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Irish in Australia THE IRISH IN AUSTRALIA. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. AN AUSTRALIAN CHRISTMAS COLLECTIONt A Series of Colonial Stories, Sketches , and Literary Essays. 203 pages , handsomely bound in green and gold. Price Five Shillings. A VERYpleasant and entertaining book has reached us from Melbourne. The- author, Mr. J. F. Hogan, is a young Irish-Australian , who, if we are to judge- from the captivating style of the present work, has a brilliant future before him. Mr. Hogan is well known in the literary and Catholic circles of the Australian Colonies, and we sincerely trust that the volume before us will have the effect of making him known to the Irish people at home and in America . Under the title of " An Australian Christmas Collection ," Mr. Hogan has republished a series of fugitive writings which he had previously contributed to Australian periodicals, and which have won for the author a high place in the literary world of the. Southern hemisphere . Some of the papers deal with Irish and Catholic subjects. They are written in a racy and elegant style, and contain an amount of highly nteresting matter relative to our co-religionists and fellow -countrymen under the Southern Cross. A few papers deal with inter -Colonial politics , and we think that home readers will find these even more entertaining than those which deal more. immediately with the Irish element. We have quoted sufficiently from this charming book to show its merits. Our readers will soon bear of Mr. Hogan again , for he has in preparation a work on the "Irish in Australia," which, we are confident , will prove very interesting to the Irish people in every land. We know too little about the fortunes of our. countrymen abroad. We are, unhappily , so engrossed in the mighty struggle which we are waging with wrong and oppression that we sometimes forget to think of those whom the fortunes of the strife sent forth from our shores, and anything which helps to foster that spirit of union, which is so characteristic of the Ireland of the present day, ought to be received as a boon for which we could not be too grateful. We must not forget , too, how nobly the Australian Irish have stood by us in the present struggle , and that time and distance have but strengthened their love and devotion to the land of their forefathers. In con- clusion, we feel great pleasure in acknowledging how much credit is due to, Mr. Hogan for devoting abilities of great promise to cement the union existing between Ireland and her exiled children in Australia. The Nation, Dublin, February ig, 1887. WARD & DOWNEY, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. ALEX. McKINLEY & CO., MELBOURNE & SYDNEY. TH E IRI SH IN AUSTRALIA. BY JAMES FRANCIS HOGAN. tonbon : WARD & DOWNEY, 12, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1887. [All Rights Reserved.] PRINTED BY KELLY AND CO., GATE STREET. LINCOLN S INN FIELDS, W.C. AND MIDDLE MILL, KINGSTON-ON-TIIADIES. PREFACE. IT is now some five years since I conceived the idea of writing a history of my fellow-countrymen in Australasia, but it was only within the last year or two that I could find sufficient time to make any material progress with the undertaking, although I had been collecting the materials for some period in advance. To all those old Irish colonists, to whom I applied for general reminis- cences or specific information, and who very kindly, readily, and fully complied with my request, I am deeply indebted for a variety of interesting details concerning the events of the early days that were not otherwise obtain- able. Written for the most part in Melbourne, the work was subjected to a thorough revision during my `recent three weeks' voyage across the Pacific from Sydney to San Francisco, and the seven days on the Atlantic between New York and Liverpool. We are now at the close of the first century of colonisation in Australia, and the time is therefore opportune for an estimate of the influence exercised by the Irish element of the population on the remarkable growth and development of the Greater Britain of the South. Having lived in Australia from childhood, I have endeavoured, not I hope without some success, to present in this volume a faithful panorama of Irish life, Irish history, and Irish achievements in the land I know and love so well. J. F. HOGAN. LONDON, October 5th, 1887. This is a blank page CONTENTS. CHAP. I"AGE I.-A SURVEY OF THE SOUTH 1 U.-GREATER BRITAIN'S METROPOLIS 18 III.-TILE STORY OF BURKE AND WILLS 45 IV.-A BIRTHPLACE OF FREEDOM 57 V.-A GOLDEN CITY . 88• VI.--A FEw IRISH CENTRES 100 VII.-IRISH IMMIGRANTS IN THE CJLONIES 130 VIII.-THE VOYAGE OF THE " ERIN-GO-BRAGII " 155 IX.-THE MOTHER OF THE AUSTRALIAS 179 X. -FOUR OF THE FAMILY . 195 XI.-THE CHURCH IN THE COLONIES 225 XII.-A GROUP OF STATESMEN 265 XIII.-NOTABLE IRISH-AUSTRALIANS 303 XIV.-LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND ART 328 XV.--IRISH-AUSTRALIAN CHARACTERISTICS 341 This is a blank page THE IRISH IN AUSTRXLIA, 0 CHAPTER I. A SURVEY OF THE SOUTH. A NEW IRELAND IN AUSTRALIA-TWO STREAMS OF EMIGRATION-HOME RULE IN THE COLONIES-FOUR IRISH SPEAKERS-SUCCESSES OF IRISH- AUSTRALIANS IN SEVERAL SPHERES-FRATERNAL SYMPATHY WITH THE IRISH AT HOME-HISTORY OF COLONIZATION-BUCKLEY, "THE WILD WHITE MAN "-SIR RICHARD BOURKE, BEST OF COLONIAL GOVERNORS- THE AGITATION FOR HOME RULE IN VICTORIA-DISCOVERY OF GOLD- THE IRISH ARMY OF DIGGERS-COLONIAL PROGRESS. 91A NEW Ireland in America " is a familiar phrase to Celtic and Saxon ears, but a "New Ireland in Australia" will perhaps be a rather novel expression to many. Yet the words in the latter case convey the idea of an accomplished fact, equally as well as in the former. For more than thirty years two great streams of emigration have been flowing from Ireland, the larger shaping its course across the Atlantic and discharging its human freight on the shores of the Great Republic of the West, the smaller in volume turning to the South, and, after traversing half the circum- ference of the globe, striking against the sunny shores of Australia. As a consequence of the comparative proximity of America to the Old World, no difficulty whatever has been experienced in arriving at a true estimate of the position and prospects of the Irish transplanted to the West. Friends and foes alike have been enabled to closely follow their I 2 THE IRISII IN AUSTRALIA. movements, to study their mode of life under altered con- ditions, to ascertain the opinion held respecting them by people of other nationalities, and to determine whether or not the virtues characteristic of the old land flourish on the soil of the new. And splendidly have the Irish- Americans as a body borne this crucial test. Not on the authority of friendly critics alone, but many foes of his faith and fatherland have been forced to acknowledge the genuine worth of the typical Irish-American. They have given, perhaps unwillingly, the most conclusive testimony to his value as a citizen, his fidelity as a husband, his devotion as a father, and though last, not least, this loyalty as a Catholic. The Irish at home are proud to know, from the mouths of independent and even hostile witnesses, that though a stormy ocean separates their exiled brethren from the land of their affections, they are still as Irish in heart and feeling as ever ; they still cherish the memories of the historic past, and their aspirations for national unity and local self-govern- ment are only intensified by distance. The poor persecuted peasant, whom, with weak wife and helpless family, a brutal landlord or pitiless agent has evicted in the depth of winter from the hallowed home of his ancestors, is traced across the Atlantic, followed into a newly-settled district and there discovered- a respected resident, a good neighbour, and, very often, an independent man. The ardent young patriot, who employs his talents in the cause of his country's freedom, and pays the orthodox penalty' for loving one's country " not wisely but too well by a compulsory residence for a season amongst convicted criminals, is seen receiving a cordial welcome on landing in the Empire City, and soon his name is referred to as being the occupant of a distinguished and honourable position, won by the exercise of those abilities for A SURVEY OF THE SOUTH. 3 which no scope existed in the land of his birth. And it has been a source of surprise to the host of individuals, whose knowledge of Ireland is confihed to what they read in partisan books and newspapers, to find that the people, who when in their native land were described as senseless rioters and incorrigible landlord-shooters, are conspicuous in America for their quiet behaviour and respect for law and order. These facts have come out in the published evidence of foreign tourists in America, and are a splendid testimonial to the noble ingredients of the Irish character when developed under free and favourable conditions. , But, whilst the western Irish exodus has formed the subject of much European investigation, the southern branch of the great emigration stream has not been traced and examined with the same attention. The reasons are obvious. It is only of late years that the Australian colonies have completely recovered from the delirium of the gold fever, and have begun to assume the recognised aspect of settled com- munities. Hitherto, it would have been unsafe to describe the evidences of possibly fleeting appearances as facts indica- tive of the future, or to draw elaborate conclusions in the absence of substantial information.
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