Historia Del Oi

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Historia Del Oi Historia del oi Por: V. Marchi Tomado de: "Skin and Red" Esta es la historia del Oi!, el movimiento juvenil mas odiado, explotado e incomprendido de nuestro tiempo: asi comienza "The Story of Oi!", de Garry Johnson, uno de los analisis mas lucidos y apropiados jamas publicados del Oi! Movement. Por que "odiado, explotado e incomprendido"? Porque, como ya había sucedido con Sham 69 en los annos 1978-79, grupos ciertamente no fascistas aun venian siendo seguidos por sectores juveniles simpatizantes del National Front y de otras organizaciones neofascistas britanicas. Pero, al contrario de lo que había pasado con el real punk, que ciertamente no habia sido considerado por esto un movimiento de extrema derecha, el Oi! se halla al centro de una verdadera campanna de desinformacion, que acabara por sepultarlo bajo la infame etiqueta de "musica para nazis". Paradojicamente, en el curso de los annos de oro del Oi! -mas o menos de 1980 a 1982- la presencia fascista en los conciertos estaba fuertemente disminuida en relacion con los tiempos de Sham 69: pero esta es la vida real, y aquí hablamos de otra cosa Por que, nos preguntamos, tanto encarnizamiento contra este particular filon del punk, esta escena en la cual skinheads punkizados y punks skinheadizados gritan la propia rabia frecuentemente apolitica, aun mas frecuentemente provocadora, siempre gozosamente plebeya? Porque -responde Johnson- el Oi! es demasiado real para "ellos". Los espanta porque no pueden transformarlo en un suplemento del "Sunday", botarlo a la basura El Oi! es lo que el punk era en sus inicios: la musica de la clase obrera tocada por grupos de la clase obrera para jovenes de la clase obrera recordar la "voz del 78": No Seguir a Ningun Lider!. La respuesta de Garry Johnson puede en definitiva resumirse en un solo termino: "irreductibilidad", una sumatoria del radicalismo antiburgues skinhead y de la rebelion social punk que vuelve al movimiento Oi! portador de un antagonismo absoluto, precisamente "irreductible", enfrentado a todo el sistema de los valores y las reglas elaboradas por la clase dirigente, y que es negado a traves de una campanna de demonizacion no sobre lo que es, sino sobre lo que deberia ser para merecer un trato parecido. La escena Oi!, en el momento en que resulta envuelta en una verdadera epidemia de Moral Panic, ya ha liquidado cuentas con la extrema derecha: la esperanza de la "unidad de todos los muchachos", invocada por Jimmy Pursey ha dado paso a una vision realista de lo que viene sobre la escena musical real punk: de un lado el movimiento Oi! y su publico de jovenes malhechores (apolíticos o de izquierda), de otro lado los grupos de matriz punk-skin claramente derechista -entre ellos Skrewdriver, Elite, Brutal Attack- y su publico de jovenes malhechores (apolíticos o de derecha). Todo es, en esa epoca, todavia confuso pero ya definido: confuso para quienes observan desde fuera, definido para quienes viven dentro. El termino Oi!, que proviene de la interjeccion agresiva típicamente cockney "Hoi, you!" ("hey, tu!"), viene siendo utilizado para indicar un filon musical preciso a partir de la primavera de 1981 en la revista musical "Sounds": el periodista musical Garry Bushell, quien le dedica una serie de artículos e iniciativas (y despues una serie de recopilaciones) bautiza con este nombre al nuevo movimiento, un filon específico del real punk, con una filiacion directa de las tematicas expresadas por Sham 69, que habian tomado cuerpo ultimamente en bandas como Cockney Rejects, 4-Skins, Last Resort, Business, y Angelic Upstarts. Si debieramos desarrollar un proceso al nivel de la "politically correctness" del movimiento Oi! y se le confiara a una corte y un jurado formado por las figuras preponderantes en la izquierda inglesa -el estudiante mid-class, el militante laborista o el revolucionario modelo SWP- el veredicto sería probablemente despiadado: en los temas del Oi! soplan vientos de abierto sexismo, se instiga continuamente a la violencia, se trata con desprecio a los "hijos de papi" y sus enfados contraculturales; aqui y alla aparecen vetas homofobicas, se alaba tal vez demasiado -para el gusto de una izquierda mas cosmopolita que realmente internacionalista- la Union Jack y la propia "britanicidad". Todos estos elementos ya aparecen en el punk -no olvidemos un grupo como The Jam y su costumbre de tocar en los conciertos con una enorme Union Jack a sus espaldas- y no habían suscitado ninguna alarma específica de la izquierda. No obstante, basta dedicar un anthem patriotico a la tierra propia, "England", y afirmar que los fascistas se han apropiado de un símbolo que no les pertenece. Yo se lo quiero quitar, como hace Thomas "Mensi" Mensforth, lider indiscutible de Angelic Upstarts, para ser etiquetado por la izquierda como políticamente ambiguo. Y paciencia si durante ese tiempo Mensi participa en las iniciativas de Rock Against Racism, figura entre los fundadores del grupo Skins Against Nazis y dedica el album "2.000.000 Voices" al líder sindical de los mineros en huelga, Arthur Scargill. En este contexto de paranoia, a los nazis les basta poco para sembrar la duda y recoger consensos: basta apropiarse de una foto de Mensi envuelto en la Union Jack y publicarla, sin el saberlo, obviamente, en su "Bulldog", el boletín del Young National Front, para suscitar sospechas y llamados al linchamiento. Un perfecto ejemplo de como el movimiento Oi! se movia en una atmosfera de perpetuo Moral Panic es dada por las desafortunadas vicisitudes de la segunda recopilacion Oi!, "Strenght Thru Oi!". Despues del discreto exito logrado por la primera recopilacion "Oi! The Album" (con canciones entre otros de Cock Sparrer, Exploited, 4-Skins y Cockney Rejects) fue producida una segunda recopilacion que, en pleno clima de burla punk, retomaba el lema nazi "Strenght Throught Joy" ("La fuerza a traves de la alegria"). Casi todos los grupos presentes en la recoleccion adherían a organizaciones antirracistas, muchas habían tocado en iniciativas de Rock Against Racism, o bien habían organizado sus propios conciertos antirracistas. No obstante, una ligereza de los realizadores del album desencadena sobre la iniciativa la ira de toda la izquierda y, sobra decirlo, la atencion de los medios masivos de comunicacion: segun George Marshall, en la portada del album debería aparecer un culturista, Carlto Leech, cuya fotografía, sin embargo, no se encontro. Entonces, en el ultimo momento, con el afan y el desorden administrativo tipico de las pequennas producciones, fue escogido el primer skin medianamente atletico que pasaba en aquel momento por la calle: el skin acepta, y la segunda recopilacion Oi! -ya marcada por un tí tulo que podia crear malentendidos políticos- se halla en la portada, de pecho desnudo y en posicion de combate, con el bonehead Nicholas Crane, activista del British Movement en Kent, luego detenido por un intento de homicidio con trasfondo racial. El disco fue retirado de los negocios y redistribuido con una caratula distinta, pero cuando el caso llego a las atentas orejas de los medios de comunicacion, estalla obviamente el desastre. En el caso de los conciertos Oi! no solo el publico parecia, entonces, casi totalmente privado de fascistas, sino que se registra ademas la presencia de jovenes de origen asiatico y caribenno. Pero incluso esto no basta: a los grupos Oi! se les imputa que alababan la violencia futbolística (Cierto! Basta pensar, entre las mas famosas, en "War on the Terraces", "We are the Firm", "I'm forever blowing bubbles" de Cockney Rejects y "Resort Boot Boys" de Last Resort), la violencia contra las instituciones (Muy cierto! Citar tambien solo las canciones mas significativas es imposible en este espacio, basta con la explícita "A.C.A.B." -"All Cops Are Bastards" -de 4-Skins y "Police Oppression" de Angelic Upstarts), un sexismo abiertamente lumpen (Piedad! Ahorremonos una discografia oceanica), pero no es posible encontrar una sola cancion Oi! que pueda ser acusada de transmitir mensajes racistas o reminiscentes de consignas específicas de la extrema derecha. Las mismas declaraciones de miembros de varias Oi! bands contradicen abiertamente la acusacion de fascismo lanzada por una improbable pareja: prensa burguesa y "prensa militante". Cierto, el nivel de conocimiento politico resulta casi nulo, pero queda el hecho de que los 4-Skins subrayaron muchas veces su apoliticidad, los Last Resort y los Angelic Upstarts se definieron como "socialistas old style", los Blaggers y los Oppressed estan abiertamente alineados a la izquierda. En "Victory To The ANC It's Up To You", los Blaggers cantan: Abajo en la ciudad donde el ghetto crece/ en la jungla de cemento el miedo se multiplica/ Por todas partes rabia y frustracion/ Ojos de fusil de caza lanzan miradas mortales/ Y con el tiempo, vienen a agarrarte/ Y con el tiempo, te toca a ti/ Sadicos racistas de uniforme/ Piensan poder conquistar la ciudad/ La sutil linea azul quiere apoderarse de la calle/ Pero los muchachos del ghetto no veran la derrota. Aun mas "minimalista", pero siempre abiertamente alineado a la izquierda, aparece el líder de los galeses Oppressed, Roddy Moreno, quien funda en 1985 la seccion britanica del SHARP ("Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice"), red internacional de skins comprometidos en el frente del antirracismo y fundada en Estados Unidos el anno anterior. Confrontando los textos no se registra ninguna diferencia sustancial entre grupos como Oppressed y Angelic Upstarts, abiertamente alineados a la izquierda, y grupos como 4-Skins y Last Resort, destinados
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