The Two Postwar Eras and the Conditions for Stability in Twentieth-Century Western Europe
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11. HUGHES & HAWORTH Paper
ILO Century Project The ILO involvement in economic and social policies in the 1930s Stephen Hughes Newcastle University Nigel Haworth University of Auckland Disclaimer : This is a draft paper, which is made available on the Century Project website for information and comments. It is not for citation without the permission of the author(s). ___________ The responsibility for opinions expressed in the paper remains with its author(s), and its International inclusion on the website does not constitute an endorsement of its content by the ILO or the IILS. Institute for Labour Studies 1. Introduction 1 The survival of the ILO despite the demise of the League of Nations, and, in particular, the ILO’s status in the post Second World War settlement, is substantially an effect of its role in the interwar economic depression. In that period, the ILO became an important locus for, first, the professional gathering and ordering of information about the depression and its consequences, and, second, the international discussion of policy responses. These roles created sustained status and legitimacy for the ILO into the modern era. Moreover, these roles emerged as the effect of conscious strategy within the leadership of the ILO, which positioned the ILO carefully to fill the need for international consideration of the depression. The discussion below provides an account of these roles and the strategic positioning of the ILO by its leadership. The discussion is in four parts; first, a discussion of the ILO and the depression; second, an account of the ‘Policy of Presence, initiated by Albert Thomas, and designed to establish the international relevance and profile of the ILO; third, the consolidation of the Thomas approach by subsequent ILO leaderships; fourth, the policy to simultaneously broaden the ILO’s social and economic agenda and engage the United States in ILO work to guarantee its survival. -
The London School of Economics and Political Science the New
The London School of Economics and Political Science The New Industrial Order: Vichy, Steel, and the Origins of the Monnet Plan, 1940-1946 Luc-André Brunet A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, July 2014 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 87,402 words. 2 Abstract Following the Fall of France in 1940, the nation’s industry was fundamentally reorganised under the Vichy regime. This thesis traces the history of the keystones of this New Industrial Order, the Organisation Committees, by focusing on the organisation of the French steel industry between the end of the Third Republic in 1940 and the establishment of the Fourth Republic in 1946. It challenges traditional views by showing that the Committees were created largely to facilitate economic collaboration with Nazi Germany. -
SOCIAL DIALOGUE and the EXPANDING WORLD the Decade
Lajos Héthy SOCIAL DIALOGUE AND THE EXPANDING WORLD The decade of tripartism in Hungary and in Central and Eastern Europe 1988-99 European Trade Union Institute Bruxelles, 2001 The author: Lajos Héthy is one of the architects of social dialogue in Hungary. He holds degrees as an economist and sociologist, academic doctor of sociology and h. professor (Faculty of Economics, Janus Pannonius University, Pecs). As director of the Labour Research Institute, Budapest (1980-99) he headed the government’s Wage Reform Expert Group (1987-88), paving the way for the establishment of the tripartite Interest Reconciliation Council. In 1990-91 he was deputy secretary of state, and in 1994-98 political secretary of state of the Ministry of Labour and the government’s chief negotiator in the tripartite institutions. He has been working as an expert for the International Labour Organization since 1978. In 1994-98 he was Hungary’s government delegate to the ILO’s Governing Body. In 1996-97 he participated in the ILO’s exercise in developing tripartism in Albania. He was the founder and first president of the Hungarian Industrial Relations Association (1991-99). He has published widely on labour relations and labour administration issues in Hungary and abroad. At present he is director for labour and employment, UN Civil Administration, Kosovo. Acknowledgements The author expresses his thanks to his colleagues – Mr. György Kaucsek, Ms. Zsófia Fried and Ms. Edit Lakatos – who helped him in researching and in putting together this book. He extends his thanks to those colleagues and friends who contributed to the improvement of the manuscript by reading it and commenting on it – to Mr. -
The Stagflation Crisis and the European Automotive Industry, 1973-85
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diposit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona The stagflation crisis and the European automotive industry, 1973-85 Jordi Catalan (Universitat de Barcelona) The dissemination of Fordist techniques in Western Europe during the golden age of capitalism led to terrific rates of auto production growth and massive motorization. However, since the late 1960s this process showed signs of exhaustion because demand from the lowest segments began to stagnate. Moreover, during the seventies, the intensification of labour conflicts, the multiplication of oil prices and the strengthened competitiveness of Japanese rivals in the world market significantly squeezed profits of European car assemblers. Key companies from the main producer countries, such as British Leyland, FIAT, Renault and SEAT, recorded huge losses and were forced to restructure. The degree of success in coping with the stagflation crisis depended on two groups of factors. On the one hand, successful survival depended on strategies followed by the firms to promote economies of scale and scope, process and product innovation, related diversification, internationalization and, sometimes, changes of ownership. On the other hand, firms benefited from long-term path-dependent growth in their countries of origin’s industrial systems. Indeed, two of the main winners of the period, Toyota and Volkswagen, can rightly be seen as outstanding examples of Confucian and Rhine capitalism. Both types of coordinated capitalism contributed to the success of their main car assemblers during the stagflation slump. However, since then, global convergence with Anglo-Saxon capitalism may have eroded some of the institutional bases of their strength. -
Interior Freedom in the French-Language Poetry Written in the Concentration Camps (1943-45)
Interior Freedom in the French-language Poetry Written in the Concentration Camps (1943-45) Belle Marie Joseph A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University January 2017 © Copyright by Belle Marie Joseph 2017 All Rights Reserved This thesis presents my own original research. All sources have been duly acknowledged. Except where acknowledged in the customary manner, the material presented in this thesis is, to the best of my knowledge, original and has not been submitted in whole or part for a degree in any university. Belle Joseph 27 January 2017 ii Acknowledgements I would like to extend my thanks, first of all, to my supervisors. I am deeply grateful to Peter Brown, who supervised this project from its beginnings and whose expertise and encouragement throughout the project were invaluable. Gillian Russell provided helpful input at the beginning of my research. Ned Curthoys gave invaluable feedback at each stage of my project; I am grateful for his insightful and constructive comments. Sincere thanks to Ash Collins, who provided thoughtful commentary on the completed thesis draft. I would also like to thank my many wonderful colleagues in the School of Literature, Language and Linguistics (SLLL) at ANU, who often provided useful suggestions in informal discussions about my research, and in particular Kate Flaherty, who kindly read drafts of the thesis introduction and the first chapter and gave me helpful comments on them. I would also like to acknowledge that this research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. My warmest thanks go to the directors and staff of the various associations for former déportés , who gave me invaluable assistance with my research. -
Building the New Europe: Western and Eastern Roads to Social Partnership
Building the New Europe: Western and eastern roads to social partnership Elena Iankova and Lowell Turner It is not the countries that have reduced social spending most or minimized social partnerships that are the leading successes today . It is therefore not the flexibility of the market, but the existence and adaptability of institutions and regulations which explain success . The special European way of dealing with change, filtering it through established labour market institutions, leads to positive results. In other words, the baby (institutions) was kept and the water (inefficiencies in the institutions) was at least partially thrown out. This accounts for a large part of European success. Peter Auer (2000, pp. 2–3) Praised by some, feared by others, neoliberal economic ideas and policies have risen to prominence in Europe over the past two decades. From the extremism of Margaret Thatcher to the more muted conservatism of Helmut Kohl to the current Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), free market ideas have challenged the social market with deregulation and policies of fiscal and monetary austerity. A spectre is haunting Europe: the spectre of Americanisation. The post-cold war, EMU-oriented ‘New Europe’ is nonetheless a social Europe, defending, adapting and modernising an essential social dimension within the developing European project. Just as the 1999 ‘Battle of Seattle’ dramatically demonstrated the growing salience even in North America of social dimension debates in an expanding global economy, so does the much more developed European social dimension offer examples of appropriate economic and social policies for integrated markets. Europe can play this forerunner role in today’s global economy, we argue, because of longstanding relations of social partnership, in which organised interests, especially business and labour, participate in regularised bargaining processes to craft economic and social policy compromises. -
Corporatism As a Process of Working-Class Containment and Roll-Back: the Recent Experiences of South Africa and South Korea
Corporatism as a process of working-class containment and roll-back: The recent experiences of South Africa and South Korea Tom Bramble School of Business University of Queensland Brisbane Q 4072 AUSTRALIA Email: [email protected] and Neal Ollett This paper has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Industrial Relations and the final version of this paper will be published in the Journal of Industrial Relations vol. 49, issue 4, September 2007 by Sage Publications Ltd. All rights reserved. © For more information please visit: www.sagepublications.com. ABSTRACT In this article we argue that recent debates in the corporatist literature about whether corporatism is best understood as a process of structured interest representation or political dialogue miss the point as to corporatism’s central task – the shift of material resources and power away from the working class to the capitalist class, in which two processes are evident – containment and roll- back. We discuss these processes in the context of successive waves of corporatism in Western Europe from the 1940s to the 1990s before moving on to an analysis of the contrasting fortunes of corporatism in South Africa and South Korea during democratic transition. We conclude that the ability of corporatism to carry out the processes of containment and roll back in these two cases have been dependent on the existence (or absence) of supportive prior political relationships between organised labour and the state. Corporatism as a process of working-class containment and roll-back: The recent experiences of South Africa and South Korea INTRODUCTION Traditional interpretations of corporatism have focused on institutionalised structures of interest representation (Molina and Rhodes, 2002). -
The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: a Profile
University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-1966 The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: A profile. Aldo U. Marchini University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Marchini, Aldo U., "The Italian Communist Party 1921--1964: A profile." (1966). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 6438. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/6438 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript and are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was scanned as received. it This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THE ITALIAN COkkUNIST PARTY 1921 - 196A: A PROPILE by ALDO U. -
USHMM Finding
http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection FONDS DAVID DIAMANT (CMXXV), 1925-1994 2017.20.1, RG-43.160 United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 Tel. (202) 479-9717 e-mail: [email protected] Descriptive summary Title: Fonds David Diamant (CMXXV) Dates: 1924-1994 Accession number: 2017.20.1 Record Group Number: RG-43.160 Creator: Anny Latour Extent: 14,699 digital images (JPEG) Repository: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place SW, Washington, DC 20024-2126 Abstract: Records of David Diamant (Aaron David Erlich). Languages: French Administrative Information Access: Collection is open for use, but may be stored offsite. Please contact the Reference Desk more than seven days prior to visit in order to request access. Reproduction and use: Collection is available for use. Material may be protected by copyright. Please contact reference staff for further information. No publication of documents on the World Wide Web, Internet, etc., or reproduction of microfilm reels without the permission of the Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine (CDJC). Cite the CDJC as holder of originals. Preferred citation: (Identification of item), Fonds David Diamant (CMXXV), 1924-1994, RG-43.160, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Archives, Washington, DC. Acquisition information: These materials were collected and arranged by the Centre de Documentation Juive 2 https://collections.ushmm.org http://collections.ushmm.org Contact [email protected] for further information about this collection Contemporaine (CDJC). Source of acquisition is the Memorial to the Shoah, Jewish Contemporary Documentation Center (Mémorial de la Shoah, Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine), France. -
Nine Lives of Neoliberalism
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) Book — Published Version Nine Lives of Neoliberalism Provided in Cooperation with: WZB Berlin Social Science Center Suggested Citation: Plehwe, Dieter (Ed.); Slobodian, Quinn (Ed.); Mirowski, Philip (Ed.) (2020) : Nine Lives of Neoliberalism, ISBN 978-1-78873-255-0, Verso, London, New York, NY, https://www.versobooks.com/books/3075-nine-lives-of-neoliberalism This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/215796 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative -
Kriegswirtschaft Und Wirtschaftswunder
WERNER ABELSHAUSER KRIEGSWIRTSCHAFT UND WIRTSCHAFTSWUNDER Deutschlands wirtschaftliche Mobilisierung für den Zweiten Weltkrieg und die Folgen für die Nachkriegszeit Die Erforschung der deutschen Rüstungs- und Kriegswirtschaft nahm ihren Anfang, noch bevor das Dritte Reich vollends untergegangen war. Im März 1945 - anglo- amerikanische Truppen setzten gerade zur Eroberung des Ruhrgebiets an - begann die US-Luftwaffe Bilanz zu ziehen. Sie berief eine Gruppe von Wirtschaftsfachleu ten, um die Auswirkungen des strategischen Bombenkriegs auf die deutsche Rü stungswirtschaft zu messen: Der United States Strategic Bombing Survey (USSBS) entstand1. Vordergründig ging es dabei um die Lehren, die aus den deutschen Erfah rungen für den noch anhaltenden Krieg im Fernen Osten gezogen werden mußten. Tatsächlich wollte die US-Luftwaffe schon jetzt ihren Anteil am Sieg dokumentieren. Unter der Leitung von John K. Galbraith versammelte sich in Bad Nauheim ein Team jüngerer Wissenschaftler, deren Namen sich wie Auszüge aus dem „Adelsregi ster der kommenden Ökonomen-Generation"2 lesen. Die Gruppe verfügte über die ausgelagerten Bestände des Statistischen Reichsamts, dessen „statistische Schnellbe richte zur Kriegsproduktion" bis zuletzt die Anstrengungen der deutschen Industrie dokumentierten, mit den Anforderungen des Krieges Schritt zu halten. Einen geeig neten Interpreten fand man in dem Leiter der Industrieabteilung des Instituts für Konjunkturforschung, Rolf Wagenführ, der diese Statistik für Albert Speers Planungs amt bearbeitet hatte3. Unter diesen günstigen Rahmenbedingungen gelang es dem Team nicht nur, das Ausmaß der Verluste, die die deutsche Kriegswirtschaft im Bom- 1 Vgl. USSBS, The Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy, October 1945. Ins gesamt: USSBS, 10 Bde, hrsg. v. David Maclsaac, New York/London 1976. 2 U. -
The Emergence of the French Oil Industry Between the Two Wars
The Emergence of the French Oil Industry between the Two Wars Mohamed Sassi The late emergence of a French oil industry, precisely between the two wars, at first appears to be an economic miracle. It was born from a determination to set up an independent energy policy. France is a country deprived of natural resources and, on the eve of the First World War, its vital need for energy pushed it to give more importance to oil, which explains private initiatives such as the case of Desmarais Frères. In 1914, the French supply of oil was totally dependant on the Majors, particularly on the American company Standard Oil. Although from 1917 Shell was privileged, the problem of the oil industry was not yet resolved. In 1919, the French objective was to recover a part of the interests of the Turkish Petroleum Company (T.P.C.) in the Near East. France recovered the share of the Deutsche Bank and thus created the Compagnie Française des Pétroles (C.F.P.). Born in 1924, the company was to be associated with any preexisting French oil company in order to assure an indisputable majority of national capital. The second important step was the setting-up of the law of 1928 that took care of special export authorizations of the crude and refined oils. The final step was the creation of the refining company (C.F.R.). The state supported the development of the C.F.P. by some institutional arrangements and succeeded in integrating it upstream, by adding the capital of the largest distribution companies and by encouraging the development of their distribution activity.