanisation. life.

57 58 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Technology scouting in Hong Kong

he world-leading drone producer DJI was one of the companies the TIndustrial Research Committee (IFG) visited at the end of September when the delegates went on their annual trip abroad. The destinations were Hong Kong and the Chinese border city of Shenzhen, sometimes called China’s Silicon Valley. The thirteen delegates met Sweden’s Consul General Helena Storm who pro­ vided valuable insights into the region. They went on to visit ten locations with an emphasis on deepening their knowledge about the region’s eco system for research, development and innovation. The visits in­ cluded the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Lenovo, ­Huawei and Invest Shenzhen, the city of Shenzhen’s development office.

ABOUT IFG

IFG consists of 15 carefully selected members; individuals who are heads of research and development at the companies and organisations where they work. IFG members are recommended by IVA members and elected for a three-year period. The key aspect of the IFG’s work is field trips to the participants’ companies/organisations during their three-year mandate period. Another important element is the annual study trip abroad. In 2014 the IFG travelled to USA’s west coast and in 2015 to southern Germany. The IFG was founded in 1970 and there are now more than 150 IFG alumni. Project Manager: Maria Dollhopf.

59 59 KNOWLEDGE

Sweden’s prosperity is dependent on high-level education and top class research. Universities operate in an international knowledge market. IVA is focusing on the quality, governance and autonomy of universities, and on other important issues to ensure a strong supply of knowledge.

60 60–6161 KNOWLEDGE Sweden is steering the EU flagship for graphene research

»We had worked lot stronger than steel, pliable, al­ Chalmers and Jari Kinaret are, of course, most transparent and with extremely not alone in being responsible for making gra­ for several years on Agood electrical conductivity. These phene a European success story. There are 154 are some of the properties of the Nobel Prize partners on board in 23 countries. To coordi­ graphene and on winning, two-dimensional material called gra­ nate all of this over a ten-year period requires a putting together phene. But in order for its properties to actu­ well-designed structure. ally be put to good use, it needs to be bought “I looked at how other large research pro­ the graphene out of the university lab. This requires research jects and big corporations like Volvo and and cooperation with industrial companies. ­Ericsson were organised.” proposal before the The EU is hoping that Europe will lead this The way the flagship is organised resembles competition chose development. The process is being driven by one the structure of a big international corpora­ of European research’s two gigantic flagship tion with several divisions. Each division has the flagships. I had programmes – Flagship Graphene. The pro­ responsibility for a specific development area. gramme is being coordinated by Chalmers Uni­ Graphene research at Chalmers University my two minutes in versity of Technology with Jari Kinaret, profes­ of Technology is more than just an EU invest­ Brussels.« sor and head of the Condensed Matter Theory ment; Chalmers’ Graphene Centre is coordi­ division, at the helm. Six large research projects nating the whole programme and is also the competed to be a flagship with a budget of EUR entry point for the flagship. 1 billion over ten years. In January 2013 the EU “The flagship accounts for 20–30 percent ABOUT JARI KINARET decided that Jari Kinaret’s graphene programme of graphene research at Chalmers. The rest is would be one of them. The other flagship, the financed by the Swedish Foundation for Strate­ Jari Kinaret was born in the Ostrabothnia region Human Brain Project is in Switzerland. gic Research, the Wallenberg Foundation, the of Finland. He has MSc degrees in theoretical physics and in electrical engineering from the “We had worked for several years on gra­ Swedish Research Council, the Västra Götaland University of Oulu. In 1992 he moved to the phene and on putting together the graphene region, the Chalmers Foundation and, not least, USA to attend MIT from which he graduated proposal before the competition chose the flag­ by Vinnova through Sio Grafen. Around 70 re­ with a PhD in physics. ships. I had my two minutes in Brussels,” says searchers including PhD students are working Since 1995 he has been a professor at Chalmers Jari Kinaret, who is certain that the initiative on this two-dimensional material at Chalmers. University of Technology and Director of would have won even if the researchers behind “Graphene consists of a single layer of car­ Chalmers’ Nanoscience and Nanotechnology the discovery of graphene had not received the bon atoms. The electrons that give it its prop­ Area of Advance. Jari Kinaret is the initiative- Nobel Prize three years earlier. erties can only move horizontally. Physicists taker and head of the EU’s biggest ever research project – the Graphene Flagship. Jari Kinaret is a “The timing of the Nobel Prize was of like me think that the degree of freedom of member of IVA Division V Mining and Materials course good for us, and we certainly benefit­ movement of the electrons determines the division. ted from it when we applied to be a flagship.” number of dimensions.”

62 63 There are very high hopes regarding the are on their way into a computer. This would “A lot of the Swedish research has been at potential outcomes of the substantial invest­ make even broader broadband possible. This is the basic level. We understand the material’s ments in this nanomaterial. The media head­ an area of increasing importance.” fundamental properties, so now it’s time to lines in recent years have told us that graphene Graphene should be integrated into existing identify applications.” will revolutionise, replace or prompt the devel­ electronics. It should not replace silicon. opment of numerous materials and products. “There’s no need to replace silicon with gra­ Sweden and Europe are not alone in iden­ “These expectations are unattainable. Re­ phene. In order for graphene to be really useful tifying opportunities. Although Europe is on searchers have added to the speculation. Jour­ in electronics, the processes and manufactur­ top, China is investing huge resources in aca­ nalists carry part of the blame. The Nobel ing methods need to be developed.” demic graphene research. Prize fuelled the unrealistic notions. Graphene According to Jari Kinaret, graphene will “China is the leader in terms of applications. is not going to solve the world’s problems.” in general be beneficial in many forms of fast Many companies are interested, and recently electronic devices. Graphene will be a suitable aggressively so. They have products that use It is useful in composites; making them component in 5G and beyond, i.e. 6G or what­ graphene in many areas. But not all of them lighter, stronger and better conductors of ever it will be called. were fully developed before they reached the electricity and heat, based on what is required. There is also a bright future for the super- market. What is the point, for example, of Also, applications like these require very small material in nanofluidics – the flow of liquids socks made from graphene?” amounts of the Nobel Prize winning material and gases. Not even the smallest atoms can Graphene is hot in South Korea as well. in order for their properties to be changed con­ penetrate graphene. But filters made from Samsung is one of the companies that have siderably. graphene with extremely small holes could be made good progress there. “Graphene will have its first breakthrough used in the desalination of saltwater and puri­ In Europe Brexit is creating uncertainties in composites. Aircraft manufacturers are fication of waste water. There are also numer­ with respect to the flagship. Although the interested in making their planes lighter. A ous conceivable biomedical applications. Brits are guaranteeing that they will honour development partnership with Airbus is in “But due to the safety requirements associ­ all agreements signed before Britain actually progress.” ated with biomedical solutions, it will take a leaves the EU, what will happen after that is Drones are another example of an area long time before we get there.” less certain. where Jari Kinaret sees great potential. In order for graphene to reach different mar­ “Probably nothing will happen for a couple And graphene could play a role in the future kets, cooperation is needed between research of years. But over time Brexit will probably of energy storage. In France a pilot facility is and industrial partners. ABB and Ericsson have consequences. They will of course depend being planned where super-condensers will be are among the companies that have shown an on what the Brits and the EU agree upon. We made using graphene. Elsewhere, projects are early interest in the material. are living in very interesting times.” under way to find out how the material can “There are about fifty industrial partners improve existing batteries. within the flagship. Interest is increasing To do well in international competition, “Graphene is almost transparent. It only steadily.” countries and individuals need knowledge. absorbs 2 percent of light. This makes it suit­ Swedish graphene research is doing well. Defining what this all really means is not the able for optoelectronics. Optical signals can And Vinnova’s Sio Graphene has generated easiest task. be converted into electrical signals when they increasing interest from Swedish companies. “Knowledge is facts we know and under­

64 KNOWLEDGE

stand. Not what we believe. Knowledge cre­ corporate and the research world. There is a regular students. But offering education with­ ates value, but not necessarily in an economic point to this.” out any connection to research is not popular sense.” The most important and fundamental mis­ in Sweden.” Knowledge transfer between academia and sion of universities is to educate. According In Sweden all universities want to do eve­ the business community is perhaps the most to Jari Kinaret, it is possible up to a certain rything. That results in some subcritical en­ important way of turning research into value- point for a seat of learning to provide educa­ vironments, especially for research students. generating development. “On the other hand, putting “The key here is cooperation. In­ knowledge to good use, regardless formation needs to flow in both di­ »I have not seen all that of what students take with them, rections. Students play a significant is of course impossible without re­ role in knowledge transfer. They many experienced academics search.” take with them the knowledge they venturing into the corporate gained at university, which is then Jari Kinaret points out that turned into value in society.” world. And even fewer in the personal contact between students Jari Kinaret would like to see and professors is important. That is more people at senior levels in aca­ other direction. The thresholds why traditional university campus­ demia and industry exchanging are high. Especially for business es will not disappear. They will not roles. be replaced by digital instruction “I have not seen all that many ex­ leaders who want to try out an in the form of massive open online perienced academics venturing into courses (MOOCs). the corporate world. And even fewer academic environment.« “In the USA the big surge of in­ in the other direction. The thresh­ terest in these has declined. Many olds are high. Especially for business aspects of education require physi­ leaders who want to try out an academic envi­ tion without having any direct connection to cal presence. For example, engineering students ronment. In Finland research institutes have a research. sometimes need to get their hands dirty. Per­ greater role in this type of interaction than in “In the USA there are colleges with top sonally, I would not want to drive over a bridge Sweden. At VTT Technical Research Centre four-year programmes, while there are also designed by someone who has only learnt about of Finland many split their time between the universities with as many research students as design on a computer,” says Jari Kinaret.

MEETINGS: KNOWLEDGE

1 February in Stockholm 16 March in Gothenburg 16 June in Stockholm Better conditions for clinical studies Research and development in Efficient future strategic – What has happened? science and technology in the Oslo research investments Seminar – Swedish Pharmaceutical Society and Gothenburg regions IVA Division XI Education and Research Policy and IVA project Trials for Swedish Medicine IVA West and Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA) 22 November in Stockholm 3 February in Lund Materials of the future Nano products of the future 22 March in Stockholm – gold and green forests IVA South Medical diagnostics in the future IVA Division V Mining and Materials IVA Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary 14 March in Stockholm Engineering Sciences 8 December in Stockholm Time to prioritise Swedish universities’ higher education in 31 May in Stockholm internationalisation opportunities knowledge policy Future possibilities in space – What does success require? IVA Division XI Education IVA Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary IVA project Research Outlook and Research Policy Engineering Sciences

65 KNOWLEDGE

Jobbsprånget – the first step into the job market for new arrivals

Here at Jobbsprånget we are looking at people’s actual skills and expertise. We’re not focusing on professions where certification is required. During the internships ” employers can see for themselves what the interns can do. Jan-Eric Sundgren

wedish employers need more engineers Jobbsprånget is based on the same model as ish public employment service (Arbetsförmed­ but they also need other well-educated Tekniksprånget, a programme that has, since lingen) and the Swedish Migration Agency Semployees. Asylum seekers and univer­ 2012, enabled 2,700 upper secondary school had to be on board. Alexandra Ridderstad, sity graduates who have recently arrived in graduates to have internships at numerous who is coordinating Tekniksprånget, and Eva Sweden –engineers, scientists and economists technology-intensive workplaces. ­Glaumann who is project manager were the – can help fill the gaps. IVA’s Jobbsprånget pro­ “Jobbsprånget is a natural progression of ones who made that happen.” gramme is helping to make sure their expertise Tekniksprånget, but with a different target Many employers are in great need of talent­ is put to good use as quickly as possible. It start­ group,” says Jan-Eric Sundgren, who is chair­ ed employees and they have a positive atti­tude ed as part of the Government’s Snabbspår (Fast man of both programmes. to giving graduates who have recently come to Track) programme. Through Jobbsprånget Good relationships with employers and Sweden an internship. The response has ex­ university graduates who have recently arrived authorities and an effective concept enabled ceeded all expectations and right now around here can have four months of work experience Jobbsprånget to get started in earnest in 2016. 80 employers are participating. The goal is with an employer in need of expertise. “In order for this to work, both the Swed­ 1,000 internships annually.

66 KNOWLEDGE

ABOUT JOBBSPRÅNGET

Jobbsprånget is based on the Tekniksprånget model, an internship programme that allows young people to try out a career in engineering and has arranged 2,700 internships. Through Jobbsprånget university graduates who have arrived recently can apply for a four month internship at one of several companies to speed up their entry into the job market. Jobbsprånget is aimed at new arrivals who have registered with the Swedish public employment service. Jobbsprånget applicants are only required to be able to speak either Swedish or English. Jan-Eric Sundgren is Chairman of the Steering Jan-Eric Sundgren, Chairman of the Steering Committee Committee.

“Here at Jobbsprånget we are looking at strategy, where skills in technology and busi­ people’s actual skills and expertise. Their ness are key factors.” qualifications do not need to be 100-percent The long-term vision for both Teknik­ validated. We’re not focusing on professions språnget and Jobbsprånget is, of course, for both where certification is required. During the programmes to be unnecessary. internships employers can see for themselves “In the case of Tekniksprånget, it will prob­ what the interns can do.” ably take a long time before the programme is Funding for the programme is provided by no longer needed. It will require a change in the Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation. culture and attitudes. As far as Jobbsprånget But, as Jan-Eric Sundgren points out, govern­ is concerned, I really hope it won’t take long ment funding is essential. before the Swedish job market has absorbed “The programmes are, after all, fully aligned the new talent coming into the country,” says with the Government’s new industrialisation Jan-Eric Sundgren. Project Manager Eva Glaumann

67 Helene Hellmark Knutsson

Research bill with a long-term perspective

he Government’s research policy bill “At the national level research will, among Education Authority (UKÄ) will be responsi­ aims to address three global challeng­ other things, promote sustainable built en­ ble for evaluating research quality. Tes: climate and environment, health vironments, strengthen democracy, increase Career paths for young researchers will be and digitalisation. Increased collaboration equality and raise the quality of education in improved and another objective is to attract between academia, industry and society will schools.” promising researchers from other countries. generate solutions. The same day as Minister The increase in funding is not intended to “Right now we are not always supporting for Higher Education and Research, Helene be used for more research, but rather to raise the best. All research positions will be an­ ­Hellmark Knutsson, announced the Research the quality to a higher level. nounced. This will improve equality.” Bill, which will aim to address society’s chal­ “Past budget increases have mainly in­ Over time the Government’s goal is for half lenges and improve competitiveness, she pre­ creased the volume of research. We need to of all new professors to be women. sented its contents at a packed IVA seminar. make sure we do this right and not just create Pia Sandvik, CEO Rise, Jan-Eric Sundgren, Over the next four years until 2020, there big data flows.” Senior Advisor at Teknikföretagen and Eva will be additional funding for research to the The Government expects the resource boost Åkesson, Vice-Chancellor of Uppsala Univer­ tune of just over SEK 3 billion. to lead to greater equality in academia, more sity were largely in agreement that the bill is a “But this has a ten-year perspective. A long- collaboration with industry and society in gen­ step in the right direction. But Eva Åkesson term and strategic approach is essential,” said eral, and more research results being put to use. also pointed out that it provides few answers Helene Hellmark Knutsson. “Increased mobility between universities is to many important questions. If the Riksdag (Sweden’s parliament) approves another goal,” said Helene Hellmark Knutsson. “And the wish list the Minister is giving to the bill, the new research policy will help to find Another new aspect is that collaboration universities is a long one. That is a cause for solutions to three global challenges: climate and will be one of the criteria for allocation of basic concern. I hope a continuation will follow,” environment, health and digitalisation. funding for universities. The Swedish Higher she said.

68 KNOWLEDGE

Tough requirements on vice-chancellors

he way in which Sweden’s universities the positive aspects of a research council con­ Stig Strömholm, former Vice-Chancellor of are governed and managed is a hot sisting of individuals not holding line posi­ Uppsala University. Ttopic. Three vice-chancellors work­ tions. “He said: ‘Being a vice-chancellor is like be­ ing in different contexts shed light on how Mikael Alexandersson believes that academ­ ing a cemetery caretaker. You have a lot of peo­ things work in practice at an IVA seminar in ic methods are an advantage. ple beneath you, but no one’s listening’.” Almedalen. “This is how ideas are bounced around and Ultimately it is the political sphere that pro­ They were Johan Schnürer of Örebro Uni­ explored, leading to sound decisions. But first vides the framework for how universities are to versity, Helene Dannetun of Linköping Uni­ we need to define what we’re doing. Then posi­ be governed. versity and Mikael Alexandersson of Halm­ tions can be filled accordingly.” he said. Betty Malmberg (Moderaterna Party) is a stad University. They had both shared and The ability of a vice-chancellor to take deci­ member of the Riksdag Education Committee. differing views on the best way to govern a sions at lightning speed is significantly limited “Goal and result-oriented management and university. compared to that of a CEO of a listed compa­ greater autonomy make a good governance “Collegiality is important, but line manage­ ny. But none of the vice-chancellors expressed model. We need to be clear about our expec­ ment is also needed,” said Helene Dannetun, any envy about it. Quite the reverse – inertia tations and the rules must have a long-term who created a strategy map for team develop­ in academic decision-making can often by a perspective.” she said. ment when she took over in Linköping. healthy thing. Thomas Strand (Social Democratic Party) Johan Schnürer thinks there are several as­ Cecilia Schelin Seidegård is Chairman of is also a member of the Education Committee. pects to take into account. the University of Gothenburg and County “The current public university model works “Careful consideration is needed if collegial Governor of Gotland. To illustrate what a vice- well. But we still want to give universities more governance is to work,” he said, emphasising chancellor’s situation can look like she quoted autonomy,” he said.

Different universities but the same mission

niversities are of different sizes and In simple terms, Uppsala is essentially char­ ages, but they have one thing in acterised by its academic values; Karlstad by Ucommon: the Government has giv­ breadth and education; Luleå by its focus on en them the same mission. The IVA project the usefulness perspective and Halmstad by ­Research Outlook has examined the differ­ an emphasis on innovation. Another thing the ences and similarities. universities studied have in common is that The study, which was presented at a semi­ they operate on two levels: regionally and in­ nar in Almedalen, includes the universities in ternationally. Uppsala, Karlstad and Halmstad and Luleå “The national perspective is less promi­ University of Technology. nent.” “The four universities are all different in na­ All of the universities studied are above the Martin Wikström ture,” said Project Manager, Martin Wikström. global average in terms of research quality.

69 NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Knowledge and talks in Almedalen

nnovative environments, universities, energy and the forest’s potential, sus­ Itainable business models, cities of the future and a fast track to jobs for refugees with a technical education. These were the themes of several filled-to-the-brim IVA seminars during one day in Almedalen. Developing Swedish competitiveness re­ quires innovative environments. The best way to create these was discussed at one of the seminars. Energy of the future – one of IVA’s most important profile issues ever – was debated with the Government’s Energy Commission. Anna Ekström Another future energy issue – the for­ est as a source of raw material for energy – attracted a lot of attention. One of the speakers was Magnus Hall, CEO of Vatten­ fall. IVA’s new initiative called Jobbsprånget, which is helping engineers and other gradu­ ates who have just arrived in Sweden secure an internship at a company, was such a hot topic that for many in the audience there was standing room only.

Cecilia Strömblad Brännsten Magnus Hall

ABOUT ALMEDAL WEEK

IVA has participated in Almedal Week since 2009. By arranging seminars and meetings the Academy is able to strengthen its network. Topical issues are addressed and discussed, particularly those relating to IVA’s projects. Many IVA members participate in activities arranged by other organisations as well. Project Manager: Anna Lindberg.

70 Johan Kuylenstierna70 Betty Malmberg Richard Nordin (C), Cecilie Tenfjord-Toftby (M), Maria Weimer (L)

Gunnar Svedberg Gunilla Saltin Per Eriksson Ulla Hamilton

Cecilia Schelin Seidegård Birgitta Sundblad Irene Wennemo Olof Persson NETWORKS & EXCHANGE

Technology evening for the Riksdag

ccording to tradition, at end of No­ vember it was time for members of Athe Riksdag to meet at IVA. A hun­ dred or so people from the Swedish parlia­ ment mingled for a while in the foyer before taking their seats in the Wallenberg Audito­ rium for a packed programme. Five IVA pro­ ject managers had the opportunity to briefly present their projects: two minutes each for Jobbprånget, Electricity Crossroads, Re­ source Efficient Business Models, Innovation in the Forest Industry and Prince Daniel’s Fellowship. Short, concise and well received by the audience. One Riksdag member said afterwards that the same rule applies to re­ sponse time in party leader debates. Two min­ utes max. High marks for IVA’s project man­ agers who all stayed within the time limit. The keynote speaker was as usual Björn O. Nilsson. He was given a bit more time. A full 45 minutes. IVA’s President presented his annual address on the theme of Progress in Sci- ence and Technology. Judging by the applause this was a much-appreciated element. He also had the opportunity to answer questions on topics such as research policy. A very topical issue bearing in mind that the Government had presented its Research Bill the day before.

ABOUT RIFO

RIFO is a society and a forum for contact and dialogue between members of the Swedish Riksdag (parliament) and researchers. The society is made up of members of the Riksdag, researchers involved in public or private research, and if special reasons exist, other individuals whose work is considered of interest by the society. Thomas Strand (Social Democratic Party) has served as Chairman since 2015.

72 IVA CELEBRATED CARL XVI GUSTAF

In connection with H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf’s 70th birthday celebration, IVA arranged a seminar on the future with three leading researchers in robotics, nanotechnology and medical diagnostics as speakers. Professor Robert S. Langer, Professor David R. Walt and Professor Magnus Egerstedt were invited to talk about the latest research develop­ ments in their respective fields. After the seminar a very happy King said: “We have learnt a lot today about the new possibilities offered by science and technology.” The three international researchers were presented by IVA members and professors ­Maria Strømme, Fredrik Höök and Danica Kragic.

73 ANNUAL MEETING

On 28 October IVA members and guests assembled for the Academy’s Annual Meeting. This was the 97th Annual Meeting, an event steeped in tradition which concludes with a gala banquet and dancing at Stockholm City Hall.

74 74–7575 76 ANNUAL MEETING

Progress, party and packed

s always, the celebration of IVA’s An­ nual Meeting – the 97th since the Astart in 1919 – was one long party. First there were speeches, Gold Medal pres­ entations and commemoration in Stockholm Concert Hall. Then a reception, banquet and dancing in Stockholm City Hall followed. In his speech, Leif Johansson, Chairman of IVA, stressed the importance of sustainable busi­ ness models. He looked in the rear-view mir­ ror and remembered when he first became interested in the environment. He was Presi­ dent of Electrolux and the main environ­ mental concern at that time was reporting on growing holes in the ozone layer. “At first we were sceptical about whether refrigerators has that much to do with it. We thought it was technically impossible to find a substitute for Freon. In the end we realised the strength of the scientific evidence,” he said. Björn O. Nilsson, President of IVA, in his annual address on Progress in Research and Technology, talked about the forthcoming Research Bill. His secret guest was Minister for Higher Education and Research, Helene Hellmark Knutsson.

ABOUT THE ANNUAL MEETING

IVA’s presidents started early on holding a speech at the Annual Meeting about the events that had taken place in the engineering realm. Articles about the advances in research and technology were published in a magazine launched by IVA in 1930. The first Annual Meeting was held in the golden ballroom at Grev Turegatan, to which the Academy’s members and special guests arrived in their formal attire. Project Manager: Maria Dollhopf.

77 77 ANNUAL MEETING

Scientific pioneer shattered the glass ceiling

rofessor and physician Nanna Svartz an academic career all they way up to the top. of medical diagnostics and therapies. The (1890–1986) was a pioneer as the first Before this there were both formal obstacles in development of antibiotics and vaccinations Pwomen in Sweden to receive a profes­ the law and the informal glass ceiling, illustrat­ led to cures for diseases such as tuberculosis, sorship at a Swedish public university. The ing how women encountered an invisible and diphtheria, smallpox and polio. Psychopharma­ appointment as professor of medicine at Karo­ impassable obstacle when attempting to ad­ cological drugs were developed and they revo­ linska Institutet became a significant first and vance in a male-dominated hierarchy. Nanna’s lutionised psychiatry. Heart surgery, pacemak­ symbolic step in the ability of women to have title as professor gave her the ability to impact ers, dialysis, transplants, joint implants and much more than the purely academic aspect other technical innovations extended human of her professional life; she also became a re­ life and improved the quality of life for mil­ spected and recognised figure and a role model lions of people. for many other women. After beginning her studies in intestinal Nanna Svartz was a skilled clinician and a bacteria, Nanna went on to devote much of diligent and innovative researcher, and she at­ her research to rheumatoid arthritis, its causes tached great importance to teaching medical and treatment. Working with pharmaceutical students and doctors in training. As a leader company Pharmacia, she developed one of the she was honourable and bold. She became an first effective drugs to treat this disease, Sala­ excellent administrator and, thanks to her lan­ zopyrin. It was a big seller all the way into the guage skills, had a large international network 1960s. of researchers. She gave countless lectures at conferences around the world in English, Ger­ The account of Nanna Svartz’s life in the man and French. 2016 Commemorative Booklet (in an abridged Nanna Svartz lived and worked during version here) was written by Professor Gunilla Gunilla Bolinder one of the most dynamic periods in the field Bolinder.

78 The Academy’s Great Gold Medal goes to Professor Dan Brändström for his The Academy’s Gold Medal goes to Professor Magnus Berggren for his outstanding contributions and deep commitment to Swedish and European innovative and creative research in organic electronics. He is one of research and higher education. He is a true humanist and social scientist the most prominent figures in the field of “electronic paper” and has with a great interest in and commitment to natural sciences, engineering and developed ways of enabling electronics, such as sensors and displays, to medicine. As a skilled and experienced public official, a driven and visionary be printed directly on paper and cardboard. In recent years his research investigator and bold and spirited debater, he has helped bring about has involved biological applications. sweeping changes in the way research is funded and organised.

2016 GOLD MEDALLISTS

For “outstanding achievements in the Academy’s focus areas,” IVA awarded its Great Gold Medal to Professor Dan Brändström. The 2016 recipients of the three Gold Medals were Professor Magnus Berggren, Marie Ehrling, Honorary Doctor of Economics, and Professor Lars-Gunnar Mattsson.

The Academy’s Gold Medal goes to Marie Ehrling MSc. Eng., The Academy’s Gold Medal goes to Professor Lars-Gunnar Mattsson D. Eng. h.c., for her great contributions as a leader and her important for his key role in developing industrial international marketing as work on the boards of Swedish companies. She has a modern an academic field. Among other things, he has been instrumental in leadership style and she has handled challenges and promoted change communicating knowledge on practical applications in industry based on with great integrity. his many years of experience at Marknadstekniskt Centrum.

79 HIGH LEVEL MEETING AT IVA

A high level economic meeting took place when Stefan Ingves, Governor of Sveriges­ Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) and Deputy Governor of Japan’s central bank, Mr. Hiroshi Nakaso met at IVA at a well-attended seminar in March. The two men agreed that Sweden and Japan, despite their entirely different points of departure, face similar challenges.

80 IVA Documentation 2016

Academy Secretary Johan Weigelt with the Academy’s Executive Committee: Maria Strømme, Pontus Braunerhjelm, Cecilia Molinder (adjunct member), Leif Johansson, Anders Nyrén, Eva Hamilton and Björn O. Nilsson.

Division affiliation in parentheses Ulrika Francke (III) Hans-Jürgen Federsel (IV) THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Karin Larsson (V) Leif Johansson (VI), Chairman 2012–2017 Marie Hafström (VI) Anders Nyrén (IX), Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Jan-Eric Sundgren (VII) Pontus Braunerhjelm (XI), Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Elisabet Salander Björklund (VIII) Pam Fredman (XI), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Mia Horn af Rantzien (IX) Maria Strømme (VII), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Inger Andersson (X) Eva Hamilton (VI), Business Executives Council Chairman 2016–2018 Christina Ullenius (XI) Björn O. Nilsson (X), President 2008–2017 Ylva Hambraeus Björling (XII) Adjunct member: Cecilia Molinder, IVA Student Council Chairman Chairmen of IVA’s regional sections Karl-Erik Årzén (II), IVA South ADVISORY COUNCIL Marianne Dicander Alexandersson (VI), Chairman IVA West The Advisory Council includes the Chairman of the Academy, the chair- Göran Carlsson (V), IVA North men or vice chairmen of the Academy’s divisions, chairmen of the regional networks and IVA’s President. The Secretary to the Academy as well Chairmen of the IVA Business Executives Council and IFG as the chairmen of the Business Executives Council and the Industrial Eva Hamilton (VI), Business Executives Council Research Committee are also called upon to attend meetings. Peter Holmstedt (I), IFG

Leif Johansson (VI), Chairman Björn O. Nilsson (X), President IVA MEMBERS Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy Details about the Academy’s members are included in the register of members, 2015–2016. As of 31 December 2016, IVA had 940 Swedish Division chairs members and 266 international members. Monica Bellgran (I) Karl Bergman (II)

81 Elected members Yngve Larsson, Licenciate Engineering (II, 1977) Professor Annika Borgenstam (V) Finn Lied, MSc Eng (international member, 1983) Senior Vice President Folke Brundin (II) Professor Bo Lindell (VII, 1976) Carina Edblad Chief Executive Officer (III) Hans Lindgren, D.Eng (I, 1982) Chairman Lena Ek (VIII) Stig Lundquist, D.Eng (II, 1972) President Henrik Eskilsson (VI) Bertil Näslund, Econ. Licenciate and PhD (IX, 1977) Chief Executive Officer Lennart Evrell (VI) Magnus Ingemar Olsson, MSc Eng (I, 1983) Chairman Sarah Fredriksson (VII) Professor Sven Olving (XI, 1972) Professor Jan Gulliksen (XII) Professor Anton Pannenborg (international member, 1979) Professor Hans Hanson (III) Jerker Porath, PhD (X, 1971) Gunilla Herlitz, MSc Bus. & Econ. (VI) Sven-Olov Reftmark, MSc Eng (XII, 1987) Cecilia Hermansson, PhD Econ. (IX) Lennart Schön, PhD Econ (VI, 2010) Professor Ingalill Holmberg (IX) Doctor John J Shepherd (international member, 1978) Professor Filip Johnsson (II) Wiking Sjöstrand, MSc Mining Engineering (V, 1989) Professor Jari Kinaret (V) Lars Sundblad, MSc Eng (VIII, 1969) Lena Klasén, Head of Division (XII) Professor Erik von Sydow (X, 1971) Christer Larsson, Director City Planning Office (III) Kennert Torlegård, D.Eng (VII, 1983) Professor Marcus Lindahl (VI) Jan Wallander, PhD (XI, 1969) Ulla Litzén, MSc Bus. & Econ. (IX) Sven Wallgren, MSc Bus. & Econ. (VI, 1980) Vice Chairman Martin Lorentzon (XI) Roland Wimmerstedt, Licenciate in Engineering (IV, 1990) Stefan Lundmark, Corporate Specialist (IV) Doctor Ivan R Yates (international member, 1990) Chief Executive Officer Alex Myers (I) Sven Ågrup, MSc Bus. & Econ (IX, 1984) Chief Executive Officer Anette Novak (XII) Irma Åstrand, MD (VI, 1970) Professor Hans Olofsson (VII) Professor Lars Persson (IX) Chief Executive Officer Maria Rankka (XI) IVA DIVISIONS Professor Johan Rockström (I) Director General Susanne Ås Sivborg (XI) Division I – Mechanical Engineering Professor Olov Sterner (IV) Professor Monica Bellgran, Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Helene Svahn (X) CEO Per Grunewald, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Professor Henrik Thunman (IV) Project Director Catharina Modahl Nilsson, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Anna Wedell (X) Secretary: Ingrid Jansson Chief Executive Officer Per-Olof Wedin (VIII) Number of members: 87 Professor Jerker Widengren (VII) Chef Operating Officer Maria Poppen Wiklander (I) Division II – Electrical Engineering Vice President R&D Karl Bergman, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Elected international members Professor Lars Nielsen, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Professor Michel W. Barsoum Vice President Birgitta Resvik, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 President Pierre Lapointe Secretary: Johan Persson President Ellis Rubinstein Number of members: 50 Professor Arnold Lee Swindlehurst Technical Fellow Emeritus Anders Vinberg Division III – Building and Construction CEO Ulrika Francke, Chairman 2016–2018 Deceased members Anna Sander, Project Director, Vice Chairman, 2016–2018 Rolf Birkeland, MSc Eng (international member, 1991) Professor Peter Collin, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Stig Björkman, MSc Eng (I, 1989) Secretary: Staffan Eriksson Doctor Ichiro Chibata (international member, 1986) Number of members: 76 Ralph Edebo, MSc. Engineering (VI, 1984) Curt-Stefan Gieseke, Bachelor of Laws (IX, 1972) Division IV – Chemical Engineering Lars Gustafsson, PhD (XI, 1995) Associate Professor, Hans-Jürgen Federsel, Chairman 2014–2016 Doctor Reinsuke Hara (international member, 1990) Michael Persson, D.Eng, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Bo Hedström PhD Forestry (VIII, 2009) Professor Lennart Bergström, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Bo Jacobson, D.Eng (I, 1985) Secretary: Jan Westberg Torsten Jensfelt, MSc Mining Engineering (V, 1977) Number of members: 71 Sven Kvarnström, MD (VI, 1982)

82 Division V – Mining and Materials REGIONAL SECTIONS Professor Karin Larsson, Chairman 2015–2017 CEO Per Storm, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 IVA North Gert Nilson, D.Eng, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 CEO Göran Carlsson (V), Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Johan Persson Director of Sales Lars-Eric Aaro (V), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Number of members: 64 Vice-Chancellor Johan Sterte (IV), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Johan Persson, Lennart Elfgren (III) Division VI – Management Marie Hafström, Bachelor of Laws, Chairman 2016–2018 IVA South Professor Sofia Börjesson, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Professor Karl-Erik Årzén (II), Chairman 2015–2017 Lars Stugemo, CEO, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Göran Harrysson, MSc Eng. (X), Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Lotta Thörn Professor Lena Neij (III), Vice Chairman 2012–2016 Number of members: 125 Secretary: Marika Thunberg Petersson

Division VII – Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences IVA West Professor Jan-Eric Sundgren, Chairman 2014–2016 Chairman Marianne Dicander (VI), Chairman, 2016–2018 Professor Hjalmar Brismar, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 CEO Malin Persson (XI), Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Professor Sophia Hober, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Fundraising Director Håkan Simonsen, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Secretary: Maria Dollhopf Secretary: Gustaf Wahlström Number of members: 98 Members of the IFG (nominating division in parentheses) Division VIII – Forest Technology Charlotte Andersson, LKAB (V) 2014–2016 Director Elisabet Salander Björklund, Chairman 2015–2017 Peter Björnängen, Mycronic AB (II), 2016–2018 Professor Paul Gatenholm, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Petra Edwards, AstraZeneca R&D (IV), 2016–2018 Ola Hildingsson, D.Eng h.c., Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Emil Görnerup, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (VI), 2014–2016 Secretary: Hampus Lindh Lars GJ Hammarström, Karolinska Institutet and Glionova (X), 2015–2017 Number of members: 55 Maria Homman, AkzoNobel Wood Coatings (IV), 2016–2018 Karin Ifwer, Vattenfall AB (II) 2015–2017 Division IX – Economics Michael Jacob, Ministry of Enterprise (XI) 2014–2016 CEO Mia Horn af Rantzien, Chairman 2016–2018 Christopher Jouannet, Saab Aeronautics (I), 2016–2018 Anders Lindberg, Chairman, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Peter Lindelöf, VINNOVA (XI), 2016–2018 Staffan Bohman, MSc Bus. & Econ., Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Monica Ringvik, AB Volvo (VII), 2015–2017 Secretary: Hampus Lindh Galina Esther Shubina, Gradient Descent AB (XII), 2015–2017 Number of members: 109 Olle Steffner, BillerudKorsnäs (VIII), 2014–2016 Katarina Stetler, Kairos Future (I), 2015–2017 Division X – Biotechnology Bo Svedberg, Ecoloop AB (III), 2014–2016 Inger Andersson, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Chairman: Peter Holmstedt (I), 2014–2017 Björn Odlander MD, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Secretary: Maria Dollhopf Professor Stefan Ståhl, VIce Chairman 2016–2018 Secretary: Maria Dollhopf Number of members: 63 BUSINESS EXECUTIVES COUNCIL In 2016 the Business Executives Council had 250 member companies, Division XI – Education and Research Policy government agencies and organisations. They were represented by 250 Professor Christina Ullenius, Chairman 2015–2017 members, 127 alternates and 291 contact persons. Director Jan Nygren, Vice Chairman 2016–2018 Director of Social Policy Peter Larsson, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Executive Body Secretary: Martin Wikström Chairman: Eva Hamilton, LKAB 2016–2018 (VI) Number of members: 79 Vice Chairman: Pia Sandvik, RISE 2015–2017 (XI) Vice Chairman: Jonas Wiström, ÅF 2016–2018 (VI) Division XII – Information Technology Kristina Alsér, Kronoberg County Administrative Board 2015–2017 Chairman Ylva Hambraeus Björling, Chairman 2014–2016 Magdalena Gerger, Systembolaget 2015–2017 (VI) Professor Anders Lansner, Vice Chairman 2014–2016 Mernosh Saatchi, Humblestorm (2014–2016) Research Director Staffan Truvé, Vice Chairman 2015–2017 Lars Stugemo, HiQ International 2015–2017 (VI) Secretary: Linda Olsson Hans Stråberg, Chairman Atlas Copco 2016 (I) Number of members: 63 Johan Öberg, BCG 2015–2017

83 Adjunct members 8 February in Stockholm Hamdija Jusufagic, System Verification Sweden (IVA South) The road to sustainable fuels of the future Thomas Nilsson, NJT Konsult (IVA North) Seminar – IVA Division IV Chemical Engineering Håkan Simonsen, Chalmers University of Technology (IVA West) Lars Lindblom, Samarkand2015 12 February in Stockholm Breakfast meeting with Alexander von Gabain IVA Division X Biotechnology MEETINGS 16 February in Stockholm 12 January in Stockholm Digitalisation – challenge for industry This is how much electricity will we need in the future IVA Division VI Management Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads 16 February in Stockholm 13 January in Stockholm How is Swedish mining technology research doing? The EU’s digital internal market – What opportunities are there? Seminar – IVA Division V Mining and Materials Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for European issues 17 February in Stockholm 19 January in Gothenburg Industrie 4.0 Innovation and renewal in the healthcare system – What can Sweden learn from Germany? Seminar – IVA West Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for European Issues

20 January in Stockholm 23 February in Stockholm Managing Innovation in Rapidly Changing Times New bio-based materials, products and services IVA Executive Forum Seminar – IVA Division VIII Forest Technology in cooperation with BioInnovation 25 January in Stockholm Hydropower and biodiversity 24 February in Stockholm Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads Universum – Talent Hunt Breakfast meeting with Petter Nylander, 28 January in Stockholm IVA Business Executives Council This is how electricity will be produced in the future Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads 25 February in Stockholm What will the power grid of the future look like? 1 February in Stockholm Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads Better conditions for clinical studies – What has happened? Seminar – Swedish Pharmaceutical Society and IVA project 1 March in Stockholm Trials for Swedish Medicine Future possibilities of Bluetooth and other short-range radio technology – But how is it affecting personal integrity? 3 February in Lund Seminar – IVA Division II Electrical Engineering Nano products of the future Seminar and field trip – IVA South 14 March in Stockholm Time to prioritise higher education in knowledge policy 3 February in Mölndal Seminar – IVA Division XI Education and Research Policy AstraZeneca BioVentureHub Field trip – IVA West 16 March in Gothenburg Research and development in science and 4 February in Stockholm technology in the Oslo and Gothenburg regions Where will everyone live in the good cities of the future? Seminar – IVA West and Norwegian Academy of Technological Seminar – IVA project Good Cities of the Future Sciences (NTVA)

5 February in Stockholm 21 March in Stockholm Ericsson – How telecom is impacting the future The Japanese Economy Breakfast meeting with Hans Vestberg – Challenges and Future Perspectives – IVA Business Executives Council Seminar – IVA, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sweden-Japan Foundation and the Embassy of Japan

84 22 March in Stockholm 18 April in Lund Medical diagnostics in the future Field trip to Axis in Lund Seminar – IVA Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences IVA South

5 April in Stockholm 19 April in Stockholm Alzheimer’s Disease: What new Medicines are Emerging? Electricity in the future – Effect on the climate and environment Breakfast meeting – IVA Division X Biotechnology Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads

5 April in Luleå 20 April in Umeå Gert Wingårdh – one of Sweden’s foremost architects In the media spotlight Seminar – IVA North Seminar – IVA Business Executives Council, IVA North and Norrlandsfonden

6 April in Luleå 21 April in Stockholm Seminar with Deputy Prime Minister Åsa Romson Innovation Sweden – Are the forces driving change enough to keep us at Seminar – IVA North the top? Seminar – GE and IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth 6 April in Gothenburg eSports – much more than just a hobby 21 April in Stockholm Seminar – IVA West Attractive cities according to the future powers that be Seminar – IVA project Good Cities of the Future 7 April in Stockholm The SCAPIS study – a way to find new 28 April in Gothenburg therapies for heart and lung diseases Western Sweden as a knowledge region for global companies Seminar – IVA Division X Biotechnology Seminar – IVA West

8 April in Stockholm 3 May in Stockholm Electricity markets in the USA, Canada and the UK Security in a digitalised world Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads Seminar – IVA Division II Electrical Engineering

11 April in Lund 10 May in Gothenburg Collaboration for innovation, field trip to MaxLab IV Field trip to Chalmers University of Technology Field trip – IVA South Field trip – IVA Division IV Chemical Engineering

11 April in Malmö 10 May in Stockholm Digitalisation – new pressure to innovate and collaborate Fuel from the forest through gasification Seminar – IVA Business Executives Council and IVA South Seminarium – Luleå University of Technology, SP, IVA North, IVA Division VIII Forest Technology and Swedish Forest Industries Federation 13 April in Stockholm Klarna – fast grower with technology and payment solutions 10 May in Malmö Breakfast meeting with Sebastian Siemiatkowski How do we preserve a world-class energy system? – IVA Business Executives Council Seminar – IVA South and IVA project Electricity Crossroads

13 April in Stockholm 11 May in Luleå Steering towards greater resource efficiency LKAB and the future Seminar – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models Seminar with Jan Moström – IVA Business Executives Council – strong competitiveness 11 May in Stockholm 14 April in Stockholm Digitalisation – leadership and competitiveness Advancing forest industry Seminar – IVA Division I Mechanical Engineering Seminar – Forestry division of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture Enterprise, Leadership and Information Technology and Forestry (KSLA) and IVA Division VIII Forest Technology 12 May in Gothenburg 15 April in Stockholm Greater competitiveness through diversity Swedish energy policy 1975–2009 Seminar – IVA West and IVA Programme Council Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads Diversity for Competitiveness

85 16 May in Stockholm 1 June in Stockholm New cancer drugs for individualised treatment Who is scrutinising the research community? Seminar – IVA Division X Biotechnology IVA’s award for scientific journalism – Hans Bergström Award

17 May in Stockholm 1 June in Växjö Field trip to the Financial Supervisory Authority Smart Urban Living – towards an Field trip – IVA Division IX Economics internationally attractive area of excellence Workshop – IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth 17 May in Stockholm Leadership in digital transformation 2 June in Stockholm Breakfast meeting with Lisa Lindström – IVA Business Executives Council Resource-efficient business models for textile and consumer products of the future 19 May in Stockholm Breakfast meeting – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models Electricity Market of the Future – What will it cost? Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads 3 June in Stockholm Swedish Life Science Industry – continued decline or reawakening? 20 May in Stockholm Seminar – Growth Analysis and IVA Division X Biotechnology Resource-efficient business models in the built environment sector Breakfast meeting – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models 8 June in Stockholm – strong competitiveness Leadership for innovation in the forest industry Seminar – IVA project Innovation in the Forest Industry 24 May in Stockholm How is Sweden planned, and who is doing the planning? 8 June in Gothenburg Seminar – IVA Division III Building and Construction Innovative environments – What is needed to progress to international and the project Good Cities of the Future areas of excellence? Workshop – IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth 25 May in Stockholm The challenges and the way forward for resource-efficient 10 June in Stockholm business models in industry and tech companies Inertia for the electricity system of the future Breakfast meeting – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads – strong competitiveness 13 June in Stockholm 26 May in Skellefteå Innovation in South African mining – Is there room for Swedish input? Computer Games – next step towards Breakfast meeting – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa and internationally attractive area of excellence IVA Division V Mining and Materials Workshop – IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth 14 June in Stockholm 27 May in Stockholm Electricity Crossroads – an energy policy for the future Resource efficiency and raw materials Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads with Minister for Energy Breakfast meeting – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models Ibrahim Baylan – strong competitiveness 15 June in Gothenburg 30 May in Stockholm Summer party – IVA West Resource efficiency in grocery chains Breakfast meeting – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models 15 June in Stockholm – strong competitiveness Innovation policy – more important than ever Seminar – IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth 30 May in Malmö Innovative environments – What needs to be done to 16 June in Stockholm develop international areas of excellence? Efficient future strategic research investments Workshop – IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth Seminar – IVA Division XI Education and Research Policy

31 May in Stockholm 4 July in Visby Future possibilities in space Leadership for more innovative environments Seminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Seminar – Almedalen

86 4 July in Visby 14 September in Gothenburg Different universities, different roles in society? New logistics facilities in West Sweden Seminar – Almedalen Seminar – IVA West and IVA Division III Building and Construction

4 July in Visby 15 September in Umeå Debate with the Energy Commission Field trip to the Institute of Design, Umeå University. – How Sweden will have the world’s best electricity system IVA Division I Mechanical Engineering Seminar – Almedalen 16 September in Stockholm 4 July in Visby Industrivärden – Value creation through active ownership Energy – new market for the forest Breakfast meeting with Helena Stjernholm – IVA Business Executives Seminar – Almedalen Council

4 July in Visby 19 September in Stockholm Business models for sustainable growth Nano-designed material for industrial applications Seminar – Almedalen Seminar – IVA Division V Mining and Materials

4 July in Visby 20 September in Stockholm Live, travel and work in good cities of the future – not just a housing issue! WASP – research billions for the digitalisation of industry Seminar – Almedalen Seminar – IVA Division II Electrical Engineering

4 July in Visby 20 September in Stockholm Jobbsprånget and integration – talent for Swedish employers Field trip to the Research Institute of Industrial Economics Seminar – Almedalen Field Trip – IVA Division IX Economics

5 July in Visby 21 September in Stockholm Teaching leadership to universities Up and down for cyclists in good cities What is the best way to govern a university? Seminar – IVA project Good Cities of the Future Seminar – Almedalen 22 September in Gothenburg 5 July in Visby West Sweden – a region with knowledge-intensive service companies Ideas for Swedish education and research in a globalised world Seminar – IVA West Seminar – Almedalen 27 September in Stockholm 31 August in Stockholm How deep is the school crisis and how can it be turned around? Sandvik – innovation in a global market Seminar – Assembly of the Academy Breakfast meeting with Björn Rosengren – IVA Business Executives Council 28 September in Stockholm Built environment and climate change – Whose responsibility is it? 7 September in Lund Seminar – IVA Division III Building and Construction Industrie 4.0 – What can Sweden learn? Seminar – IVA South 4 October in Stockholm The EU’s next Framework Programme after Horizon 2020 8 September in Lund – If Sweden could decide Steering towards greater resource efficiency Round table conversation – IVA’s Programme Council for European Issues Seminar – IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – strong competitiveness 4 October in Stockholm Vulnerable technology – What will the consequences 12 September in Stockholm of increasing dependence on GPS be? The new RISE and investments in bioeconomics Seminar – IVA Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Seminar – IVA Division VIII Forest Technology 10 October in Stockholm 13 September in Stockholm SCA – the future in two sectors Aromas and the mysterious sense of smell Breakfast meeting with Magnus Groth Seminar – IVA Division X Biotechnology – IVA Business Executives Council

87 11 October in Lund 22 November in Stockholm Bluetooth and other short-range radio technology Materials of the future – gold and green forests – What does the future look like? Seminar – IVA Division V Mining and Materials Seminar – IVA South and IVA Division II Electrical Engineering 22 November in Stockholm 20 October in Stockholm Digitalisation on shaky ground Royal Technology Forum – Technology Foresight – Can basic communication handle the new requirements? Seminar dedicated to H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf on his birthday Seminar – IVA Division XII Information Technology

24 October in Stockholm 23 November in Stockholm Sustainable wood construction – from bud to roof New digital technology Seminar – IVA project Good Cities of the Future – new ways of running infrastructure projects Innovation in the Forest Industry Seminar – IVA Division III Building and Construction

1 November in Luleå 24 November in Stockholm People are the right size Space activity today – on scaling in biology and technology – important for improved benefits for society Seminar – IVA North and IVA Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Seminar – IVA Division II Electrical Engineering Engineering Sciences 25 November in Gothenburg 3 November in Växjö The Fourth Industrial Revolution How can we create future digital relationships in the forest? Breakfast meeting with Alrik Danielsson Seminar – Linnaeus University and IVA – IVA Business Executives Council and IVA West

8 November in Stockholm 28 November in Luleå The role of electricity in future sustainable energy systems Progress in Science and Technology 2016 Workshop – IVA project Electricity Crossroads and the Swedish Energy – Technology Evening with IVA North Agency 28 November in Stockholm 14 November in Stockholm Minister for Higher Education and Research, New winds in the Finnish forest Helene Hellmark Knutsson, presents the Research Bill Seminar – IVA Division VIII Forest Technology Seminar – IVA project Research Outlook

17 November in Stockholm 1 December in Gothenburg Who will be the next world champion in disruptive innovation? Progress in Science and Technology 2016 Seminar – Assembly of the Academy – Technology Evening with IVA West

18 November in Stockholm 8 December in Stockholm US election – effect on the Swedish economy Swedish universities’ internationalisation opportunities Breakfast meeting with Börje Elkholm – IVA Business Executives Council – What does success require? Seminar – IVA project Research Outlook 21 November in Stockholm Integration – talent for Swedish competitiveness 12 December in Stockholm Annual Meeting – IVA Business Executives Council in cooperation with The future of electricity IVA Division VI Management – Can Sweden ensure delivery reliability? Seminar – IVA project Electricity Crossroads 21 November in Stockholm Cooperation between academia and industry 14 December in Stockholm – How can it be developed in the field of chemistry? MIPS – technology that saves cyclists from serious brain injury Workshop – IVA Division IV Chemical Engineering Breakfast seminar – IVA Division X Biotechnology

22 November in Lund Progress in Science and Technology 2016 – Technology Evening with IVA South

88 STEERING COMMITTEES FOR IVA’s PROJECTS 2016 Mentor4Research Chairman: Rolf Skoglund, ID Invest (XII) Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth Magnus Breidne, IVA Chairman: Carl Bennet, Carl Bennet AB (XI) Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (X) Tomas Billing, Nordstiernan Adjunct member: Jan Sandred, Vinnova Pontus Braunerhjelm, Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum (XI) Project Manager: Anders Gezelius, Strategize Charlotte Brogren, Vinnova (XI) Ulf Ewaldsson, Ericsson Prince Daniel’s Fellowship Pam Fredman, University of Gothenburg (XI) Honorary Chairman: H.R.H. Prince Daniel Carola Lemne, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (VI) Chairman: Marcus Wallenberg, SEB (VI) Martin Lorentzon, Spotify (XI) Carl Bennet, Carl Bennet AB (XI) Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (X) Karolin A. Johansson, The Royal Court Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Johan Skarborg, Academic Work Eva Nordmark, TCO Johan Weigelt, IVA Johan Rockström, Stockholm Resilience Centre (I) Project Manager: Johan Weigelt Anders Sundström, Swedbank (VI) Håkan Sörman, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (VI) Resource Efficient Business Models Karl-Petter Thorwaldsson, Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO) – Greater Competitiveness Project Manager: Johan Carlstedt Chairman: Anders Narvinger, Alfa Laval (II) Chairman Food work group: Kenneth Bengtsson Good Cities of the Future Chairman Input Goods work group: Leif Brodén (VIII) Chairman: Gabriel Urwitz, Segulah Advisor (IX) Chairman Consumer Products work group: Henrik Lampa, H&M Magnus Breidne, IVA Chairman Infrastructure work group: Johan Skoglund, JM Johan Celsing, Johan Celsing Arkitektkontor Chairman Control Mechanisms work group: Thomas Sterner, University Anders Egelrud, Fortum Sweden of Gothenburg Ulrika Francke, Tyréns (III) Chairman Capital Goods work group: Åke Svensson, Teknikföretagen (I) Kerstin Gillsbro, Jernhusen Senior Advisor: Björn Stigson, Stigson & Partners Gunilla Glasare, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions Charlotte Brogren, Vinnova (XI) Emma Gretzer, Swedish Research Council Formas Åke Iverfeldt, Mistra Anders Hall, Swedish National Police Board Erik Lautmann (VI) Staffan Helgesson, Creandum Advisor Sweden Lars-Erik Liljelund, SEI Arne Kaijser, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH (VI) Martin Lundstedt, AB Volvo (I) Christer Larsson, Malmö City Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (X) Eva Nygren, Swedish Transport Administration (III) Gunilla Nordlöf and Tim Brooks, Swedish Agency for Economic and Peter Nygårds (III) Regional Growth Per Strömberg, ICA Gruppen Maud Olofsson, Romo Norr AB Åsa Söderström Jerring, Infobooks (III) Maria Ågren, Kerstin Cederlöf and Björn Risinger, Mattias Tingvall, Vattenfall Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Annica Ånäs, Atrium Ljungberg Project Manager: Caroline Ankarcrona Project Manager: Staffan Eriksson Smart Industry – Jury Innovation in the Forest Industry Chairman: Johan Weigelt, IVA Chairman: Olof Persson, Cerbrus (VI) Monica Bellgran, IVA (I) Lars Berglund, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH (V) Hans Enocson, GE Ingrid Bodin, Preem Torbjörn Holmström, AB Volvo Magnus Breidne, IVA Danica Kragic Jensfelt, KTH (II) Magnus Hall, Vattenfall (VIII) Björn Langbeck, Swedish Agency for Economic Carina Håkansson, Swedish Forest Industries Federation (VIII) and Regional Growth Per Lindberg, BillerudKorsnäs (VIII) Per Magnusson, ÅF Sara Mazur, Ericsson (XI) Ulf Troedsson, Siemens Lennart Rådström (VIII) Klas Wåhlberg, Teknikföretagen Birgitta Sundblad, Innventia (VIII) Project Manager: Johan Carlstedt Peter Wågström, NCC Johan Öberg, BCG Project Manager: Mats Johnson

89 Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget PROGRAMME COUNCIL 2016 Chairman: Jan-Eric Sundgren, Teknikföretagen (VII) Helen Dannetun, Linköping University European Issues Johan Forssell, Investor AB Chairman: Ulf Dinkelspiel (IX) Lena Gumaelius, Vetenskapens Hus (House of Science), KTH Göran Bäckblom (V) Tobias Krantz, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Michael Jacob Peter Larsson, Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers (XI) Peder Jonsson Anders Lindberg, JKL (IX) Lennart Karlsson (I) Camilla Modéer, IVA (XI) Maria Khorsand (XI) Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (X) Secretary: Johan Weigelt Helena Stjernholm, Industrivärden (IX) Håkan Sörman, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (VI) Capacity of Swedish industry to absorb the results of Swedish Head of Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget Alexandra Ridderstad world-leading research Project Manager Jobbsprånget: Eva Glaumann Chairman: Sven Löfquist (VI) Peter Gudmunson (I) Research Outlook Susanne Ås Sivborg (XI) Chairman: Gunnar Svedberg (IV) David Sonnek Magnus Breidne, IVA Anthony Turner (VII) Charlotte Brogren, Vinnova (XI) Secretary: Hampus Lindh Lars Hultman, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, SSF (V) Åke Iverfeldt, Mistra Diversity for Competitiveness Birgitta Palmberger, Swedish Energy Agency Chairman: Malin Persson (XI) Malin Persson, Accuracy Ingenjörs- och Konsultbyrå AB (XI) Pia Anderberg Ingrid Petersson, Swedish Research Council Formas (X) Ola Asplund (XI) Lars Rask, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Marianne Dicander Alexandersson (VI) Madelene Sandström, Knowledge Foundation (XI) Belgin Fortaci Lena Ställdal, Forte, until 30 May 2016 Anna Holmberg Lars Wärngård, Forte, from 1 June 2016 Secretary: Karin Byman Eva Åkesson, Uppsala University Adjunct member: Andreas Göthenberg, STINT Preparing for the Research Bill Project Manager: Martin Wikström Chairman: Christina Ullenius (XI) Sofia Börjesson (VI) Electricity Crossroads Laszlo Fuchs (VII) Chairman: Bo Normark, Power Circle (II) Anders Lansner (XII) Vice Chairman: Peter Nygårds, Swedbank (III) Eva Wigren (I) Lina Bertling Tjernberg, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Secretary: Martin Wikström Magnus Breidne, IVA Runar Brännlund, UMU (IX) Mikael Dahlgren, ABB DISTINCTIONS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND AWARDS Anders Ferbe, IF Metall Håkan Feuk, E.ON The Medal Committee 2016 Mats Gustavsson, Boliden Chairman: Arne Kaijser (VI) Kjell Jansson, Swedenergy Peggy Bruzelius (IX), from 1 July 2016 Johan Kuylenstierna, SEI Anders Ekblom (X) Ulf Moberg, SVK Karl-Olof Hammarkvist (IX), until 30 June 2016 Birgitta Resvik, Fortum (II) Krister Holmberg (IV) Andreas Regnell, Vattenfall Camilla Modéer (XI) Gunilla Saltin, Södra Marie Schrewelius Arwidson (VIII) Maria Sandqvist, Teknikföretagen Rolf Skoglund (XII), from 1 July 2016 Maria Suner Fleming, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise Lars Strömberg (I) Ulf Troedsson, Siemens Marianne Treschow (VII), until 30 June 2016 Adjunct member: Alf Larsen, E.ON Adjunct member: Ellika Olsson Aas, IF Metall Medals Adjunct member: Pernilla Winnhed, Swedenergy The Academy’s Great Gold Medal goes to Professor Dan Brändström Project Manager: Jan Nordling for his outstanding contributions and deep commitment to Swedish and

90 European research and higher education. He is a true humanist and social IVA’s award for scientific journalism – the Hans Bergström Award scientist with a great interest in and commitment to natural sciences, This award was established based on a donation from IVA member engineering and medicine. As a skilled and experienced public official, a Hans Bergström and is to promote a scientific approach in the media. driven and visionary investigator and bold and spirited debater, he has The amount awarded is SEK 100,000. The 2016 award was presented to helped bring about sweeping changes in the way research is funded and journalist Bo Lindquist from SVT’s documentary division. The award was organised. presented to Bo Lindquist at the Assembly of the Academy on 1 June 2016 by IVA Chairman Leif Johansson. In conjunction with the award The Academy’s Gold Medal goes to Marie Ehrling MSc. Eng., D. Eng. h.c., ceremony a seminar was held on the role of journalism in scrutinising the for her great contributions as a leader and her important work on the research world. boards of Swedish companies. She has a modern leadership style and she has handled challenges and promoted change with great integrity. Wallenberg Academy Fellows Wallenberg Academy Fellows is a career programme where the most The Academy’s Gold Medal goes to Professor Magnus Berggren for his promising young researchers in natural sciences, social sciences and the innovative and creative research in organic electronics. He is one of humanities receive resources for long-term development of their work. The the most prominent figures in the field of “electronic paper” and has programme was created by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation in developed ways of enabling electronics, such as sensors and displays, to be close cooperation with five royal academies and sixteen Swedish universi- printed directly on paper and cardboard. In recent years his research has ties. 29 new Wallenberg Academy Fellows were named in 2016. The grants involved biological applications total between SEK 5 and 9 million per researcher over a five-year period.

The Academy’s Gold Medal goes to Professor Lars-Gunnar Mattsson for his key role in developing industrial international marketing as an academic RESPONSES TO PROPOSALS field. Among other things, he has been instrumental in communicating In 2016 IVA commented or expressed an opinion on the following knowledge on practical applications in industry based on his many years of proposals and reports for consideration: experience at Marknadstekniskt Centrum. Ministry for Education and Research Hans Werthén Foundation Report: En rymdstrategi för nytta och tillväxt (SOU 2015:75) In 2016 19 scholarship recipients – ten women and nine men – shared a total of SEK 2,175,000. The funds are primarily to be used for study in Ministry for Education and Research other countries. The recipients will study in the USA, France, Australia, Report: Utvecklad ledning av universitet och högskolor (SOU 2015:92) Finland, Spain, Malaysia, Italy and the United Kingdom. The Foundation was established in 1990 in honour of Hans Werthén PhD for his lifework Ministry of Culture as an engineer and business leader. Report: (SOU 2015:88) Gestaltad livsmiljö

The Thulin Medal Ministry of the Environment and Energy The Royal In 2016 Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA) and European Commission proposal COM(2015) 614/2 to members on the Swedish Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics (FTF) awarded circular economies the Thulin Gold Medal to experienced aeronautical researcher Anders Blom and the Thulin Silver medal to aerospace materials expert Hans Ministry of the Environment and Energy Ansell and fighter pilot and engineer Björn Fehrm. The Thulin Medal is the Report in preparation for guidelines on research and innovation in the highest distinction within the aerospace industry in Sweden. The Swedish energy area for the period 2017–2020 Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics and IVA have appointed winners of the medal every year since 1944. It is awarded to commemorate air- Ministry of Health and Social Affairs craft pioneer Enoch Thulin. The Thulin Medals, in gold, silver and bronze, Restnoteringar av läkemedel S2015/04035/FS are awarded to individuals who have made important contributions to the development of aerospace engineering in Sweden. Ministry of the Environment and Energy Interim report from the Committee on Environmental Objectives King Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anniversary Fund containing proposals for a climate policy framework including long-term The purpose of the Fund is to promote research, technical development climate goals (SOU 2016:21) and enterprise that contributes to the sustainable use of natural resources and the preservation of biodiversity. In 2016 the Fund Ministry of Finance distributed four scholarships of SEK 100,000 and six of SEK 85,000. Report: Beskattning av incitamentsprogram (SOU 2016:23) The candidates are nominated by individuals who are members of IVA and/or active in research and enterprise. The scholarship recipients are Ministry for Education and Research announced on H.M. The King’s birthday and presented at a reception at Report: Trygghet och attraktivitet – en forskarkarriär för framtiden (SOU the Royal Palace. 2016:29)

91 Ministry of the Environment and Energy IVA-M 473: Commemorative Booklet – A tribute to the memory of Interim report from the All Party Committee on Environmental Nanna Svartz (1890–1986), 2016, 60 pages. Objectives with proposals on a climate and air pollution control strategy for Sweden M2016/01735/Kl IVA-M 474: Innovative Environments for Greater Attractiveness – Report from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications 2016, 52 pages. National Board of Housing, Building and Planning report: Byggnaders klimatpåverkan utifrån ett livscykelperspektiv (2015:35) N2015/06783/ IVA-R-series PUB IVA-R 486: Electricity Markets – an international view – An input study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 26 pages. Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications Analysis report from work on producing Sweden’s first national forestry IVA-R 487: University boards – challenges and development potential, IVA programme. N2015/2214/sk project Research Outlook, 2016, 20 pages.

IVA-R 488: Energy Storage – Electricity storage technologies, PUBLICATIONS IVA Electricity Crossroads project, 2016, 24 pages.

IVA-M series IVA-R 489: Electricity Production in Sweden, IVA project Electricity IVA-M 462: Keys to greater attractiveness and competitiveness – Report Crossroads, 2016, 36 pages. from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, 2016, 80 pages. IVA-R 490: Infrastructure – A sector report, IVA project Resource IVA-M 463: Future Electricity Production in Sweden – A project report Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, 24 pages. from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 44 pages. IVA-R 491: Capital Goods – A sector report, IVA project Resource IVA-M 464: Sweden’s Future Electrical Grid, a project report from IVA Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, 28 pages. project Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 56 pages. IVA-R 492: Input Goods – A sector report, IVA project Resource Efficient IVA-M 465: Innovative Environments Improve Attractiveness – Report Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, 24 pages. from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, 2016, 52 pages. IVA-R 493: Food – A sector report, IVA project Resource Efficient IVA-M 466: Resource Efficiency – Policy development for 2025 – A report Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, 36 pages. from the IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Com- petitiveness, 2016, 40 pages. IVA-R 494: Consumer Goods – A sector report, IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, 28 pages. IVA-M 467: Electricity in the Future – Effect on the climate and environ- ment – A project report from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2016, IVA-R 495: Inertia in the energy system – An input study from IVA project 64 pages. Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 20 pages.

IVA-M 468: Resource efficiency – Pathways to 2050 – A report from the IVA-R 496: Sweden’s school results in decline – What do we know? IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitive- Magnus Henrekson & Sebastian Jävervall, 2016, 52 pages. ness, 2016, 52 pages. IVA-R 497: Infrastructure – A sector report from the IVA project IVA-M 469: Resource efficiency – Policy Development Towards 2025 – A Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, report from the IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater 24 pages. Competitiveness, 2016, 42 pages. IVA-R 498: Capital Goods – A sector report from the IVA project IVA-M 470: Electricity in the future – Effect on the climate and environ- Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, ment – A project report from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 28 pages. 36 pages. IVA-R 499: Input Goods – A sector report from the IVA project IVA-M 471: Five Crossroads for Sweden – Synthesis report from IVA Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, Project Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 60 pages. 24 pages.

IVA-M 472: Five Crossroads for Sweden – Synthesis report, IVA Electricity IVA-R 500: Food – A sector report from the IVA project Resource Crossroads project, 2016, 60 pages. Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, 36 pages.

92 IVA MANAGEMENT GROUP

Björn O. Nilsson Magnus Breidne Lars Fog Camilla Koebe Monica Krutmeijer Lotta Thörn Johan Weigelt President VP Projects Property Manager VP Business & Communications Assistant to the President CFO Secretary to the Academy, VP

IVA-R 501: Consumer Products – A sector report from the IVA project ABB Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2016, Atrium Ljungberg 28 pages. Billerud-Korsnäs Confederation of Swedish Enterprise IVA-R 502: Educational performance in Swedish schools is plummeting Energiföretagen Sverige What are the facts? Magnus Henrekson & Sebastian Jävervall, 2016, E.ON 52 pages. Forte Formas IVA-R 503: Overview of how delivery reliability in the electricity market is Fortum being handled in a number of countries – An input study from IVA project Handelsbanken Electricity Crossroads, 2016, 36 pages. Ingvar Kamprad Jernhusen IVA-R 504: Better opportunities for internationalisation of research JM and higher education – IVA project Research Outlook, 2016, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation 28 pages. Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Memorial Foundation Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications Mistra – Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research OMBUDSMAN Nordea Justice of the Supreme Administrative Court Erik Nymansson Preem SCA SEB AUDITORS Stiftelsen ÅForsk Anki Bystedt, appointed by the Government Sveaskog Karl-Olof Hammarkvist (IX) Svenska kraftnät (Sweden’s national grid) Lars-Gunnar Mattsson (VI) Swedbank Peter Ekberg, Authorised Public Accountant Swedegas Jan Palmqvist, Authorised Public Accountant Swedenergy Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions INVESTMENT COMMITTEE Swedish Construction Federation (BI) Chairman: Anne-Marie Pålsson (IX) Swedish Energy Agency Hans Dalborg (IX) Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research Irma Rosenberg (IX) Swedish National Agency for Education Björn O. Nilsson, President of IVA (X) Swedish Transport Administration Lotta Thörn, CFO IVA Sydkraft Södra Teknikföretagen FUNDING FOR IVA’s ACTIVITIES The Hans and Barbara Bergstrom Foundation Implementation of the Academy’s projects is made possible by external The Knowledge Foundation funding. Some of the companies, public authorities and foundations that Tyréns contributed funds in 2016: Vattenfall VINNOVA

93 EMPLOYEES (December 2016) Johanna Theander Björn O. Nilsson, President Elisabet Welinder Monica Krutmeijer, Assistant to the President Sofia Wetterberg

Development office Business and Communications Katarina Mellström Camilla Koebe, Vice President Business and Communications Pelle Isaksson Academy, staff and international Henrik Lagerträd (on parental leave) Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy, Vice President Anna Lindberg Maria Dollhopf Lars Nilsson Ingrid Jansson Robert Nygren Pär Rönnberg Projects Johanna Theander Magnus Breidne, Vice President Projects Jan Westberg Caroline Ankarcrona Samira Zayane Karin Byman Johan Carlstedt Finance, IT and Administration Elin Vinger Elliot Lotta Thörn, CFO Staffan Eriksson Lena Anderson Mats Johnson Sheryhan Benzon Caroline Linden Jakob Bjarnason Hampus Lindh Barbara Eriksson Malin Mohr Sandra Ivarsson Jan Nordling Fredrik Johansson Linda Olsson Marika Thunberg Petersson Johan Persson Diana Wilhelmsson Monica Sannerblom Gustaf Wahlström Property and Conference Centre Martin Wikström Lars Fog, Property Manager Lennart Ohlsson Tekniksprånget and Jobbsprånget Alexandra Ridderstad Wachtmeister, Head of Tekniksprånget IVA Conference Centre and Jobbsprånget Charlotta Svedberg, Conference Director Annie Alström Britta Aulio Linus Brandin Ann Clausson Eva Glaumann Karl-Fredrik Eriksson Tina Hemlin Käcke Anna-Karin Friskopps Mattias Lindberg Robert Komakech Nina Rudbeck Malin Kratz Binette Seck Lisa Wiklund Pady Samenius

© Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 2017 Project Management: Jan Westberg, Gustaf Wahlström P.O. Box 5073 Texts: Lars Nilsson, Pär Rönnberg, Jan Westberg SE-102 42 Stockholm Layout: Pelle Isaksson Tel: +46 (0)8 791 29 00 Printed by: Exakta Fax: +46 (0)8 611 56 23 E-mail: [email protected] Photos: Erik Cronberg, Daniel Roos, Petra Bindel/Folkhem, Cellutech AB, Web: www.iva.se Tomas Bergman, Elin Vinger Elliot, Pär Rönnberg, Tommy Söderlund, Väderstad, Tobias Ohls, Cecilia Molinder, Camilla Koebe, Juliana Yondt/FM ISSN: 1100-5645 Mattsson Mora Group, Ulf Palm, Anna Lindberg, Orf3us, Holger Ellgaard, ISBN: 978-91-7082-948-2 White Arkitekter, Mikael Wallerstedt, Martin Vinger Elliot ANDERS LANSNER PIERRE LAPOINTE HANS JØRGEN LARSEN ALLAN LARSSON CHRISTER LARSSON GUNNAR LARSSON HANS LARSSON KARIN LARSSON KÅRE LARSSON LARS A LARSSON LARS G LARSSON PETER LARSSON STIG LARSSON STIG-GÖRAN LARSSON ULF LARSSON THOMAS LAURELL ERIK LAUTMANN KI JUN LEE YUAN TSEH LEE NILS LEFFLER BO LEHNERT BERTHOLD LEIBINGER MATS LEIJON MARTIN LEIMDÖRFER CAROLA LEMNE GÖSTA LEMNE HANS LEVANDER CHRISTOFER LEYGRAF ANNE L’HUILLIER MOFANG LI JAN OLOF LIDEFELT SVEN LIDIN KLAUS LIESEN BERT LILJA JAN-OLOV LILJENZIN OTTO LIN LOTTA LIND GÖRAN LINDAHL MARCUS LINDAHL LENNART LINDAU ASSAR LINDBECK ANDERS LINDBERG BENGT LINDBERG HANS LINDBERG PER LINDBERG GÖRAN LINDBERGH KERSTIN LINDELL KARL-AXEL LINDEROTH GEORG LINDGREN INGVAR LINDGREN MATS LINDGREN BJÖRN LINDMAN JOHAN LINDMAN LEIF LINDMARK ELISABETH LINDNER ANDERS LINDQUIST EVA LINDQVIST GUNNAR LINDQVIST PER-ARNE LINDQVIST SVANTE LINDQVIST ANDERS LINDROTH BO S LINDSTRÖM KATARINA LINDSTRÖM MIKAEL LINDSTRÖM MÅRTEN LINDSTRÖM TOM LINDSTRÖM PER-ERIK LINDVALL LUDWIK LISZKA ULLA LITZÉN JOHAN LIU LENNART LJUNG LARS LJUNGDAHL KARIN LJUNGSTRÖM SVEN-OLOF LODIN RON LONG ERLING LORENTZEN MARTIN LORENTZON AMORY B. LOVINS QIANG LU VILHJÁLMUR LUDVIKSSON FREDRIK LUNDBERG JAN M LUNDBERG MAGNUS LUNDBERG NICKLAS LUNDBLAD ERIK LUNDGREN NILS LUNDGREN GÖRAN LUNDIN STEFAN LUNDMARK GUDMAR LUNDQVIST PER LUNDQVIST ULF LUNDQVIST MARTIN LUNDSTEDT INGEMAR LUNDSTRÖM STELLAN LUNDSTRÖM LENNART LÜBECK BENGT LÖFKVIST SVEN LÖFQUIST PER LÖTSTEDT MICHAEL G:SON LÖW JAN LÖWSTEDT PER-OLOF LÖÖF GERO MADELUNG DAVID MAGNUSSON TORBJÖRN MAGNUSSON GÖRAN S. MALM JOHAN MALMQUIST MARTIN MALMSTEN EVA MALMSTRÖM JONSSON ROBERT MALPAS KARIN MARKIDES ANDERS MARTIN-LÖF SVERKER MARTIN-LÖF JAN MARTINSSON BO MATTIASSON SVEN MATTISSON LARS-GUNNAR MATTSSON OVE MATTSSON ÖRJAN MATTSSON JOHN MAYO KIRAN MAZUMDAR-SHAW SARA MAZUR SARAH MCPHEE CARVER A MEAD DAG MEJDELL ARNE MELANDER JUDITH MELIN ALAIN MÉRIEUX MIRKA MIKES-LINDBÄCK MILLE MILLNERT FRANÇOIS MIQUEL KRISTINA MJÖRNELL CHRISTINA MOBERG NILSSON CATHARINA MODAHL CAMILLA MODÉER HÅKAN MOGREN PER-ERIK MOHLIN PETER MOLDÉUS PER MOLIN HELMUT MORITZ OSAMU MOTOJIMA INGEMAR MUNDEBO EMILIO MUÑOZ RUIZ EARLL M MURMAN ALEX MYERS EGIL MYKLEBUST JAN-ANDERS MÅNSON OLA MÅNSSON ARNE MÅRTENSSON KAJ MÅRTENSSON YVONNE MÅRTENSSON MART MÄGI ERNA MÖLLER LARS NABSETH TOMOKO M. NAKANISHI VENKATESH NARAYANAMURTI ANDERS NARVINGER JULIUS NATTERER LENA NEIJ ROBERT M NEREM IVARS NERETNIEKS YRJÖ NEUVO KERSTIN NIBLAEUS MARTIN NICKLASSON TOMAS NICOLIN JENS NIELSEN LARS NIELSEN GERT NILSON ANN-MARIE NILSSON BJÖRN O. NILSSON ELISABETH NILSSON HANS NILSSON JÖRGEN NILSSON KRISTINA L NILSSON LARSGUNNAR NILSSON LARS-OLOF NILSSON LEIF NILSSON NILS J. NILSSON OLLE NILSSON AINA NILSSON STRÖM SVEN-CHRISTER NILSSON ANNA NILSSON VINDEFJÄRD ANNA NILSSON-EHLE STEN NORDBERG BENGT NORDÉN WILLIAM D NORDHAUS BENGT NORDIN STIG NORDQVIST ANDERS NORDSTRAND LARS E NORDSTRÖM LARS G NORDSTRÖM MARGARETA NORELL BERGENDAHL SUSANNE NORGREN TORBJÖRN NORIN MALCOLM NORLIN BO NORMARK STAFFAN NORMARK HANS NORRSTRÖM CURT NORSTEDT CHRISTER NORSTRÖM ALASTAIR NORTH ANETTE NOVAK LARS NYBERG THORSTEN NYBOM LARS NYBORG JONAS NYCANDER EVA NYGREN JAN NYGREN PETER NYGÅRDS CARL-ERIK NYQUIST ORVAR NYQUIST ANDERS NYRÉN STAFFAN NÄSSTRÖM BØRGE OBEL AGNETA ODÉN BJÖRN ODLANDER RAGNAR OHLSON LENNART OHLSSON JORMA OLLILA JAN OLLNER HANS OLOFSSON MAGNUS OLOFSSON GREGORY B. OLSON CURT G OLSSON HANS-OLOV OLSSON OLLE OLSSON ULF OLSSON ULF OLSSON LENA OLVING ROBERT ONSANDER VYTAUTAS OSTASEVICIUS LARS OTTOSON JAN-OVE PALMBERG BENGT PALMÉR INGEGERD PALMÉR JUNI PALMGREN DATTATRAY PARASNIS BORIS PATON JOSEPH PAULRAJ AROGYASWAMI IMRE PÁZSIT BERTIL PEKKARI VIRGIL PERCEC GÖRAN A PERSSON JAN-CRISTER PERSSON LARS PERSSON LENNART PERSSON MALIN PERSSON MATS PERSSON MICHAEL, E PERSSON NILS-GÖRAN PERSSON OLOF PERSSON STEFAN PERSSON TORSTEN PERSSON INGRID PETERSSON PER-ERIK PETERSSON HENRI PIATIER GIORGIO PICCI MARIE-PAULE PILENI BYRON PIPES BERND PISCHETSRIEDER MARIA POPPEN WIKLANDER MICHAEL PORTER WILLIAM POWERS ANNE-MARIE PÅLSSON SVANTE PÄÄBO MARIAN RADETZKI LARS RAMQVIST KARL-GUSTAV RAMSTRÖM MARIA RANKKA JUHA RANTANEN ANDERS RANTZER ANDERS RASMUSON JØRGEN RASSING HANS RAUSING LAURE REINHART MAGNUS RENÉ BIRGITTA RESVIK RUDOLF RIGLER MATS G RINGESTEN ARNE RISBERG ROBERT O. RITCHIE HANS ROBERTSON JOHAN ROCKSTRÖM ASBJØRN ROLSTADÅS GÖRAN ROOS CARL WILHELM ROS SUNE ROSELL BJÖRN ROSÉN IRMA ROSENBERG LARS-GÖRAN ROSENGREN JENS ROSTRUP-NIELSEN DAVID ROWCLIFFE ELLIS RUBINSTEIN EVA RUDBERG NILS RYDBECK BENGT RYDÉN BO RYDIN HANNU RYÖPPÖNEN LENNART RÅDSTRÖM KARIN RÖDING AULIS SAARINEN PAUL SAFFO KARL-ERIK SAHLBERG KERSTIN SAHLIN MAURITZ SAHLIN ELISABET SALANDER BJÖRKLUND AVELINO SAMARTIN LARS SAMUELSON ANN-SOFIE SANDBERG GÖRAN SANDBERG HANS SANDBERG JOHN SANDBLOM ANNA SANDER ÅKE SANDER ERIK SANDEWALL MADELENE SANDSTRÖM ROLF SANDSTRÖM PIA SANDVIK PHILIPPE SANSONETTI BJÖRN SAVÉN ANDERS SCHARP CECILIA SCHELIN SEIDEGÅRD DAVID SCHINDLER ROLAND W. SCHMITT MARIE SCHREWELIUS ARWIDSON PETER SCHURTENBERGER JAN-ÅKE SCHWEITZ LOUIS SCHWEITZER JOHAN SCHÜCK NILS-HERMAN SCHÖÖN BAL RAJ SEHGAL ULRICH SEIFFERT YASUJI SEKINE SACHIO SEMMOTO ERIK SERRANO HOMI SETHNA EUGENE SHCHUKIN DAN SHECHTMAN JOHAN SIBERG HANS SIEVERTSSON DAG SIGURD OZIRES SILVA KERSTIN SIRVELL RUNE SIRVELL ANDERS SJÖBERG BERNDT SJÖBERG LENNART SJÖBERG SÖREN SJÖLANDER CHRISTER SJÖLIN LARS SJÖSTEDT SVEN-ERIK SJÖSTRAND ROLF SKOGLUND MAGNUS SKOGLUNDH HARALD SKOGMAN INGRID SKOGSMO KENTH SKOGSVIK HANS SKOOG ROLF SKÅR SARA SNOGERUP LINSE MICHAEL SOHLMAN EVELYN SOKOLOWSKI JIAN SONG METE SOZEN JAN-OLOF SPERLE ERICH SPITZ BJÖRN SPRÄNGARE LOTHAR SPÄTH YNGVE STADE KARI STADIGH ANITRA STEEN LARS STEHN STIG STENDAHL ERIK STENEROTH URBAN STENHEDE PER STENIUS BENGT STENLUND ANNIKA STENSSON TRIGELL PER STENSTRÖM OLOV STERNER JOHAN STERTE HÅKAN STILLE HELENA STJERNHOLM PETER STOICA MARCUS STORCH PER STORM KJELL STRANDBERG LARS STRANNEGÅRD HANS STRÅBERG LARS STRÖMBERG PER STRÖMBERG MARIA STRÖMME DAG STRÖMQVIST LARS STUGEMO BENGT STYMNE JAN-ERIC STÅHL STEFAN STÅHL PYO SUH NAM CARL JOHAN SUNDBERG KAJSA SUNDBERG BIRGITTA SUNDBLAD JAN-ERIC SUNDGREN BO SUNDQVIST ANDERS SUNDSTRÖM SUBRA SURESH WOJCIECH SUWALA HELENE SVAHN CARL-HENRIC SVANBERG SUNE SVANBERG BJÖRN SVEDBERG GUNNAR SVEDBERG TORD SVEDBERG BIRGITTA SWEDENBORG MATS SVEGFORS CHRISTER SVENSSON JONAS SVENSSON SVANTE SVENSSON ÅKE SVENSSON ARNOLD LEE SWINDLEHURST JAN SVÄRD RIKARD SÖDERBERG STAFFAN SÖDERBERG ULF SÖDERGREN PATRIK SÖDERHOLM HANS TSON SÖDERSTRÖM ÅSA SÖDERSTRÖM JERRING JOHAN SÖDERSTRÖM SVERKER SÖRLIN HÅKAN SÖRMAN CHRISTOFFER TAXELL TUULA TEERI GREG TEGART MICHAEL TENDLER CHRISTINA TENFÄLT BJÖRN TENGROTH HENRIK TENGSTRAND JAN TENGZELIUS PÁL TÉTÉNYI CLAES THEGERSTRÖM DIRK THOENES HANS THOMANN BERTIL THORNGREN TOMAS THORVALDSSON LARS H THUNELL HENRIK THUNMAN LARS THYLÉN FREDRIK TIBERG ANNE-MARIE TILLMAN AZUSA TOMIURA JAN TORIN ANNA-KARIN TORNBERG LINUS TORVALDS HAMADOUN I. TOURÉ MARIANNE TRESCHOW MICHAEL TRESCHOW LENA TRESCHOW TORELL STEN TROLLE JAMES TRUCHARD STAFFAN TRUVÉ GÖRAN TUNHAMMAR ANTHONY TURNER KYÖSTI TUUTTI MARGARETA TÖRNQVIST VILMOS TÖRÖK JAN UDDENFELDT INGRID UDÉN MOGENSEN MATHIAS UHLÉN BJÖRN UHRENIUS ANDERS ULFVARSON ANDERS ULLBERG CHRISTINA ULLENIUS ANDERS ULLMAN SVEN ULLRING JONAS UNGER JAAK URMI HEINRICH URSPRUNG GABRIEL URWITZ JAMES UTTERBACK ULF WAHLBERG BJÖRN WAHLROOS JANE WALERUD ANDERS WALL HARRIET WALLBERG JACOB WALLENBERG PETER WALLENBERG JR MARCUS WALLENBERG MARY WALSHOK ANNA VALTONEN ALEXANDRA WALUSZEWSKI HENDRIK VAN BRUSSEL CEES VAN LEDE MARC VAN MONTAGU YU-ZHU WANG NILS-GÖSTA VANNERBERG CHRISTER WANNHEDEN ANNA WEDELL ANDERS VEDIN BENGT-ARNE VEDIN PER-OLOF WEDIN PÄR WEIHED PETER WEISS SVEN WEJDLING EVGENY VELIKHOV HÅKAN WENNERSTRÖM DAN WERBIN ANDERS WERME GUNNAR WESSMAN JÖRGEN VESSMAN HEIJE WESTBERG ULF WESTBERG MARGARETA WESTER LARS WESTERBERG BARBRO WESTERHOLM PER-HÅKAN WESTIN HÅKAN WESTLING PER WESTLUND ALBERT WESTWOOD GUNNAR WETTERBERG JAMES A WEYHENMEYER CLAUS WEYRICH STEFAN WIDEGREN JERKER WIDENGREN EVA WIGREN HANS WIGZELL CLAS WIHLBORG HANS WIJERS OLLE WIJK JAN WIKANDER STEN WIKANDER ÖRJAN WIKFORSS GÖSTA VIKING MARTIN WIKLUND SOLVEIG WIKSTRÖM ÅKE WIKSTRÖM JURGIS VILEMAS ANNE MARIE WILHELMSEN CLAES WILHELMSSON ANDERS VINBERG GERT WINGÅRDH GREGORY WINTER HERBERT WIRTH JONAS WISTRÖM ARNE WITTLÖV HENNING WITTMEYER CLAES WOHLIN LARS WOHLIN SVANTE WOLD ROLF WOLFF BJÖRN WOLRATH ALEXANDER VON GABAIN GUNNAR VON HEIJNE HANS VON UTHMANN TOM VON WEYMARN EUGENE WONG JOHAN WOXENIUS JISONG WU SIEGFRIED ZHIQIANG WU MATTI VUORIA LARS WÅGBERG PETER WÅLLBERG TORGNY WÄNNSTRÖM GUANHUA XU KUANGDI XU RONGLIE XU HAJIME YAMASHINA SHUNPEI YAMAZAKI JUHA YLÄ-JÄÄSKI ANDERS YNNERMAN NAOYA YODA HIROYUKI YOSHIKAWA GERMAN ZAGAINOV IVO ZANDER JENS ZANDER UDO ZANDER RICHARD NEIL ZARE NIKLAS ZENNSTRÖM LARS H ZETTERBERG JI ZHOU INGEGERD ÅGREN JOHN ÅGREN PÄR ÅHLSTRÖM ANNIKA ÅHNBERG BENGT ÅKESSON KARL-ERIK ÅRZÉN SUSANNE ÅS SIVBORG CHRISTER ÅSLUND NILS ÅSLUND LARS ÅSTRAND JAN ÅSTRÖM KARL JOHAN ÅSTRÖM ÅKE ÖBERG HALLVARD ØDEGAARD IVAN ÖFVERHOLM LARS ÖJEFORS PER ANDERS ÖRTENDAHL GUSTAF ÖSTBERG JERRY ÖSTER LEIF ÖSTLING LARS ÖSTMAN 96