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Trydiy FMO 2016.Indd
ISSN 2219-2085 БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ТРУДЫ ФАКУЛЬТЕТА МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ Научный сборник Основан в 2010 году Выпуск VII МИНСК БГУ 2016 УДК 3(062.522)(082) Представлены научные статьи ведущих ученых факультета международных отношений Бело- русского государственного университета, в которых рассматриваются международные отношения и внешняя политика, международное право, мировые экономические процессы, межкультурная ком- муникация. Редакционная коллегия : доктор исторических наук, профессор В. Г. Шадурский (главный редактор); доктор исторических наук, доцент Л. М. Гайдукевич; доктор исторических наук, профессор А. А. Розанов; доктор исторических наук, профессор В. Е. Снапковский; доктор исторических наук, профессор А. А. Челядинский; доктор исторических наук, профессор А. В. Шарапо; кандидат исторических наук, доцент В. А. Острога; кандидат исторических наук, доцент А. В. Русакович; кандидат исторических наук А. В. Селиванов; доктор юридических наук, профессор С. А. Балашенко; доктор юридических наук, профессор Ю. П. Бровка; доктор юридических наук, профессор М. Ф. Чудаков; кандидат юридических наук, доцент Е. В. Бабкина; кандидат юридических наук, доцент А. Е. Вашкевич; кандидат юридических наук, доцент Е. Б. Леанович; кандидат юридических наук, доцент Ю. А. Лепешков; доктор экономических наук, доцент Е. Л. Давыденко; доктор экономических наук, профессор А. В. Данильченко; доктор экономических наук, профессор С. Ю. Солодовников; доктор экономических наук, профессор А. Е. Дайнеко; кандидат экономических наук, доцент -
Table of Contents
!"#$%&'()*'+' ,&)$%'* - ! ! . " / 0 / ! !10 - 1 2,(2 ')*(&1 3 4 - 5" 6 5 )*)2 . " / 0 / ! !10- Table of contents Commonwealth of Independent States: from integration processes to regional cooperation ...................................................................................... 3 Eurasian Economic Union: Focusing on Long-Term Priorities ................ 14 Belarus-Russia: regions expand partnerships ............................................ 24 Belarus: Toward Export Diversification ..................................................... 38 Belarus: Priority - Integrated Regional Development................................. 50 Belarus: Investment and Export Locomotives for Regional Development 60 Great Stone Industrial Park: The goal is to innovate .................................. 72 Belarusian Universal Commodity Exchange: To make the most of its potential ....................................................................................................... 82 Belarusian Universal Commodity Exchange: peculiarities of multi-vector partnership ................................................................................................... 92 Belarus: Projects for the future are being built today ............................... 102 Literature .................................................................................................. -
Straddling Russia and Europe
Straddling Russia and Europe A Compendium of Recent Jamestown Analysis on Belarus January 2013 Straddling Russia and Europe A Compendium of Recent Jamestown Analysis on Belarus Washington, D.C. January 2013 THE JAMESTOWN FOUNDATION Published in the United States by The Jamestown Foundation 1111 16th St. N.W. Suite 320 Washington, D.C. 20036 http://www.jamestown.org Copyright © The Jamestown Foundation, January 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written consent. For copyright permissions information, contact The Jamestown Foundation. The views expressed in this report are those of the contributing authors and not necessarily those of The Jamestown Foundation. For more information on this report or The Jamestown Foundation, email [email protected]. JAMESTOWN’S MISSION The Jamestown Foundation’s mission is to inform and educate policymakers and the broader policy community about events and trends in those societies, which are strategically or tactically important to the United States and which frequently restrict access to such information. Utilizing indigenous and primary sources, Jamestown’s material is delivered without political bias, filter or agenda. It is often the only source of information that should be, but is not always, available through official or intelligence channels, especially with regard to Eurasia and terrorism. Origins Launched in 1984 after Jamestown’s late president and founder William Geimer’s work with Arkady Shevchenko, the highest-ranking Soviet official ever to defect when he left his position as undersecretary general of the United Nations, the Jamestown Foundation rapidly became the leading source of information about the inner workings of closed totalitarian societies. -
Belarusian Yearbook 2016
WEBSITE OF THE EXPERT COMMUNITY OF BELARUS NASHE MNENIE 1 (‘OUR OPINION’) AGENCY FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL EXPERT APPRAISAL BELARUSIAN YEARBOOK 2016 A survey and analysis of developments in the Republic of Belarus in 2015 Lohvinaŭ Vilnius 2016 2 BELARUSIAN YEARBOOK 2016 3 CONTENTS EDITORIAL FOREWORD 7 Compiled and edited by: Anatoly Pankovsky and Valeria Kostyugova STATE AUTHORITIES Nikolai Burov English version translated by Mark Bence, Volha Hapeyeva, Andrey Kuznetsov, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Taciana Tuluš Presidential Administration: English version edited by Max Nuijens Guarding the bankrupt ‘Belarusian way’ 13 Scientific reviewers and consultants: Ina Ramasheuskaya Oleg Manaev, Doctor of Sociology (Independent Institute of Socio- Economic and Political Studies); Andrei Vardomatski, Doctor of Sociology The Kobyakov Cabinet: Circular firing squad 20 (Laboratory of Axiometrical Research NOVAK); Alexei Pikulik, Doctor of Political Sciences (Belarusian Institute for Strategic Studies — BISS), Irina Andrei Porotnikov Dounaeva, Ph. D. (independent expert); Olga Shparaga, Ph. D., Associate National defense in the context of regional threats 26 Professor (European College of Liberal Arts in Belarus (ECLAB)); Andrey Kazakevich, Doctor of Political Sciences (Institute of Political Studies Dzmitry Kukhlei Political Sphere); Pavel Daneiko (Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center — BEROC); Miroslav Kollar (Institute for Public Affairs, Representative bodies: The parliament Program Director of the Slovak annual Global Report). of foreign affairs -
Belarusian Institute for Strategic Studies Website of the Expert Community of Belarus «Nashe Mnenie» (Our Opinion)
1 BELARUSIAN INSTITUTE FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES WEBSITE OF THE EXPERT COMMUNITY OF BELARUS «NASHE MNENIE» (OUR OPINION) BELARUSIAN YEARBOOK 2010 A survey and analysis of developments in the Republic of Belarus in 2010 Minsk, 2011 2 BELARUSIAN YEARBOOK 2010 Compiled and edited by: Anatoly Pankovsky, Valeria Kostyugova Prepress by Stefani Kalinowskaya English version translated by Mark Bence, Volha Hapeyeva, Andrey Kuznetsov, Vladimir Kuznetsov, Tatsiana Tulush English version edited by Max Nuijens Scientific reviewers and consultants: Miroslav Kollar, Institute for Public Affairs, Program Director of the Slovak annual Global Report; Vitaly Silitsky, Belarusian Institute for Strategic Studies (BISS, Lithuania); Pavel Daneiko, Belarusian Economic Research and Outreach Center (BEROC); Andrey Vardomatsky, NOVAK laboratory; Pyotr Martsev, BISS Board member; Ales Ancipenka, Belaru- sian Collegium; Vladimir Dunaev, Agency of Policy Expertise; Viktor Chernov, independent expert. The yearbook is published with support of The German Marshall Fund of the United States The opinions expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessari- ly represent the opinion of the editorial board. © Belarusian Institute for Strategic ISSN 18224091 Studies 3 CONTENTS EDITORIAL FOREWORD 7 STATE AUTHORITY Pyotr Valuev Presidential Administration and Security Agencies: Before and after the presidential election 10 Inna Romashevskaya Five Hundred-Dollar Government 19 Alexandr Alessin, Andrey Volodkin Cooperation in Arms: Building up new upon old 27 Andrey Kazakevich -
Belarus by Alexei Pikulik, Dzianis Melyantsou Et Al
Belarus by Alexei Pikulik, Dzianis Melyantsou et al. Capital: Minsk Population: 9.5 million GNI/capita, PPP: US$14,460 Source: The data above are drawn from the World Bank’sWorld Development Indicators 2013. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averaged Scores 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Electoral Process 6.75 7.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.75 6.75 7.00 7.00 7.00 Civil Society 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.50 6.50 6.25 6.00 6.00 6.25 6.50 Independent Media 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 Governance* 6.50 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a National Democratic Governance n/a 6.75 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Local Democratic Governance n/a 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 Judicial Framework and Independence 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 7.00 7.00 Corruption 5.75 6.00 6.25 6.25 6.25 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.25 6.25 Democracy Score 6.54 6.64 6.71 6.68 6.71 6.57 6.50 6.57 6.68 6.71 * Starting with the 2005 edition, Freedom House introduced separate analysis and ratings for national democratic governance and local democratic governance to provide readers with more detailed and nuanced analysis of these two important subjects. -
Belarus: Neither Europe, Nor Russia Opinions of Belarusian Elites
Belarus: Neither Europe, nor Russia Opinions of Belarusian elites Stefan Batory Foundation Warsaw 2006 Belarus: Neither Europe, nor Russia Opinions of Belarusian elites Stefan Batory Foundation Sapieżyńska 10a 00-215 Warsaw tel. |48 22| 536 02 00 fax |48 22| 536 02 20 [email protected] www.batory.org.pl Editors Valer Bulhakau, Agnieszka Komorowska Translation Alaksandar Janusik Proof-reading Anna Piątkowska Art director of the Stefan Batory Foundation’s publications Marta Kusztra Graphic design Teresa Oleszczuk Typesetting by TYRSA Sp. z o.o. © Copyright by Stefan Batory Foundation ISBN 83-89406-80-2 This publication is distributed free of charge Warsaw 2006 Contents Introduction 7 Vital Silitski, Dillemas of choice 9 1. What does Europe mean to you? 23 2. Is Belarus (as it is) part of Europe? May be it should strive for it? What Belarus should do to achieve that goal? (Do you consider European community based on common values or a geographic location?) 37 3. What can Belarus offer Europe? 61 4. Should Belarus make a strategic choice? If it should, should it seek closer ties with Russia, the European Union (EU) or former Soviet republics? Are these choices mutually exclusive? What should be done to put them into practice? 81 5. Does Belarusian identity exist? If it does, how to characterize it? What is a Belarusian identity? What does it mean to be a Belarusian? 111 6. Does the notion‘ Slavic community’/’community of former Soviet peoples’ exist? 137 7. What do you think of Russia’s policies with regard to Belarus? 159 8. -
Eurasian Economic Union Observer
Eurasian Economic Union Observer Issue 1 / 2016 (1th quarter) - 23.03.2016 ISSN 0000-0000 (pending) Compiled and edited by the EEU Observatory at LIBERTAS - Europäisches Institut GmbH. Responsible for the EEU Observatory and Editor: Ofelya Sargsyan, MA. This information appears as an eQuarterly. Highlights in the text by the editor. This issue contains original English articles, but also some translated from Russian. Published by: LIBERTAS - Europäisches Institut GmbH / EEU Observatory Lindenweg 37, D-72414 Rangendingen Tel.: +49 7471 984 996-0; Fax: +49 7471 984 996-19 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.libertas-institut.com, www.eufaj.eu (European Union Foreign Affairs Journal) Managing Director: Hans-Jürgen Zahorka Yearly subscription (no subscription fee, but handling for 4 issues): 48,00 EUR (+ VAT if applicable; EU subscribers should communicate their VAT ID no., if existing)) Company registered: AG Stuttgart, HRB 243253, USt ID no.: DE811240129, Tax no.: 53 093 05327 1 A Word from the Publisher Dear readers, the second quarterly issue of “Eurasian Economic Union Observer” is before you. This is a unique publication for monitoring all around the Eurasian Economic Union. Some of them are critical, some of them not - in the best tradition of a free press. We want to inform the interested public about the developments in and around the EEU. This time, an accent was taken on the external relations of the EEU. It is also interesting, what happens in the EEU member states and how there is thought over the structure. It has to be noted, that the EEU member states are, while rather open economically - well, more or less - they are partly closed politically, in the sense of an authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regime. -
Eurasian Union Fails a Critical Test: Displaying Irrelevance in the Time Of
MAY 2020 12 Arkady Moshes, Programme Director, FIIA Ryhor Nizhnikau, Senior Research Fellow, FIIA Kristiina Silvan, Research Fellow, FIIA EURASIAN UNION FAILS A CRITICAL TEST DISPLAYING IRRELEVANCE IN THE TIME OF THE CORONA CRISIS The pandemic is testing the effectiveness of the Eurasian Economic Union. However, its actions demonstrate the fundamental flaws of this integration project instead. The Covid-19 pandemic has sub- unconvincing at best, and has is that some of these individual jected the Eurasian Economic served instead to turn the spotlight actions impeded the functioning Union (EAEU) to a double ordeal. on the existing internal contradic- of the common market and thus On the one hand, the question is tions and structural deficiencies. contradicted the whole purpose of whether the EAEU has the insti- The reliance on national solu- creating the Union. tutional capacity to make its five tions was hardly surprising tak- Due to unilateral and uncoordi- member states – Armenia, Belarus, ing into account the differences nated border closures, by Russia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia in approaches to the corona crisis, particular, labour migrants return- – act in a coherent and coordinat- when Armenia and Kazakhstan ing home were stuck at airports and ed manner. On the other hand, the introduced early and strict quar- border checkpoints. Even though challenge is to make a practical dif- antine measures, while Belarusian borders remained open to road ference and add value to the states’ President Alexander Lukashenko freight traffic, the movement of actions. Mikhail Myasnikovich, a chose to simply deny the danger goods was periodically interrupt- Belarusian national who is cur- and imposed none. -
Chapter 11: Belarus-West Relations: the New Normal
Chapter 11 Belarus-West Relations: The New Normal Dzianis Melyantsou The new geopolitical environment formed after the annexation of Crimea and the war in the Donbas, together with emerging threats and challenges, are pressing both Belarus and the West to revise their policies in the region as well as their relations with each other. In this new context, Belarus is seeking a more balanced foreign policy and, at least towards the Ukrainian crisis, a more neutral stance. Compared to the less-than-successful Belarus-Western efforts at a new normalization between 2008 and 2010, this new effort promises to be more sustainable, for a number of reasons. Minsk is more motivated to achieve greater independence from Russia and to advance a new pragmatic bilateral agenda with the European Union, and in Western capitals there has been a shift in perception regarding threats and challenges that has brought new life to geopolitical considerations. This new “normalization,” however, is also likely to face significant limits. Abroad, Minsk will have to fulfill its obligations as a member of the Eurasian Economic Union and the Collective Security Treaty Organiza - tion (CSTO). At home, it can only allow modest domestic political liber - alization, since the government still prioritizes political stability over closer ties with the West. The History of Belarus-Western Relations Relations between independent Belarus and the West have been diffi - cult. After the Soviet Union collapsed, the newly proclaimed Republic of Belarus started to build democracy and established diplomatic relations with Western countries. It signed a Partnership and Cooperation Agree - ment (PCA) with the European Union and welcomed U.S. -
The Statesman's Yearbook
THE STATESMAN’S YEARBOOK 2016 ‘Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed no better than we deserve.’ George Bernard Shaw (1856À1950) Editors Frederick Martin 1864À1883 Sir John Scott-Keltie 1883À1926 Mortimer Epstein 1927À1946 S. H. Steinberg 1946À1969 John Paxton 1969À1990 Brian Hunter 1990À1997 Barry Turner 1997À2014 Credits Publisher Nicholas Heath-Brown Research Editor Tom Alvarez Editorial Assistant Sharanjit Aujla Researchers Daniel Smith Richard German Robert McGowan Liane Jones Sheena Amin Edward Lea Ben Eastham Jill Fenner Justine Foong James Wilson Sara Hussain Dominic Frost Saif Ullah Sharita Oomeer Martha Nyman Index Richard German Production Tim Kapp Typesetting MPS Marketing Gurpreet Gill-Bains Kim MacLean email: [email protected] THE STATESMAN’S YEARBOOK THE POLITICS, CULTURES AND ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD 2016 © Macmillan Publishers Ltd 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Published annually since 1864. This edition published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. -
The End of the Soviet Union: Stanislau Shushkevich's Eyewitness Account
THE END OF THE SOVIET UNION: STANISLAU SHUSHKEVICH’S EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT or the first time in English, this issue of Demokratizatsiya publishes Fan excerpt from former Belarus leader Stanislau Shushkevich’s autobi- ography, My Life: The Collapse and Resurrection of the USSR. This book has never been published in Belarus or in an English translation, though Moscow’s ROSSPEN published the entire monograph on November 5, 2012, in Russian as Моя жизнь, крушение и воскрешение СССР. The excerpt translated and reproduced here describes the dramatic events surrounding the signing of the Belavezha Accords that formally ended the Soviet Union and established the Commonwealth of Independent States. These events are central to the massive regime transformations in Eurasia that started under Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and that are the chief subject matter of our journal. The Belavezha Accords simultane- ously represent an outcome of the USSR’s democratization and a cause of what came next, including continued political opening in some post-Soviet countries and dramatic new rounds of political closure in others. The following text, like the rest of Shushkevich’s book, is part personal memoir and part analysis of the events he participated in. It switches among informal observations, historical description, and commentary from the author’s perspective. The events mainly take place at Viskuli, an elite Soviet-era rest facil- ity for high-level officials, which is located in Belarus’s Belavezha forest. Shushkevich relates what happens at the end of 1991 in the context of Belarusan national politics and the broader context of politics in the post- Soviet space, especially Russia.