DOCSLIB.ORG

The Church Act

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Church Act: The expansion of Christianity or the imposition of moral enlightenment? David Stoneman A Thesis submitted as fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of New England, Australia, 2011. Abstract The Church Act (1836) redefined and reinvigorated the religious environment in the emerging British colony of New South Wales, which profoundly impacted on its social and political development in a period of rapid population growth. It was a popular measure that has seen Governor Richard Bourke, its principal architect, be remembered as a provider of religious freedom. The simple motivation of the Act to expand Christianity and therefore morality has been complicated by the assertion that it assisted the expansion of a ‘new faith’ called moral enlightenment. This changes the implication of the Act and redefines the motives of the people responsible for its introduction, especially Bourke, by assuming that secular Enlightenment principles overrode Christian objectives. This has provided an ideological superstructure that has been used by some nationalist historians to present a picture of New South Wales colonial life that was fundamentally irreligious verging on atheistic. This has served to diminish the importance of religious thought and belief in the early development of Australia. This thesis argues that the Church Act was conceived to counter various forms of alternative belief and synchronised Christianity, ranging from plebeian ‘folk religion’ to heterodoxical, intellectual Protestantism. It encouraged orthodox Christianity by financially supporting the denominations that had cultural as well as spiritual connections to the majority of the population. The thesis concludes that the Church Act should be categorised as being a product of the ‘Age of Atonement’ not the imposition of moral enlightenment. i Disclaimer I ce11ify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being cu1Tently submitted for any other degrees. I certify that to the best of knowledge, any help received in preparing this thesis, and all the sources used, have been acknowledged in the thesis. David Stoneman April 2011 II Contents Abstract i Disclaimer ii Abbreviations iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 Chapter 1: The Church Act as part of the British religious reform process 37 of the 1820s and 1830s Chapter 2: Richard Bourke: for the honour of God and the good of man 59 Chapter 3: William Broughton and Anglican Ascendency 98 Chapter 4: The rise of Catholicism in colonial New South Wales 133 Chapter 5: J. D. Lang and rights of Scottish Presbyterians 166 Chapter 6: The Colonial Office and the approval of the Church Act 187 Chapter 7: The case against moral enlightenment 217 Chapter 8: The moral question: convicts, emigrants and perceptions of 261 respectability Chapter 9: Morality as a product of Christian society 291 Conclusion 336 Bibliography 326 iii Abbreviations BPP British Parliamentary Papers. HRA Historical Records of Australia. CO Colonial Office documents. M.L. Mitchell Library. M.C. Moore College Library. S.G. Sydney Gazette. S.H. Sydney Herald. V&P Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Council of NSW. In the course of the thesis the Anglican Church is often capitalised as the Church, while the Catholic Church and Church of Scotland are always specified. Dissenters and Nonconformists are interchangeable terms used to signify non-established Protestant churches. The word Evangelical is used to broadly represent both the Evangelical faction of the Anglican Church and that section of belief found in Dissent and the Church of Scotland. In some cases the word will be used in lower case to describe those who focused on evangelism in their Christianity. iv Acknowledgements I would like to thank the University of New England for their confidence in awarding me an Australian Postgraduate Award. The long-standing commitment of the University’s School of Humanities to Australian colonial and British history has been significant for a generation of young and not so young historians. The fruit of this commitment is still maturing. Dr David Andrew Roberts has supervised and provided a scholarly critique for both my honours thesis and this Ph.D. Both works have benefited from his encyclopaedic knowledge of Australian colonial history and his ability to keep me on track. Dr Richard Scully has also given an intellectual assessment of the areas of British and European history that I have dared to explore. Dr Erin Ihde and Associate Professor Jennifer Clark have generously dedicated time to the development of my ideas. Their enthusiastic endorsement and on-going encouragement was greatly appreciated. I also thank the staff of the State Library of New South Wales, Moore College Library, Fryer Library and the Dixon Library for their help in accessing their collections. Professors Alan Atkinson and David Kent inspired many of the ideas explored in this thesis in my undergraduate years. Dr Rob Knowles was also a mentor at this time and encouraged me to pursue my academic dreams. v On the statue of Richard Bourke outside the Mitchell Library in Sydney are the words, ‘he established religious equality on a just and firm basis’. The statue was paid for out of a public subscription of £2500 mostly donated in the first week after Bourke’s departure in December 1837. The donations came from a wide section of society including hundreds of poorer people.1 It is the only statue of a colonial governor built from donations. Bourke’s supporters undoubtedly considered religious equality as a significant and valuable reform. 1 Max Waugh, Forgotten Hero: Richard Bourke, Irish Governor of New South Wales, 1831- 1837, Melbourne, 2005, pp. xvi, 165. vi Introduction In July 1836 Governor Richard Bourke laid before the New South Wales Legislative Council ‘An act to promote the Building of Churches and Chapels and to provide for the maintenance of Ministers of Religion in New South Wales’, commonly referred to as the Church Act.1 Bourke informed the Colonial Office that ‘It met with no opposition in the Council’ and that ‘the measure meets with the sincere and grateful acquiescence of all classes of the Community’.2 The Church Act committed the colony to fund from general revenue the expansion of religion. A £1000 grant for the erection of churches and dwellings for the clergy was provided if a subscription of £300 could be raised. The government also committed to pay the minister a yearly stipend of £100 for a congregation of 100 people, £150 for 200, and £200 for over 500 people. Applications for funding required a list of people declaring their intention to attend the church. It was an initiative that redefined the relationship of the churches to the state by initially expanding aid to the Church of England, Church of Scotland and Roman Catholics, and later to the Wesleyan Methodists.3 Australian settlement possessed an intrinsic religious aspect. Britain was not a secular state at the time. The monarch was head of both the established Church and state, and Parliament was responsible for the superintendence of both. The penal colony was established and governed in the context of this fusion of Church and state. Therefore, because the settlement of Australia did not recognise any other existing forms of government, kingdom or religion in the new land, it could be argued that the Church of England was by its position established in the British settlement. J. S. Gregory believed there was no official statement to this effect because it was too 1 7 William IV, No. 3. There were two accompanying acts that dealt with the Anglicans and Presbyterians organisationally, which will be evaluated in later chapters. 2 Bourke to Glenelg, 14 September 1836, HRA, 1, XVIII, p. 535. 3 To provide some context to these figures, the minimum stipend of £100 was more than the wages of the most elite workers, such as blacksmiths, carpenters and stonemasons, and three times the wages of some labourers. As well, ministers would expect additional income from clerical fees, pew rents, donations and education work. The grant of £1000 could easily provide a reasonable church building. This demonstrates the generosity of the provisions, and the unbiased fashion in which it was allocated began a new era in New South Wales Christianity. 1 obvious to require it.4 The Colonial Acts, 24 Geo. III c.56 (1784) and 27 Geo. III c.2 (1785) provided the basis for a military penal settlement with the governor given the authority of a military command. In this period the Church was considered an official chaplaincy to the settlement, and Richard Johnson was given the commission as the ‘Chaplain of the Territory of New South Wales’. All state-funded chaplains worked under the same commission until 1823 when an Archdeacon was appointed.5 There was also a lay ministry, as well as independent missionary activities arising from the colony’s interaction with the work of the London Missionary Society in the South Pacific.6 In the 1820s, a Legislative Council was instituted in New South Wales to assist the governor in administering the colony. Francis Forbes arrived as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Thomas Hobbes Scott was appointed to the ecclesiastical position of Archdeacon. The Colonial Office expanded the chaplaincy to provide stipends to the Church of Scotland and the Catholic Church, and other independent Dissenting groups arrived, including Methodist missionaries. By 1824 the colonial chaplaincy included a Presbyterian minister on a stipend of £300, two Catholic priests receiving £100 each, while the Anglicans received £2032 for churches and schools.7 The new Archdeacon was provided with a commission that began a new phase in Australian Christianity. He obtained a senior position in the Legislative and Executive Councils, as well as oversight of the Church and Schools Corporation.
Recommended publications
  • Wellington's Men in Australia

    Wellington's Men in Australia

    Wellington’s Men in Australia Peninsular War Veterans and the Making of Empire c. 1820–40 Christine Wright War, Culture and Society, 1750 –1850 War, Culture and Society, 1750–1850 Series Editors: Rafe Blaufarb (Tallahassee, USA), Alan Forrest (York, UK), and Karen Hagemann (Chapel Hill, USA) Editorial Board: Michael Broers (Oxford UK), Christopher Bayly (Cambridge, UK), Richard Bessel (York, UK), Sarah Chambers (Minneapolis, USA), Laurent Dubois (Durham, USA), Etienne François (Berlin, Germany), Janet Hartley (London, UK), Wayne Lee (Chapel Hill, USA), Jane Rendall (York, UK), Reinhard Stauber (Klagenfurt, Austria) Titles include: Richard Bessel, Nicholas Guyatt and Jane Rendall (editors) WAR, EMPIRE AND SLAVERY, 1770–1830 Alan Forrest and Peter H. Wilson (editors) THE BEE AND THE EAGLE Napoleonic France and the End of the Holy Roman Empire, 1806 Alan Forrest, Karen Hagemann and Jane Rendall (editors) SOLDIERS, CITIZENS AND CIVILIANS Experiences and Perceptions of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1790–1820 Karen Hagemann, Gisela Mettele and Jane Rendall (editors) GENDER, WAR AND POLITICS Transatlantic Perspectives, 1755–1830 Marie-Cécile Thoral FROM VALMY TO WATERLOO France at War, 1792–1815 Forthcoming Michael Broers, Agustin Guimera and Peter Hick (editors) THE NAPOLEONIC EMPIRE AND THE NEW EUROPEAN POLITICAL CULTURE Alan Forrest, Etienne François and Karen Hagemann (editors) WAR MEMORIES The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars in Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Europe Leighton S. James WITNESSING WAR Experience, Narrative and Identity in German Central Europe, 1792–1815 Catriona Kennedy NARRATIVES OF WAR Military and Civilian Experience in Britain and Ireland, 1793–1815 Kevin Linch BRITAIN AND WELLINGTON’S ARMY Recruitment, Society and Tradition, 1807–1815 War, Culture and Society, 1750–1850 Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0–230–54532–8 hardback 978–0–230–54533–5 paperback (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
  • A Companion to Nineteenth- Century Britain

    A Companion to Nineteenth- Century Britain

    A COMPANION TO NINETEENTH- CENTURY BRITAIN Edited by Chris Williams A Companion to Nineteenth-Century Britain A COMPANION TO NINETEENTH- CENTURY BRITAIN Edited by Chris Williams © 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108, Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Chris Williams to be identified as the Author of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to nineteenth-century Britain / edited by Chris Williams. p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to British history) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-631-22579-X (alk. paper) 1. Great Britain – History – 19th century – Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Great Britain – Civilization – 19th century – Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Williams, Chris, 1963– II. Title. III. Series. DA530.C76 2004 941.081 – dc22 2003021511 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10 on 12 pt Galliard by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO BRITISH HISTORY Published in association with The Historical Association This series provides sophisticated and authoritative overviews of the scholarship that has shaped our current understanding of British history.
  • Religious Studies

    Religious Studies

    RELIGIOUS STUDIES Religious Studies The Celtic Church in Ireland in the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Centuries Unit AS 5 Content/Specification Section Page The Arrival of Christianity in Ireland 2 Evidence for the presence of Christianity in Ireland before the arrival of St. Patrick 6 Celtic Monasticism 11 Celtic Penitentials 17 Celtic Hagiography 21 Other Aspects of Human Experience Section 25 Glossary 42 RELIGIOUS STUDIES The Arrival of Christianity in Ireland © LindaMarieCaldwell/iStock/iStock/Thinkstock.com Learning Objective – demonstrate knowledge and understanding of, and critically evaluate the background to the arrival of Christianity in Ireland, including: • The political, social and religious background; • The arrival of and the evidence for Christianity in Ireland before Patrick; and • The significance of references to Palladius. This section requires students to explore: 1. The political, social and religious background in Ireland prior to the arrival of Christianity in Ireland. 2. Evidence of the arrival of Christianity in Ireland before Patrick (Pre-Patrician Christianity. 3. References to Palladius and the significance of these references to understanding the background to Christianity in Ireland before Patrick’s arrival. Early Irish society provided a great contrast to the society of the Roman Empire. For example, it had no towns or cities, no central government or no standard currency. Many Scholars have described it as tribal, rural, hierarchical and familiar. The Tuath was the basic political group or unit and was a piece of territory ruled by a King. It is estimated that there were about 150 such Tuath in pre – Christian Ireland. The basic social group was the fine and included all relations in the male line of descent.
  • Violence and the Sacred in Northern Ireland

    Violence and the Sacred in Northern Ireland

    VIOLENCE AND THE SACRED IN NORTHERN IRELAND Duncan Morrow University of Ulster at Jordanstown For 25 years Northern Ireland has been a society characterized not so much by violence as by an endemic fear of violence. At a purely statistical level the risk of death as a result of political violence in Belfast was always between three and ten times less than the risk of murder in major cities of the United States. Likewise, the risk of death as the result of traffic accidents in Northern Ireland has been, on average, twice as high as the risk of death by political killing (Belfast Telegraph, 23 January 1994). Nevertheless, the tidal flow of fear about political violence, sometimes higher and sometimes lower but always present, has been the consistent fundamental backdrop to public, and often private, life. This preeminence of fear is triggered by past and present circumstances and is projected onto the vision of the future. The experience that disorder is ever close at hand has resulted in an endemic insecurity which gives rise to the increasingly conscious desire for a new order, for scapegoats and for resolution. For a considerable period of time, Northern Ireland has actively sought and made scapegoats but such actions have been ineffective in bringing about the desired resolution to the crisis. They have led instead to a continuous mimetic crisis of both temporal and spatial dimensions. To have lived in Northern Ireland is to have lived in that unresolved crisis. Liberal democracy has provided the universal transcendence of Northern Ireland's political models. Northern Ireland is physically and spiritually close to the heartland of liberal democracy: it is geographically bound by Britain and Ireland, economically linked to Western Europe, and historically tied to emigration to the United States, Canada, and the South Pacific.
  • George Canning and the Representation of Liverpool, 1812-1823 1

    George Canning and the Representation of Liverpool, 1812-1823 1

    'The Pride of my Publick Life': George Canning and the Representation of Liverpool, 1812-1823 1 Stephen M. Lee I George Canning (1770-1827) was one of the most significant figures on the Pittite side of British politics in the first three decades of the nineteenth century, and his successful campaign for a seat at Liverpool in 1812 both illustrated and contributed to the profound changes that his political career underwent during this period. Sandwiched between his failure to return to office in May-July 1812 following the assassination of Spencer Perceval and his decision to disband his personal following (his 'little Senate') in July i8i3,2 this campaign marked for Canning a turn away from the aristocratic political arena of Westminster, which he had come to find so frustrating, towards a political culture which, if at first alien, was replete with new possibilities. Moreover, Canning's experience as representative for Liverpool was indicative of wider changes in the political landscape of early nineteenth-century Britain. Before considering in detail some of the key aspects of Canning's outward turn, however, it will be useful to offer a brief description of the constituency of Liverpool and a short account of the elections that Canning fought there.3 1 This article is a revised version of chapter 3 of Stephen M. Lee, 'George Canning and the Tories, 1801-1827' (unpuh. Ph.D. thesis, Manchester Univ., 1999), PP- 93-128. 2 For a consideration of these two important episodes see Lee, 'Canning and the Tories', pp. 81-91. 1 Unless otherwise stated the following summary of the politics of Liverpool is 74 Stephen M.
  • MDA027 Gautrot Josephine Hymn

    MDA027 Gautrot Josephine Hymn

    Australian Music Series – MDA027 A Josephine Hymn Teach Me Dearest Lord to Pray For Soprano and Organ Hobart - 1844 Joseph Gautrot France, c. 1783 – Sydney, 1854 Edited by Richard Divall Music Archive Monash University Melbourne 2 ! Information about the MUSIC ARCHIVE series Australian Music And other available works in the free digital series is available at http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/music-archive This edition may be used free of charge for private performance and study. It may be freely transmitted and copied in electronic or printed form. All rights are reserved for performance, recording, broadcast and publication in any audio format. © 2014 Richard Divall Published by MUSIC ARCHIVE OF MONASH UNIVERSITY Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia ISBN 978-0-9925672-6-2 ISMN 979-0-9009642-6-7 The edition has been produced with generous assistance from the Australian Research Theology Foundation Marshall-Hall Trust ! 3 Introduction Joseph Gautrot is a fascinating and yet enigmatic figure. According to sources he led an adventurous life, and spent time in out of the way colonial outposts. He composed music seemingly of substance, and for ensembles normally associated with higher class music, yet despite this, we have only one work surviving by this active musician and prolific composer. Much of his life and professional activity has been thoroughly explored in Graeme Skinner’s important thesis on early Australian composition.1 More is found in his website of Australian composers, and the accompanying chronology of Australian composition.2 Both sources are important documents.3 The birth date of Joseph Gautrot is unknown, but there are various mentions of his early life and career in an obituary in Bell’s Life of 4 February 1854.4 In the obituary he was cited as being a member of Napoleon’s Imperial Guard, probably as a musician, and was present during the Russian Campaign of 1812.
  • Father Therry-100 Years On

    Father Therry-100 Years On

    Father Therry-100 years On Imprimatur: ✠ JUSTIN D. SIMONDS, Archiepiscopus Melburnensis. 5th June, 1964. Nihil Obstat: BERNARD O'CONNOR, Diocesan Censor. July 10, 1964 The Convict Cart Through the streets of Cork in 1818 there rumbled a wagon load of convicts. Bound for Botany Bay, the twenty or thirty prisoners were in irons on their way to the docks. A young priest stopped the driver and learnt of their destination. On the spur of the moment he ran into a neighbouring bookshop, bought a bundle of prayer books and threw them into the cart, vowing to follow his countrymen to the ends of the earth, if needed, to save their souls. In retrospect, that handful of books was the scattering of his first seeds of Catholicism in Australia, for the young priest was John Joseph Therry, secretary to Bishop Murphy of Cork. Such an act was typical of the warm-hearted and impulsive young man ordained only three years earlier. Born in the City of Cork in 1790, he was able to enjoy the luxury of a private tutor with his brothers, James and Stephen and his sister, Jane Anne, during his early years. As a seminarian at St. Patrick's College, Carlow, he seems to have been a thorough if not brilliant student. His family was hit by financial losses in those years. "The course of my college studies was interrupted at an early stage by family embarrassment," he wrote in 1819. At his own request he was ordained prematurely by the Archbishop of Dublin in 1815. Even before Father O'Flynn had sailed on his ill-fated mission to New South Wales, Father Therry had seriously considered volunteering for that mission field.
  • Carlow College

    Carlow College

    - . - · 1 ~. .. { ~l natp C u l,•< J 1 Journal of the Old Carlow Society 1992/1993 lrisleabhar Chumann Seanda Chatharlocha £1 ' ! SERVING THE CHURCH FOR 200 YEARS ! £'~,~~~~::~ai:~:,~ ---~~'-~:~~~ic~~~"'- -· =-~ : -_- _ ~--~~~- _-=:-- ·.. ~. SPONSORS ROYAL HOTEL- 9-13 DUBLIN STREET ~ P,•«•11.il H,,rd ,,,- Qua/in- O'NEILL & CO. ACCOUNTANTS _;, R-.. -~ ~ 'I?!~ I.-: _,;,r.',". ~ h,i14 t. t'r" rhr,•c Con(crcncc Roonts. TRAYNOR HOUSE, COLLEGE STREET, CARLOW U • • i.h,r,;:, F:..n~ r;,,n_,. f)lfmt·r DL1nccs. PT'i,·atc Parties. Phone:0503/41260 F."-.l S,:r.cJ .-\II Da,. Phone 0503/31621. t:D. HAUGHNEY & SON, LTD. Jewellers, ·n~I, Fashion Boutique, Fuel Merchant. Authorised Ergas Stockist ·~ff 62-63 DUBLIN ST., CARLOW POLLERTON ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 0503/31367 OF CARLOW Phone:0503/31346 CIGAR DIVAN TULL Y'S TRAVEL AGENCY Newsagent, Confectioner, Tobacconist, etc. TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Phone:0503/31257 Bring your friends to a musical evening in Carlow's unique GACH RATH AR CARLOVIANA Music Lounge each Saturday and Sunday. Phone: 0503/27159. ST. MARY'S ACADEMY, SMYTHS of NEWTOWN CARLOW SINCE 1815 DEERPARK SERVICE STATION MICHAEL DOYLE Builders Providers, General Hardware Tyre Service and Accessories 'THE SHAMROCK", 71 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. Phone 0503/31414 Phone:0503/31847 THOMAS F. KEHOE SEVEN OAKS HOTEL Specialist Livestock Auctioneer and Valuer, Far, Sales and Lettings,. Property and Est e Agent. Dinner Dances * Wedding Receptions * Private Parties Agent for the Irish Civil Ser- ce Building Society. Conferences * Luxury Lounge 57 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. Telephone 0503/31678, 31963.
  • The Irish Penitentials and Contemporary Celtic Christianity

    The Irish Penitentials and Contemporary Celtic Christianity

    The Spirit in Contemporary Culture THE IRISH PENITENTIALS AND CONTEMPORARY CELTIC CHRISTIANITY Janet Tanner ELTIC CHRISTIANITY, as it is understood and practised today, has an C influence that appears to be spreading widely and rapidly through the many old and new denominations and forms of Christianity, not only in the old Celtic heartlands of Britain but throughout the Christian world, particularly, as in the US and Australia, where there is a British heritage. The phenomenon is difficult to define with any accuracy; but there are a few Christian communities that consciously seek to use theological insights and practices based on their understanding of the ancient traditions of Celtic Christianity, and I should like to argue that their influence is ‘trickling down’ into twenty- first-century Christianity. This is especially true in those places where an effort is being made to develop a church consciousness that is genuinely expressed in and through the local culture or sub-cultures. Approaches to penance based on Celtic Christianity are an important part of this process. I should like to explore the influence of three communities—the Iona Community, the Northumbria Community and the Community of Aidan and Hilda.1 Each of these was founded in the twentieth century, with greater or lesser reliance on the Celtic Christian tradition, but their awareness and their use of the ancient Irish Celtic approach to penance varies greatly. 1 See www.iona.org.uk, www.northumbriacommunity.org and www.aidanandhilda.org. The Way, 48/2 (April 2009), 63–78 64 Janet Tanner Handbooks for Busy Practitioners To begin at the beginning we need to start with the penitentials: handbooks of penance completed largely in the sixth to ninth centuries in Ireland and Celtic Britain.
  • The Illawarra Diary of Lady Jane Franklin, 10-17 May 1839

    The Illawarra Diary of Lady Jane Franklin, 10-17 May 1839

    University of Wollongong Research Online Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice- Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice- Chancellor (Education) - Papers Chancellor (Education) 1-9-1988 The Illawarra Diary of Lady Jane Franklin, 10-17 May 1839 Michael K. Organ University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/asdpapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Organ, Michael K.: The Illawarra Diary of Lady Jane Franklin, 10-17 May 1839 1988. https://ro.uow.edu.au/asdpapers/34 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The Illawarra Diary of Lady Jane Franklin, 10-17 May 1839 Abstract Jane Franklin, the wife of Sir John Franklin, Governor of Tasmania, travelled overland from Port Phillip to Sydney in 1839. During the trip she kept detailed diary notes and wrote a number of letters. Between 10-17 May 1839 she journeyed to the Illawarra region on the coast of New South Wales. A transcription of the original diary notes is presented, along with descriptive introduction to the life and times of Jane Franklin. Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details This booklet was originally published as Organ, M (ed), The Illawarra Diary of Lady Jane Franklin, 10-17 May 1839, Illawarra Historical Publications, 1988, 51p. This book is available at Research Online:
  • Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in History (9HI0)

    Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in History (9HI0)

    Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in History (9HI0) Specification ubject O S t o f First certification 2017 q DR AFT u n a o l i t a c t a c r e d i Important: statement from Ofqual about this qualification This draft qualification has not yet been accredited by Ofqual. It is published to enable teachers to have early sight of our proposed approach to the Pearson Edexcel Level 3 Advanced GCE in History. Further changes may be required and no assurance can be given at this time that the proposed qualification will be made available in its current form, or that it will be accredited in time for first teaching in September 2015 and first award in summer 2017. Edexcel, BTEC and LCCI qualifications Edexcel, BTEC and LCCI qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body offering academic and vocational qualifications that are globally recognised and benchmarked. For further information, please visit our qualification websites at www.edexcel.com, www.btec.co.uk or www.lcci.org.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus About Pearson Pearson is the world's leading learning company, with 40,000 employees in more than 70 countries working to help people of all ages to make measurable progress in their lives through learning. We put the learner at the centre of everything we do, because wherever learning flourishes, so do people. Find out more about how we can help you and your learners at: www.pearson.com/uk ubject O S t o f q DR AFT u n a o i l t a a c i t c r e d References to third party material made in this specification are made in good faith.
  • Principio Guía: Versículo Para Memorizar: Información Básica Para El Líder: Módulo 1, Unidad 4, Lección 1 La Gran Aventur

    Principio Guía: Versículo Para Memorizar: Información Básica Para El Líder: Módulo 1, Unidad 4, Lección 1 La Gran Aventur

    Módulo 1, Unidad 4, Lección 1 La gran aventura del Ejército de Salvación Principio Guía: Dios siempre mueve a Su pueblo a comenzar algo nuevo. Versículo para Memorizar: “Les contó otra parábola: ‘El reino de los cielos es como un grano de mostaza que un hombre sembró en su campo. Aunque es la más pequeña de todas las semillas, cuando crece es la más grande de las hortalizas y se convierte en árbol, de modo que vienen las aves y anidan en sus ramas’”. Mateo 13:31-32 (NVI) Información Básica para el Líder: La historia del inicio del Ejército de Salvación es la historia de Dios haciendo todo nuevo. Esta lección se enfocará en la conversión de Pablo y el llamado de William Booth para mostrar cómo Dios puede usar personas de todo tipo de vida para ser portadores de Su mensaje. En esta lección, pedirá a los jóvenes soldados que estén en silencio y escuchen lo que Dios puede estarles diciendo. Es valioso comenzar a enseñar a los niños en una edad temprana, a escuchar la voz de Dios y darles tiempo para practicar. También puede ser confuso para algunos niños porque, espe- cialmente los más pequeños, son pensadores concretos. Quieren escuchar la voz de Dios en sus oídos. Algunos pueden pensar que no aman realmente a Jesús si no “escuchan” algo. Es importante que estos jóvenes no se desanimen. Principio Guía: Dios siempre mueve a Su pueblo a comenzar algo nuevo. Versículo para Memorizar: Mateo 13:31-32 (NVI) Actividad Qué hacen los niños Preparación Materiales ¡NOS VEMOS!: Los jóvenes soldados IMPACTAR Disponga un espacio abierto responden preguntas en • Ninguno (8-10 minutos) para jugar.