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Chattanooga Shale Investigations Along the Sequatchie Anticline of Tennessee and Alabama

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Chattanooga Shale Investigations Along the Sequatchie Anticline of Tennessee and Alabama (cQoo) -r~7r . (.,I)LO . 4 '7 0 ~ Chattanooga Shale Investigations Along the Sequatchie Anticline of Tennessee and Alabama By Lynn Glover Trace Elementsln..,estigations Report 470 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFFICIAL USE ONlY Geology and Mineralogy This document consists of 37 pages .. Series A UNI1ED STArrES DE PAR'I' fillil~T OF THE IN'IERIOR GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY CHA'I'TANOOGA SHALE, INVES'liGATIONS ALONG THE SEQUATCHIE: ANTICLINE CF 'IENNESSEE AND ALABAJV[A-;~ By Lynn Glover September 19 54 Trace Elements Investigations Heport L.70 This preliminary report is distributed without editorial and technical review for conformity with official standards and nomenclatureo It is not for public inspect!on or quotation-o----- .--·- {~This report concerns work done on behalf of the Divis :ion of Raw Materials of the Uo So Atomic Energy Commission .. OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFF'ICIAL USE ONLY 2 USGS = 'I'EI=470 GEGLOGY AND MINERALOGY Distribution (Series A) Noo of copies Argonne National Laboratory o o o o o o 1 Atomic Energy CommissionJ Washington o o 1 Divisi on of Raw Materials 5 Albuquerque o a l Division of Raw Materials 51 Butte o a 1 Division of Raw Materials~ Denver 1 Division of Raw ~1aterials.l> Douglas 1 Division of Raw Materials 51 Hot Springs l Division of Raw Materials 51 Ishpeming 1 Division of Raw }~terials~ Phoenix o 1 Division of Raw M.aterials 51 Richfield o 1 Division of Raw Materials,\) Salt Lake City o o o o o o o o o l Divisi on of Raw Materials.~> Washington 3 Exploration Division9 Grand Junction Operations Office o 1 Grand Junction Operations Office o o o o 1 Technical Information Service 51 Oak Ridge a o 6 Tennessee Valley Authori ty_9 tr.Jilson Dam o 1 Uo Sa Geological Survey~ Alaskan Geology Branch 9 Menlo Park o a 1 Fuels Branch 9 vvashington o o o o o 3 Geochemistry and Petrology Branch5 ~Jashington o o a o 1 Geophysics Branch J vJasb ington 1 Mineral Deposits Branch .'I \IIJ'ashington o o o o 1 Eo Ho BaileyJ Menlo Park o o o l A. Lo Brokaw, Grand Junction 1 J o R o Cooper, Denver o o o o a o o o " l W. Co Culbertson} Tuscaloosa o o o o o o l N. Mo Denson jl Denver o o o o l Co Eo Dutton, Madison 1 Wo La Emerick~ Plant City l Lo So Gardner, Albuquerque o 1 Mo Ro Klepper, Spokane o o 1 Aa Ho Koschmann, Denver 1 R. Ao Laurence$ Knoxville 1 Da Mo Lemmon)' Washington o o 1 J. Do Love, Laramie l Va Eo McKelv-ey, Menlo Park o 1 Po Co Patton, De nver o o a o .. o o o 0 0 ~ 1 Ja Fa Pepper, New Philadelphia 1 Jo Fo Powers, Salt Lake City o 1 J o Ao Reinemund, Denver l J" Ma Schopf, Columbus o o o 1 Qo D o Singewald, Beltsville 1 J o F o Smith J J r o 3 Denver o o o l A. Eo v1Teissenborn 9 Spokane o o 1 TEPCO 51 Denver a o o o o o o o o o o o o o " 2 TEPCO, RPS, Washington, (Including master) 2 OFFICIAL USE ONLY 56 OFFICIAL USE ONLY 3 CONTENTS Page Abstract o o o o o o o o 5 Introduction .. o o o o o 6 Location and drainage 7 Geology o " " o , 9 Structure o o 9 Stratigraphy 10 General o o o o 10 Silurian system 12 Chattanooga shale 13 Maury formation 17 Fort Payne chert o 17 Drilling program o o " o " o ¢ o o o " 18 Subdivisions of the Sequatchie anticline o 19 o o o • o o a o Northern part 0 0 "' 20 General observations o 20 " 0 Uranium distribution o o 20 Summary o o o o ?5 Central part o o o o o o 26 Southern part o o o o o o o 27 General observations 0 j' 27 Ur~~ium distribution o 33 Summary o o o o o o o o 3L. Unpublished reports o o o o o o 37 ILLUSTRATIONS Plate lo Correlation of units of Chattanoog~ shale in the Sequatchie anticline o o o o " 15 Outcrop of Chattanooga shale in Blount County, Alabama drilling area o o • 0 o 31 Figure lo Map of parts of Alabamay Georgiay and Tennessee showing location of Sequatchie Valley o " o o 8 2o Section through Walden Ridgey typical of northern part of Sequatchie Valley " o o o o o .. o o 21 3" Outcrop of Chattanooga shale in northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia o o o o ., o o o 4o Structure sections through Sequatchie anticline in Blount County~ Alabama " o o o o o " " o o o .30 OFFICIAL USE ONLY Oli'FICIAL USE ONLY ILLUSTRATIONS--Continued Page Figure 5o Outcrop of Chattanooga shale at Blount Springs, AlabamaJ and section along line E-E' o o o o 32 TABLES rrable lo Thickness and uranium content of the Chattanooga shale in the Walden Ridge drilling area 23 2o Thickness and uranium content of the Chattanooga shale in the Sequatchie anticline, Blount County, Alabama 35 OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFFICIAL USE ONLY 5 CHArr'TANOOGA SHALE INVESTIGA'I1 ONS ALONG THE SEQUATCHIE ANTICLINE OF TENNESSEE AND ALABAMA By Lynn Glover ABSTRAC'I' In 1953 the Chattanooga shale in the Sequatchie anticline was tested for its uranium content by seven diamond drill coreso Concurrent with the drillingj geologic field work was done to determine the distribution, thickness~ and struct ural setting of the shale o ~rhe results of this investi­ gation indicate that the Chattanooga shale in the Sequatchie Valley has a higher uranium content than the shale along the Eastern Highland Rim but is more folded and faultedo For the purposes of these investigations the anticline is roughly divisible into three subequal parts, designated as northern,)) central,\) and southerno In the northern part the Gassaway member of the Chattanooga shale is 13 to 21 feet thick and probably contains from Oa0060 to Oo0076 percent uraniumo An unusual thickness of the phosphatic interval in one core suggests some duplication of strataa Similar deformation could cause erratic distribution of the more uraniferous bedso In the central part of the anticline the Dowelltown member of the shale is overlapped by the Gassaway member so that only the latter is present in the central and southern parts of the anticlineo The Gassaway is thin and poorly exposed between the State line and Guntersville 1 Alao, but southward it thickens again to about hO feet near Blountsvilleo In the southern part the uranium content of the shale.? as determined OFFICIAL USE ONLY OFFICIAL USE ONLY 6 from three drill cores J is surprisingly low -when compared with analyses of 1952 outcrop samples from three sides of the areao On the basis of available data9 20 feet of shale in the area between hole AL=66 9 3 miles southwest of Blountsville:; and locality 4G=l at Blount Springs may contain between 0&0057 and Oo0070 percent uranium~ but more drilling would have to be done to check the higher figure 9 which is based on outcrop samples., Data are too sparse to permit reliable estimates of grade and tonnage. Mo re geologic work and drilling are needed to block out the most favor- able areasa INTRODUCTION The results of an investigation of the Chattanooga shale along the Sequatchie anticline of Tennessee and Alabama are summarized in this reporto The project was of an exploratory nature designed to~ 1) obtain fresh core samples from areas where analyses of outcrop samples showed uranium contents as high or higher than t hose of the Youngs Bend area in DeKalb County2 TennoJ 2) learn more about the distribution and thickness of the shale in those areas and2 if necessary9 do some geologic mapping; 3) observe general t opographic 9 drainage 9 and geologic conditions that 1 wou.ld affect the mining of the shaleo The Chattanooga shale in the Sequatchie Valley was first examined as a possible source of uranium in 194h by Butler and Chesterman (l945)o In 1948 Robeck (Robeck and Brown 9 1950) sampled and measured in more detail the outcrops in the Tennessee part of the valleyo Swanson and Kehn (1952 9 report in preparation) sampled several outcrops in and near OFFICIAL USE ONLY OF~fiCIAL USE ONLY 7 the Alabama part of the valley,\) and analyses of these samples indicate that at some places in the valley 15 feet or more of shale contains at least as much uranium as is knoltln an;r,vhere in the Chattanoogao According­ lY~ the Geological Survey recommended that the Bureau of Mines take several diamond drill cores of the shale2 and renewed its field work in the area to determine the thickness and accessibility of the shale at various places along the anticlineo The results of this geologic work and of the drill­ ing are given in the present reporto Geologic work and drilling along the Sequatchie anticline began in August l953o The drilling was completed in November)) and field work by the Geological Survey continued intermittently- until March 1954o Credit for the excellent core recovery is due the Do So Bureau of Mines,\) and especially to Mro Robert Co Hickman,\) engineer in charge of drilling,\) with whom there was complete cooperation and free exchange of informationo Samples wer,e analyzed by the Trace Elements Labora tory of the Uo So Geological Surveyo W., Ho Hass (in preparation) determined the age of the shale by study of the conodontso The writer was assisted in the field by Stanley Byers and Richard 'I'hompsono LOCATION AND DRAINAGE The Sequatchie Valley (figo 1) is a prominent northeast-southwest­ trending valley incised along the crest of the Sequatchie anticlineo The deeply breached portion of the anticline.~> which forms the main valleyj is about lh5 miles long and is almost equally divided by the Alabama-Tennessee State lineo A narrow strip of plateau between the Sequatchie Valley and OFFICIAL USE GNLY 8 s~z_o~G~£~· ·o~L~-~~~G~I~C~A~L~~s~·u~R~V~£~Y~- ~--~L_~~~-~~--------~--~--~----_, 36 o EXPLANATl ON ~ WHITE 0 ho.tta.noogcL s h a I e; au.tc.rop stippled OV\ .
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