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Stratigraphic Evaluation of the St. Joe-Boone Boundary Interval

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Stratigraphic Evaluation of the St. Joe-Boone Boundary Interval University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 8-2018 Stratigraphic Evaluation of the St. Joe-Boone Boundary Interval, Kinderhookian-Osagean Series, Lower Mississippian System, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent Forrest Dalton McFarlin University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons, and the Stratigraphy Commons Recommended Citation McFarlin, Forrest Dalton, "Stratigraphic Evaluation of the St. Joe-Boone Boundary Interval, Kinderhookian-Osagean Series, Lower Mississippian System, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent" (2018). Theses and Dissertations. 2952. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/2952 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Stratigraphic Evaluation of the St. Joe-Boone Boundary Interval, Kinderhookian-Osagean Series, Lower Mississippian System, Tri-State Region, Southern Midcontinent A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geology by Forrest Dalton McFarlin Texas Christian University Bachelor of Science in Geology, 2015 August 2018 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. _____________________________________ Walter Manger, PhD Thesis Director _____________________________________ Adriana Potra, PhD Committee Member _____________________________________ Thomas McGilvery, PhD Committee Member ©2018 by Forrest Dalton McFarlin All Rights Reserved Abstract The Lower Mississippian interval comprises a single, third-order, eustatic cycle subdivided lithostratigraphically into the St. Joe Limestone (Hopkins 1893) and overlying Boone Formation (Branner 1891, Simonds 1891) with type areas in northern Arkansas. Coeval, homotaxial limestones occur in adjacent southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma. Missouri formation names for the St. Joe interval are recognized in Arkansas as members (ascending order): Bachelor, Compton, Northview, Pierson. The Boone interval in Missouri is represented by the (ascending order): Reeds Spring, Elsey, Burlington-Keokuk undifferentiated, but utilization of those names in Arkansas is problematic. in northern Arkansas, the Boone Formation is subdivided into informal lower and upper members based on chert development: lower with black to gray, penecontemporaneous chert; upper with white to light gray, later diagenetic chert. In adjacent northeastern Oklahoma, the nomenclature is a mixture of the Arkansas and Missouri names, but chert development is not used lithostratigraphically. The St. Joe Limestone rests unconformably on the Chattanooga Shale (Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian) or older units marking the initial transgression of the Kaskaskian II Cycle (Vail et al. 1977). Thin-bedded, St. Joe crinozoan packstones represent bioclastic sediment and carbonate mud transported from its origin on the Burlington Platform (now Missouri), and down the adjacent northern Arkansas ramp in a lobate manner. Distal limestones are condensed and replaced by shale beyond the ramp. A brief drop in sea level represented by the terrigenous Northview Member, was followed by continued transgression through Pierson deposition, reaching maximum flooding without a break in the lower Boone (=Reeds Spring) represented by calcisiltites and penecontemporaneous chert. Highstand and regression are recorded in the upper Boone as rapidly deposited crinoidal packstones and grainstones with later diagenetic chert replacement. Previous studies of the boundary between the St. Joe and Boone Intervals suggest that an angular unconformity is present. This study will conduct extensive research in the form of measured sections, petrographic analysis, insoluble residue analysis, and SEM/EDX analysis to determine the true nature of this contact. Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. ...…1 Study Location ................................................................................................................................ 2 Geologic Setting.............................................................................................................................. 5 Purpose and Scope ........................................................................................................................ 10 Previous Investigations ................................................................................................................. 11 Lower Mississippian Lithostratigraphy ........................................................................................ 12 St. Joe Limestone ...................................................................................................................... 13 Boone Formation ...................................................................................................................... 14 Lower Mississippian Sequence Stratigraphy ................................................................................ 18 Depositional Dynamics ................................................................................................................. 20 Field Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 25 Measured Sections .................................................................................................................... 25 Sampling ................................................................................................................................... 26 Laboratory Methodology .............................................................................................................. 28 Petrography ............................................................................................................................... 28 Insoluble Residues .................................................................................................................... 30 SEM and EDX .......................................................................................................................... 33 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 34 Measured Sections .................................................................................................................... 34 Measured Section 1: Pineville, MO (36.56499, -94.35352) ................................................. 35 Measured Section 2: Jane, MO (36.54613, -94.32614) ........................................................ 37 Measured Section 3: Kansas, OK (36.2112, -94.77138) ...................................................... 40 Measured Section 4: South Siloam Springs, AR (36.11234, -94.53331) ............................. 43 Measured Section 5: Bella Vista, AR (36.45537, -94.2432) ................................................ 45 Measured Section 6: Branson Airport, MO (36.54372, -93.19712) ..................................... 47 Measured Section 7: Omaha, AR: (36.45931, -93.21931) ................................................... 50 Cross Sections ....................................................................................................................... 52 Petrography ............................................................................................................................... 57 Pineville, MO Outcrop (Locality 1) ...................................................................................... 57 Kansas, OK Outcrop (Locality 3) ......................................................................................... 66 Insoluble Residues .................................................................................................................... 76 SEM and EDX .......................................................................................................................... 83 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 96 Evaluation of St. Joe-Boone Contact Relationship ............................................................... 96 References ................................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 104 Introduction The Lower Mississippian interval in the southern midcontinent comprises a single, third- order, eustatic, marine cycle representing the Kinderhookian and most of the Osagean Series. The Lower Mississippian System is subdivided lithostratigraphically into the St. Joe Limestone (Hopkins 1893) and overlying Boone Formation (Branner 1891, Simonds 1891) with type areas for both of these formations located in northern Arkansas. The Lower Mississippian succession is the thickest post-Ordovician, pre-Middle Pennsylvanian interval deposited across the Tri-State area of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. Although coeval, homotaxial limestones occur in adjacent southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, neither Arkansas name,
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